Question 1: Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow: A tribal elder in southern India,

a Bollywood star, a young villager. One uses an ingenious piece of bent wire, the second a high-powered rifle, and the last, a jaw trap. The first may make a meal of his catch, the second may carry home the antlers as trophy and the third may sell the skin and bones to a trader. Hunting is perhaps one of the oldest ways in which humans have interacted with wildlife. Over time, as we honed this ancient skill, we systematically drove several animals to extinction. Mastodons, woolly mammoths and moas (giant, flightless birds that lived in New Zealand until the 15th century) were all given the final shove by human hunters unaided by guns or

gunpowder. With modern weapons in hand, we did even better. Passenger pigeons, whose massive flocks once darkened American skies, were shot in thousands in the presumption that they could never become extinct. But they did. Closer home, the wolf and tiger teeter on the brink. Their once vast ranges are now mere fragments but still, neither they nor their prey are safe from poison, snare or shotgun. All of this takes place despite some of the most stringent wildlife protection laws in the world. Most hunting was outlawed in India in 1972. Overnight, an activity with complex social and cultural roots became illegal. In some places, the law combined with modern forms of recreation to draw people away from hunting, but has not been able to stop it completely. Despite the widespread availability of affordable farmed meat, hunting for the pot continues because of strong cultural preferences for wild meat. Despite such strong social, economic and cultural roots, we still treat elimination of hunting entirely as a law-enforcement exercise. And this task is in the hands of illequipped, poorly-motivated and sometimes corrupt forest department personnel who dont always make the best guardians of the law. Alongside enforcement, the law needs widespread public support which can come only if the socio- economic factors of hunting are addressed. Shooting suspected poachers at sight may have helped reduce hunting in Kaziranga but this strategy might not work everywhere. In the Periyar Tiger Reserve, former poachers have been trained and inducted as wildlife guides, providing them an alternative livelihood. In Namdapha Tiger Reserve, addressing a traditional hunting community s needs in education, healthcare and livelihood has helped secure their support for the law. These are clear pointers to securing the future of our wildlife by building context-specific solutions to make hunting implausible and unviable, rather than just illegal.

a. What is common between a tribal, a Bollywood star and a young villager according to the passage? Ans:- The first may make a meal of his catch, the second may carry home the antlers as trophy and the third may sell the skin and bones to a trader.

b. List four animals/birds that have become extinct due to human intervention. Ans:- Mastodons, woolly mammoths and moas

c. Why is hunting prevalent in India despite strong legislation? Ans:- Despite such strong social, economic and cultural roots, we still treat elimination of hunting entirely as a law-enforcement exercise. And this task is in the hands of illequipped, poorly-motivated and sometimes corrupt forest department personnel

d. What were the measures taken in the three wildlife sanctuaries to stop hunting ? Ans:- Shooting suspected poachers at sight may have helped reduce hunting in Kaziranga but this strategy might not work everywhere. In the Periyar Tiger Reserve, former poachers have been trained and inducted as wildlife guides, providing them an alternative livelihood. In Namdapha Tiger Reserve, addressing a traditional hunting communitys needs in education, healthcare and livelihood has helped secure their support for the law. These are clear pointers to securing the future of our wildlife .

e. Give a suitable title to the passage. Ans:- Save wildlife

f. Given below are the meanings of some words/phrases from thepassage. Pick out those words/phrases from the text:

A very clever device

Ans:- ingenious

ii

Branched horns on the head of a deer

Ans:- honed iii Developed and improved

Ans:- inducted iv Total destruction

Ans:- darkened v Ultimatepush

Ans;- enforcement vi A situation that is close to becoming disastrous

Ans:- extinct vii A trap for catching birds or small animals

viii Very strictly enforced law Ans:- stringent

Question 2: Fill in the blanks using the passive forms. One is done for you as an example. Rohit Chauhan was just sent (send) to prison. Yesterday he (give).. a 6- month sentence for stealing a car. The conditions in the prison are terrible. Rohit (3 shock). by them. His cell (not paint) for years. The walls (cover) .. in graffiti. He (wake up) .. every morning at 6:30. He (allow) to leave his cell for only two hours a day. If he behaves himself, Rohit (let out) of prison after four months. But if he breaks any prison rules, he (keep in) .. for over six months. He (plan) .. to behave himself and come out in four months. He (spend) his time teaching illiterate convicts in the prison. Solution : Rohit Chauhan was just sent (send) to prison. Yesterday he (give) gave a 6- month sentence for stealing a car. The conditions in the prison are terrible. Rohit (3 shock shocked by them. His cell (not paint) not painted for years. The walls (cover) covered in graffiti. He (wake up) awake every morning at 6:30. He

(allow) allowed to leave his cell for only two hours a day. If he behaves himself, Rohit (let out) leted out of prison after four months. But if he breaks any prison rules, he (keep in) keeped in forover six months. He (plan) planned to behave himself and come out in four months. He (spend) spended his time teaching illiterate convicts in the prison.

Question 3: You work for the HR department of your company and have been asked by the management to make a presentation on What motivates employees to work harder. Use some of the points given below to write a presentation in about 200-250 words. Please keep to the format and semi-formal style of the presentation. Great financial reward A greater sense of team spirit at work Working with people who work hard The chance of promotion Getting more encouragement from your boss Feeling that you, as an individual, are making a valuable contribution to your organization Feeling that you are making a valuable contribution to society Having a boss who works hard Working for a successful company Being given more responsibility Having a more challenging job Having a greater sense of belonging to the organization you work for Being self-employed A stronger sense of working for your country Question 4: Write a letter of complaint to a TV company which has delivered a defective TV. In your letter mention: Solution : Dear Sir, On Sept. 27, 2012, I purchased a TV 3000, model #123456, from your store at 456 Main St. in Anytown. Unfortunately, the product does work as intended. While the TV starts up fine, it turns itself off after just five or ten minutes of operation. I am disappointed because I have paid for a TV that is clearly not in working order. Each time it shuts itself down, I have to stop what I am doing and

restart it. As I purchased the TV specifically to save time and effort, this is unacceptable to me. Please resolve this problem by issuing a full refund. I paid cash for the TV, and thus prefer cash in return. I have enclosed a copy of the receipt. I am confident that your store stands by its products. Please let me know at your earliest convenience when I may return the faulty TV and obtain a replacement that's in full working order. I'm looking forward to your reply and the resolution of this matter. I will wait two weeks before turning to a consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau. Please contact me at the above street address or email, or by phone at 555-555-5555. Sincerely, XYZ Question 5: following: i A job you would like to do ii The impact of technology on work routines iii A television programme that helped you learn about something iv Time management is an important ingredient for success Write an essay in about 250-300 words on any one of the

Solution : The impact of technology on work routines These days, we have so many potentially labour saving technological devices, but to how great an extent do such advances increase rather than decrease workload and stress? I remember the days when typists used carbon copies and had to retype a whole page when they made a mistake. I remember being gobsmacked that a work colleague had somehow ordered his week's shopping over this mysterious thing called an internet. I remember laughing when City boys started walking around with massive mobile phones and thinking how pretentious, unnecessary, and clumsy they were, and scornfully claiming they would never catch on because no-one in their right mind would want to be constantly contactable!

How many of you feel now feel strangely insecure and cut off when your mobile is out of action or your internet connection goes down? How many of you habitually go to check emails first thing when you wake up? How many of you are so proficient at texting you can send messages without looking - and do so constantly throughout the day! ? How many eat meals at your computer? How many families spend hours in separate rooms at the computer, (although, on the plus side, my son has just been commended for his excellent general knowledge, which given his tendency not to read books or watch TV actually must come from the 'building civilisations' type computer games he favours). New technology can clearly enable us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away and switch off.

Question 6: Mark the stress in the following words: Manage Politics Organized Consult Finance Management Political Organization Consultant Financial

Question 7: Write short notes on the following: i Barriers to communication ii The importance of body language in presentation Solution: Barriers to communication It is said that communication can never be hundred per cent complete. Many factors are involved in the process of communication and something can always go wrong with one or more of these. From your own experience, make a list of some of the factors that can impede communication. Let us now consider some of these barriers: a.Code, i.e. the addresser and the addressee may not share the same language between them. The addresser is speaking in French and the addressee does not know French.

b.Vocabulalry: The market declined under persistent bear hammering. One who is not familiar with the vocabulary of the stock market may not understand what is meant.

c.Concept: Technical and subject specific concepts may not be understood by all. For example, a black hole is simple language, yet the concept may not be understood by many.

d.Background knowledge and shared assumptions e.g. a Victorian style mansion may not be understood by those living outside England.

e.Pronunciation, intonation, accent and stress in spoken language. Sometimes may not be understood.

f.Culture specific communication may cause misunderstanding.

g.Physical environment: Noise and other environmental disturbances or even physical distance between the address and the addressee can impede effective communication.

h.Affective factors: personal factors e.g. anxiety, fear, attitude, motivation, beliefs, values, lack of mutual trust, lack of time or pressure of work, lack of attention, and personal rivalries. All these factors impede communication. The Process of Communication (2) The importance of body language in presentation

Slouching:- shows that you are friendly & approachable eye :-contact helps you to be more clear and effective Smile:- make for better understanding Presentation Skills-I Gestures shows disinterest Posture enhances the comfort level of the audience Proximity helps counter boredom variation in voice signals interest in others

Can you explain what the speaker means by: i.smiling is contagious ii) invading others space. Consult the Answer Key and compare your answer. A.Listen to the beginning of a presentation on the introduction of a new course in Cinematics. Do you think it is a good introduction? B.Now listen to the beginning of another presentation on the same topic. Which one is better and why?