Page 1 of 3

Competenz - N Z Engineering Food & Manufacturing Industry Training Organisation Inc.

MARKING-OUT INFORMATION SHEETS MEL02INF4436 v1.2 HEALTH & SAFETY REQUIREMENTS RECORDING REQUIREMENTS: Record the results of your work on Task Worksheet MEL02TWS01 v1.3 REFERENCES: This document relates in part to the requirements of Unit Standard 4436 v5 MARKING OUT The purpose of marking-out is to; Define the shape of an article Indicate position of holes and other features Provide alignment and machining marks Minimize material wastage Marking-out techniques include the use of datum, pitch circle diameters (PCD) and templates. Marking-out is usually done on a firm, flat work surface or vertically using marking-out tools on a surface table. Marking-out Using Datums Effective marking-out requires clean edges and faces on the work piece, and uses a combination of at least two primary reference points such as Datum Points, Datum Lines and Datum Edges.
Odd-leg calipers Dividers

Tools Commonly Used for Marking-out Tasks

Steel Rule Scriber Engineers Square

Center and Dot-Punches Combination Set

Angle Plates

Scribing Block Height Gauge Vee Blocks

Surface Table

Marking-out using datums can be done using either;

Simple hand tools such as a ruler, scriber, square

and odd-leg calipers, or

Vertical marking-out tools such as an angle plate,

scribing block or vernier height gauge situated on a marking-out table

Parallels

IP! When finish ed, re the to turn ol to i ts sto box, t rage ool ca binet marke or the d plac e on t works he hop sh adow board .

SMAR TT

Marking Hole Positions Along a Centerline

Brush a thin layer of marking blue onto the surface of the metal bar to highlight the lines.

Use odd-leg calipers to find and scribe the centerline along the bar using one edge as the datum.

Use a rule, scriber and square to mark the hole positions along the centerline working from the datum at one end of the bar.

Use a rule to re-check the marked position. Center punch the location of each hole ready for drilling.

Marking Hole Positions on a Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD)

Use an engineers square and odd-leg calipers to mark the position of the PCD centerlines from the datum edges.

Center punch the PCD center-point and use a pair of dividers to scribe the pitch circle. Trammels are required for scribing larger PCDs.

Calculate the hole positions and use dividers to step-out and scribe the positions around the PCD.

Recheck the scribed positions. If OK, center punch the location of each hole ready for drilling.

s osition d by; Hole p lculate a c e b ence can cumfer r i c Marking Shapes and Hole Positions Using Templates e h er gt e numb dividin h t y b PCD Templates are commonly made of sheet metal, plastic and wood and shaped to of the s or, represent the finished article. Templates can be simple geometric shapes or of hole ing jig-bor g detailed profiles used for fabricating complex structures. in s u by les. ate tab Hole positions in the template are marked on the work-piece surface using transfer punches. coordin

HANDY HINT; to ensure clean marking out, check the caliper, divider and center punch tips are not worn or damaged.

TIP! SMART on a PCD

Use an a square, odd-leg calipers, a rule and a scriber to lay-out the template

Locate the template on the alignment marks. Clamp in place if necessary.

HANDY HINT; templates are a useful time-saver when marking-out repetitive fabrication work.

Use a scriber to mark-out the template profiles. Use transfer punches to mark the locations of the holes ready for drilling. Use a rule to recheck the profiles and hole positions.

Marking-out Using a Combination Set

A scriber and a combination set protractor can be used for marking-out virtually any angle from a datum face.

A scriber and a combination try-square can be used for marking-out at 90 and 45 to a datum face.

A combination set center-finder is used for scribing intersecting lines to establish the center of a round bar or circular shape.

Marking-out On a Table Work requiring accuracy to within 0.15 mm can be done using a scribing block.
Accuracy to within 0.02 mm can be achieved by using a vernier height gauge.

Vee blocks are used to support and clamp round work pieces during marking out with a vernier height gauge. The round bar should be supported on the angled faces of the vee block.

An angle plate can be used to hold larger work pieces while marking-out vertical distances using a vernier height gauge. Smaller, less accurate marking-out can be done using a scribing block.

Marking-out Using Spirit Levels and Plumb-bobs

Check for a true right-angle using an Engineers Square or a Rafter Square.

T TIP! Check t he tool for any damage or fault s such as worn, b roken o r missin parts, e g xpired calibrat or the t io n ool not zeroing Report . any pro blems t your su o pervisor .

SMAR

Use a scriber to mark the final position prior to riveting, bolting-up or welding. Use a spirit-level to check and adjust the position of a horizontal structural component. A protractor can be used to establish the correct angle of a horizontal beam in respect to a vertical component. Plumb-lines provide a datum when positioning vertical components in larger structures. When positioned vertically, the horizontal distance between the plumb-line and the vertical component will be the same at the top and the bottom. HANDY HINT; increasing the vertical distance between the measuring points on a vertical plumb-line will improve the accuracy of the setup. Steel beam

The glass or plastic vial on a spirit level is usually marked in 1-degree increments. A small air bubble sits central to the vial when the level is placed on a horizontally true surface.

Plumb-bob

Flat and true machined surface.