STUDY OF GAS LAWS

KEY POINTS
1. General properties of gases : (i) Gases have neither fixed shape nor definite volume. (ii) Gases exert same pressure in all directions. (iii) Gases are highly compressible. (iv) The volume of gases can be changed either by increasing the pressure or increasing the temperature. (v) Gases have very low density. (vi) Gases can easily diffuse in one-another. 2. Properties of gases which differentiate them from solids or liquids : (i) The distance between any two molecules of a gas is far larger, than that of solids and liquids, with the result that force of attraction between them is almost negligible. (ii) The molecules of a gas move constantly in a straight line, unless they collide with other molecules. These collisions are random and hence molecules move in all possible directions in straight lines. 3. Boyles law : The temperature of an enclosed mass of a gas remaining constant, its volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Or The product of pressure and volume of a given mass of an enclosed gas at a constant temperature is always a constant quantity. 4. Boyles law equation : P1V1 = P2V2 Where P1 is the initial pressure, V1 is the initial volume, P2 is the final pressure and V2 is the final volume for an enclosed gas whose temperature remains constant. 5. Charles law : Pressure of a given mass of an enclosed gas remaining constant, its volume is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature. 6. Absolute zero or kelvin zero : The theoretical temperature, at which molecules of a gas have zero kinetic energy (i.e.,they stop vibrating) is called kelvin zero. Zero kelvin = 273 C 7. Kelvin scale or absolute scale of temperature : A temperature scale on which lowest temperature is zero kelvin is called kelvin scale.

L A A L ION U AT D N E ER T IN

Z B

Temp. on kelvin scale = 273 + temperature on celsius scale. or K = 273 + C V V 8. Charles law equation : 1 = 2 T1 T2 Where V1 is the initial volume, T1 is the initial temperature on kelvin scale; V2 is the final volume and T2 is the final temperature on kelvin scale for an enclosed gas whose pressure remains constant.
1

9. Perfect gas equation : An equation which unites Boyles law and Charles law is called a perfect gas equation. According to this equation

P1V1 P2 V2 , where P1 is the initial = T1 T2

pressure, V1 is the initial volume and T1 is the initial temperature on kelvin scale, V2 is the final volume, P2 is final pressure and T2 is the final kelvin temperature for an enclosed gas. 10. Standard temperature and pressure (S.T.P) : A temperature of 0 C (273K) is called standard temperature and the pressure of 76 cm of mercury (760 mm of Hg) is called standard pressure.

L A A N L IO U AT D N E ER T IN

Z B