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Sex Offender Programs/Strategies

Publications

Publications
Process Evaluations Outcome Evaluations Other Sex Offender Program/Strategy Reports

Process Evaluations
Drapeau, M. (2005). Research on the processes involved in treating sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (2), 117-125. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. (2001). Specialized sex offender probation in Cook County links supervision, treatment. Chicago, Illinois: Author. Lowden, K., English, K., Hetz, N., & Harrison, L. (2003). Process evaluations of the Colorado Sex Offender Management Board standards and guidelines: A report of findings. Denver, CO: Office of Research and Statistics, Division of Criminal Justice. Pffflin, F., Bhmer, M., Cornehl, S., & Mergenthaler, E. (2005). What happens in therapy with sexual offenders? A model of process research. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (2), 141-151. Pithers, W. D. (1999). Empathy: Definition, enhancement, and relevance to the treatment of sexual abusers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, (3), 257-284. Seng, M. J., Stalans, L. J., Yarnold, P., & Swartz, J. (2000). An implementation evaluation of the specialized sex offender projects in DuPage, Lake and Winnebago Counties. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University. Stalans, L. J., Seng, M., Yarnold, P., Lavery, T., & Swartz, J. (n.d.). Process and initial impact evaluation of the Cook County Adult Probation Department's Sex Offender Program. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University.

Outcome Evaluations
Alaska Department of Corrections and Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center. (1996). Sex offender treatment program: Initial recidivism study-Executive summary. Anchorage, AK: Offender Programs, Alaska Department of Corrections; and Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Unit, Justice Center, University of Alaska Anchorage. Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Center, Justice Center, University of Alaska Anchorage. (1995). Sex offender treatment program: Preliminary description. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Justice Statistical Analysis Unit, Justice Center, University of Alaska Anchorage.

Aytes, K. E., Olsen, S. S., Zakrajsek, T., Murray, P., & Ireson, R. (2001). Cognitive/behavioral treatment for sexual offenders: An examination of recidivism. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, (4), 223-231. Beech, A., Erikson, M., Friendship, C., & Ditchfield, J. (2001). A six-year follow-up of men going through probation-based sex offender treatment programmes. London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. Beech, A., Friendship, C., Erikson, M., & Hanson, R. K. (2002). The relationship between static and dynamic risk factors and reconviction in a sample of U.K. child abusers. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (2), 155-167. Beech, A. R., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E. (2005). Relationship between therapeutic climate and treatment outcome in group-based sexual offender treatment programs. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (2), 127-140. Dowden, C., Antonowicz, D., & Andrews, D. A. (2003). The effectiveness of relapse prevention with offenders: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47 (5), 516-528. Firestone, P., Bradford, J. M., McCoy, M., Greenberg, D. M., Curry, S., & Larose, M. R. (2000). Prediction of recidivism in extrafamilial child molesters based on court-related assessments. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, (3), 203-221. Friendship, C., Mann, R. E., & Beech, A. R. (2003). Evaluation of a national prison-based treatment program for sexual offenders in England and Wales. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, (7), 744-759. Friendship, C., Mann, R., & Beech, A. (2003). The prison-based sex offender programme - An evaluation. London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. Garrett, T., Oliver, C., Wilcox, D. T., & Middleton, D. (2003). Who cares? The views of sexual offenders about the group treatment they receive. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, (4), 323338. Geer, T. M., Becker, J. V., Gray, S. R., & Krauss, D. (2001). Predictors of treatment completion in a correctional sex offender treatment program. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45 (3), 302-313. Hall, G. C. N. (1995). Sexual offender recidivism revisited: A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, (5), 802-809. Hanson, R. K., Broom, I., & Stephenson, M. (2004). Evaluating community sex offender treatment programs: A 12-year follow-up of 724 offenders. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 2, 87-96. Hennessy, M., Walter, J. S., & Vess, J. (2002). An evaluation of the Empat as a measure of victim empathy with civilly committed sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (3), 237-247. Hepburn, J. R., & Griffin, M. L. (2004). An analysis of risk factors contributing to the recidivism of sex offenders on probation. Arizona: Arizona State University.

Hood, R., Shute, S., Felizer, M., & Wilcox, A. (2002). Sex offenders emerging from long-term imprisonment: A study of their long-term reconviction rates and of parole board members judgements of their risk. British Journal of Criminology, 42, (2), 371-394. Hudson, S. M., Wales, D. S., Bakker, L., & Ward, T. (2002). Dynamic risk factors. The Kia Marama evaluation. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (2), 103-119. Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. (2001). Specialized sex offender probation in Cook County links supervision, treatment. Chicago, Illinois: Author. Levenson, J. S. & Cotter, L. P. (2005). The effect of Megan's Law on sex offender reintegration. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 21, (1), 49-66. Levenson, J. S., & Macgowan, M. J. (2004). Engagement, denial, and treatment progress among sex offenders in group therapy. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, (1), 49-63. Looman, J., Abracen, J., & Nicholaichuk, T. P. (2000). Recidivism among treated sexual offenders and matched controls: Data from the regional treatment centre (Ontario). Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, (3), 279-290. Looman, J., Abracen, J., Serin, R., & Marquis, P. (2005). Psychopathy, treatment change, and recidivism in high-risk, high-need sexual offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, (5), 549-568. Lowden, K., Hetz, N., Harrison, L., Patrick, D., English, K., & Pasini-Hill, D. (2003). Evaluation of Colorado's prison therapeutic community for sex offenders: A report of findings. Denver, CO: Office of Research and Statistics, Division of Criminal Justice. Maletsky, B. M., & Steinhauser, C. (2002). A 25-year follow-up of cognitive/behavioral therapy with 7,275 sexual offenders. Behavior Modification, 2, 123-147. Marques, J. K., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & West, M. A. (1994). Effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment on sex offender recidivism: Preliminary results of a longitudinal study. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 21, 28-54. Marques, J. K., Wiederanders, M., Day, D. M., Nelson, C., & van Ommeren, A. (2005). Effects of a relapse prevention program on sexual recidivism: Final results from California's Sex Offender Treatment and Evaluation Project (SOTEP). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (1), 79-107. Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1990). Outcome of comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment programs. In W. L. Marshall, D. R. Laws, & H. E. Barbaree (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault: Issues, theories and treatment of the offender (pp. 363-385). New York: Plenum. Marshal, W. L., & McGuire, J. (2003). Effect sizes in the treatment of sexual offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47 (6), 653-663. Marshal, W. L., Thornton, D., Marshall, L. E., Fernandez, Y. M., & Mann, R. (2001). Treatment of sexual offenders who are in categorical denial: A pilot project. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, (3), 205-215. McGrath, R. J., Cumming, G., Livingston, J. A., & Hoke, S. E. (2003). Outcome of a treatment program for adult sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, (1), 3-17.

Meloy, M. L. (2005). The sex offender next door: An analysis of recidivism, risk factors, and deterrence of sex offenders on probation. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 16, (2), 211-236. Minnesota Department of Corrections. (2000). Community-based sex offender program evaluation project: 1999 report to the legislature. St. Paul, MN: Author. Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D., & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an institutional sexual offender treatment program: A comparison between treated and matched untreated offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, (2), 139-153. Petrosino, A. J., & Petrosino, C. (1999). The public safety potential of Megan's Law in Massachusetts: An assessment from a sample of criminal sexual psychopaths. Crime & Delinquency, 45, (1), 140-158. Phillips, D. M. (1998). Community notification as viewed by Washington's citizens. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Polizzi, D. M., MacKenzie, D. L., & Hickman, L. J. (1999). What works in adult sex offender treatment? A review of prison- and non-prison-based treatment programs. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 43 (3), 357-374. Pithers, W. D. (1999). Empathy: Definition, enhancement, and relevance to the treatment of sexual abusers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, (3), 257-284. Proctor, J. L., Badzinski, D. M., & Johnson, M. (2002). The impact of media on knowledge and perceptions of Megan's Law. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 13, (4), 356-379. Redlich, A. D. (2001). Community notification: Perceptions of its effectiveness in preventing child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10, 91-116. Reitzel, L. R., & Carbonell, J. L. (2006). The effectiveness of sex offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: A meta-analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 18, (4), 401-421. Rice, M. E., & Harris, G. T. (2003). The size and sign of treatment effects in sex offender therapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 428-440. Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., & Harris, G. T. (1991). Sexual recidivism among child molesters released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, (3), 381-386. Schram, D. D., & Milloy, C. D. (1995). Community notification: A study of offender characteristics and recidivism. Seattle, WA: Urban Policy Research. Schweitzer, R., & Dwyer, J. (2003). Sex crime recidivism: Evaluation of a sexual offender treatment program. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, (11), 1292-1310. Seager, J. A., Jellicoe, D., & Dhaliwal, G. K. (2004). Refusers, dropouts, and completers: Measuring sex offender treatment efficacy. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48 (5), 600-612. Stalans, L. J., Seng, M., Yarnold, P., Lavery, T., & Swartz, J. (n.d.). Process and initial impact evaluation of the Cook County Adult Probation Department's Sex Offender Program. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University.

Stalans, L. J., Seng, M., & Yarnold, P. R. (2002). Long-term impact evaluation of specialized sex offender probation programs in Lake, DuPage and Winnebago Counties. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University and Northwestern University Medical School. Studer, L. H., Aylwin, A. S., & Reddon, J. R. (2005). Testosterone, sexual offense recidivism, and treatment effect among adult male sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (2), 171-181. Tierney, D. W., & McCabe, M. P. (2005). The utility of the trans-theoretical model of behavior change in the treatment of sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (2), 153-170. Virginia Sentencing Commission. (2001). Assessing risk among sex offenders in Virginia. Virginia: Author. Walker, D. F., McGovern, S. K., Poey, E. L., & Otis, K. E. (2005). Treatment effectiveness for male adolescent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis and review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13, (3/4), 281293. Walker, J. T., Madden, S., Vsquez, B. E., VanHouten, A. C., & Ervin-McLarty, G. (n.d.). The influence of sex offender registration and notification laws in the United States. Little Rock, AR: Arkansas Crime Information Center. Webster, S. D. (2005). Pathways to sexual offense recidivism following treatment: An examination of the Ward and Hudson self-regulation model of relapse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, (10), 11751196. Wilson, R. J., Picheca, J. E., & Prinzo, M. (2005). Circles of support & accountability: An evaluation of the pilot project in South-Central Ontario. Ontario, Canada: Correctional Services of Canada. Wood, R. M., Grossman, L. S., & Fichtner, C. G. (2000). Psychological assessment, treatment, and outcome with sex offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 23-41. Worling, J. R. (2004). The estimate of risk of adolescent sexual offense recidivism (ERASOR): Preliminary psychometric data. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, (3), 235-254. Zgoba, K. M., Sager, W. R., & Witt, P. H. (2003). Evaluation of New Jersey's sex offender treatment program at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center: Preliminary results. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 31, (2), 133-164. Zgoba, K. M., & Simon, L. M. J. (2005). Recidivism rates of sexual offenders up to 7 years later: Does treatment matter? Criminal Justice Review, 30, (2), 155-173.

Other Sex Offender Program/Strategy Reports

Abel G. G., Jordan A., & Hand C. G. (2001). Classification models of child molesters utilizing the Abel Assessment for Sexual Interest. Child Abuse Neglect, 25, 703-718.

Abracen, J., & Looman, J. (2005). Developments in the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders: Looking backward with a view to the future. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, (1), 12-19. Arkowitz, S., & Vess, J. (2003). An evaluation of the Bumby RAPE and MOLEST scales as measures of cognitive distortions with civilly committed sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, (4), 237-249. Aylward, A. (2006). Successful transitions from institution to community: Reentry and the Washington State Sex Offender Treatment Program. Corrections Today Magazine, 68, (7), 76, 77, 82-106. Barbaree, H. E. (1997). Evaluating treatment efficacy with sexual offenders: The insensitivity of recidivism studies to treatment effects. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 111-128. Barbaree, H. E., Seto, M. C., Langston, C. M., & Peacock, E. J. (2001). Evaluating the predictive accuracy of six risk assessment instruments for adult sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 28, 490-521. Barbaree, H., Seto, M., Malcolm, B., & Peacock, E. (1997). A model for clinically-informed risk assessment for sex offenders. Canada: Clarke Institute of Psychiatry and Correctional Service Canada. Barnes, A. R., Baca, M., Dix, M., Flahr, S., Gaal, C., Whitaker, M., Moeglein, S., & Morgheim, N. (1994). Sex offender treatment project: Literature review. Anchorage, Alaska: Justice Center, University of Alaska Anchorage. Becker, J .V. (1994). Offenders: Characteristics and treatment. Sexual Abuse of Children, 4, (2), 176-197. Beyko, M. J., & Wong, S. C. P. (2005). Predictors of treatment attrition as indicators for program improvement not offender shortcomings: A study of sex offender treatment attrition. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (4), 375-389. Bradberry, C., & Tester, D. (2005). Sex offenders in South Carolina: An overview of the population and the nexus of community supervision and mental health services. South Carolina: The Office of Research and Statistics. Bradford, J. M., & Kaye, N. S. (n.d.). The pharmacological treatment of sexual offenders. Retrieved December 8, 2005. Bucklew, J., & Huckins, G. (2006). One Iowa case makes a difference: Engaging resistive sex offenders. Corrections Today Magazine, 68, (7), 78-80. Bureau of Justice Assistance. (n.d.). Managing sex offenders: Citizens supporting law enforcement. Washington, DC: Author. Center for Sex Offender Management. (2001). Case studies on the Center for Sex Offender Management's national resource sites. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Center for Sex Offender Management. (n. d.). An overview of sex offender treatment for a non-clinical audience: A training curriculum. Silver Spring, MD: Author. Center for Sex Offender Management. (2006). Understanding treatment for adults and juveniles who have committed sex offenses. Rockville, MD: Author.

Center for Sex Offender Management. (2007). Managing the challenges of sex offender reentry. Rockville, MD: Author. Colorado Department of Public Safety. (2004). Report on safety issues raised by living arrangements for and location of sex offenders in the community. Colorado: Author. Colorado Sex Offender Management Board. (2003). Handbook: Sexually violent predator assessment screening instrument for felons: Background and instruction. Denver, Colorado: Author. Correctional Service of Canada. (n.d.). Case studies of female sex offenders in the correctional service of Canada. Ottawa, Canada: Author. Craissati, J., & Beech, A. (2001). Attrition in a community treatment program for child sexual abusers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16, (3), 205-221. Dempster, R. J., & Hart, S. D. (2002). The relative utility of fixed and variable risk factors in discriminating sexual recidivists and nonrecidivists. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (2), 121-138. de Vogel, V., de Ruiter, C., van Beek, D., & Mead, G. (2004). Predictive validity of the SVR-20 and Static 99 in a Dutch sample of treated sex offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 28, (3), 235-251. Doren, D. M. (2004). Stability of the interpretive risk percentages for the PRSASOR and Static-99. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, (1) 25-36. Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. A. (2000). Effective correctional treatment and violent reoffending: A metaAnalysis. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 42, (4), 449. Drapeau, M., Korner, A., Granger, L., Brunet, L., & Casper, F. (2005). A plan analysis of pedophile sexual abusers' motivations for treatment: A qualitative pilot study. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, (3), 308-324. Edwards, W., & Hensley, C. (2001). Contextualizing sex offender management legislation and policy: Evaluating the problem of latent consequences in community notification laws. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45, (1), 83-101. English, K. (1998). The containment approach: An aggressive strategy for the community management of adult sex offenders. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 4, (1/2), 218-235. English, K. (1999). Colorado Division of Criminal Justice: Adult sex offender risk assessment screening instrument. Denver, Colorado: Division of Criminal Justice. English, K. (2004). The containment approach to managing sex offenders. Seton Hall Law Review, 34, 1255-1272. English, K., Jones, L., Pasini-Hill, D., Patrick, D., & Cooley-Towell, S. (2000). The value of polygraph testing in sex offender management. Denver, CO: Colorado Department of Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research & Statistics. English, K., Retzlaff, P., & Kleinsasser, D. (2002). The Colorado sex offender risk scale. Journal of Child Sex Abuse, 11, (2), 77-96.

Farkas, M . A., & Stichman, A. (2002). Sex offender laws: Can treatment, punishment, incapacitation, and public safety be reconciled? Criminal Justice Review, 27, 256-283. Finn, P. (1997). Sex offender community notification. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Fonza, M. (2001). A review of sex offender treatment programs. The ABNF Journal, 42-48. Frost, A. (2004). Therapeutic engagement styles of child sexual offenders in a group treatment program. A grounded theory of study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, (3), 191-208. Gallagher, C. A., Wilson, D. B., Hirschfield, P., Coggeshall, M. B., & MacKenzie, D. L. (1999). A quantitative review of the effects of sex offender treatment on sexual reoffending. Corrections Management Quarterly, 3, 19-29. Grossman, L. S., Martis, B.,& Fichtner, C. G. (1999). Are sex offenders treatable? A research overview. Psychiatric Services, 50, (3), 349-361). Grotpeter, J. K., & Elliott, D. S. (2002). Violent sexual offending. Boulder, CO: Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence. Grubin, D. (n.d.). Expert paper: Sex offender research. Liverpool, England: NHS National Programme on Forensic Mental Health Research and Development. Hallett, A. (2006). Sex offender management programming in Massachusetts. Corrections Today Magazine, 68, (7), 74-81. Hanson, R. K. (2006). What works: The principles of effective interventions with offenders. Presentation at the 25th Annual Conference of the Association for Treatment of Sexual Abusers. Chicago, IL. Hanson, R. K., Gordon, A., Harris, A. J. R., Marques, J. K., Murphy, W., Quinsey, V. L., & Seto, M. C. (2002). First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment of sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (2), 169-194. Hanson, R. K., & Harris, A. J. R. (2001). A structured approach to evaluating change among sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13, (2), 105-122. Hanson, R. K., Morton, K. E., & Harris, A. J. R. (2003). Sexual offender recidivism risk: What we know and what we need to know. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 154-166. Hanson, R. K., Steffy, R. A., & Gauthier, R. (1993). Long-term recidivism of child molesters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 646-652. Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior, 24, (1), 119-136. Harris, A. J. (2006). Risk assessment and sex offender community supervision: A context-specific framework. Federal Probation, 70, (2). Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., Lalumire, M. L., & Boer, D. (2003). A multisite comparison of actuarial risk instruments for sex offenders. Psychological Assessment, 15, (3), 413-425. Huebner, B., Valentine, D. C., Stopkes, S., D., Cobbina, J., & Berg, M. (2006). Sex offender risk assessment. Missouri: Institute of Public Policy.

John Howard Society of Alberta. (1997). Community-based sex offender treatment programs. Alberta, Canada: Author. John Howard Society of Alberta. (2002). Sex offender treatment programs. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Author. Retrieved December 8, 2005. Kemshall, H. (2002). Risk assessment and management of known sexual and violent offenders: A review of current issues. London, England: Home Office, Police and Reducing Crime Unit, Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. Knight, R. A., & Thornton, D. (2007). Evaluating and improving risk assessment schemes for sexual recidivism: A long-term follow-up of convicted sexual offenders. Waltham, Massachusetts and Mauston, Wisconsin: Brandeis University and Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center. Koch, S. G. (2001). Megan's Law and the Internet: Exploring the impact of sex offender web sites. Ewing, NJ: Political Science Department, The College of New Jersey. La Fond, J. Q., & Winick, B. J. (2004). Sex offender reentry courts: A proposal for managing the risk of returning sex offenders to the community. Seton Hall Law Review, 34, 1173-1212. Lane Council of Governments. (2003). Managing sex offenders in the community: A national overview. Eugene, OR: Author. Langstrom, N. (2004). Accuracy of actuarial procedures for assessment of sexual offender recidivism risk may vary across ethnicity. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, (2), 107-120. Langton, C. M., Barbaree, H. E., Seto, M. C., Peacock, E. J., Harkins, L., & Hansen, K. T. (2007). Actuarial assessment of risk for reoffense among adult sex offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, (1), 37-59. Lievore, D. (2004). Recidivism of sexual assault offenders: Rates, risk factors and treatment efficacy. Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology. Lsel, F. & Schmucker, M. (2005). The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1, 117-146. Lovell, E. (2001). Megan's Law: Does it protect children? London, England: National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). Mann, R. E., Webster, S. D., Schofield, C., & Marshall, W. L. (2004). Approach versus avoidance goals in relapse prevention with sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16, 6575. Marshal, W. L., & Laws, D. R. (2003). A brief history of behavioral and cognitive behavioral approaches to sexual offenders: Part 2. The modern era. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 15, (2), 93-120. Marshall, W. L., Ward, T., Man, R. E., Moulden, H., Fernandez, Y. M., Serran, G., & Marshall, L. E. (2005). Working positively with sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20, (9), 1096-1114. Matson, S. (2002). Sex offender treatment: A critical management tool. Corrections Today, 64, (6), 114117.

McGrath, R. J., & Hoke, S. E. (2001). Vermont assessment of sex offender risk manual. Middlebury, VT: Vermont Department of Corrections. Milloy, C. D. (1994). A comparative study of juvenile sex offenders and non-sex offenders. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Milloy, C. (2003). Six-year follow-up of released sex offenders recommended for commitment under Washington's sexually violent predator law, where no petition was filed. Olympia, WA: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Misch, G., Burke, C., Keaton, S., & Pennell, S. (2003). An evaluation of the San Diego County probation supervision standards for adult sex offenders. San Diego, CA: SANDAG. National Criminal Justice Association. (n.d.). Sex offender registries and community notification: State's use of technology for public safety. Policy and Practice, 1-8. Nieto, M. (2004). Community treatment and supervision of sex offenders: How it's done across the country and in California. Sacramento, CA: California Research Bureau. Nunes, K. L, Fireston, P., Bradford, J. M., Greenberg, D. M., & Broom, I. (2002). A comparison of modified version of the Static-99 and the sex offender risk appraisal guide. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (3), 249-265. O'Donohue, W., Regev, L. G., & Hagstrom, A. (2000). Problems with the DSM-IV diagnosis of pedophilia. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 12, (2), 95-105. Office of Criminal Justice Services. (2006). Sex offenders. Columbus, OH: Author. Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction. (2001). Ten-year recidivism follow-up of 1989 sex offender releases. Columbus, Ohio: Author. Pawson, R. (n.d.). Does Megan's Law work? A theory-driven systematic review. London, England: ESRC UK Centre for Evidence Based Policy and Practice, Queen Mary University of London. Peckenpaugh, J. (2006). Controlling sex offender reentry: Jessica's law measures in California. California: California's Prison Reform. Phillips, S. C. (2003). Research overview: Sex offender treatment approaches and programs. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Sentencing Commission. Poole, C., & Lieb, R. (1995). Community notification in Washington State: Decision-making and costs. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Prentky, R. A., Knight, R. A., & Lee, A. F. S. (1997). Child sexual molestation: Research issues. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Lalumiere, M. L. (1993). Assessing treatment efficacy in outcome studies of sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8, 512-523. Righthand. S., Prentky, R., Knight, R., Carpenter, E., Hecker, J. E., & Nangle, D. (2005). Factor structure and validation of the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol (J-SOAP). Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 17, (1), 13-30.

Robson, M. (n.d.). An overview of the literature about female sexual offending. Auckland, New Zealand: Safe Network, Inc. Saldana, L., Swenson, C. C., & Letourneau, E. (2006). Multisystemic therapy with juveniles who sexually abuse. In R. E. Longo & D. S. Prescott (Eds.), Current perspectives: Working with sexually aggressive youth and youth with sexual behavior problems (pp. 563-577). Holyoke, MA: NEARI Press. Saleh, F., M., & Guidry, L. L. (2003). Psychosocial and biological treatment considerations for the paraphilic and nonparaphilic sex offender. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31, 486-493. Simkins, L., Ward, W. W., Bowman, S., & Rinck, C. M. (1989). The Multiphasic Sex Inventory as a predictor of treatment response in child sexual abusers. Annals of Sex Research, 2, 205-226. Smith, C. J., Hayler, B., & Craig, K. S. (2000). The Illinois Department of Corrections' juvenile sex offender program: The final report of the program evaluation. Springfield, IL: Center for Legal Studies, University of Illinois at Springfield. Song, L., Lieb, R., & Donnelly, S. (1993). Female sex offenders in Washington State. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Song, L., & Lieb, R. (1995). Washington State sex offenders: Overview of recidivism studies. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Institute for Public Policy. Stalans, L. J. (2004). Adult sex offenders on community supervision: A review of recent assessment strategies and treatment. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31, (5), 564-608. Thakker, J., Ward, T., & Tidmarsh, P. (2006). A reevaluation of relapse prevention with adolescents who sexually offend: A good lives model. In H. E. Barbaree & W. L. Marshall (Eds.), The juvenile sex offender (2nd ed., pp. 313-335). New York: Guilford. Thornton, D. (2002). Constructing and testing a framework for dynamic risk assessment. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14, (2), 139-153. Trowbridge, B. (n.d.). Does sex offender treatment work? Retrieved December 1, 2005. Walker, J. T., & Ervin-McLarty, G. (n.d.). Sex offenders in Arkansas: Characteristics of offenders and enforcement of sex offender laws. Little Rock, Arkansas: University of Arkansas at Little Rock and Arkansas Crime Information Center. Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2005). Involuntary commitment of sexually violent predators: Comparing state laws. Olympia, WA: Author. Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2005). Sex offender sentencing in Washington State: Has community notification reduced recidivism? Olympia, WA: Author. Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2005). Sex offender sentencing in Washington State: Measuring recidivism. Olympia, WA: Author. Washington State Institute for Public Policy. (2005). Sex offender sentencing in Washington State: Notification levels and recidivism. Olympia, WA: Author.

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