Introduction to TCP/IP

Agenda

What Is TCP/IP? IP Addressing

What Is TCP/IP?

A suite of protocols Rules that dictate how packets of information are sent across multiple networks Addressing Error checking

IP

Internet Protocol (IP)

Determines where packets are routed based on their destination addresses Breaks packets into smaller packets and reassembles them

TCP/IP Applications

Application layer

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Remote Login (Telnet) E-mail (SMTP) Transport Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP) LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc. WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.
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Transport layer

Network layer

Data link & physical layer

TCP/IP Transport Layer

21 FTPFile Transfer Protocol 23 Telnet 25 SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol 37 Time 69 TFTPTrivial File Transfer Protocol 79 Finger 103 X400 161 SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol 162 SNMPTRAP

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol

Unreliable Fast Assumes application will retransmit on error Often used in diskless workstations

ICMP Ping

IPv4 Addressing

32-bit addresses Commonly expressed in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.10.12) Each dotted decimal is commonly called an octet (8 bits)

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IP AddressingThree Classes

Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOST

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IP AddressingClass A
10.222.135.17 Network # 10 Host # 222.135.17 Range of class A network IDs: 1126 Number of available hosts: 16,777,214
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IP AddressingClass B
128.128.141.245 Network # 128.128 Host # 141.245 Range of class B network IDs: 128.1191.254 Number of available hosts: 65,534
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IP AddressingClass C
192.150.12.1 Network # 192.150.12 Host # 1 Range of class C network IDs: 192.0.1223.255.254 Number of available hosts: 254
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IP Network Address Classes

Class # Networks
126 16,384 2,097,152

# Hosts
16,777,214 65,534 254

Example
01111111 00000000 00000000 00000000

A B C
Class A Class B Class C

10111111

11111111

00000000

00000000

11011111

11111111

11111111

00000000

35.0.0.0 128.5.0.0 132.33.33.0

Host Address Space

Network Address Space

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IP Subnetting

Subnets allow routing by ranges

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IP Subnet Mask
Given: Address = 131.108.2.160 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Subnet = 131.108.2.0

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IP Address Assignment

ISPs assign addresses to customers IANA assigns addresses to ISPs CIDR block: bundle of addresses

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Summary

TCP/IP is a suite of protocols TCP/IP defines communications between computers on the Internet IP determines where packets are routed based on their destination address TCP ensures packets arrive correctly at their destination address
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