JOINING DATE

DATE: 27th JANUARY, 2012 Place: NYAY DARSHAN NIZAMPURA, VADODARA

On 27th January I arrived at the NGO at 10 oclock. We are the six students who join the NGO. We met Father P. D.Mathew, Director of the NGO. We had an introductory meeting with all the activities. Then we came to know about the purpose of NGO and planned a schedule of one month internships. The NGO works for the Human Rights.

Father had introduced with their staff. Mr. Patrick Christy of the NGO and had interviewed to know about the organization.

After that we left the NGO at 1pm.

INTRODUCTION

DATE: 28TH JANUARY, 2012

NYAY DARSHAN - Centre for Human Rights and Justice is a new initiative taken up by the Gujarat Province of the Jesuits. It is headed by P.D.Mathew S.J. who is a Jesuit priest of the Gujarat Province and lawyer by profession. This centre was started on 1st January 2007. Since it is a new venture, it is making efforts to broaden up its vision and mission. The main activities of this Institute includes Legal literacy campaign through schools, boardings, colleges, universities, formation houses, training centres of NGOS; Conducting pare-legal training courses for social animators; Publication of periodicals, leaflets on laws and legal issues; Legal counselling to affected people; Out of court settlement of cases; Dissemination of information service on laws, judgement and government welfare schemes; Organizing socially committed lawyers at district level to take up cases related to violations of human rights. These are the glimpse of the activities being carried out by NYAY DARSHAN. The Director and the Coordinator of the Centre are invited by various educational institution and NGOs as resource persons to conduct training courses on laws and Human Rights. We are also making efforts to form a group of lawyers to help us out in the cases pertaining to violations of human rights and injustice. We are in contact with them and have meeting and discussion on regular base. Many cases of family disputes, domestic violence, marriage disputes are referred to the centre. We help them out through the process of reconciliation.

The affected parties go back with peace of mind. This process prevents people from going to police stations and the courts. The centre is aware of the difficulties and hurdles poor people face in getting the benefits of the governments schemes and scholarships. There are many government schemes available, but people do not know about it. We, at the centre collect all the information of government schemes related to the weaker sections.

The monthly APANA ADHKAR (our rights) was being published by BSC, Ahmadabad, one of the Jesuit Social Institute of the Province till May, 2008. Now NYAY DARSHAN has taken up the responsibility of publishing it every month. This magazine provides news and views on current affairs on laws and judgments and government welfare schemes related to the weaker sections. There is a general belief that only lawyers and law students can understand or explain the different Acts. NGO publishing leaflets on various laws and human rights. There leaflets are printed in simple languages so that common people can understand their legal rights. These are printed in English and Gujarati languages and widely appreciated by people and NGOs. These leaflets are very much used as resources material.

OBJECTIVES OF THE ORGANIZATION

Objectives of our organization are mainly to promote human rights and justice to the weaker section of society,

To promote legal literacy through schools, colleagues, boarding, parishes and other educational institutions. To organize talks, discussions, seminars and workshops on legal issues affecting the poor To impart legal counselling to clients and to settle cases amicably To publish a monthly called APNA HAKKO and leaflets and booklets on various rights of the common people To make people aware of the various welfare schemes and the free legal aid schemes initiated by the central and state government To train social activities on various laws and welfare schemes To file litigation in different courts on behalf of the marginalized whose rights are violated

DATE: 29TH JANUARY, 2012

Today we came to NGO at 9:30 am and we had a brief discussion about the NGOs structure and an introduction of the staff members of the NGO. We were then left alone and we had an introduction among all the interns here. We were then given leaflets containing the different rights available under the Constitution of India and Indian Penal Code (IPC).

We were all given different topics. And we told that we had to study on the topics given by Father P. D.Mathew and would be having group discussions on the successive days.

So, we thereby had a discussion and left the NGO at 1pm.

DATE: 30TH JANUARY, 2012

Today we came to 9:30 am. As earlier disclosed in my report today we are going to have a group discussion. My topic was rights of children. Below is a brief summary of my discussion as on the day.

INTRODUCTION
Children are the greatest gift to humanity. They are the potential human resources for the progress of any society. It is the duty of state to create a proper atmosphere to develop them physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually.

THE GOAL OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

The goal of the constitution is to promote justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, and human dignity for all citizens including children. This is the stated in the preamble of the constitution.

EQUAL STATUS (article 14)

Every child born in India is an Indian citizen. Boys and girls have equal status in India under article 14. They have to be treated equally by the status.

DISCRIMINATION (article 15)

Discrimination here means distinguishing unfavourably from others. Article 15 of the constitution prohibits the state from making discrimination on the basis of gender.
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UNTOUCHABILITY (article 17)

Article 17 of the constitution prohibits untouchability. Its practice in any form is punishable under the protection of civil rights act, 1955.

RIGHT TO LIVE WITH HUMAN DIGNITY (article 21)

According to article 21 of the constitution the most important fundamental right of a child is the right to live with human dignity. This implies that children have the right to the basic amenities of life to grow as a dignified human being.

RIGHT AGAINST FORCED LABOUR (article 23)

Article 23 of the constitution prohibits trafficking of children and their forced labour.

SOPONSORSHIP PROGRAMME
The sponsorship programmes are made to provide supplementary support to juveniles, to children homes and to special homes to meet the medical, nutritional, educational and other needs of the children with a view to improving their quality of life.

RIGHTS OF UNBORN CHILDREN Right to birth Right to develop LEGAL ABORTION

1) HEALTH GROUND- when there is a danger to the life or risk to physical or mental health of the women 2) HUMANITARIAN GROUND- when pregnancy is caused as a result of sex crime or intercourse with a lunatic women, etc. and 3) ON EUGENIC GROUND- when there is a substantial risk that the child, if born, would suffer from deformities and disease.

RIGHT OF CHILDREN FOR JUSTICE, CARE AND PROTECTION

The Juvenile Justice (care and protection of children) act 2000.

OBJECTICE
To consolidate and amend the law relating to juvenile in conflict with law, and children in need of care and protection To provide for their proper care, protection and treatment by catering to their developmental needs and by adopting a child- friendly approach in To provide for their rehabilitation through various institutions established under this act

CHILD OFFENDER
When a child commits an offence (a crime) he/ she should be referred to a Juvenile Justice Board consisting of a Magistrate and two social workers (one should be a woman).

BAIL OF A CHILD-OFFENDER
When a child-offender accused of a bail able or non-bail able offence, is arrested or detained or appears, or is brought before a board he must be released on bail with or without surety.

INQUIRY BY THE BOARD REGARDING JUVENILE

A board should hold an inquiry within four months and make appropriate order when a child-offender is produced before it.

ORDER BY THE BOARD

To allow the child-offender to go home after giving advice or admonition To do community service To pay fine
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 To be released on probation of good conduct under the care of any parent guardian or other fit person or organization To stay in a reform-home

PUNISHMENT FOR GIVING INTOXICATING LIQUOR OR NARCOTIC DRUG Imprisonment up to 3 yrs and fine as a penalty.

We left the NGO at 1pm.

Date: 31th JANUARY, 2012

Today we came to NGO at 9:30 am. As earlier disclosed in my report today we are going to have a group discussion on the topic of human rights which was given to one of our teams. We all had a group discussion and cross questioning in the presence of Fr. P.D.Methew. Below is a brief summary of our discussion on the day.

HUMAN RIGHTS
All the state governments should take steps to strengthen their state Human Rights Commissions. Mere setting of the State Human Rights Commission will not serve any purpose, if they are not provided with sufficient manpower and infrastructure for their effective functioning. The states which do not have Human Rights Commission should also take steps to set up them at the earliest. The states governments need to appreciate that the Human Rights Commissions are meant to facilitate good governance. They are for the help of the administrative and the people of the country to achieve their social, cultural and economic rights. NHRC can assist in providing material and resource persons to the State Human Rights Commission for the training of their personnel in the area of human rights. It is hoped that the State Human Rights Commission will improve their Complaint Management System with the assistance of NHRC.

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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Article 1- Right to be equal in dignity Article 2- Right against discrimination Article 3- Right to Life & Liberty Article 4- Right against the Practice of Slavery Article 5- Right against Torture Article 6- Right to be recognized as a person Article 7- Right to equal protection of the law Article 8- Right to an Effective remedy Article 9- Right against arbitrary arrest Article 10- Right to a fair and Public Hearing Article 11- Right to be presumed Innocent until proved guilty Article 12- Right to privacy Article 13- Right to Freedom of Movement Article 14- Right to seek Asylum from Persecution Article 15- Right to Nationality Article 16- Right to Marry Article 17- Right to own Property Article 18- Right to Freedom of Religion Article 19- Right to Freedom of Opinion Article 20- Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association Article 21- Right to take part in the government Article 22- Right to Social Security

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Article 23- Right to Work Article 24- Right to Rest & Leisure Article 25- Right to a Standard of living Adequate for Health & Well-being Article 26- Right to Education Article 27- Right to participate in the Culture Life of the Community Article 28- Right Enjoy the Rights and Freedom of this Declaration Article 29-Everyone has duties to the community Article 30- Right to protect the rights declared in the above article

So, we thereby had a discussion on the following articles and left the NGO at 1pm.

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DATE: 1 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had a visit to Nari Saurkshan Gruh at Nizampura. I reached at 11am. Here is the brief description about the visit.

NARI SAURKSHAN GRUH

It is working for women, girls. In this NGO all facilities are provided by government. The total capacity of this NGO is 100. But on 1-2-2012, 52 girls and women were there. The strength would be fluctuating as per cases. There were separate room facilities for girls who were normal/sound. Unsound and mentally retired girls and women were kept at separate rooms. Many staff members are appointed there for the mentally retired girls and women. The campus was very neat and clean. We met with a madam who was appointed as medical trainer. Food, cloths, medical facilities etc. were provided by govt. There were very nice facilities for them. A separate big kitchen attached with dining hall was there. Foods which were provided are very healthy for the girls and women. They gave entry to street girls, orphan girls, and women. Those girls who wanted to study they admitted them to Nauyu School. They also provided transportation for school. Some persons who interested invest their money for the development of girls.

We left at 1pm.

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DATE: 2nd FEBRUARY, 2012

Today we came to NGO at 9.30 oclock. Today we had a visit of Registration Office of Birth, Death and Marriage and Taluka panchayat and Jilla panchayat. Firstly, we went to visit Registration Office of Birth, Death and Marriage at Badamdi baug. I came to know about what is the procedure for the registration. I got some information about the registration of the birth and death of the persons. For e.g. if person death in private hospital, should be register at their own or if persons death in government hospital, he got registration. And after that we went to visit Taluka panchayat and Jilla panchayat. I got good frame of reference by Sudhir V. Joshi, District health organizer. There are three layers. Firstly, Grampanchayat; Secondly, Taluka panchayat; Thirdly, Jilla panchayat. In Jilla panchayat, 1568 villages and 12 Talukas covered. 5 out of 12 taluka is under tribal area. Tribal areas are Sankheda, Kauvant, Nasvadi, Pavi-jetpur and chhota-udeypur. They held video conference every month at district level for smooth and better functions of government proceedings. There are 100 schemes for tribal areas which is recognized by government. Government gives grant of crores of rupees to every Jilla panchayat. Nowadays government keeps focus on some health issue also. Like, RSBY- Rastriya Shastri Bimal Yojna IAY- Indian Aavas Yojna BSY- Balika Samridhi Yojna

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Rajiv aarogyasri community health insurance schemes for BPL families..

OBJECTIVES:
To improve access of BPL families to quality medical care for treatment of diseases involving hospitalization and surgery through an identified network of health care providers. In the initial phase, the scheme would provide coverage for the following system; Heart Cancer Neurosurgery Renal diseases Burn Poly trauma cases (except cases covered under motor vehicle accidents.)

Thus, we ended our session here with very important information at 1pm.

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DATE: 3RD FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had a visit to the Family court with Jay Kumar (advocate) member of NAYA DARSHAN. I reached at 11am.

We had listened to many cases some brief of them are discussed below. We had a case regarding maintenance of wife after divorce. Husband did not give maintenance to his wife for 8 years. The judge gave 285 days of imprisonment to the husband. In another divorce case filed in 2006 and case regarding maintenance of wife and child in this case priory wife has file case under sec 125 but after that court has only approve her daughters share according to sec 331 so she then again file for own sac differently under section336 but procedure still going on because lack of proper evidence date has given further. At that day we got to know in one of the verdict judge has declare that whose maintenance has approve less than 10,000 she should get at least 500rs per month and in text slot who has approved till 50,000 she should get 1000 per month and above this limit should given 1500 per month as maintenance.

I left court at 1 pm.

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DATE: 4TH FEBRUARY, 2012 We came to NGO at 9:30 am and today we had discussion on the topic of Right to Information Act 2005. So here is a brief description of our discussion on the day.

Right to information
The act applies to all states and union territories of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir has its own act called Jammu and Kashmir Right to Information act 2009.

PASSED
This law was passed by parliament on 15 June 2005 and came fully into force on 13 Oct 2005.

IMPORTANCE To control corruption in administration To hold government and their agents accountable It is essential that citizens are given adequate information about their
functioning.

CONSTITUITONAL BASE
There are two constitutional guarantees on the basis of which this right was enacted and those are Fundamental Right to thing and express (article 19) and Right to live with human dignity (article 21).

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this law (ACT) are to ensure greater and more effective access to information.

PUBLIC AUTHORITY
Public authority means any authority or body or institution established by any government or its agencies (parliament, state legislature, and jurisdiction) and NGOs substantial funded by any government.
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DUTIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY To maintain all the public records duly categorized and indexed. They
must be computerized, if possible, to facilitate the right to information. To publish all information related to the organization, its functions and duties, the powers and duties of its officers and employees; the procedure followed in the decision making process; the norms set up by it for the discharge of its functions; its programmes and projects; categories of documents under its control; and important decisions which affect the public. The names, designations and others particulars of the public information officers.

REQUEST FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION

We make a request for obtaining information in writing or through electronic means. Such a request may be made in English or Hindi or in the official language of the area. The application must be accompanied by the prescribed fee. The application should be made to the Central Assistant Public Information Officer or the State Assistant Public Information Officer; or the Central Public Information Officer or State Public Information Officer of the concerned public authority.

DISPOSAL OF REQUEST
1) The admission or rejection of application should be made within 30 days. 2) When the information sought concerns the life or liberty of a person then the information should be provided within 48 hours of the receipt of the request.

PAYMENT OF FEES
1) When the information is to be provided in printed or any electronic format then the applicant must pay the prescribed fees. The fees charged must be reasonable.
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2) No fees will be charged from persons who are below poverty line (BPL) 3) If public authority fails to provide information within specific time limit then the applicant should be provided information free of charge

MEMBERS OF THE CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION

The chief information commissioner and about 10 Central Information Commission are the members.

EXEMPTION FROM DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION Information that lead to incitement of an offence Information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any
court of law Information received in confidence from foreign governments Information that would endanger the life or physical safety any person Information regarding the private life of an individual and which has no relationship to any public activity or interest Information that would affect the process of investigation or apprehension or prosecution of offenders Information adversely affecting the sovereignty, Integrity and the security of India, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State

We left the NGO at 1pm

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DATE: 6 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had a visit to the CONUMER FORUM. We reached at 11am. We saw many cases. Here is the brief description about consumer protection act and the rights of consumer.

CONSUMER PROTECTION
Consumer protection consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors and may provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves. Consumer protection laws are a form of government regulation which aims to protect the rights of consumers. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about productsparticularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of "consumer rights" (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of consumer organizations, which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace and get help with consumer complaints. Other organizations that promote consumer protection include government organizations and self-regulating business organizations such as consumer protection agencies and organizations, the Federal, ombudsmen, Better Business Bureaus, etc. A consumer is defined as someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing.[1] Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency, but this topic is treated in competition.

CONUMER LAW
Consumer protection law or consumer law is considered an area of law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers
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and the businesses that sell those goods and services. Consumer protection covers a wide range of topics, including but not necessarily limited to product liability, privacy rights, unfair business practices, fraud, misrepresentation, and other consumer/business interactions. Consumer protection laws deal with a wide range of issues including credit repair, debt repair, product safety, service and sales contracts, bill collector regulation, pricing, utility turnoffs, consolidation, personal that may lead to bankruptcy.

RIGHTS OF CONSUMER
1. The Right to Safety - to be protected against the marketing of goods which are hazardous to health or life. 2. The Right to Choose - to be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices: and in those industries where competition is not workable and Government regulation is substituted, an assurance of satisfactory quality and service at fair prices. 3. The Right to Information - to be protected against fraudulent, deceitful or grossly misleading information, advertising, labelling, or other practices and to be given the facts s/he needs to make an informed choice. 4. The Right to be heard - to be assured that consumer interests will receive full and sympathetic consideration in the formulation of Government policy, and fair and expeditious treatment in its administrative tribunals.

After that we left at 1pm.

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DATE: 7 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had visit to slum area situated in behind Fatehgunj. Here is the brief description on slum area.

INTRODUCTION
Slums are squalid sections of a city or town, areas in which most inhabitants are in or near poverty, stores and residences are cheap and dilapidated, and streets are narrow and blighted. Slums have been created in various locations; where they arise depends upon political and economic conditions in a community.

SLUM CONDITIONS AND CAUSES

Slums are usually the most stigmatized parts of a city or town (other areas carrying high social stigma, such as skid rows, red-light districts, and docks, often are located near slum neighbourhoods). In the mind of the general public, the disrepute and stigma of the slum area washes onto the people who frequent or inhabit it. When most people think of a slum they think of residents who deviate from the morals, norms, and standards of public decency held up by the wider conventional community (i.e., people involved in serious crime, drug and alcohol abuse, juvenile delinquency, gang violence). People also frequently invoke the concept of social disorganization to describe the slum; in other words, they see it as an area lacking the sociocultural institutions, order, coherence, and predictability found in more economically stable environments. Sociologists and anthropologists, however, paint a more nuanced picture of slum life. Research shows that a broad range of individuals and households live in slums, from the routineseekers and decent residents, who abide by the norms and values of the larger society, to the action-seekers and street folk, who are more likely to flout or reject those standards (Gangs 1962; Anderson 1999). Additionally, research on slums often highlights the ways in which ongoing life is organized rather than disorganized. Communication channels, interpersonal obligations, status symbols, local institutions, and public etiquette usually do exist in a slum, although these may be quite different from those of middle-class neighbourhoods in a city or suburb. As the literature on local community organizing in slum areas
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shows, outsiders often are surprised at how much potential or actual organization exists (e.g., in the form of leadership and engagement in local social networks) even in allegedly disorganized poor neighbourhoods. Having said this, one must not romanticize slums as bastions of salt-of-the-earth authenticity; all too often life in them is short and brutal, with miserable living conditions and wasted human potential. It is tempting to think that slums are an urban anomaly produced only when something goes terribly wrong in a city. However, the high prevalence of slums and the ease with which they grow suggests that their causes lie in conventional and institutionalized routines of business as usual. Urban space is stratified as the most powerful people or those with the greatest wealth occupy the most desirable parcels of land. In cities where land and housing are commodities, the most desirable land is expensive, and the worst locations (e.g., noisy, wet, polluted) are cheap. Early slums developed when people built crowded substandard housing on the cheapest land and rented it to poor households with earnings too low to allow them to live in better but more costly areas. Beyond that simple process, the creation of slums involves more subtle causes of concentrated poverty and property decline. By definition, cities and towns that have in their neighbourhoods a mixture of housing types and the full price range in housing, from cheapest to most expensive, are places that do not have highly concentrated poverty, since the poor can live dispersed in fairly close proximity to the non poor. Also by definition, places where only the affluent reside are places that have no concentrated poverty in them; although, by excluding the poor, such places may contribute to the concentration of poverty in other locales. For concentrated poverty to occur, the non-poor must have the desire and ability to distance themselves from the poor. This desire arises from several sources. One is the search for status (prestige and respectability); the poor are often perceived as uncouth, ignorant, or disreputable, and the non poor gain status by disassociating themselves from the poor. This is especially true if, as is often the case, the poor belong to a stigmatized racial or ethnic group. Ones address becomes a prestigious status symbol if one lives in an area reserved for the right kinds of people. Such class consciousness coupled with aversive racism creates a related motive for concentrated poverty: fear of declining property value and/or the desire for property value appreciation. When the poor and/or racial-ethnic minorities are seen as harmful threats to community health and stability (e.g., lowering the quality of schools, raising the crime rate, spreading disease, not keeping up their yards or homes), then attempts to exclude them are made, which if successful leaves them in areas of highly
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concentrated poverty. On the other hand, if efforts to exclude the poor are unsuccessful and some do enter a neighbourhood, then under certain conditions, a self-fulfilling vicious circle of out-movement and avoidance of the area by the affluent coupled with declining property values occurs, as affluent people refuse to pay top dollar for housing in or close to areas in which the undesirables live and instead move to other more secure, better locations.

CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
A slum is more than an area of concentrated poverty; it is an area of physical and social deterioration. Several mechanisms cause this deterioration. One is red-lining by financial and insurance institutions. Older areas with less affluent residents are perceived as not profitable enough for home or business loans and insurance coverage, which prevents the repair and improvement of dwellings and buildings. Inability to obtain insurance coverage makes it difficult or unwise for businesses or home owners to remain in red-lined neighbourhoods. Absentee landlords and speculators also play a role if they are unwilling or unable to properly maintain properties and instead extract from their buildings maximum rent while investing the minimum in upkeep, until they become dilapidated or uninhabitable. Boarded up or semi-abandoned buildings get used by transients or for drug use and become the objects of arson (for insurance money or kicks), and a broken windows phenomena may emerge as residents or outsiders commit further damage and criminal acts because they see nothing to restrain destructive impulses (Wilson and Kelling 1982). Outsiders dump garbage in the neighbourhood, crime increases, and most people who seek to better themselves leave the area if they are able.

We left at 1pm.

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DATE: 8th FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topic of rights of minorities. So here is a brief description of our discussion on the day:

The Scheduled Caste and the Schedule Tribes (prevention of Atrocities) Act
The special protection given to the schedule castes, schedule tribes and backward classes under the constitution Scheduled caste means such castes, races or tribes or part of, or group within such castes, races or tribes as are deemed under article 341 to be schedule caste of constitution. Article 366(25) defined schedule tribes as (ST) STS are such tribes or tribal communities or part of tribal communities or parts or groups within such tribes or tribal communities as are deemed under article 342 to be schedule tribes for purpose of constitution An act to prevent the commission of offences of atrocities against the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribes, to provide for Special Courts for the trial of such offences Sec. 2 (a) atrocity means an offence punishable under Sec 3. Sec. 3 whoever not being a member of a Scheduled caste or Scheduled tribes (i) Forces a member of a Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes (hereinafter referred to as SC & ST) to drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance; Acts with intent to cause injury, insult or annoyance to any Forcibly removes clothes from the person of a member of SC & ST by dumping excreta, waste matter, carcasses, or any other obnoxious substance in his premises or neighbourhood; Intentionally insults or intimidates with intent to humiliate a member of a SC or ST in any place within public view.. Shall be punishable

(ii) (iii)

(x)

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with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six months but which may extent to five years.. (2) (I) Whoever not being a member of SC or STGives or fabricates evidence intending thereby to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will thereby cause, any member of SC & ST to be convicted of an offence which is capital by the law for the time being in force shall be punished with imprisonment for life; and if any innocent member of a SC & ST be convicted in consequence of such false or fabricated evidence, the person who gives or fabricates such false evidence shall be punished with death.

Sec 14 Special courts for the purpose of providing for speedy trial, the state government may constitution a special court to try the offences in this Act.

Sec 21. Duty of the government to take adequate measures to implement the Act (i) The government shall provide adequate facilities, including legal aid, to the persons subjected to atrocities to enable them to avail themselves of justice;

(iii)The provision for the economic and social rehabilitation of the victims of the atrocities

So, I thereby had a discussion on the above articles and left the NGO at 1pm.

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DATE: 9th FEBRUARY, 2012

Today, I came to NGO at 9:30 am . We had a visit to KUBER BHAVAN at kothi char rasta. In KUBER BHAVAN, there are total nine floors. In different floor there are consider various type of work. Such as, Sales tax work; District Assistant Examiner like, Local fund accounts; Registered Office (In Registered Office they are consider property registration like, land , buildings, etc); Executive Engineer and Irrigation Work; Auditors offices and Consumer office; Senior Geologists office (Its work for the finding Earths structure of its land, surface and origins); Minor Exploration Centre (Its work the find out oil, minerals, etc); Town Planning and Valuation Department Office of the Senior town planner; Woman Police Station (L.C.B- Local Crime Branch, L.I.B- Local Intelligence Branch work for protections and pass porting).

We met one clerk over there. He talked about these many activities running there. Kuber bhavan is a very important place for registration of various things. It is the heart of the city.

We ended our session at sharp 1pm.

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DATE: 10 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had visit to labour court. Here is the brief description about the Labour Court.

LABOUR COURT The Labour Court was established under the Industrial Relations Act 1946, and the provisions relevant to the Court were subsequently amended in the Industrial Relations Acts of 1969, 1976 and 1990. The Court also has functions under the Anti-Discrimination (Pay) Act 1974, the Employment Equality Act 1977 and the Pensions Act 1990.

The main functions of the Court are the following: (a) To investigate trade disputes and make recommendations for their settlement; (b) To make determinations on appeals from Equality Officers in discrimination cases (or to hear cases directly where the complainant is challenging a dismissal); (c) To decide on appeals against recommendations of Rights Commissioners; (d) To establish Joint Labour Committees and make employment regulation orders as submitted by such bodies; and (e) To register and vary certain employment agreements.

The Court consists of a Chairman, two deputy chairmen and six ordinary members, all of whom are appointed by the Minister for Enterprise and Employment; the six ordinary members are
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nominated by employers' associations and trade unions . The Court sits in three divisions, although occasionally it sits as a Full Court. The Labour Court has, since its establishment, played an important role in Irish industrial relations. It has enjoyed a high profile, with well-publicised activities often involving intervention in disputes of great public interest. This has occasionally presented the Court with problems, in particular at times when one or the other of the social partners felt that the Court was being put under pressure by the Government to take more note of economic policy in its decisions, but overall the Court has enjoyed a high level of public confidence and has carried out its resolution functions with some success. The choice of the Court to exercise the role of making determinations in discrimination cases was perhaps an unusual one for a body mainly charged otherwise with the task of collective dispute resolution. Initially it was felt by some interested parties that this role should be transferred to the Employment Appeals Tribunal, but this view is not now often expressed.

After that we left at 1pm.

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DATE: 11 FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topic of rights of wife and children for maintenance. So here is a brief description of our discussion on the day:

RIGHTS FOR MAINTENANCE

Every women and children have the rights for maintenance. Sections 125 to 128 (chapter 1X) of the code of criminal procedure, 1973 deals with the rights for maintenance.

OBJECTIVES
To promote social justice To protect women, children and old and infirm poor parents according to the constitutional goals To help a man to perform his duties to maintain his wife, children and parents so long as they are unable to maintain themselves.

RIGHTS OF WIFE
Q. Who has the legal duty to maintain a legally married woman who is unable to maintain herself? A. Her husband, if he has sufficient means. Q. Can a wife who has sufficient economic means claim maintenance from her husband? A. No.

RIGHTS OF CHILDREN
Q. Which children can claim maintenance from their fathers? A. Every minor child whether legitimate or illegitimate; unmarried child, if he/she is unable to maintain himself/herself; every child (legitimate or

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illegitimate who has attained majority but is unable to maintain itself due to any physical or mental abnormality or injury.

PROOF
Q. What is to be proved by a wife to get maintenance from her husband? A. The proof of a valid marriage (marriage certificate); that she has no means to maintain herself; that he has sufficient means to maintain himself (proof of his job and salary); that she was neglected by her husband or that he refused to maintain her. Q. What is to be proved to get maintenance for a child from his father? A. Birth certificate of the child; proof of paternity (fatherhood) of the child; that childs father has sufficient means to maintain himself; that the child was neglected by its father or he refused to maintain the child.

RATE OF MAINTENANCE
Q. How much money can be ordered by the Magistrate for maintenance? A. A monthly rate as such as the Magistrate thinks fit. The amount may also depend on the economic (financial state) capacity of the husband or the father

of the child. NO RIGHT FOR MAINTENANCE

Q. When is a wife not entitled to receive any maintenance from her husband? A. When she lives in adultery; when she refuses to live with her husband without sufficient reason; when they are living separately by mutual consent. Q. What are the just grounds for the wifes refusal to live with her husband and yet to demand maintenance? A. Impotency of the husband; inability of the husband to discharge his martial obligations; physical and mental cruelty; persistent demands for dowry; unreasonable threats; 1ll-treatment by husband; apprehension (fear) of the wife that her life is not safe in the company of her husband.
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RIGHT OF A DIVORCED WIFE

Q. Has a divorced wife a right to claim maintenance allowance? A. Yes. Divorced wifes right to maintenance continues unless the parties make adjustments and come to terms regarding the amount or the right to maintenance.

NATURE OF RELIEF
Q. What is the nature of relief sought under these sections? A. Under these sections relief to be given is of a civil nature. But the criminal procedure is applied for the purpose of summary and speedy trial in the interest of society so that a helpless wife and children are not left on road. Q. Which court has the jurisdiction to decide questions related to guardianship, custody and paternity of a child? A. A civil court

CLAIM FOR MAINTENANCE BY A MUSLIM WIFE

Q. Is a woman obtaining a degree for dissolution of marriage (under dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act) a wife within the meaning of section 125(1) of the Code? A. Yes. Q. Has she a right to claim maintenance? A. Yes.

RIGHT OF A MUSLIM SECOND WIFE

Q. Can a Muslim second wife claim maintenance on the ground that her husband has a first wife? A. Yes.

We left the NGO at 1pm.

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DATE: 13 FEBRUARY 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topic of rights of workman for Minimum Wage. So here is a brief description of our discussion on the day:

LAW ON MINIMUM WAGE

Q. What is the name of the law that fixes the minimum wage for a workman? A. the Minimum Wage act, 1948 Q. Who was enacted this law? A. The Central Government in 1948. Q. To which states in India does this act apply? A. This act is applicable to all the states in India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

AIM OF THE ACT

This act was enacted with the object of doing social justice to work to workmen, who are employed in certain unorganized employed in certain unorganized employments in order to protect them from exploitation by employers.

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY Living wages etc. for workers (Article 43)
The state shall endeavour to secure, by suitable legislation or economic schemes, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure, and social and cultural opportunities.
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EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK (ARTICLE 39 (d))

It is the duty of the state to direct its policy towards securing that there is equal work for both men and women. Equal pay for equal work is given to those who are equally placed in all respect.

MINIMUM WAGES
Minimum wage does not mean wage for the bare sustenance of life and to stay above starvation. It means a reasonable or adequate wage that would ensure not only the sustenance of the employee and his family but adequate to preserve his efficiency as a worker. This would include his medical needs, proper leisure and a decent standard of life.

CONCEPT OF MINIMUM WAGES

Normally wages would include all remuneration which can be converted into moneys worth including any house rent allowance that may be paid. THE FOLLOWING IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE WAGES 1. The value of any; A. House accommodation, supply of light, water, medical attendance, or B. Any other amenity or service, specially excluded by the government 2. Any contribution made by the employer to any pension fund or provident fund or under any scheme or social insurance 3. Any T.A or the value of any travelling concession

OVERTIME WORK
Any employee who works beyond normal working hours, will be paid for every hour of extra work at a special rate know as the overtime rate, which shall be fixed by the appropriate government.

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DECISION ON CLAIM PETITIONS

The affected employees may either make individual/separate petitions before the officer appointed by the appropriate government when such claims may arisea) Out of payment less than the minimum wages by the employer; b) Or in respect of fixation of the normal working day and overtime rate or payment relating to the rest day.

OFFENCES BY THE COMPANY

Whenever a company is found guilty of any violation of the act then every person who is in-charge of the company for conducting the business will be punished.

ROLE OF INSPECTORS
They have to do their duties imposed by the act. They must commit themselves to the welfare of the poor workers. They must not use the law as an instrument for self gain.

ROLE OF TRADE UNIONS 1. Trade union must support the workers for collective bargaining to
demand their rights

2. Workers must be helped to unionise themselves in geographical areas

close to their workplace

3. They must make the workers aware of their rights under this act and
other relevant laws.

After the discussion we left the NGO at 1pm.

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DATE: 14 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had visit to Fast track Court. Here the brief note on the scheme of the Fast Track Court.

BRIEF NOTE ON THE SCHEME FAST TRACK COURTS

1. The eleventh Finance Commission recommended a scheme for creation of 1734. Fast Track Courts in the country for disposal of long pending Sessions and other cases. The Ministry of Finance sanctioned an amount of Rs. 502.90 crores as special problem and up gradation grant for judicial administration. The scheme was for a period of 5 years. The Finance Commission Division (FCD), Ministry of Finance released funds directly to the state Governments under the scheme of Fast Track Courts. It is the primary responsibility of the State Governments to establish these courts in consultation with the concerned High Courts.

2. The FTCs were established to expeditiously dispose of long pending cases in the Sessions Courts and long pending cases of under trial prisoners.

3. The term of scheme on the Fast Track Courts which were recommended by the Eleventh Finance Commission ended on 31st march, 2005. The Supreme Court, which is monitoring the functioning of Fast Track Courts through the case of Brij Mohan Lal Vs UOI & Ors observed that the scheme of Fast Track Courts should not be disbanded all of a sudden and in its order dated 31st march, 2005, directed the Union of India to continue the Fast Track Courts.

4. The Government accorded its approval for the continuation of 1562 Fast Track Courts that were operational as on 31.3.2005 for a further
36

period of 5 years i.e. up to 31stMarch, 2010 with a provision of Rs. 509 crores as a 100 per cent central assistance. The Department of Justice is monitoring the scheme. These FTCs have disposed of 21.16 lakh cases out of the 28.84 lakh cases transferred to them so far.

5. This Department has requested State Govts and the High Courts to earmark atleast one FTC in each District to exclusively deal with cases involving senior citizens, abuse of women and the disabled.

6. The Central assistance under the above said scheme is limited to an approved norm i.e. Rs. 4.80 lakh per court per annum (recurring) and Rs. 8.60 lakh (non-recurring). Any expenditure incurred by the State in excess as recurring and /or non-recurring expenditure would have to be borne by the State Government. During the financial year 2005-06, an amount of Rs. 100.00 crore has been released to the States (Annex-I). During the financial year 2006-07, an amount of Rs. 102.93 crore was released to the State Governments (Annex-II). During the year 2007-08, an amount of Rs. 57.20 crore was released (Annex-III).

7. A statement indicating the number of Fast Track Courts established and the cases transferred to them and disposed of is attached as Annexure-IV.

After that we left at 1pm.

37

DATE: 15 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had visit to blind school which is situated in Nizampura. We met with the co-ordinator. He gave brief description about the blind school.

BLIND SCHOOL
Blind school offers free education to blind students from Kindergarten to Post-Graduation. The training imparted includes reading and writing through Braille and Mobility Training for the totally blind children. Pre-school age students with the single disability of blindness are trained early on, in order to prepare them for their eventual completion of school, college and vocational education. The school also offers free accommodation for its students. The school also extends its services to normal but destitute children also. The school has an integrated approach wherein the both sighted and blind children live and study in the same environment, which gives a boost and emotional moral support to the blind children that they are not left out. Also by admitting able bodied (but underprivileged) students, the school creates a unique atmosphere for the disabled students in which they can mingle, interact and help each other. This helps develop their social skills and confidence.

After visiting we left at 1pm.

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DATE: 16 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today I had attended the cases in LOK ADALAT. I really liked the concept of LOK ADALAT which held at every 3rd Thursday of a month in NAYA DARSHAN. Here is brief description on LOK ADALAT.

Lok Adalat is a system of alternative dispute resolution developed in India. It roughly means "People's court". India has had a long history of resolving disputes through the mediation of village elders. The system of Lok Adalats is an improvement and is based on the principles of Mahatma Gandhi. Lok Adalat is a non-adversarial system, whereby mock courts (called Lok Adalats) are held by the State Authority, District Authority, Supreme Court Legal Services Committee, High Court Legal Services Committee, or Taluk Legal Services Committee. They are held periodically for exercising such jurisdiction as they determine. These are usually presided over by retired judges, social activists, or other members of the legal profession. The Lok Adalats can deal with all Civil Cases, Matrimonial Disputes, Land Disputes, Partition/Property Disputes, Labour Disputes etc., and compoundable criminal Cases.

FUNCTION
It operates on the principle that a compromise or reconciliation in legal disputes brings better and speedier results and it leads to happy and healthy relationship between the parties.

OBJECTIVE
It is the resolution of peoples disputes which are pending in the courts through discussion, counselling, persuasion and conciliation. This process results in speedy and cheap dispensation of justice with mutual and free consent of the parties. It is an appropriate and well know method of participatory justice.
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BENEFITS
It can provide justice without much delay and cost to the socially and economically backward people It can infuse the spirit of unity, amity and peace among the parties of litigation, It saves the litigants from anxiety, bitterness, expenses related to court fees, lawyers fees and protected litigation.

IMPORTANCE
Cases in different courts in India are increasing at an alarming high rate. Huge backlogs are getting accumulated and decision by the courts is delayed unnecessarily. Then the litigants lose faith in the efficacy of law and effectiveness of the courts. Therefore, Lok Adalat is proposed as a speedy alternatives disputes resolution forum. Through adequate use of it, it is expected to an inexpensive manner so that heavy pressure on judicial time would be reduced and effective remedy could be given to the litigants.

POWERS OF LOK ADALAT

For this purpose it has the same powers of a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 while trying a suit in respect of the following matters, namelya) The summoning and enforcing the attendance of any witnesses and examining him on oath; b) The discovery and production of any document; c) Accepting evidence on affidavits; d) The requisitioning of any public record or document or copy of such record or document from any court or office; and e) Other matters prescribed by rules.

After that we left at 1pm.

40

DATE: 17th FEBRUARY, 2012 Today I reached at 9.25am. We met Patrict sir. Then we met father methew. He asked about our schedule. Today our plan was to go to Narmada Bhavan, citys most important place for all work related with government. It is situated at Jail Road. There are 8 floors. We have gone through some of the floors which were useful to us in our field of law. The main activities are schemes for disabled, employment scheme, scheme for poor people, registration office of voter ID card, LAND REVENUE DISPUTES and all other government programmers are being covered here. Some of the hints are given below.

We went to jan seva kendra at ground floor. It is for domicile certificate, certificates of senior citizenship, obc, affidavits etc. We can get revenue records. Its owned by bhavanlal gaud and other partners.

In this floor there is e dhara kendra. There is also office for disable people. In that there is so many benefits are provided e.g. Cycle, scholarship etc.

There is an office for urban areas activities. These activities are registration for voter ID card, records of property which are manually not computerized etc.

This floor is for activities for the development of sports and also for encouragement players in Baroda. Schemes which are conducted here is for encouragement to sports department.

There is an office for employment registration. We got to know about various schemes e.g. ummid, gks, rojgar talim kendra etc. Here 1 can get

41

registered himself enrollment is done here. When there vacancies, govt. filled through there enrollment. We met Mr. Vaghela, a deputy collector. In front of his office we found mamlatdar. We could not meet her .Here we got to know about activities like documents related to land revenue disputes and rural activities etc Anti corruption bureau is here. It deals with matters relating to bribe and corruption. They keep watch in activities of government department for surety of anti corruption activities.

After visiting we left at 1 pm.

42

DATE: 18 FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topics. My topics were judicial system in India. So here is a brief description of my discussion on the day:

JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN INDIA

Division of courts -Higher and the lower judiciary

HIGHER JUDICIARY
Higher judiciary consists of the Supreme Court and Higher Courts. They are established and regulated by the Constitution of India.

LOWER JUDICIARY
Lower judiciary consists of the ordinary civil and criminal courts. Criminal Courts structured under the central act-Code of Procedure, 1973.

TRIBUNALS
Tribunals are semi-courts dealing with specific subjects like tax, education, compensation for accidents, service matters etc.

The law regulating the Indian judicial system

The constitution of India The civil courts act in force in each state The code of criminal procedure, 1973 Special or local laws to create special courts Courts structured: General aspects

COURTS OF SMALL CAUSES They are constituted under separate laws

43

 They are vested with jurisdiction to deal with claims for small amount
(mostly monetary claims) Their procedure is summary (informal). The record of the case is brief and the judgement concise Usually there is no appeal against their judgement Combination of civil and criminal jurisdiction

COURT OF RENT CONTROLLERS

There is a separate court to deal with disputes related to rent between landlords and tenant. In many states rent controllers are constituted under the rent control act. This court deals with disputes about the quantum of rent, eviction of the tenant and other connected matters.

CRIMINAL COURTS
These are the criminal courts constituted under the code of criminal procedure, 1973: The court of session The court of the chief metropolitan magistrate in metropolitan areas and the court of the chief judicial magistrate (outside metropolitan areas) Courts of the judicial magistrate of the first class (judicial metropolitan magistrate first class-in metropolitan areas) Courts of executive magistrate headed by the district magistrate.

FAMILY COURTS
Family courts are constituted under the Family Courts Act, 1984. It deals with matrimonial cases, proceedings for maintenance and other matters concerning family.

CONSUMER COURTS
Consumer courts are established under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
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COURTS OF SESSION
It is the highest criminal court of original jurisdiction at the district level. In some big cities, the city as a unit has been declared as a session division. For each such city (e.g. Ahmadabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai) there is a Court of Session for the city.

HIGH COURTS
A High Court consists of a chief justice and other justices (judges).

POWERS OF A HIGH COURTS Power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for
other purposes Power to hear appeals from criminal and civil courts Power to supervise all courts and judicial authorities in the state Power to confirm in all cases where the court of session has passed a sentence of death

POWERS OF THE SUPREME COURT Power to decide legal disputes between the Union and the States, or
between the States Power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights Power to interpret the constitutional validity of judgement passed by high courts Power to give advice on a constitutional question referred to the supreme courts by the president Power to decide the election disputes in president and vice-president election

PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION (P.I.L)

It is a legal proceeding filed in the high court or the Supreme Court to enforce the fundamental rights of weaker sections or common people. After discussion we left NGO at 1 pm.

45

DATE: 20 FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topics. My topics were Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS). So here is a brief description of my discussion on the day:

INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SCHEME

It was started in India 1975.

OBJECTIVES
To lay the foundation for proper psychological development of the child To improve nutritional and health status of children 0-6 years. To reduce incidence of morbidity, mortality, malnutrition and school drop-outs To enhance the capability of the mother and family to look after the health, nutritional and development needs of the child To achieve effective coordination of policy and implementation among various department to promote child development

IMPORTANCE
It is important because it is the only government programme in the country that caters to the nutrition and other health, immunization and early educational needs of children.

FOOD ALLOTMENT
CHILDREN UPTO 6YEARS 300 calories and 8-10 grams of protein per day ADOLESCENT GIRLS 500 calories and 20-25 grams of protein per day PREGNANT and NURSING MOTHERS 500 calories and 20-25 grams of protein per day and per head for 300 days in a year

46

ADDITIONAL SERVICES
The additional services available for the children development are: Supplementary nutrition: for children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls. Growth monitoring and promotion- weighing and recording the growth of children under 6 Nutrition and health education: for the women in the group of 15 to 45. Immunization: support to ANM, awareness generation among the parents etc. Referral services: taking severely malnourished and ill children to the public health services. Pre-school education: for the children fewer than 6, so that they can join the school based system smoothly.

COMPLAINTS
For not supplying the supplement nutrition For not weighing children regularly For not providing health checkups camps in the AWC For not providing any referral services in the AWC For the ANM not visiting the AWC regularly for immunization For death of children in the village due to malnutrition For not providing any pre-school education in AWC

GRIVANCES
Complaints can be made to the District Collector, District Project Officers, Director of ICDS etc.

We left the NGO at 1 pm.

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DATE: 21 FEBRUARY, 2012

Today we had visit to Juvenile home and Boys observation home. We reached there at 11am. We met with Seema Yadav mam (Co-ordinator of bal-gokulam) and they allow visiting there. We met with children and we saw the campus of boys observation home. There are various facilities are provided to the children. So here is a brief description about boys observation home and Bal Gokulam.

HISTORY AND SCOPE

Baroda District Probation and Aftercare Association was formed in the year of 1949 by the first founder president Late Shri Bhailalbhai Contractor. Since then his association is managing Boys Observation Home, Girls Welfare home and Foster Parents Scheme. Association provides shelter, food and clothings to the children, who are less fortunate to have their parents. Juvenile Justice board also sends their temporary detain children for custody. This association trains them for personal hygiene and basic social behaviours, gives former education, also technical and vocational training for their rehabilitation in the society with the dignity as good a citizen without anyones help. Home takes care to celebrate all national and religious festivals by help of many other social groups. Expenditure reimburse by the state government and by the help of the humble donors and NGOs.

PROJECT LOCATION AND SITE

This project is proposed on existing buildings used for the same purpose of boys observation home. Those building aged more than 100 year. Authority decided to demolish this old structure and to construct this presented proposed project. Bhutadi Zampa Maidan is local name of the big playground kept open by local authorities. This ground is just across the road from subject site. Site has very prominent location surrounded by all 3 sides by main city roads. The area is
48

predominant residential area. Local shopping centres, banks, petrol pump, well-know schools in its vicinity.

BUILDING USES AND FACILITIES

Purpose of the complex is to provide a shelter to minor childrens. Dormitories are the main residential facilities with drinking water and toilets for their personal hygiene as well as facility of washing their own belongings. Lodging always goes with the building, dining hall, kitchen, preparation, store and washing area is to be very nearby and reachable. These boys are of different age group may be from 5 to 18 years. Mostly their circumstances keep them away from formal education. Class rooms are for formal learning. Workshop for practical knowledge and vocational training are provided. Additional rooms for teachers and instructors, study centres. Dining hall can be converting into entertainment hall with TV and Audio-video systems. Boys can play their own dramas and dances. Administrative block consisting of office, visitors, lounge, Juvenile Court Room, 24 Hour Help Line Room, Doctor Room and clinic are there. Superintendent/staff Quarters for those whose service are required for 24 hours a day.

Thus, we ended our session here with very important information at 1pm.

49

DATE: 22nd FEBRUARY 2012

Today I came to NGO at 9:30 am. As earlier disclosed in my report, we studied different leaflets which were given to us. Today we are going to visit Police Bhavan. Brief summary of our visit is as bellow.

At 11 oclock we reached at Police Bhavan. Then we asked for permission to meet The Police Commissioner, but he was not there. So we met DCP Crime Branch Mr. Ashok Kumar, he is IPS OFFICER of Baroda. He gave us good response. He asked us some questions which were related to Indian Penal Code.

Then he informed us about police mans duty towards society. He discussed regarding traffic rules in the city. He also told that Gujarat is a very safe state as compare to other state. In Gujarat, there are no strict provisions and implications of traffic rules. Helmet is also not compulsory in Gujarat. He also discussed that in Gujarat there is very less police mans power. In Vadodara there are approx 2000 police man only. Then he told that as a when population increased, crime should be increased. If it is not increased then there is some difficulty in implications of Law and Rules. He also discussed various rules and regulations of other state.

So, we left from there.

50

DATE: 23 FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topics. My topics were Rights of Senior Citizens. So here is a brief description of my discussion on the day:

RIGHTS OF SENIOR CITIZENS

Senior citizens are the assets of todays generation. A person is said to be Senior citizen in India if he/she has completed the age of 60 years. They have worked hard all these years for the development of the nation as well as the community. They possess a vast experience in different walks of life. The youth of today can gain from the experience of the senior citizens in taking the nation to greater heights. Now its our duty to keep them happy. At this age of their life, they need to be taken care of and made to feel special. To keep this view in mind, Indian Government provides several benefits through its schemes in various sectors of development. So, here is the list of facilities and rights given to the senior citizen by the government.

Health care:

Cardiac problems, diabetics, kidney problems, blood pressure, joints problems and eye problems are the most common disease from which senior citizen suffers. Many government as well as private hospitals provide concession to the senior citizen according to the programme. However, there is a provision for separate queue and reservations of beds for the older patient for hospitals and nursing homes. Government Hospitals are a good guarantee of the right diagnosis plus they are much cheaper than private hospitals for the senior citizens. Assistance like wheel chair/trolleys are also provides most of the hospitals in India to the senior citizens. There are also specialty clinic for senior citizen which are also open on Sunday or other holidays.

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Travel: By railways

Indian railways provide 30% concession in the fare to all its senior citizens who are at the age of 60 or above, while the women aged 60 or above are entitled to the concession of 50% in their fare. For this, they have to carry their age proof with photo id card/certificate of date of birth while travelling. There is also a provision of lower berth to the senior citizen and pregnant ladies. There are also separate counters for the senior citizen to book or cancel the tickets and to avoid the rush.

By air
Travel by air has become one of the most convenient ways of travelling. It saves time as well as it is easy for senior citizens to reach the destination fast.

Indian airlines provide 50% concession on its economy class to all its senior passengers subject to certain terms and conditions. Air India provides 45 % discount on its economy class foe its domestic sector senior passengers. Other airlines also provide the concessions to its senior passengers. Flight staff checks that first time flyers are aware of boarding procedures and have a comfortable flight. Senior citizens in wheelchairs are allowed to board the plane first.

Banking:
If we talk about the banking facility provide by the Indian government to its senior citizen, so here also there are many provisions such as:

Indian government gives high rate of interest to its senior citizen on certain saving scheme which are run by the post offices and other private bank Some bank like State Bank of India charge only 50% of the applicable prescribed charges on the service like issue of duplicate pass book, issue of duplicate bank statement, Stop payments instructions, issue of cheque book etc. Minimum balance requirement for this class of customer is also 50 % from others.

We left at 1 pm.
52

DATE: 24 FEBRUARY, 2012 Today I had a visit at the LAL-COURT. I reached there at 11 am. Baroda is a district having two major courts i.e. Red Court and sessions Court. The Red Court has authority to solve the cases of short term basis under the authority to solve cases of long term basis under the authority of session Magistrate.

We listened to various cases among which one of them is briefly narrated hereby:A person had been accused of using abusive words and distributing the peace and harmony of the society. He was found guilty under Section 504 and he was given a punishment of 2 years and a fine of Rs. 5000. For the declaration of the judgement up to three years and Rs. 5000 the discretionary powers are given to the First Class Magistrate.

I attended the court proceeding till the recess at 2pm and then left.

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DATE: 25 FEBRUARY, 2012

I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had discussion on the topics. My topics were MID DAY MEAL SCHEME. So here is a brief description of my discussion on the day:

MIDDAY MEAL SCHEME

The Midday Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India which started in the 1960s. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children on all working days. The key objectives of the programme are: protecting children from classroom hunger, increasing school enrolment and attendance, improved socialisation among children belonging to all castes, addressing malnutrition, and social empowerment through provision of employment to women. The scheme has a long history, especially in the state of Tamil Nadu introduced state-wide by the then Chief Minister K. Kama raj in 1960s and later expanded by M. G. Ramachandran government in 1982 has been adopted by most of the states in India after a landmark direction by the Supreme Court of India on November 28, 2001.[1] The success of this scheme is illustrated by the tremendous increase in the school participation and completion rates in Tamil Nadu.

HISTORY
One of the pioneers of the scheme is the Madras that started providing cooked meals to children in corporation schools in the Madras city in 1923. The programme was introduced in a large scale, in 1960s under the Chief Minister ship of K. Kama raj after visiting Sourashtra Higher Secondary School Madurai, were this program implemented by linguistic minority people since 1922. The first major thrust came in 1982 when Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. M. G. Ramachandran, decided to universalise the scheme for all children up to class 10. Tamil Nadus midday meal programme is among the best known in the country. Less known, but equally interesting is the history of Pondicherry, which started universal school feeding as early as 1930.

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There is an interesting story about how K. Kama raj got the idea of a noon meal scheme. He saw a few boys busy with their cows and goats. He asked one small boy, "What are you doing with these cows? Why didn't you go to school?" The boy immediately answered, "If I go to school, will you give me food to eat? I can learn only if I eat." The boy's retort sparked the entire process into establishing the midday meal programme. Several other states of India also have programmes. The most notable among them is Gujarat that has had it since the late 1980s. Kerala started providing cooked meals in schools since 1995 and so did Madhya Pradesh and Orissa in small pockets. On November 28, 2001 the Supreme Court of India gave a landmark direction to government to provide cooked meals to all children in all government and government assisted primary schools. The direction was resisted vigorously by State governments initially, but the programme has become almost universal by 2005. Specific orders issued by the Supreme Courts

Provide every child in every government and government assisted

Primary school with a prepared mid day meal with a minimum content of 450 calories and 12 grams of protein on each day of school for minimum of 200 days

Preference should be given to dalits, SC and ST in appointment of

cooks and helpers

Midday meal should be provided in drought affected areas during

summer vacations

Government of India shall make provision for construction of

kitchen sheds in every school

Government should ensure good infrastructure, safe drinking water

and quality of meal

There should be joint quality monitoring by the gram Sabah and

school management and village education committee

Meal should be provided without any cost and contribution These guidelines to have state-specific details of implementation
of the Scheme, arrangements. We left at 1pm.
55

including

administrative

and

logistical

DATE: 27 FEBRUARY, 2012 I came to NGO at 9:30am and today we had a last discussion on the topics. My topics were RIGHTS OF WOMEN. So here is a brief description of my discussion on the day:

RIGHTS OF WOMEN
The National Commission for Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the rights and legal entitlements of women. "The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the Constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of Panchayats and Municipalities for women, laying a strong foundation for their participation in decision making at the local levels." In India gender disparity is found everywhere. The declining ratio of the female population, in the last few decades is a proof of this. The stereotypical image of a woman haunts her everywhere. Domestic violence is commonplace. The underlying causes of gender inequality are related to the socio-economic framework of India. As a result, the women belonging to the weaker sections of the society i.e. the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes/ Other backward Classes and minorities, do not have easy access to education, health and other productive resources. Therefore, they remain largely marginalized, poor and socially isolated. The following are some of the provisions made in favour of women, in our constitution: Article 14 in the Indian Constitution ensures equality in political, economic and social spheres. Article 16 provides for equality of opportunities in matters of public appointment for all citizens. Article 15 prohibits discrimination against any citizen on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex etc. There are certain places of worship in South India where women are not allowed entry. Article 39(a) mentions that the State will direct its policies towards securing all citizens, men and women, the right to
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means of livelihood while Article 39 (c) ensures equal pay for equal work. Article 42 directs the State to ensure just and humane working conditions. The constitution imposes a fundamental duty on every citizen through Article 15 (A) (e) to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. Another law that protects women against a seemingly milder crime is Section 509 of the IPC. This law punishes individuals who have insulted the modesty of a woman. Offensive language, sounds, gestures and intrusion of a woman's privacy are punishable under this law. Outraging the modesty of a woman is also punishable under Section 354 of the IPC. Under this law, an individual who has assaulted a woman, used criminal force on her or outraged her modesty in any other way can be punished with imprisonment of up to 2 years. Policemen are often found mouthing obscenities, glaring and passing bawdy remarks on women, not only on the roads, but also inside the police station. Laws such as the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, Sati Prevention Act, Dowry Prohibition Act and Indecent Representation of Women (Prevention) Act protect women from the more "traditional" crimes such as rape, abduction, dowry, torture, molestation, sexual harassment and selling of girls into slavery. However trafficking of women is still very common in this poverty-stricken country. Women from economically backward families are kidnapped and forced into prostitution. Incidents of women being charred to death after their husbands' death, have been reported recently. Giving and taking dowry is officially, a crime but the practice goes on. Ironically, The Child Marriage Restraint Act specifies the cutoff age for marriage as 18 years, protecting women from child marriage. Women, be it urban or rural, face all forms of sexual harassment throughout their lives. There are many women in India, who are caught in violent marriages. Owing to the social stigma attached to divorce, not many women have the courage to break free. Housewives account for 52% of the total female suicide cases in India. Section 306 of the IPC can punish the suicide victim's husband with up to 10 years imprisonment if found guilty.
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CONCLUSION
This one month training gave me a very good experience. I came to know many different laws which I didnt know before. In that also the laws relating to the women, children and minority are in more details and due to this I feel very nice to know all this. By knowing all this now I can guide others also who dont know about their rights and who is being threaten by other people on the name of these laws I really liked the concept of LOK ADALAT which held at every 3rd Thursday of a month. All the visits to the court is also the good experience because most of the people were frightened only by hearing the name of the court and I am also one of them but now I have very nice experience and I know the procedure of the court also so now I can guide to others how to proceed and there is nothing in the court to be frightened. At the court we were told to talk to the client about their case and due to this I come to know how to communicate with the client and the trick how to gain the information related to their case.

So over all I can say that I had a great and wonderful experience by joining the training at such NGO relating to the HUMAN RIGHTS.

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