INORGANIC CHEMISTRY II ICH 231T MEMORANDUM

SEMESTER TEST 4

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY 2013-05-09

TOTAL MARKS: 66 TIME ALLOWED: Strictly 1 hour FULL MARKS: 60

THIS IS A FILL-IN PAPER. Write your answers clearly next to each question. QUESTION 1 1.1 Provide a reaction equation to illustrate how oxygen can be prepared by each of the following: 1.1.1 The thermal decomposition of an higher oxidation state metal oxide. 2Pb3O4(s) 6 PbO(s) + O2(g) or (Or any other valid example.) 1.1.2 The decomposition of sodium peroxide 2Na2O2(s) + 2H2O(l) 4NaOH(aq) + O2(g) 1.2 Describe the industrial preparation of oxygen. (4) Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere by first removing carbon dioxide and water vapour. The remaining gases are then liquefied and fractionally distilled to separate nitrogen and oxygen. 1.3 Use balanced chemical equations to illustrate the following reactions of ozone: 1.3.1 With lead sulfide PbS(s) + 4O3(g) PbSO4(s) + 4O2(g) 1.3.2 With potassium iodide 2I-(aq) + H2O(l) + O3(g) 2OH- (aq) + I2(s) + O2(g) (2) (2) (2) 2PbO2(s) 2PbO(s) + O2(g) (2)

1.4 Explain in what way supersonic aircraft may compromise the ozone layer.

(4)

Nitrogen oxide is emitted from the exhaust systems of supersonic aircraft, which normally operate in the stratosphere. Nitrogen oxide reacts with ozone, such emissions may therefore compromise the ozone layer. 1.5 Metal and non-metal oxides are obtained by different means. Use balanced chemical reaction equations to illustrate this. By way of examples, use magnesium nitrate as starting material for a metal oxide and carbon as starting material for a non-metal oxide. 2Mg(NO3)2(s) 2MgO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g) C(s) + 4HNO3(aq) CO2(g) + 4NO2(g) + 2H2O(l) 1.6 Describe the Frasch process for the production of sulfur. Holes are drilled down through the overlying rock into the sulfur deposits. A circular arrangement of pipes containing superheated steam melts the sulfur which is pumped out by compressed air from a central pipe. The molten sulfur solidifies on the surface. Purity of 99% is achieved. If purity is not mentioned this mark can be given for stating the temperature of the
steam or that at which sulfur melts.

(6)

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1.6 Complete and balance the following chemical reactions of sulfur: 1.6.1 S(s) + HNO3(aq) H2SO4 OH-(aq) (3) S(s) + 6HNO3(aq) 2H2O(l) + H2SO4(aq) + 6NO2(aq) 1.6.2 S(s) + (3) S(s) + 2H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + 3SO2(g) 1.6.3 S(s) + (3) 3S(s) + 6OH-(aq) 2S2- (aq) + SO32-(aq) + 3H2O(l) 1.6.4 Provide a chemical reaction to illustrate the formation of the thiosulfate ion from one of the products of reaction 1.6.3 above. SO32-(aq) + S(s) S2O32-(aq) QUESTION 2 2.1.1 What determines whether a transition element will exhibit paramagnetism or not? (2) (3) [40]

Whether or not there are unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals. If there are unpaired electrons paramagnetism will be exhibited.
2

2.1.2 Why do solutions of transition element complexes have visible colours?

(2)

When electrons in d-orbitals arrange to form complexes energy is emitted. This energy is in the visible part of the spectrum and appears coloured. 2.1.3 Write down the outer electron configurations (4s and 3d) for Cu, Cu2+, Sc and Sc3+ Cu: 4s13d10 Cu2+: 4s03d9 Sc: 4s23d1 Cu2+ Sc Sc3+: 4s03d0

(4)

2.1.4 Which of the elements or ions listed in question 2.1.3 will display transitional properties? (2)

2.2 What is the function of coke and its primary reaction product in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron from ore? Provide three reaction equations to support your explanation. (6) Energy & reducing agent are obtained by combustion of coke: 2C(s) + O2(g) 2CO(g) Reduction of iron from its ore At 700C Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) In the region of 1200C the silicate and phosphate impurities are reduced by coke SiO2(s) + 2C(s) Si(s) + 2CO(g)
(Or any other important reaction occurring in the blast furnace.)

2.3 The following questions refer to the production of steel: 2.3.1 Why is haematite added? (4)

To convert impurities to their oxides- phosphorous to P(V)oxide; silicon to silicon dioxide and carbon to carbon monoxide. 2.3.2 What is meant by the term quenching? Rapid cooling of molten material to achieve specific properties 2.4 Different types of steel have different properties that make them suitable for particular applications. For each example given below, state the characteristic property and give one application for that steel type. 2.4.1 Manganese steel. e.g Rock drills 2.4.2 Stainless steel. e.g. Cutlery resists corrosion toughness (2) [26] (2) (2)