SMK 4822 MARINE PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND MAINTENANCE

Assignment Safety Analysis

Submission Date: 20/5/2013

NUR SHAFIRA BINTI AHMAD MOHAMMAD ZAREEF BIN ARSAD MUHAMMAD JAMALLUDIN BIN CHE CHIK MUHAMAD BAIHAQI BIN FADZIL MUHAMMAD ARRIF BIN LUKMAN

AM090224 BM100023 BM100027 AM090161 AM090304

Question: A tug is to perform a task to towing 5 flotillas connected in series through a tight navigable inland waterway canal. There are shallow water areas, bridges, anchored vessels and bends that are to be manoeuvred. Risk of accident is the most common in such an operation and it could come from many sources including fitness, operational as well as situational or environmental factors. Perform failure analyses using fault tree analysis and Failure mode and effect analysis of such a towing operation and discuss your results based on comparison of the two approaches.

1) Fault tree analysis

rope

over tension

tidal

rope possion

severed

hit bridge

accident

accident

hit hull

accident

hit other ship

lethal (Maut)

leaking tank

damage stability

sink

sink

explosion

enviromental polution

sink

2) Failure Mode and Effect Analysis No Item Failure mode Failure cause Failure effect on component 1 Rope -Severed -Over Tense -Severed Failure effect on the other component _ -Damage on ship Structure -Flotillas left behind 2 Propeller -Stuck -Shallow water area -blade torn -blade blunt -Shaft bend -Ship stuck and not moving -Flotillas hit the tug boat - Problem to engine 3 Flotillas -Stuck at the bridge -Tidal -Flotillas Crash to each other - Damage to the bridge - Severed rope - Accidently - Damage on structure -bollard slanting -Flotillas hit tug - Manually observe - Reduction on towing speed -Stop Tug boat - Reverse and use different route -Manually observe - Speed change (increase) due to light load -Manually observe -Propeller singing -Tug boat shake -Reduce Tug boat speed -Stop Tug Boat From operating -Use redundant rope Failure effect on the system Failure detection method Solution/ Action

harm surrounding boat people

Bollard

- Damage

- Rope over tension

- Bollard Slanting

- Effect on the bollard plating area

- Rope knot loosening -Problem in towing the flotillas

-Manually observe

-Tight rope to other vessel structure

Engine

- Breakdown -Over load -Over heat

-Engine not functioning

- Tug boat malfunction

- Smoke occur -Manually observe

-Stop tug boat operation for maintenance

Hull

- Leaking tank

- Crash with rocks and bridge base structure -Flotillas crash

-Reduce in tug boat displacement

-Water pollution -Tug boat stability disturbed -Vessel sinking

-Manually observe

-Stop tug boat operation for maintenance

3) Discussion

Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a deductive, topdown method aimed at analyzing the effects of initiating faults and events on a complex system. After more than 40 years of development, FTA has been broadly used for reliability design. The first and the most important step to construct failure tree is to make clear the definition of the basic fault event. FTA looks like FMEA which is also top down method. However, FTA is usually used in detail design phase, and FMEA can be used in conception design. FTA and FMEA are both to improve product quality and reliability after detail design is completed. But for complex system, FMEA is a time consuming methods because there are too many components and parts in the system. Furthermore, the FMEA failure table will be very long, in which mass information is not well organized, so that it is not easy to check the failure list. FTA decomposes the top event into sub events. This decomposition can form a fault tree. With this tree, the least cut-set and the least path of set of fault tree can be obtained which can be used to control the reliability. From the perspective of logic, the tree and two sets are very clear, but all the failure causes are not connected to physical elements. In real working condition, FTA is not a very efficient method. As mentioned above, FMEA can connect cause of failure to components and part. So to incorporate them together is a promising method to control the reliability of product after detail design. FMEA is an inductive method. It is more suitable for simple products. It can be used to improve the quality of product. FTA is also a deductive method. It emphases on analyzing failure causes from the perspective of functions. Therefore, usually it is used after detail design phase FMEA and FTA are both attempts of combing inductive methods and deductive methods. Inductive method is more practical, but if the product is too complex, inductive method will be very complex at the same time. Now in our methodology the mapping is regarded as one-one mapping. However, in fact sometimes the events in FTA cant be decomposed into sub-events which can find oneone mapping to component.