NARRATOLOGY Introduction to the _ Theory of Narrative MIEKE BAL© University of Toronto Press Incorporated 1085, 1997, 2000 Toronto Buflalo London www.utpublishing.com Printed in Canada 1S8N ¢78-0-8020-9687-6 (cloth) ISBN 078-0-8020-9631-9 (paper) First edition 1085 Reprinted 1088, 1992, 1994 Second edition 1907 Reprinted 1999, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007 Third edition 2000 This third edition is a complete revision of Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, which was a translation, revised for English-language readers, by Christine Van Boheemen, of the second, revised edition of De Theorie van vertellen en verhalen (Muiderberg: Coutinho 1980). 8 Printed on acid-free paper Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Tal, Micke, 1946- Narratology : iniroduction to the theory of narrative / Mieke Bal. ~ 3rd ed. Rev. ed. of: Narratology. 2nd ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8020-9687-6 (bound) __15EN 978-0-8020-9531-9 (pbk.) 1. Narration (Rhetoric). I. Title. PN212.8313 2009 808.3'93 _2008.907728-8 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP).Contents PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION ix PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION Xiii PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION xvii Introduction 3 Remarks and Sources 13 1 Text: Words and Other Signs 15 1 Preliminary Remarks 15 2 The Narrator 18 Forms of Narration: ‘Il’ and ‘He’ Are Both ‘I’ 20 All Kinds of ‘I's 24 Second-Person Narrators? 29 Non-Narrative Comments 31 Description 35 Delimitation 36 Description Contested 37 Motivation 41 A Rhetoric of Description 46 Levels of Narration 48 Intermediate Forms: Indirect Speech and Free Indirect Speech 51 Relations between Primary and Embedded Texts 56 Embedded Narrative Texis 57 Relations between Primary Fabula and Embedded Text 57 RY w