C6200 GENCONTROLLER

Function Description
Firmware: 080618

SELCO A/S Betonvej 10 - DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Phone: 45 7026 1122 - Fax: 45 7026 2522 e-mail: selco.dk@selco.com Web site: www.selco.com

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Table of Contents 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 Preface.......................................................................................................................................... 3 Front view of C6200 .................................................................................................................... 4 Generator protection functions .................................................................................................... 5 Reverse power protection ........................................................................................................ 5 Excitation Loss protection ....................................................................................................... 5 Parallel operation of generators ................................................................................................... 6 Voltage matching ..................................................................................................................... 6 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 6

4.2.1 Static synchronization .......................................................................................................... 7 4.2.2 Dynamic synchronization .................................................................................................... 7 4.2.3 Synchroscope ....................................................................................................................... 7 4.2.4 Check Synchronizer function ............................................................................................... 7 4.3 Load sharing............................................................................................................................. 7 4.3.1 Active load (kW) sharing ..................................................................................................... 7 4.3.2 Reactive load (kVAr) sharing .............................................................................................. 8 4.3.3 Unloading a generator .......................................................................................................... 8 4.3.4 Automatic/ semi-automatic mode ........................................................................................ 8 5 Applications ................................................................................................................................. 9 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 Synchronization and load sharing between parallel running generators. ................................ 9 Synchronization of busbar sections ....................................................................................... 10 Grid parallel operation of generators ......................................................................................... 12 Auto-Synchronization ............................................................................................................ 12 Load Sharing .......................................................................................................................... 12 Fixed import ....................................................................................................................... 13 Peak Import ........................................................................................................................ 14 Fixed Export....................................................................................................................... 15 Excess Export..................................................................................................................... 16 Unloading ........................................................................................................................... 16

6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5

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1 Preface
The SELCO C6200 GENCONTROLLER module is intended for paralleling of generators with each other or with the grid. The module offers automatic and semi-automatic synchronizing, active and reactive load sharing, frequency and voltage control, reverse power protection and excitation loss protection. Voltage measurements from the generator and busbar are taken from phases L1 and L2. The generator current is taken from L3. For remote control of the generator, a range of user programmable functions is available. These functions can be triggered from programmable inputs and outputs or via RS485. The unit can be used in connection with a SELCO S6500 User Interface. The user interface will show measurements and status of the C6200 module. It can also be used for programming of the C6200 module.

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2 Front view of C6200

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Generator protection functions

The module offers reverse power protection and excitation loss protection of the generator. All protection functions will trip the circuit breaker via the protection trip relay of C6200.

3.1 Reverse power protection

The reverse power protection function will prevent the generator from motoring and thus protect the prime mover (e.g. a diesel engine) by tripping the generator breaker. At the same time it will avoid overload on the remaining generators and thus prevent blackout. C6200 measures the voltage across phases L1 and L2 and the current through a current transformer connected on phase L3.The module calculates the active current (I x cos ) representing the active power. If the active power becomes negative and exceeds the preset level, the delay timer will be started. After the preset time has expired, the output relay and LED will be triggered, provided that the reverse power level has been exceeded for the entire delay time. The trip level is adjusted as a percentage of the nominal power of the generator. Protection trips must be reset by activating the reset input, via an optional user interface or via RS485 before the C6200 can close the circuit breaker again.

3.2 Excitation Loss protection

The excitation loss protection will protect the alternator from the consequences of a loss of excitation when running in parallel with other alternators or the grid. It will also prevent the remaining alternators from over current and thus prevent blackout. The unit is not measuring the excitation current of the generator, but detects the consequences of a loss of excitation. In case generators are running in parallel with each other, their output voltages are the same. If one of the generators loses its excitation, it will take a reverse inductive current. As this phenomenon will load the other generator with reactive current, it can lead to a decreasing bus bar voltage. Eventually, this could cause an over current or low voltage trip on the remaining generators. Thus the excitation loss can result in a blackout. To avoid this, C6200 measures the level and direction of the reactive current. If the reactive current is leading into reverse direction and exceeds a certain level, the C/B of the faulty generator will be tripped. As the healthy generators will remain on the bus bar, this function can avoid blackout. C6200 measures the voltage across phases L1 and L2 and the current through a current transformer connected on phase L3.The module calculates the reactive current (I x sin ) representing the reactive power. If the reactive power becomes negative and exceeds the preset level, the delay timer will be started. After the preset time has expired, the output relay and LED will be triggered, provided that the reverse reactive power level has been exceeded for the entire delay time. The trip level is adjusted as a percentage of the nominal current of the generator. Protection trips must be reset by activating the reset input, via an optional user interface or via RS485 before the C6200 can close the circuit breaker again.

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4 Parallel operation of generators

In case two AC generators should be connected in parallel, following conditions must be fulfilled: 1. The frequency deviation must be within acceptable limits 2. The voltage deviation must be within acceptable limits 3. The phase deviation must be within acceptable limits 4. The phase rotation must be in the same direction. Frequency and phase deviations are controlled by the speed control function of C6200 (this is commonly referred to as synchronization). The voltage deviation is controlled by the voltage matching function. In order to do this, the C6200 will remote control the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of the alternator. In many installations this function is not used. In this case the voltage adjustment is done entirely by the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The phase rotation is defined by correct connection of both generator and bus bar voltage to the C6200.

4.1 Voltage matching

The voltage matching function will adjust the generator voltage to the voltage of the bus bar. Both generator and bus bar voltage must be within acceptable limits before this function can activate (see Voltage ok window in the configuration manual). C6200 controls the generator voltage by remote control of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR). This can be done by the analogue voltage control outputs (see analogue output signal for voltage control in the configuration manual), or via voltage up/ down pulse outputs (see pulse output signals for voltage control in the configuration manual). In automatic mode, the voltage matching function will start immediately in case it is enabled and generator and bus bar voltage are within the voltage ok window (+/- 10% in default configuration). In semi-automatic mode, the C6200 must get a start command via the programmable I/O or RS485 before it starts voltage matching.

4.2 Synchronization
Two different synchronization schemes are available with C6200, static and dynamic synchronization. The static synchronization scheme is used in case the frequency of the generator is controlled by the analogue output signal for speed control. The dynamic synchronization scheme will be used in case the frequency of the generator is controlled by the speed up/ down pulse output signals.

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4.2.1 Static synchronization In case of static synchronization, frequency and phase angle will be adjusted so that the parameters of the incoming generator match the parameters of the bus bar (frequency of the incoming generator = frequency of the busbar, phase deviation within acceptable limits). This is possible as the regulation is much faster when using the analogue outputs. The load sharer will load the generator immediately after connection thus avoiding a reverse power situation. 4.2.2 Dynamic synchronization This means that the incoming generator will be connected with a slightly higher frequency than the bus bar frequency. The purpose of this function is to make sure that the incoming generator will be loaded immediately in order not to take reverse power. In automatic mode, the synchronization function will start immediately when enabled and generator and busbar voltages are within the voltage ok window (+/- 10% in default configuration). In semi-automatic mode, the C6200 must get a start command via the programmable I/O or RS485 before it starts synchronization. 4.2.3 Synchroscope The front side of the C6200 contains a synchroscope for making commissioning easier. 4.2.4 Check Synchronizer function The check synchronizer function can be used as synchronizing aid for manual synchronization where voltage and frequency are adjusted by the operator to roughly the values required, and the unit will provide a closing signal to the circuit breaker at phase accordance. The C/B close relay will close the circuit breaker when voltage, frequency and phase deviation are within acceptable limits. This function is available in both automatic and semi-automatic mode.

4.3 Load sharing

The C6200 includes both an active and reactive load sharing function. 4.3.1 Active load (kW) sharing The C6200 shares the load between the parallel running generators by controlling the speed of the generator. The speed control can be done through the analogue speed setting output (current, voltage or pulse width modulated (PWM) signal) or via the speed up/ down pulse outputs. The active load information between the generators is shared by an analogue voltage signal, the parallel lines. This voltage signal can be programmed to match load sharers of other types, such as SELCO T4400 or T4800 (see parallel lines in the configuration manual). The load is shared according to the proportional load utilization of the generator. This means that the C6200 does not share according to a certain kW level, but to the relation between the current load/ nominal power of the generator. Thus load sharing between generators of different size is possible without any further adjustment. However if requested, a load deviation between the generators can be programmed (see load deviation in the programming manual). Revision: 20.11.2008 Page 7 of 17

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4.3.2 Reactive load (kVAr) sharing The C6200 shares the reactive load between the parallel running generators by controlling the voltage of the generator. The voltage control can be done through the analogue voltage setting output (current, voltage or pulse width modulated (PWM) signal) or via the voltage up/ down pulse outputs. The reactive load is shared according to the proportional reactive load utilization of the generator. This means that the C6200 does not share according to a certain kVAr level, but to the relation between the current load/ nominal current of the generator. Thus reactive load sharing between generators of different size is possible without any further adjustment. The reactive load information between the generators is shared by an analogue voltage signal, the parallel lines. This voltage signal can be programmed to match reactive load sharers of other types, such as SELCO T4900 (see parallel lines in the configuration manual). 4.3.3 Unloading a generator In case a generator should be taken out of service and the circuit breaker should be tripped it is necessary to unload the generator first. This can be done either by the unload input or via RS485. After the C6200 has received the unload command it will decrease both active and reactive load. As soon as both loads pass below the unload trip level, the unload trip relay of the C6200 will trip the circuit breaker. 4.3.4 Automatic/ semi-automatic mode In automatic mode, all control functions of the C6200 will run automatically. In semi-automatic mode the C6200 will only control the speed and voltage regulation after it has received a command to do so. The command can be sent to the C6200 either by the programmable inputs and outputs or RS485.

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5 Applications
5.1 Synchronization and load sharing between parallel running generators.
Fig. 1: Minimum connection for parallel operation between two or more generators

L1 L2 L3

com

com

1 com

29 31 + -

40 41 42 43 44
Unload Reset Alarm Freq. Ctrl. Disable MAN C/B

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53

L1 L2 Busbar Voltage

Aux. Supply

C/B Close

Prot. Trip

Unload Trip

C/B
Gen. Voltage L1 L2 5 6 Gen. Current S2/ S1/ L3 L3 13 14 Analogue Out 1 Speed Control L1 L2 L1 L2 V/ ref pwm mA DC

C6200
Prg. Out. 1 Prg. Out. 2 Prg. Out. 3

Parallel Lines kW com VAr 26 27 28

Alarm

54 55 56

67 66 65

To next C6200 (or SELCO S6100, T4400, T4800 or B9000)

S1

Governor

DG2

Engine

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5.2 Synchronization of busbar sections

For synchronizing busbar sections to each other or a busbar section to the grid, the C6200 offers a socalled reverse synchronizing function. With this function it is possible to synchronize 2 or more parallel running generators simultaneously to another busbar section. For this application, one C6200 unit will be connected across the tie breaker. This unit will remote control the C6200 units of the diesel generators. The speed and voltage control outputs of the tie breaker C6200 are connected to the Freq In and Volt In inputs of the diesel generators. To enable the remote speed control on the generator units, it is necessary to disable the frequency and voltage control functions of the C6200 generator units. This can be done by one of the programmable outputs of the C6200 busbar unit (here we use terminal 54 as example): WRITE IOFUNC FVDISABLE OUT1 Alternatively this can be done by connecting terminal 44 (Freq Ctrl disable) to COM. Now the frequency and voltage of the diesel generator will be controlled by the analogue speed and voltage control signals of the breaker C6200 unit. The analogue speed and voltage control output signals of the C6200 connected across the breaker must be programmed as voltage signals between +/- 5V. 0V means no change in frequency (or voltage), positive voltages will increase the frequency (or voltage), and negative voltages will decrease the frequency (or voltage). WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -5.000 WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 5.000 WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -5.000 WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 5.000

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Fig. 2.: Synchronization of busbar sections

40 com

C/B feedback

C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35 39 Ref

Section 1
Parallel lines

com

54

Section 2

Reverse synchronizing

Parallel lines
26 27 28

Freq In/ Volt In

23 24 Ref

44

23 24 Ref

26 27 28

Freq Ctrl disable

Parallel lines

Freq In/ Volt In 44

Freq Ctrl disable

40 C/B com feedback

C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35 39 Ref

C/B 40 com feedback

C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35 39 Ref

AVR Governor

AVR Governor

DG2

Engine

DG2

Engine

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6 Grid parallel operation of generators

Parallel operation of diesel generators with the grid can be split up in three phases: Auto-Synchronization Load Sharing Unloading

6.1 Auto-Synchronization
When the grid is to be connected to a diesel generator, or multiple parallel running diesel generators, it is necessary to conduct reverse synchronization. Reverse synchronization is done by letting the C6200 module connected to the grid control the voltage/frequency of the diesel generator(s) through the FREQ. IN / VOLT IN. inputs of the diesel generator(s) C6200 module(s). The C6200 module of the grid will then close the grid circuit breaker when the parameters are matched. For the reverse synchronizing function it is necessary to program the speed and voltage control outputs (terminals 35 and 39) so they match the input signal of the Freq. In and Volt. In. inputs (terminals 23 and 25): WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000 WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000 WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000 WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000 It is also necessary to deactivate the frequency and voltage regulation function of the diesel generators that should be synchronized to the grid. This can be done by connecting the Freq. Ctrl. Input of the diesel generator unit to COM. The frequency and voltage control must be disabled as long as the generator runs in parallel with the grid.

6.2 Load Sharing

When running diesel generators in parallel with the grid, it is necessary to define a load set point for the diesel generators. This is done by choosing the load sharing scheme. The C6200 offers four load sharing schemes for grid parallel operation: Fixed import Peak import Fixed export Excess export The wiring of the C6200 is the same for all load sharing schemes. No matter which load sharing scheme is used, it can be programmed by RS232 configuration. It is also possible to choose the load sharing scheme by user programmable I/O (see Configuration manual) or RS485. This means a load sharing scheme is active as long as the user defined input is

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connected to COM. In case the input is disconnected, the C6200 will return to normal generator load sharing. This is useful when parallel running generators should be connected to the grid. As long as the generators only run in parallel with each other, they run in normal load sharing mode (user programmable input for load sharing scheme deactivated). After synchronization to the grid, the input can be activated and the generators follow the load sharing scheme. In case the generator should not operate in parallel with the grid, the load sharing schemes must be disabled. WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME DISABLED This is the default setting.

6.2.1 Fixed import Fixed import means that the installation imports a fixed load level from the grid. In case the installation requires more load than the predefined import load level (configured as a percentage of the grid capacity), the diesel generators will supply the rest of the load demand. The C6200 of the grid controls the load by the parallel lines (LS signal). The C6200 modules of the diesel generators will adjust their loads according to the parallel lines signal. The blue line on the graph below shows the LS signal of the grid C6200. The red line shows the total load. The pink area shows the capacity provided by the shaft/grid. The grey line shows the capacity provided by the auxiliary generators.

Shaft/grid S6100 Configuration: WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME FIXEDIMPORT WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME VALUE 25

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6.2.2 Peak Import With this setup, the installation will load the connected generators up to a pre programmed load level. In case the load demand increases above this limit, the remaining power will be imported from the grid. The blue line on the graph below shows the LS signal of the grid C6200. The red line shows the total load. The pink area shows the capacity provided by the shaft/grid. The grey line shows the capacity provided by the auxiliary generators.

Shaft/grid C6200 Configuration: WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME PEAKIMPORT WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME VALUE 25

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6.2.3 Fixed Export The scheme exports a certain amount of capacity to the grid. The 6200 of the grid forces the C6200 modules of the auxiliary generators to produce a certain amount of power into the grid C6200. The blue line on the graph below shows the LS signal of the grid C6200. The red line shows the total load. The pink area shows the capacity provided by the shaft/grid. The grey line shows the capacity provided by the auxiliary generators.

Grid C6200 Configuration: WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME FIXEDEXPORT WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME VALUE 25

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6.2.4 Excess Export This scheme exports excess power to the grid. The auxiliary generators are operated with a fixed load. In case the power supplied by the generators is more than the installation requires, the excess power will be exported to the grid. The blue line on the graph below shows the LS signal of the grid C6200. The red line shows the total load. The pink area shows the capacity provided by the shaft/grid. The grey line shows the capacity provided by the auxiliary generators.

Grid C6200 Configuration: WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME EXCESSEXPORT WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME VALUE 25

6.2.5 Unloading Before disconnecting the grid, load should be transferred to the diesel generators. This is done by connecting the UNLOAD input of the grid C6200 module to COM. Activating the UNLOAD input of the grid C6200 module will make it transfer the load to the diesel generator, after which the grid C6200 will trip the breaker. Below drawing shows an application with 2 generators running parallel with the grid. For easy overview the drawing only shows the connections for reverse synchronizing.

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Fig. 2: Synchronization of one or more generators to the grid

Grid

C/B feedback 40 C6200 com Parallel lines Gov/ AVR ctrl

35 39 Ref 26 27 28

Common bus bar

Parallel lines

Reverse synchronizing

Parallel lines
26 27 28

Freq In/ Volt In

23 24 Ref

44

23 24 Ref

26 27 28

Freq Ctrl disable

Parallel lines

Freq In/ Volt In 44

Freq Ctrl disable

40 C/B com feedback

C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35 39 Ref

40 C/B com feedback com Close for synchronizing and grid parallel operation

C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35 39 Ref

com Close for synchronizing and grid parallel operation

AVR Governor

AVR Governor

DG2

Engine

DG2

Engine

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