Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Barcelona, 2009
1/15/2009 070110SS070110SS-1
9831 S. 51st Street, Suite E-122 Phoenix, Arizona 85044 P: 480-517-9050 F: 480-517-9049 Website: www.hydrosystems-inc.com
Recovery
Well
Stream-channel Modification
Sand Sand Pack Pack Perforated Perforated Casing Casing 1000' 1000'
Well 122
ASR 1
Geologic Cross-section
NAUSP CAWCD: Agua Fria IWDS North Scottsdale ASR Facility SRP/CAP Project Water Campus WestWorld RF
Application Submittal
100 days
19 5d ay s
295 Days
Permit Decision
Fountain Hills RF Global Water Company SRP/CAP Project Water Campus WestWorld RF
Application Submittal
30 days
90
30 days
s day Completeness
Determination
90
Completeness ys Determination a d
s da y
Technical Review
45 d
30
ays
60
da y s
221-284 Days
Permit Decision
266-329 Days
30 s day
a 30 d ys
30 days
75 da y s
GDW, LLC & City of Scottsdale North Scottsdale ASR Project City of Mesa Northwest Recharge
City of Tempe Kyrene Groundwater Recharge Project Vanderbilt Farms Harquahala Valley
Aquifer Testing
Recovery Wells
Municipal Wells
Municipal Wells
Chemical Treatment
Aqua Freed
Well Rehabilitation
Air Development
Sample Collection
Borehole Geophysics
Borehole Geophysics
Use of Geophysics
Surface Geophysics
Surface Geophysics
Field Sampling
Chloride Map
Groundwater Chemistry
Summary
HydroSystems, Inc. is the right choice for MAR because of our superior: Knowledge/Expertise Regulatory Relationships Practical Applications Operation Experience
The End
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Arizona
Estado Del Gran Caon Del Colorado The Grand Canyon State
Arizona
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Grand Canyon
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Arizona
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Phoenix
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Mexico
Nevada Utah
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Arizona
New Mexico
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Winter: El Ni Nio:
-
Alluvial
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Roosevelt Dam
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Groundwater Mining
Intense in the Agricultural Areas
Examples:
Unregulated Abstraction
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Groundwater Mining
Effects
Aquifer depletion - Increase in pumping lift - Change of groundwater flow regime: cones of depression closed basins Land subsidence - Fissures - Infrastructure collapse Groundwater quality deterioration
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Conservation Importation Augmentation and recharge Purchase and retirement of groundwater rights Re-use In situ and wellhead treatment Regulatory enforcement
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Water Conservation
Public education campaigns Economic incentives Regulatory control Establishment of areas of restricted groundwater use
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Establishes Active Management Areas (AMA) Guides and mandates progressive reduction of groundwater use Promotes augmentation Encourages re-use
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Water Importation
Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah directly import water from the Colorado River. Arizona, California and Utah built large aqueducts Colorado River water is allocated to each state by agreement. Regulated by the federal government: The Law of the River Arizona vs. California: 1963 Supreme Court Decision In Arizona groundwater can not be exported from one basin to another basin
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CAP Canal
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The Los Angeles Aqueduct: Owens Valley The Colorado River Aqueduct The California Aqueduct: The State Water Project
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da va Ne
Ar iz o na
a rni l ifo ct Ca du ue Aq
Bakersfield
M exico
North
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More intensive use of groundwater is for agriculture Buy and retire low producing agricultural land (fallowing) Use in Central Valley, CA: Kern Water Bank
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Water Re-Use
Municipal water reclamation - For industrial use: Palo Verde G.S. - For non-edible crop irrigation - For groundwater recharge Strong water quality restrictions: federal, state and local
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Water Re-Use
Soil Aquifer Treatment
Recovery Well Reclaimed Water Recovery Well
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Water Re-Use
Indirect Re-Use
Reclamation Plant Municipal Effluent Water Treatment I, II, III Recharge Basins Infiltration and S.A.T.
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Pre-treatment
I Treatment
Aeration
Clarification
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Z>A+B
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Direct subsurface
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Wells
Aquifer System
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Basin Management
To maximize water yield conjunctive water management should be used
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Basin Management
Integrated Water Management
Water Uses Water Sources
Potable
Surface
Agricultural
Industrial
Ground
Reclaimed
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Increase yield Increase the reliability of supply Improve the efficiency of a water system
Procedure
Divert and convey surplus surface water when available for aquifer storage in basins for later use when surface water is scarce or not available
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Comprehensive
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weather cycle
weather cycle
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Surface storage Dams/reservoirs Diversion elements Conveyance units Underground storage (recharge) facilities Abstraction (recovery units wells Water treatment plants W.T.P. and W.R.P.
Some components of the system may not be needed in the system or may be added later when the need arises example SRP
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recharge recharge
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In-lieu Recharge
Is the operation consisting of delivering a volume of surface water to a predominantly groundwater user who then refrains from pumping that same volume of water during an established period of time. Also referred to as INDIRECT GROUNDWATER RECHARGE. It is widely used in Arizona and California.
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Aerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation Ponds Ponds known as the Warner Basin and the Little Little Warren Basin
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Basin Management
Stream diversions Dam and reservoirs Aqueducts Total system (dams, reservoirs and aqueducts)
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Basin Management
In Santa Barbara County, California Completed in 1959 by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Water stored in the reservoir is released by gravity for spreading in the Santa Maria River Up to 80,000 M3/day are recharged Sufficient to overcome the 17E6 M3/Y of the Santa Maria Basin and stop seawater intrusion
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Basin Management
Vaquero Project
Vaquero Reservoir Water S pr ea di ng Sa nt a M ar ia
r ve Ri
Reservoir capacity 300E6 M3 Uses Conservation and flood control Water is released into the channel of the Santa Maria River for infiltration
Dam
Pacific Ocean
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Example of Aqueduct
Central Avra Valley Recharge Project
Basin Management
Tucson, Arizona Colorado River water conveyed by the central Arizona Project Aqueduct Recharge capacity 75E6 M3 Stored water in the Avra Valley Aquifer is recovered for potable supply for Tucson
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Imports Colorado River water to central and southern Arizona Distributes Arizonas Colorado River water allocation A result of the Arizona vs. California law suit Operated and managed by a State Institution the Central Arizona Water Conservation District (CAWCD) Delivers water for irrigation and municipal use
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Basin Management
Located in Orange County, California Storm runoff, reclaimed water and imported water is recharged by channel modification spreading and then recovered by wells in the same sub-basin Recharge capacity 250E6 M3/Y
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California
- San Francisco Bay area - Los Angeles Basin - The Central Valley (Kern County)
Arizona
- Salt River Valley - Lower Santa Cruz Valley - Las Vegas Valley
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Nevada
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da va Ne
Ar iz o na
a rni l ifo ct Ca du ue Aq
Bakersfield
M exico
North
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Location: South of San Francisco Bay Population: (+) 2,500,000 Principal Activity: High tech. The Silicon Valley Area: 1,300 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 330 mm History of Land and Water Use: More than 90% of supply was GW before 1950s all agriculture S > 75E6 M3/Y GWL declined 70M
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Land subsidence (> 5M @ San Jose) WQ deterioration from brines Seawater intrusion Increase in pumping costs
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Canals 4 (range of flow: 1m3/S 3.5 m3/S) Dams and reservoirs 13 (range of capacity: 500,000 m3 110,000.000 m3) Groundwater recharge facilities 20 (157 hectares of spreading basins) Pipelines 29 Pump station 4 Water treatment plants 3 Water reclamation plants - 3
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Imported water to the basin Artificial groundwater recharge was implemented A large pump tax was levied Seawater intrusion barrier was created
The imported water was purchased from the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project for both direct use and recharge
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Groundwater levels have stabilized Land subsidence has ceased Seawater intrusion has stopped
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Location: San Joaquin Valley Population: 600,000 Principal Activity: Agriculture Area: 20,000 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 180 mm History of Land and Water Use: More than 95% of the area is agriculture S > 620E6 M3/Y in 1950
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The overdraft has been reduced considerably S of 620E6 M3/Y in 1950 S of 490E6 M3/Y in 1987 S of <50E6 M3/Y in 1999
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The Worlds Largest Aquifer Storage Facility La Planta de Recarga Ms Grande del Mundo
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Geology
The most adequate setting for a large underground storage project
Large Kern River alluvial fan Formed by granitic, coarse clastic sediments from the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Underlain by the Corcoran clay unit within a trough the ideal underground tank
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Need of large volume of water for regional agriculture Three large water sources Existing infrastructure: Conveyance and extraction Excellent hydrogeologic conditions for aquifer storage
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Purpose
Securing a dependable water supply by Water Banking
Finalidad
Asegurar el suministro de agua de manera confiable usando la Banco de Aguas
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Location: Southern California Population: 16,000,000 Area: 1,200 KM2 Annual Mean Precipitation: 380 mm History of Land and Water Use: Before 1940: Agriculture/oil production/urban up to this time groundwater was the principal water source After 1950: Accelerated urbanization
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Up to the 1940s S >> 1.2E9 M3/Y Over pumping cause groundwater levels to drop 30M below sea level Severe seawater intrusion in the coastal area Wells deepened/and/or abandoned Land subsidence occurred Elevated cost of pumping
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Ocean
face r e t n tic I S ta
ic m a n Dy
ce a f r te n I
Sea Water
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Talbert Aquifer
Salt Water
Aquitard Aquitard
Aquitad Aquifer
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Large volumes of imported water Artificial groundwater recharge implemented Pump tax levied An extensive seawater intrusion barrier created Water reuse - recharge and indirect use
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Los Angeles Aqueduct From Owens Valley Colorado River Aqueduct Colorado River California Aqueduct State Water Project
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da va Ne
Ar iz o na
a rni l ifo ct Ca du ue Aq
Bakersfield
M exico
North
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Levied a pump tax Courts limit extraction to 360 E6 M3/Y Purchased imported water for recharge Constructed a seawater intrusion hydraulic barrier
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Aerial View of Two Orange Country Water District Percolation Ponds Ponds known as the Warner Basin and the Little Little Warren Basin
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for the city of Las Vegas Very rapid population growth water sources River water WTP on Lake Mead
- Colorado River water - Groundwater
Colorado
Water
management entities
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of ASR wells for recharge and recovery of surface water stored in the aquifer is predominantly done in the winter. Recovery in the summer concerning impacts to the groundwater quality largest ASR well field in the USA
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Recharge
No
The
Colorado River
WTP Lake Mead Pipeline Surface Storage
Bedrock
Alluvial Aquifer
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Irrigation
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SRP
Water Resources Management System
Components
Surface Water
Dams and reservoirs Water conveyance network: Canals and laterals Hydroelectric plants Measurement and monitoring network Operation and control stations
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SRP
Water Resources Management System
Dams and Reservoirs
Verde River
- Horseshoe 162E6 M3 - Bartlett 220E6 M3
NEVADA ARIZONA
River
Flagstaff
e rd Ve
R iver
Prescott
Payson
R iv er
CALIFORNIA
Waddell Dam
A gua
Co
lo ra
do
Phoenix
F ri a
R i ver
Horse Mesa Dam Mormon Flat Dam Granite Reef Dam Stewart Mtn. Dam
Gi la
R iver
Sa
Coolidge Dam
n
Gila Bend
Sa n ta
Cr uz
Yuma
Tucson
NEW MEXICO
R iver
o dr Pe
MEXICO
Ri ve
North
r
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River
Verde
r ve i R
Horse Mesa MSL Mormon Flat Dam 1914.00' 245,138 AF 130 MW 1660.50' MSL Dam
57,852 AF 59 MW
North
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SRP
Water Resources Management System
Water Conveyance
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Arizona Canal
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SRP
Water Resources Management System
Components
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R1W
R1E
SR VW U A
R2E
R3E
R4E
R5E
R6E
BELL RD.
Rive r
T3N
Ar iz on a
CAMELBACK MOUNTAIN
New
PEORIA
NORTHERN AVE.
Grand Canal
RI VE R
GLENDALE
Ca na l
FR IA
SCOTTSDALE
Cross Cut C an al
PAPAGO BUTTES
u So
th
na Ca
T2N
MC DOWELL RD.
AG UA
PHOENIX
T SAL R RIV E
SR VW U A
TEMPE
pe m al e T an C
T1N
BASELINE RD.
GIL A
MESA
Can a
Western Canal
115TH AVE.
Ca n a
GILBERT
19TH AVE.
GILBERT RD.
olida
POWER RD.
North
te d
PRICE RD.
40TH ST.
Cons
R VE RI
T1S
PECOS RD.
CHANDLER
T2S
HUNT HWY.
SRP
Water Resources Management System
Groundwater
Well
- 250 wells - Mean depth 370M - Mean capacity 180-200 L/S
SRP
Water Resources Management System
Groundwater System
Total pumping capacity 1.0E9 M3/Y Total underground storage capacity 260E6 M3/Y
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Granite Reef Underground Project, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Aerial view of delivery and recharge components
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Aquifer Storage
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North
Recharge Basins
#4
#3
#2 #1
#6 Salt River
#5
l na Ca D. . C. R. W
City of Mesa
l ana C uth So
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Compatibility
W at er
r te wa nd ou Gr
So ur ce
Stored Water
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SRP
Management
The surface and groundwater system are fully integrated and operate as a single unit by Conjunctive Water Management Water Sources
Salt and Verde Rivers Water Groundwater Central Arizona Project (CAP) Water Reclaimed Water (in the future)
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Verde in S.
Cap in S.
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Capacity:
Interagency
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Cavecreek Carefree
Peoria Scottsdale
ri zo na
Ca n
al
Grand
X-Cut
Ca na
Paradise Valley
Ari
zon
Canal
h ut So n Ca al
Buckeye
Tolleson
Can al
Mesa
Tem p
Guadalupe
Avondale
Chandler
rn ste e W
Canal
Apache Junction
Tempe
Gilbert
Goodyear
Queen Creek
North
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112030
112025
112020
112015
EXPLANATION
725
Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1991. Interval 25 feet. Dashed w here approximately located. Hachures indicate areas of closed contours
84
60
Rive Riv r er
33040
89
T 4 N Glendale
r er ve Riiv R
82
El Mirage
Sun City T 3 N
85 0
75 0
80
0 72
33035
77 5 0 75
Fria Fria
Ne w
72
33030
75
T 2 N
5 77 0 80 82 5 85 0 875
10
Phoenix
A gua
85
Goodyear
33025
Buckeye
Gi la
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
River
t Sa l
0 0 5 Kilometer
5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
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112030
112025
112020
112015
EXPLANATION
980
Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1923. Interval 20 feet.
1 ,2
00
1,240 1,220
1 ,18 0
84 89 60
1 ,16 0
1,140
33040
T 4 N Glendale
1 ,12 0
R iv
er
1 ,1 0
1, 0
80
33035
T 3 N
1,040 1,020
Fria
1,060
Ne
1,000
33030
A gua
9 80
T 2 N
Phoenix
960
10
9 40
Goodyear
85
920
33 25
Buckeye
900
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
la Gi la
River
t Sa l
0 0 5 Kilometer
5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
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112030
112025
-200
112020
112015
-250 -300
33040
84 89 60
-3
T 4 N
00
Glendale
er R iv
T 3 N
- 3 00
Fr ia
33030
T 2 N
-250
Phoenix
-200 -150
10
Goodyear Buckeye
33 25
0
Agua
- 100
85
-50
EXPLANATION
50
Line of Equal WaterLevel Change, in Feet.
Spring 1923 to Spring 1977 Interv al 50 feet
T 1 N
r iv e tR Sa l
Gila
Avondale
River
0 0 5 Kilometer 5 Mile
R2W
R1W
R1E
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EXPLANATION
725 Water-Table Contour
Shows altitude of water table 1991. Interval 25 feet. Dashed where approximately located. Hachures indicate areas of closed contours
89 60
R iver
33040
84
T 4 N Glendale
R iv er
85 0
75 0
82
80
0 72
33035
77 5 0 75
T 3 N
72
Ne
Fria
33030
75
5 77 0 80 82 5 85 0 875
10
Recharge Site
Phoenix
T 2 N
A gua
85
Goodyear
33025
Buckeye
Gi la
Avondale
r R ive
T 1 N
0 0
North
5 Mile 5 Kilometer
River
t Sa l
R2W
R1W
R1E
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Well Recharge
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R1W
R1E
SR VW U A
R2E
R3E
R4E
R5E
R6E
BELL RD.
Rive r
T3N
Ar iz on a
NORTHERN AVE.
Ne w
PEORIA
Grand Canal
RI VE R
GLENDALE
Ca na l
FR IA
SCOTTSDALE
Cross Cut C an al
u So
th
na Ca
T2N
MC DOWELL RD.
AG UA
PHOENIX
T SAL R RIV E
SR VW U A
30.0E 5.9N
pe m al e T an C
T1N
BASELINE RD.
TEMPE
GIL A
MESA
Ca n a
Western Canal
115TH AVE.
Ca n a
GILBERT
19TH AVE.
GILBERT RD.
olida
POWER RD.
North
te d
PRICE RD.
40TH ST.
Cons
R VE RI
T1S
PECOS RD.
CHANDLER
T2S
HUNT HWY.
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CYL. FILTER #1
P3,4
V2
LE
V3
LE P7
TANK 3
TANKS 2
P8
P5,6
P1,2
FS
P9
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Scottsdale, Arizona An AWWT plant: The most advanced technology in North America: 80,000 m3/d A WTP for CAP water: 200,000 m3/d One step beyond water factory 21 (Orange County, California)
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CAP water to potable grade municipal effluent to advanced II advanced II to potable grade storage by:
Aquifer
Pre-treatment
I Treatment
Aeration
Clarification
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Presa Romana
Siglo I
Mrida, Espaa
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Conclusions
The use of Conjunctive Water Management will maximize the efficiency and costeffectiveness of a water system. This water system could be for irrigation, urban, industrial or multi-purpose. The application of this water management practice has been very successful in the semiarid areas of the Southwestern United States but is also applicable in more humid regions
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