ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET

FLUID MACHANICS
FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

CH. CHARAN SINGH POLYTECHNIC

New Delhi 2013

Instructions to the students Dear Learner

This booklet contains your assignments which have to be completed by yourself and have to be sent to your respective Study Centres for Tutor Marked Evaluation. As you are aware that these assignments are meant for continuous assessments which is a part of your evaluation that carries 25% weightage. 75% weightage will be given to your Term-end Examination. There is one assignment for each course i.e. a total of Four assignments all carry equal marks (25 marks each). You are requested to follow the following instructions while writing the assignments: 1. On top of the first page of your answer sheet, please write the details exactly in the following format.

Enrollment No. : Name : ... Address : .. ..

Course : ... Course Title : Study Centre : . Date : . (Name & Signature) Please follow the above format strictly to facilitate evaluation and to avoid delay. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Use foolscap or A4 size paper One Side only for writing your answer. Leave 4cm margin on the top, bottom and left of your answer sheet. Clearly indicate question no. and part of the question being solved while writing answers. Assignments have to be sent to the coordinator of your Study Centre. We strongly suggest that you should retain a copy of your assignment responses. You are expected to complete all your assignments before writing the final Term-end Examination.

Wishing you a good luck. Course Code :

TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

Civil Engineering

Course Title Assignment Code Maximum Marks 15/Nov/2012

: : :

Fluid Mechanics ICE/BCE/10166 100

Last Date :

Part A. All the Question are Compulsory. 1. Density usually denoted by________ and its SI unit is _______________. (a) , Liter (b) , Kg per cubic meter. (c) ,per cubic Liter (d) , Mass of fluid 2. Specific Weight denoted by w and its SI Unit is _________________________. (a) Newton (N) per cubic meter. (b)Newton (N) per centimeter (c) Newton (N) per Kilogram (d)Nome of the above 3. Specific Volume = _________________________________________.

(a) Volume of fluid / Mass of fluid. (b)Volume of fluid / Kilogram (c) Volume of fluid / Mass per KG (d)Volume of fluid / Density of water 4. Specific Gravity = _________________________________________.

(a) Volume of fluid / Mass of fluid. (b)Density of fluid / Kilogram (c) Volume of fluid / Mass per KG (d)Density of fluid / Density of water. 5. Attraction between molecules of a liquid and that of solid boundary surface in contact with liquid is called____________. (a) Viscosity (b)Adhesion (c) Capillary action 3

(d)Surface tension 6. The specific gravity of water at standard temperature (4 degree C) equal to (a) 0.500 (b)0.999 (c) 1.000 (d)1.010 7. One metric slug is equal to______________ (a) 1kg wt (b)9.81 kg wt (c) 9.81 kg mass (d)0.98 kg wt

8. In C.G.S system the unit of viscosity is _____________ (a) Dyne (b)Joule (c) Poise (d)Newton 9. In an open tube, free surface of mercury remains (a) Horizontal (b)Curved upwards (c) Curved downwards (d)None of the above 10. A barometer is used to measure

(a) Very low pressure (b)Very high pressure (c) Pressure difference between two points (d)Atmospheric pressure 11. A Manometer is used to measure

(a) Very low pressure (b)Pressure in water channels , pipes etc. (c) Pressure difference between two points (d)Atmospheric pressure 12. Gauge Pressure

(a) Absolute pressure Atmospheric pressure (b)Absolute pressure + Atmospheric pressure (c) Atmospheric pressure - Absolute pressure (d)None of these 13. is A floating body attains stable equilibrium if the meta centre

(a) At the centroid (b)Above the centroid (c) Below the centroid (d)Any where 14. According to Bernoullis equation

(a) Z + p/w + v square / g = constant (b)Z - p/w + v square / g = constant (c) Z + p/w - v square / 2 g = constant (d)Z - p/w + v square / g = constant 15. An ideal flow of a liquid obeys

(a) Continuity equation (b)Newtons law of viscosity (c) Newtons second law of motion (d)Dynamic viscosity law

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Equation of continuity of fluids is applicable only if

(a) Flow is steady (b)Flow is compressive (c) Flow is one dimensional (d)All of the above 17. Eulers equation for the motion of liquid assume that

(a) Fluid is viscous (b)Fluid is homogeneous and incompressible (c) Velocity of flow is non-uniform over the section (d)Flow is unsteady along the stream line 18. A pitot tube is used to measure

(a) Pressure (b)Difference in pressure (c) Velocity of flow (d)None of these 19. The instrument used for measuring the velocity of flow, is known as (a) Venturi meter (b)Orifice meter (c) Pilot tube (d)None of these 20. The upper surface of the weir over which water flow, is known as (a) Vein (b)Napped (c) Sill (d)None of these

21. For a turbulent flow , the Reynolds number should be more then (a) 4000 (b)2000 (c) 2700 (d)500 22. Maximum efficiency of transmission of power through a pipe , is (a) 25% (b)33.3% (c) 50% (d)66.6% 23. A Siphon is used

(a) To connect water reservoirs at different levels intervened by a hill (b)To supply water to a town from higher levels to lower level (c) To fill up a tank with water at higher level from a lower level (d)None of these

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The friction drag is more than pressure drag for

(a) A sphere (b)A streamlined body (c) A circular disc placed normal to the flow direction (d)An airfoil 25. Across the boundary layer, pressure remains

(a) More (b)Less (c) Constant (d)Zero 26. The maximum efficiency of semi circular vane mounted on circular wheel will be theoretically equal to (a) Zero (b)50% (c) 59.20% (d)100% 27. Viscosity of an oil changes with

(a) Temperature (b)Speed (c) Weight (d)Type of bearing 28. The valve provided in a Suction pipe is called as:

(a) Float valve (b)Gate valve (c) Foot valve (d)Two-way valve 29. Wicket gates are

(a) Sluice gates of the dam (b)Guide vanes of a reaction turbine (c) Runner vanes of reaction turbine (d)Gate valve in a penstock 30. To regulate the flow of water to suit the variation in power demand (a) Pondage is necessary (b)Storage is necessary (c) Weir is necessary (d)Dam is necessary 31. Pelton wheel is

(a) Tangential flow turbine (b)Radial flow turbine (c) Mixed flow turbine (d)Axial flow turbine

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32.

Cavitations in turbine causes

(a) Damage to blades (b)Noise and vibrations (c) Fall in efficiency (d)All of the above 33. A hot wire anemometer is a device used for measuring

(a) Viscosity (b)Velocity of gases (c) Pressure of gases (d)None of the above 34. Run away speed of a pelton wheel means

(a) Full load speed (b)No load speed (c) No load speed with no governor mechanism (d)None of the above 35. Rotameter is used for measuring

(a) Density of fluids (b)Velocity of fluids in pipes (c) Discharge of fluids (d)Viscosity of fluids Part B. All the Question are Compulsory. True / False 1. Viscosity can be defined as the property of a fluid by virtue of which it offers resistance to shear or to angular deformation. 2. The vapour pressure increases with temperature 3. Specific gravity is having no units.

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4. Water is an incompressible liquid. 5. The Viscosity of liquid decreases with increase in temperature. 6. Piezometer is most accurate instrument for measuring pressure. 7. Manometers are used to measure density of fluid in a pipe. 8. Ideal fluid flow where viscous force is negligible. 9. Centre of gravity always lies below of centre of Pressure. 10. Bernouills equation deals with the principle of conservation of mass. 11. Discharge or rate of flow is the volume of fluid flowing across any section of conduit per unit time. 12. For a rotational flow ,vorticity components are zero.

13. Path line refers to a path followed by a fluid particle over a period of time. 14. Vortex flow is defined as the flow of a fluid along a curved path or the flow of a rotating mass of fluid is known as vortex flow. 15. A weir is a dam over which the water flows.

16. A trapezoidal weir is a combination of a rectangular and triangular weir. 17. The shear stress will vary with velocity of flow.

18. A pipe is a conduit of rectangular cross-section , carrying fluid under pressure. 19. Flow in a pipe is laminar if Reynolds number is less than 2000. 20. Water hammer concerns the generation , propagation and reflection of pressure waves in liquid filled pipe systems. 21. The Syphon spillway is a device used for discharging surplus water over a dam and thus keeping a constant level in the reservoir. 22. When the pipe is running full of liquid , the flow will be under pressure. 23. 24. Loss at the entrance to the pipe is also called as energy loss. The drag coefficient depends on the Froudes number.

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25.

Ships are also propelled by jets.

26. The intake water by the centrifugal pump is taken by only one way. 27. The valve provided in a suction pipe is called as float valve.

28. Rotary pumps use a gear ,lobe,screw,cam or vane to compress liquid. 29. In a single acting pump, there is one suction valves and one delivery valve. 30. 31. 32. 33. Axial flow turbines are high specific speed turbines. Propeller turbine is just a Kaplan without adjustable blades. The casing is also known as scroll casing or volute. Draft tube is an integral part of a pelton wheel turbine.

34. The increases in jet diameter in turn decrease the wheel diameter. 35. Water and alcohol spread easily over the surface then honey or some heavy oil so the latter are known to have more viscosity than the former.

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Part B Short Answer Type Question (Give answer within 100-150 words) 1. A rectangular tank 4m long and 2m wide contains water up to a depth of 2.5m. calculate the pressure at the base of tank 2. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? 3. Explain the surface tension? 4. What is Gauge Pressure? 5. Define Steady and Unsteady flow. 6. Explain Uniform and Non Uniform flow. 7. Find the total head of water flowing with the velocity of 8m/sec under a pressure a 80kPa. The centre line of the pipe is 5m above the datum Line. 8. State and prove Pascals Law. 9. What is centrifugal pump? On what principle does it work? 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. With the help of neat sketch explain a pitot tube. Distinguish between forced vortex and free vortex. Distinguish clearly between stream line and streak lines. What is flownet? Describe its uses. What is neat by Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid? What is draft tube? Name the various types of draft tubes.

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Part C Long Term Question (Give answer within 200-300 Words) 1. Find the work done by the impeller of the centrifugal pump in which the internal and external diameter is 350 mm and 650 mm , respectively. The speed of the pump is 1200 rpm (round Per Minute). The inlet and outlet angles at vanes are 20 and 45, respectively. The movement of water entering at the impeller is radial and the velocity of flow is constant. 2. Define the following terms (a) Density of a fluid (b)Specific weight of a fluid (c) Specific Gravity (d)Specific Volume (e) Compressibility 3. Water flows through a pipe , 0.09m in diameter , under a pressure of 35 N/cm2 and a mean velocity of 2.5 m/s. Determine the total energy per unit weight of the water at a cross section 9 m above the datum line. 4. Define the Differential Manometer and Piezometer working. 5. Calculate the height of crude oil flowing through a pipeline having a pressure head of 20 k kN/m2. The specific weight of the crude oil is 500 kN/m3. 6. Explain the principle of venturimeter. Drive an expression for the discharge through a venturimeter. 7. A turbine develops 7225 kw power under a head of 30 meters at 135 rpm. Calculate the specific speed of the turbine and state the type of the turbine.

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8. Obtain an expression for the discharge over a rectangular weir. 9. Explain the Governing in case of Pelton turbine. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Explain the various effect of blade outlet angle? What is Pump ? Explain its types. What is Momentum Equation? What its application? Explain. Explain in brief loss of energy due to sudden enlargement. What are different types of hydraulic coefficients? Drive equation for centre of Pressure?

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