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Thnh Ph HCM 11 / 2011

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I. Reading comprehension The processing of a signal to make it suitable for sending over a transmission medium is called modulation. Reasons for using modulation are : (a) Frequency translating ( e.g. when an audio-frequency baseband signal modulates a radio-frequency carrier ). (b) Improving signal / noise ratio by increasing the bandwidth ( e.g. using frequency modulation ) (c) Multiflexing. The simplest form of modulation is amplitude modulation ( a.m. ) of a sinusoidal carrier. If the modulating signal consists of a band of frequencies, the modulated signal consists of two sidebands, each occupying the same bandwidth as the baseband signal. In the upper sideband, the highest frequency corresponds to the highest frequency in the baseband; this is therefore known as an erect sideband. In the lower sideband, the highest frequency corresponds to the lowest frequency in the baseband; this is known as an inverted sideband. Simple amplitude modulation makes inefficient use of transmitted power, as information is transmitted only by the sidebands but the majority of the power is contained in the carrier. However, a.m. permits the use of a relative simple receiver using an envelope demodulator. It is therefore used for services, such as broadcasting and mobile radio, where this is an important advantage. In frequency modulation (f.m. ) the amplitude of the signal conveys no information. Thus, amplitude variations due to fading have no effect on the output signal level. Amplitude variations caused by noise also have no effect. Because of its good signal / noise ratio properties, f.m. is used for radio circuits whenever sufficient bandwith can be provided. This is not possible for telephony in the more congested parts of the radio-frequency spectrum ( v.h.f. and lower frequencies ), but it is standard practice at u.h.f. and s.h.f. for telegraph signals, because of their narrow baseband, it is possible to use f.m. in the h.f. band. In phase modulation (p.m. ), the frequency deviation ( fm ) is proportional to the frequency of the modulating signal as well as its amplitude. Consequently, for signals ( such as speech ) that have the major proportion of their energy at the lower end of the baseband, p.m. makes inefficient use of transmission-path bandwidth in comparison with f.m. Moreover, to demodulate a p.m. signal, the receiver must compare the phase of the incoming carrier with that of a locallygenerated reference waveform which must be extremely stable. F.m. is therefore preferred to p.m. for the transmission of analogue signals. Questions : 1/ How many forms of modulation are described ?

There are 3 forms of modulation : amplitude modulation , frequency modulation and phrase modulation. 2/ How many reasons for using modulation are listed ? Reasons for using modulation are: frequency translating , improving signal / noise ratio by increasing the bandwidth and multiflexing. 3/ What is the main disadvantage of amplitude modulation ? The main disadvantage of amplitude modulation is that it makes inefficient use of transmitted power as information is transmitted only by the sidebands. 4/ What is the main advantage of a.m. ? A. m permits the use of a relative simple receive using an envelope demolator . 5/ For what type of signals is phase modulation unsuitable ? Phase modulation is unsuitable for speech. II. Translation: Translate the passage into Vietnamese ( The simplest form of an important advantage. ) Dng iu bin n gin nht l s iu bin bin giao ng( a. m) ca mt hm sin . Nu tn hiu iu bin ny bao gm mt bng ca nhiu tn s, tn hiu c iu bin gm hai di bng , mi ci gi mt rng bng tn nh nhau nh l tn hiu bng tn c bn . bng tn trn , tn s cao nht tng ng vi bng tn c bn cao nht. Chnh v vy, n c coi nh l mt bng tn ghp . bng tn di, tn s cao nht tng ng vi bng tn c bn thp nht ; n c coi nh l phn bng tn b xoay ngc. S iu bin bin dao ng n gin lm cho vic s dng kh nng truyn dn khng hiu qu khi thng tin c truyn dn ch mt pha ca mt phn bng tn nhng kh nng ch yu c cha gi . Tuy nhin , s iu bin bin dao ng cho php ngi s dng dng mt gii iu bin c bao bc . V vy n c dng trong cc dch v nh l qung b v v tuyn di ng, l mt im thun li quan trng. III. Sentence Building Write the complete sentences using the given words or phrases. 1. Each / analogue / voice signal / sample / a rate / 8000 times / second. Each analogue voice signal is sampled at a rate of 8000 times a second. 2. DTE / provide / subscriber / data reception / facilities. DTE provides the subscriber with the data reception facilities. 3. Radio relay / links / operate / line / sight / between / send and receiver / stations. Radio relay links operate with line of sight between the send and receiver stations. 4. binary values / 0 and 1 / can / take / as / corresponding to / absence and presence / an electrical pulse.

A binary values 0 and 1 can be taken as corresponding to the absence and presence of an electrical pulse. 5. Time division switching / begin / replace / space division techniques / nearly / all / most modern system. Time division switching has begun to replace space division techniques in nearly all the most modern system. III. Translation: Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Mot mang so tch hp c tao ra bang s ket hp ky thuat truyen dan va chuyen mach so. An integrated digital network is created by associating digital trasmission and switching techniques. 2. WWW cung tr thanh c s mang lai cac kha nang khac nh o hoa ong, am thanh va hnh anh toc o thap. WWW also became the base for nurturing other capabilities such as animated graphics, audio and low rate video. 3. Thong tin vo tuyen la mot phng phap phat hay thu am thanh, cac hnh anh va so ieu trong khong gian nh cac song ien t. Communicating by radio is a method of sending or receiving sounds, pictures and data through the air by means of electrical waves. 4. Mot ng dung quan trong khac cua thong tin vo tuyen la oi v tau thuyen. Another important use of communicating by radio is in shipping. 5. Cac ve tinh qu ao thap t c s dung trong vien thong. Low orbit satellites are of little use for telecommunications .

IV. Writing: Within 100 words, write about everyday use of computer: Computers today are very, very popular and useful .Coputer an indispensable tool of human life . According to the daily tasks that we use computers on purpose:

check mail, view reports, chat, play games, trade, meetings .... If is today without computers, the world will be difficult to develop .My own to use a computer every day on the jop as : the report, check mail, listen, learn and chat with my friends. General, the computer is close friends with me every day, a day does not it make my life less interesting.
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