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DELINEATION OF IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURAL, POTENTIAL AND LAND USE/ LAND COVER OF MUZAFFARNAGAR BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Mohammed Hashim Ameen M. Tech. Scholar Department of Civil Engineering Shepherd School of Engineering & Technology SHIATS-DU Naini, Allahabad, U. P. - 211007, India Dr. R. K. Pandey Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Shepherd School of Engineering & Technology SHIATS-DU Naini, Allahabad, U.P.-211007, India

ABSTRACT The present study has been conducted with an aim of assessing irrigation infrastructure created in Muzaffarnagar district of Utter Pradesh state of India using cartosat satellite data. This study deals with results of satellite data analysis of Muzaffarnagar canal infrastructure. Orthorectified Cartosat data was utilized to extract irrigation infrastructure (canal network). Based on the satellite derived information in terms of number of canals, their physical status, irrigation potential created was assessed by comparing with canal wise irrigation potentials. All the geospatial information generated in the study is organized in a systematic geo-database using a schema developed for the project. The main canal irrigation system are Tikri Branch , Nirpura Branch, Kurthal Branch, Sujti minor, Doghat minor, Bhagwanpur minor, Bhadal minor, Gaidbra minor and Milana minor. Satellite derived irrigation infrastructure assessment indicates that the most of the canals are matching with the design length. But Gadidbra minor has shortage of length. Official length was 5.55 km whereas satellite derived length was observed to be only 3.33 km. Therefore potential was also observed to be less in case of Gadidbra minor. Satellite derived irrigation potential is 285
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

ha where as official was 570 ha. Based on the satellite derived irrigation infrastructure status, the irrigation potential of the entire canal is estimated is 11355 ha against the official data of 11600 ha. Land cove of the study area has also been calculated to find out area statistics. Supervised classification techniques were used to show the total geographical area of Muzaffarnagar that is 19481.34 ha out of which 9474.91 ha is Agricultural land. It has also been found that about 243.61 ha area covered by water body. The barren land comprises of 7313.06 ha and settlement is 2449.74ha. 1. INTRODUCTION

Irrigation in a tropical, developing country like India has been practiced over centuries. Here it needs to be noted that irrigation does not just means large scale storage and transfer of water over long distances, as it has come to mean for engineer dominated vision and works of our times. A storage and transfer dominated perspective also neglects the crucial parts of irrigation, namely actual users and dynamics of society, soil characteristics and cropping practices. The issue is provision of required water to required crops at optimum times in cropped areas. This does not necessarily mean transferring water over large distances. The process of irrigation is not only the transfer of water, but also the construction of structures, which store, harvest or hinder the natural flow of water. Any human intervention in the natural hydrological flow for the purpose of providing water to the soil or the plan for crop production has to be included in the definition of irrigation. Developing irrigation resources requires a lot of financial and environmental cost to the society, and therefore, non-utilization of irrigation leads to wastage of precarious resources on the one hand, and loss of opportunity to increase the agricultural production, and subsequently the income of the rural producers, on the other. Accordingly, necessary steps are required immediately to minimize the gap between irrigation potential creation and utilization from the existing irrigation resources, before rolling out the investment in the creation of new irrigation resources. Remote sensing has enabled mapping, studying, monitoring and management of various resources like agriculture, forestry, geology, water, ocean etc. It has further enabled in monitoring of environment and thereby helping in conservation. In the last four decades it has grown as a major tool for collecting information on almost every aspect on the earth. With the availability of very high spatial resolution satellites in the recent years, the applications have multiplied. In India remote sensing has been used for various applications during the last four decades and has contributed significantly towards development. Geographic Information System (GIS) can integrate Remote Sensing and different data sets to create a broad overview of potential irrigable area. While the remotely sensed image of an area gives a true representation of an area based on land cover / used, grid interpolated climate data serves many purposes and used as climatic data base where meteorological data from gauging networks are not adequate. The topographic and hydrologic attributes of land and landscape such as slope, aspect and watershed modeling can be derived directly from the DEM. They are point elevation data stored in digital computer files. However, these factors should be assessed in an integrated manner, geo-referenced and mapped for surface irrigation development possibilities. With an adequate database, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can serve as a powerful analytic and decision-making tool for irrigation development.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

1.2 Case Study of Muzaffarpur Nagar Muzaffarnagar district is rectangular in shape, lying between 291130N and 294515N and between 77345E and 787E. Its total area is 4049 km2. The greatest length of district, from east to west is 97.6 km and its greatest breadth from north to south 57.6 km the average length and breadth are about 85 km and 50 km respectively. It has an average elevation of 232 metres. The district is covered by two major holy rivers from two sides; in the east there is the Ganges and in the west there is the Yamuna. The neighboring districts, Shamli district to its west and Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh to the east, respectively; Saharanpur and Meerut districts are to its north and south. It is located 125 kilometers N-W of the national capital, Delhi and roughly 200 kilometers S-E of Chandigarh. 1.3 Methodology The basic approach for the assessment of irrigation potential creation in a project is through identification and mapping of irrigation canal network and providing the status (w.r.t. the completion/ incompletion/ pending) of the entire conveyance and distribution system, various irrigation & drainage structures etc. Project command area maps and relevant ground/field information was used for precise boundary delineation of study area. This area mask was then used for Cartosat satellite data acquisition planning and procurement.

Fig. 1 Flowchart of Methodology followed in this work 1.4 Satellite Data The satellite data was used in the study. Cartosat PAN Sensor data was used which has a spatial resolution of 2.5m. Since the study area was covered in many paths of Cartosat satellite data acquisition (each path is covered separately in a different day as per orbital
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

calendar), cloud free data was acquired in different time windows depending upon the overpass of satellite. Each scene is ortho corrected; geo-referenced and suitable Image enhancements are applied to facilitate the delineation and interpretation of different thematic information. Table 1 Information of Cartosat satellite data Satellite Sensor Datum Spatial Resolution Temporal Resolution Swath 2. RESULTS Cartosat Pan WGS84 2.5 m 5 days 30 m (PAN)

Radiometric resolution 10 bit

The main distributaries in tons pump canal irrigation system are Jari, Akodha, Bhunda, Jogani, Karchana and Naini. The satellite based assessment of irrigation infrastructure & irrigation potential is discussed in this report separately for each Distributary. 2.1 Irrigation Infrastructure The summary of the irrigation infrastructure assessment in different branches of Tons pump canal is provided below: 2.1.1 Tikri Branch: It has been found during our field visit that off take of Tikri Branch is 40.230 km from the main canal. It has also been observed that Sujti minor, Doghat minor, Bhagwanpur minor direct off taking from Tikri branch at the distance of 2.040, 9.50 and 12.00 km respectively. Official report for length of Tikri branch is 16.600 km which is much closer to satellite derived length. Interpretation of satellite images indicates that the Sujti minor and Doghat minor is 11.923 km and 8.514 km respectively. But, Bhagwanpur minor is incomplete and appear to be under construction. Official length of Bhagwanpur minor is 4.710 km whereas satellite derived length is observed to be 4.619 km. 2.1.2 Nirpura Branch: Off take of Nirpura branch is 40.230 km from main canal. It has been observed that official length of Nirpura Branch is 16.640 km whereas satellite derived length is observed to be 16.400 km. It has been seen that Gadidbra minor has shortage of length. Official length was 5.55 km whereas satellite derived length was observed to be only 3.33 km. Off take of Gadidbra minor is from Nirpura branch which is at the distance of 7.200 km. 2.1.3 Kurthal Branch: Official length of Kurthal branch is 13.550 km whereas satellite derived length is 13.972 km. There are two minors, namely; Bhadal and Milana minor is derived from Kurthal branch. Official length of Bhadal minor is 7.200 km whereas satellite derived distance is 7.330 km. On the other hand official length of Milana minor is 13.700 km whereas satellite derived length is 13.706 km.
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

Table 2 Delineation of Irrigation Canal Infrastructure Official Proposed Canal length (Km ) 16.6 11.8 8.2 4.71 16.64 5.55 13.55 7.2 13.7 Satellite Derived canal length (Km) 16.822 11.923 8.514 4.419 16.4 3.333 13.972 7.33 13.706

Level Tikri Branch Sujti Minor Doghat Minor Bhagwanpur Minor Nirpura Branch Gadidbra Minor Kurthal Branch Bhadal Minor Milana Minor

Fig 2 Official Proposed Canal length (Km)/ Satellite Derived canal length (Km)

2.2 Irrigation Potential Based on the satellite derived irrigation infrastructure status, the irrigation potential estimated is 11040 Ha against the target potential of 11600 Ha. Hence there is 560Ha balance irrigation potential which is yet to be created in the canal area. The information about the canal wise irrigation potential created is provided in Table 2. 2.2.1 Tikri Branch: Irrigation Potential of Tikri branch have three (Doghat, Bhagwanpur, Sujti) minors. Satellite based assessment of Tikri branch have shortage of length, therefore irrigation potential was observed to be less than the official observation. Irrigation Potential of official data is 1590 ha but Irrigation Potential was observed to be only 1585 ha, with using satellite data.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

2.2.2 Nirpura Branch: Irrigation Potential of Nirpura branch have one (Gadidbra Minor) minor. Satellite based assessment of Nirpura branch has same length of official data. Therefore irrigation potential was observed to be similar than the official observation. Irrigation Potential of official data and satellite derived Irrigation Potential was observed to be similar i.e. 3090 ha. But Gadidbra Minor shows less irrigation potential than the official data because of the shortage of length. It has been observed that satellite derived irrigation potential is 285 ha where as official was 570 ha. 2.2.3 Kurthal Branch: Irrigation Potential of Kurthal branch has tow (Bhadal and Milana) minors. Satellite based assessment of Kurthal branch have shortage of length, therefore irrigation potential was observed to be less than the official observation. Irrigation Potential of official data is 1470 ha but Irrigation Potential was observed to be only 1280 ha, using satellite data. Table 3 Statistics of Irrigation Potential Planned Proposed Irrigation Potential (ha) 1590 1390 520 500 3090 570 1470 640 1830

Level

Satellite Derived Irrigation Potential (ha) 1505 1390 520 500 3090 285 1280 640 1830

Tikri Branch Sujti Minor Doghat Minor Bhagwanpur Minor Nirpura Branch Gadidbra Minor Kurthal Branch Bhadal Minor Milana Minor

Fig 3 Planned Proposed Irrigation Potential (ha)/ Potential Satellite Derived Irrigation Potential
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

Fig 4 Satellite image showing of irrigation infrastructure of study area

Fig 5 Incomplete canal of Gaidbra minor shown in satellite image

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

Fig 6 Irrigation infrastructure of study area

Fig 7 Incomplete canal of Gaidbra minor

3. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT LAND USE /LAND COVER CLASSES OF MUZAFFARNAGAR STUDY AREA USING SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION

The technique using supervised classification showed the total geographical area of Muzaffarnagar is 19481.34 ha out off 9474.92 ha is Agricultural area. In this respect the Agricultural area covered 48.64% of the area. It also been found that about 243.62 ha (1.25%) of area covered by Water body. The barren land comprises of 7313.1 ha that is 37.54% of study area. The area covered by Settlement is 2449.74 ha (12.57). Statistics of
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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

study area is shown in table Land use/ land cover of study area using supervised classification. Table 4 Area statistics of land use / Land cover map Land Cover Agriculture Water body Barren Settlement Area (ha) 9474.9175 243.61688 7313.0688 2449.7413 Area (%) 48.64% 1.25% 37.54% 12.57%

Fig 8 Area statistics of land use / Land cover map

Fig 9 Land use and land cover of Mujaffarnagar

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 (Print), ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May - June (2013), IAEME

4. CONCLUSION Satellite data was used for assessing the irrigation potential created, through mapping of irrigation infrastructure consisting of canal network cross drainage and other related irrigation structures. Also land use land cove mapping was done using cartosat data. 4.1 Identification and mapping of existing irrigation network with main canal / branch canal/ distributaries/ minor & sub minors was done from the satellite image through onscreen digitization using ERDAS IMAGINE image processing software and Arc GIS software by displaying the image at 1:4000 to 1:2000 scales. The above irrigation infrastructures were identified and mapped using the image interpretation key. Then random ground checks were made for verification and confirmation of image interpretation details. 4.2 In this study it has been seen that most of the distributaries and minors are complete. But, Gadidbra minor has shortage of length.Official length was 5.55 km whereas satellite derived length was observed to be only 3.33km. During our field visit GPS has been used and was observed that at the tail end of the Gadidbra minor is not complete. 4.3 Gadidbra Minor shows less irrigation potential than the official data because of the shortage of length. It has been observed that satellite derived irrigation potential is 285 ha whereas official was 570 ha. 4.4 Supervised classification technique were used to showed the total geographical area of Muzaffarnagar that is 19481.34ha out off which 9474.91ha is Agricultural land. In this respect the Agricultural area covered 48.64% of the area. It has also been found that about 243.61ha (1.25%) of area covered by Water body. The barren land comprises of 7313.06ha (37.54%). The area covered by Settlement is 2449.74 ha (12.57%). 4.5 The modern geospatial techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS with high spatial resolution data are useful to check the infrastructure development of canal. 4.6 Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been very effective. It consumes less time and it is the cheapest and accurate tool for mapping of canal infrastructure development. 4.7 Apart from all the advantage of remote sensing and GIS for infrastructure development of canal it has also some limitation. In case of very minor changes in canal structure might not be identified. To come out with these problems one has to do very extensive field visit and using high spatial resolution data to minimize error. REFERENCES
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