PROGRESS REPORT : BY ABD HAKIM BIN MOHTAR

GREEN INTER-VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION & GLOBAL TELEMATIC SYSTEM (G2-TELEMATICS) Wireless Ad Hoc Network and NS-2 1.1 Project Background

Wireless systems have been in use since 1970s. We have seen their evolutions move so rapidly that help to build the latest generation of wireless systems that has becomes available for the masses today. These systems work with the support of a centralized supporting structure such as an access point. The wireless users can be connected with the wireless system by the help of these access points, when they roam from one place to the other.

The adaptability of wireless systems is limited by the presence of a fixed supporting coordinate. It means that the technology cannot work efficiently in the places where there is no permanent infrastructure. Easy and fast deployment of wireless networks will be expected by the future generation wireless systems. This fast network deployment is not possible with the existing structure of present wireless systems.

Due to that matter, wireless mobile ad hoc network is introduced. Recent advancements such as Bluetooth which already entering the version 4.0 recently introduced a fresh type of this wireless technology. Mobile ad-hoc networks or "short live" networks is a network that can be deployed in the nonexistence of permanent infrastructure . Mobile ad hoc network offers quick and horizontal network deployment in conditions where it is not possible otherwise. Ad-hoc is a Latin word, which means "for this or for this only."

Mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links; each node operates as an end system and a router for all other nodes in the network. This type of wireless network is a growing new technology that will allow users to access services and information electronically, irrespective of their geographic position.

Before going further in mobile ad hoc wireless network, lets get known about the wireless technology in general. Wireless networks can be classified in two types: - infrastructure network and infrastructure less (ad hoc) networks. Infrastructure network consists of a network with fixed and wired gateways. A mobile host interacts with a bridge in the network (called base station) within its communication radius. The mobile unit can move geographically while it is communicating. When it goes out of range of one base station, it connects with new base station and starts communicating through it. This is called handoff. In this approach the base stations are fixed. This property makes these networks highly robust but lacks of mobility due to the need of the fixed infrastructures.

While an infrastructure less network, commonly known as ad hoc network, is a network that have no fixed routers; all nodes are capable of movement and can be dynamically in an arbitrary manner. Nodes on these networks function as routers which discover and maintain routes to other nodes in the network.

To drive the data in form of packet through the network, a routing algorithm or also called routing protocol is needed. Numerous protocols have been developed for ad hoc mobile network. Such protocols must deal with the typical limitations of these networks, which include high power consumption, low bandwidth, and high error rates. So, by using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2), it can be used as a tool to simulate a newly introduced protocol by C. A. T. H. Tee, A. Lee specially formulated for the G2- Telematics project, called Junction Based Adaptive Reactive Routing (JARR) for VANET In City Environments.

1.2 Current Progress

- Familiarize with NS-2 and MITSIM Software. - Doing literature review regarding the G2 Telematics especially in implementing JARR wireless protocol in the simulation.

1.3 Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) At A Glance

Network Simulator (Version 2), widely known as NS-2, is simply an event-driven simulation tool that has proved useful in studying the dynamic nature of communication networks . Simulation of wired as well as wireless network functions and protocols (e.g., routing algorithms, TCP, UDP) can be done using NS-2. In general, NS-2 provides users with a way of specifying such network protocols and simulating their corresponding behaviors.

Due to its flexibility and modular nature, NS-2 has gained constant popularity in the networking research community since its birth in 1989. Ever since, several revolutions and revisions have marked the growing maturity of the tool, thanks to substantial contributions from the players in the field. Among these are the University of California and Cornell University who developed the REAL network simulator, the foundation on which NS is invented. Since 1995 the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) supported the development of NS through the Virtual InterNetwork Testbed (VINT) project .

Currently the National Science Foundation (NSF) has joined the ride in development. Last but not the least, the group of researchers and developers in the community are constantly working to keep NS2 strong and versatile.

1.4 Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) Component

1.5 NAM SIMULATION EXAMPLE : COMPARISON BETWEEN AODV AND DSR WIRELES AD-HOC NETWORK PROTOCOL DURING HIGH NETWORK MOBILITY AND HIGH NODE

AODV INITIAL TIME

DSR

INTERMEDIATE TIME

END TIME

1.6 EXAMPLE OF TCL CODES FOR NS-2