THERE TO BE - HAVER

Formas possveis do verbo THERE TO BE Haver em todos os tempos verbais possveis, inclusive em suas formas negativas, em perguntas e modal verbs. Um erro comum dos alunos de ingls no Brasil que eles geralmente confundem o verbo ter pelo verbo haver, os quais, em ingls, so tratados separadamente. Vrios alunos (at mesmo alguns fluentes) ao invs de usarem, por Exemplo: There are some people here provavelmente usaro: Have some people here, por influncia da lngua portuguesa, que permite este uso. THERE ARE . There are H - no plural, no presente Eg: There are some students in this classroom . Are there? - H? pergunta no plural, no presente, na afirmativa Eg: Are there any students in this classrrom? . There arent No h negativa, no plural, no presente Eg: There arent any students in this classroom today . Arent there? No h? pergunta negativa, no plural, no presente Eg: Arent there any people to help me this time? THERE IS . There is H - no singular, no presente Eg: There is only one student here today . Is there H? pergunta, no singular, no presente Eg: Is there anyone here to help me? . There isnt No h negativa, no singular, no presente Eg: There isnt anyone here to help me today2 . Isnt there? No h? pergunta negativa, no singular, no presente Eg: Isnt there anyone to help me with this work? THERE WAS . There was Houve afirmativa, no singular, no passado Eg: There was only one student in the classroom yesterday . Was there? Houve? pergunta, no singular, no passado Eg: Was there anyone looking for me this morning? . There wasnt No houve negativo, no singular, no passado Eg: There wasnt anyone here yesterday . Wasnt there? Houve? pergunta negativa, no singular, no passado Eg: Wasnt there anyone looking for me this morning? THERE WERE . There were Houve - no plural, no passado Eg: There were a lot of students participating in the party last week . Were there? Houve?, pergunta, no plural, no passado Eg: Were there many people here yesterday? . There werent No houve negativa, no plural, no passado Eg: There werent any people here yesterday . Werent there? No houve? pergunta negativa, no plural, no passado Eg: Werent there any students in class last week? THERE HAS BEEN . There has been Tem havido - no singular, no presente Eg: There has been a lot of growth in companies nowadays . Has there been? Tem havido? pergunta, no singular, no presente Eg: Has there been much growth in companies these days? . There hasnt been No tem havido negativo, no singular, no presente Eg: There hasnt been much growth in companies due to economic downturn 1

. Hasnt there been? Tem havido? pergunta negativa, no singular, no presente Eg: Hasnt there been any growth in companies this year? I am surprised! THERE HAVE BEEN . There have been Tem havido - no plural, no presente Eg: There have been a lot of arguments over salaries between Government and Labor Unions . Have there been? Tem havido? pergunta, no plural, no presente Eg: Have there been any improvements in our salary this year? . There havent been No tem havido no negativo, no plural, no presente Eg: There havent been a lot of people studying German these days . Havent there been? No tem havido? pergunta negativa, no plural, no presente Eg: Havent there been any more employees to help you with so much work? THERE HAD BEEN There had been Tinha havido no singular e plural, no passado Eg: There had been a lot of people wishing to buy this land in the past Eg: There had been only one person looking for this information Had there been? Tinha havido? pergunta no singular e plural, no passado Eg: Has there been any person looking for me in the past? There hadnt been No tinha havido no singular e plural, no passado Eg: There hadnt been anyone looking for this information at that time Hadnt there been? No tinha havido? pergunta negativa, no singular e plural, no passado Eg: Hadnt there been any improvement/s in the economy in those days? WILL . There will be Haver no futuro singular e plural Eg: There will be many students here tomorrow Eg: There will be only one student here tomorrow . Will there be? Haver pergunta, singular ou plural, no futuro Eg: Will there be anyone here tomorrow to help us out? . There wont be No haver negativo, no futuro Eg: There wont be a second chance for students who failed first exams . Wont there be? - No haver? pergunta negativa, no futuro Eg: Wont there be any more chances for students in the exams? . There will have been Ter havido afirmativa, singular e plural, no futuro Eg: There will have been much more technological progress in the world by the time they come back . Will have there been? Ter havido? pergunta no futuro Eg: Will have there been any chances for us to make any more money by the time the banks are back on track? . There wont have been No ter havido negativo, singular e plural, no future Eg: There wont have been much progress in the efforts to stop pollution in the environment by next year . Wont have there been? No ter havido? pergunta negativa, no futuro Eg: Wont have there been any chances for us to make any more money by the time the banks recover from the economic downturn?5 WOULD . There would be Haveria expressa uma condio no presente Eg: There would be more students at the party if the rain stopped . Would there be? Haveria? pergunta que expressa uma condio Eg: Would there be any possibility for us to travel tomorrow morning despite the heavy rain? . There wouldnt be No haveria negativo, expressa uma condio Eg: There wouldnt be any more money if she didnt go out to collect some more . Wouldnt there be? No haveria? pergunta negativa, expressa uma condio na negativa Eg: Wouldnt there be any chances for us to make more money investing in stocks? 2

. There would have been Teria havido expressa uma condio no passado Eg: There would have been more students at the party if the rain had stopped . Would have there been? Teria havido? pergunta no passado, expressa uma condio Eg: Would have there been any chances for her if she had called the doctor earlier? . There wouldnt have been No teria havido negativo, singular e plural, expressa uma condio no passado Eg: There wouldnt have been such a large number of people today if she had not invited some more . Wouldnt have there been? No teria havido? pergunta negativa, expressa uma condio no passado Eg: Wouldnt have there been any more chances for her if she had called earlier? CAN . There can be Pode haver expressa uma condio no presente Eg: There can be more students at the party if we invite some more 046. Can there be? Pode haver? expressa dvida Eg: Can there be any more people inside the building, in your opinion? Asked the fireman . There cant be No pode haver singular e plural, expressa uma concluso Eg: There cant be such a large number of selfish people in the world today . Cant there be? No pode haver? pergunta para colher alguma informao, feita por curiosidade Eg: Cant there be any more cash in your drawer, considering you did not spend it all? . There can have been Pode ter havido - expressa uma deduo no passado Eg: There can have been some people here because I can smell cigarette smoke in the air . Can have there been? No pode ter havido? pergunta sobre o passado, para colher alguma informao Eg: Can have there been anyone else who entered this room on that specific day? . There cant have been No pode ter havido expressa uma concluso negativa no passado Eg: There cant have been so many people here since the space is too small . Cant have there been? No pode ter havido? pergunta negativa, expressa uma deduo Eg: Cant have there been anyone else in this room on that specific day? I think there was7 COULD . There could be Poderia haver expressa uma condio Eg: There could be more money for the party if we organized it better . Could there be? Poderia haver? pergunta, expressa uma condio Eg: Could there be any chances for me in the future? . There couldnt be No poderia haver - expressa uma concluso negativa Eg: There couldnt be so many people here in such small space, we may have an accident! . Couldnt there be? No poderia haver? pergunta negativa que expressa uma dvida Eg: Couldnt there be any more money for the campaign if we made more efforts to get it? . There could have been Poderia ter havido expressa uma condio no passado Eg: There could have been more money for the party if we had organized it better . Could have there been? Poderia ter havido? pergunta que expressa uma dvida no passado Eg: Could have there been more people helping us to do this job if we had invited all of our friends? . There couldnt have been No poderia ter havido expressa uma concluso negativa no passado Eg: There couldnt have been so many people in the same place in that small space. No wonder they had an accident! . Couldnt have there been? No poderia ter havido? pergunta negativa no passado, expressa uma dvida sobre o passado Eg: Couldnt have there been less pollution if car makers had not been so greedy and careless in those days?8 MUST . There must be Deve haver expressa deduo lgica no presente Eg: There must be a better way out of this situation, for sure. . Must there be? Deve haver? expressa deduo lgica em forma de pergunta Eg: Must there be any cash available since we have been able to save some money this month? . There mustnt be No deve haver expressa deduo lgica na negativa Eg: There mustnt be so much cash left over now that we have paid all of our bills. . Mustnt there be? No deve haver? pergunta negativa, deduo lgica na negativa Eg: Mustnt there be more respect among members of this family? 3

. There must have been Deve ter havido expressa deduo lgica no passado Eg: There must have been an earthquake here in the past, look at all these evidences! . Must have there been? Deve ter havido? Expressa deduo em forma de pergunta Eg. Must have there been life on earth soon after the dinosaurs were extinct? . There mustnt have been - No deve ter havido expressa deduo lgica na negativa Eg: There mustnt have been any dinosaurs left behind after the meteor showers on earth millions of years ago . Mustnt have there been? No deve ter havido? expressa deduo lgica no passado na negativa Eg: Mustnt have there been dinosaurs on earth in your opinion? I am sure there were many around here. SHOULD . There should be Deveria haver expressa um desejo Eg: There should be more policemen on the streets in this city . Should there be? Deveria haver? expressa um desejo na pergunta Eg: Should there be more policemen on the streets in your opinion? . There shouldnt be No deveria haver expressa um desejo na negativa Eg: There shouldnt be so much pollution in the cities these days . Shouldnt there be? No deveria haver? pergunta na negativa esperando uma resposta Eg: Shouldnt there be more policemen patroling the streets after the robberies took place in the neighborhood? . There should have been Deveria ter havido expressa uma concluso e desejo no passado Eg: There should have been more care before the accident happened. Now it is too late! . Should have there been? Deveria ter havido? Expressa uma dvida no passado Eg: Should have there been more policemen here yesterday in order to avoid that terrible student fracas? . There shouldnt have been No deveria ter havido expressa um arrependimento Eg: There shouldnt have been so many cars in the same place at the same time, look at all this accident theyve caused! . Should not have there been? No deveria ter havido? expressa uma dvida no passado Eg: Shouldnt have there been more people helping us in those days? We were all left alone with the hardest work!10 MAY . There may be Pode haver expressa uma dvida por causa do uso do verbo may incerteza, talvez. Eg: There may be another way out of this situation, but I am not sure there is. . May there be? Pode haver? pergunta feita sem nenhuma certeza do resultado Eg: May there be any way out of this bad financial situation? . There may not be No pode haver expressa incerteza Eg: There may not be any more concert tickets available by now, lets call them to make sure. . May not there be? No pode haver? expressa incerteza na pergunta Eg: May not there be any more cars around by this time of night? . There may have been Pode ter havido expressa incerteza no passado Eg: There may have been more people involved in this crime, but I am not sure . May have there been? Pode ter havido? expressa incerteza no passado em forma de pergunta Eg: May have there been more people involved in this crime, or only one commiteed it? . There may not have been No pode ter havido expressa incerteza negativamente Eg: There may not have been so much trouble doing it, but I am not sure. . May not have there been? No pode ter havido? expressa incerteza em forma de pergunta na negativa Eg: May not have there been so much trouble doing it, in your opinion? I am not so sure MIGHT . There might be Poderia haver - expressa incerteza mais remota ainda do que may Eg: There might be more concert tickets to be sold, but I am almost sure there arent any by now . Might there be? Poderia haver? expressa dvida Eg: Might there be any chances for us to get concert tickets if we run? . There might not be No poderia haver expressa incerteza por uma ao que deveria ter sido tomada mas no foi Eg: There might not be any concert tickets available by now since nobody remembered to buy them . Might not there be? No poderia haver? expressa incerteza na negativa Eg: Might not there be any more chances for us to pass the exams even if we decided to study a little more? . There might have been Poderia ter havido expressa incerteza no passado Eg: There might have been more chances if we had run to get the concert tickets. Now it is too late to get them. 4

. Might have there been? Poderia ter havido? expressa incerteza no passado em forma de pergunta Eg: Might have there been any chances to get them if we had run faster? . There might not have been Poderia no ter havido expressa uma condio Eg: There might not have been any chances if we hadnt run faster. Thank God it worked all right! . Might not have there been? Poderia no ter havido? expressa uma condio na negativa em forma de pergunta Eg: Might not have there been any chances hadnt we run faster? OUGHT . There ought to be Deveria haver obrigao, similar ao verbo should em significado Eg: There ought to be more free universities available for poor students wishing to have a diploma and land better jobs. . Ought there to be? Deveria haver? Pergunta similar ao should em significado Eg: Ought there to be more jobs for the youth these days? . There ought not to be No deveria haver obrigao no sentido negativo Eg: There ought not to be so many crimes these days, we need peace of mind! . Oughtnt there to be? No deveria haver? Pergunta similar ao should em significado Eg: Oughtnt there to be more respect among friends? . There ought to have been Deveria ter havido Eg: There ought to have been more money for the election campaign of the president, he lost the elections for the position. . Ought there to have been? Deveria ter havido? similar ao should em significado, passado Eg: Ought there to have been more money for the election campaign so that the president could have won it? . There ought not to have been No deveria ter havido similar ao should em significado, passado Eg: There ought not to have been so many people at the concert, there was a fight to try to get closer to the singers on the stage . Ought not to have there been? No deveria ter havido? pergunta similar ao should em significado, no passado Eg: Ought not to have there been more good players in the championship? SHALL . There shall be Haver similar ao will Eg: There shall be no more poor people by the year 2050 . Shall there be? Haver? similar ao will Eg: Shall there by any poor people by the year 2050? I hope not . There shall not be No haver Eg: There shall not be any more deaths since the war is over . Shall not there be? No haver? Eg: Shall not there be any more deaths because of the end of the war? . There shall have been Ter havido Eg: There shall have been fewer jobs for people by the year 2020 . Shall have there been? Ter havido? Eg: Shall have there been more deaths by the end of the war? . There shall not have been No ter havido Eg: There shall not have been any more flights available by tomorrow evening . Shall not have there been? No ter havido? Eg: Shall not have there been any flights available by tomorrow evening?