Application Engineering Application Engineering

B
AE4-1327 R6 Economized Vapor Injection (EVI) Compressors
SECTION PAGE 1. Introduction ........................................................ 1 2. Theory of Operation ........................................... 1 3. Nomenclature .................................................... 1 4. ARI Low Temperature Ratings ........................... 3 5. Approved Refrigerants ....................................... 3 6. Approved Oils .................................................... 3 7. Power Requirements ......................................... 3 8. Application Envelope ......................................... 3 9. Control Requirements ........................................ 4 10. Discharge Temperature Control ......................... 4 10.1 Thermistor ............................................... 4 10.2 Discharge Line Thermostat ..................... 4 10.3 Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling ..... 5 11. TXV and Heat Exchanger ................................... 8 12. System Conguration ......................................... 8 12.1 Downstream Extraction ........................... 8 12.2 Upstream Extraction ............................... 8 12.3 Heat Exchanger Piping Arrangements .... 8 13. System Design Guidelines ................................. 9 13.1 Heat Exchanger Sizing ........................... 9 13.2 Line Sizing ............................................ 10 13.3 Heat Exchanger TXV Sizing ................. 10 13.4 Solenoid Valve & Ball Valve .................. 10 13.5 Current Sensing Relay .......................... 10 13.6 Multiple Compressor Applications ......... 10 14. Controlling Liquid Out Temperature .................. 11 1. Introduction The refrigeration Economized Vapor Injection (EVI) compressor was developed to provide improved capacity and efciency. EVI compressor systems benet over standard refrigeration compressor systems of equivalent horsepower due to the following: Capacity Improvement - The capacity is improved by increasing the h (change in enthalpy) in the system rather than increasing mass ow. This is accomplished without increasing compressor displacement.

U U L LL E L T E I B

N T

AE-1327 R5

February 2011

Increased Energy Efciency Ratio (EER) - The efciency improves due to the fact that the gain in capacity is greater than the increase in power that the compressor consumes. Cost and Energy Advantage - Because a smaller horsepower compressor can be used to achieve the same capacity as a larger horsepower compressor, there is an inherent cost advantage.

2. Theory of Operation Copeland EVI scroll compressors are equipped with an injection connection for Economizer Operation. Economizing is accomplished by utilizing a subcooling circuit similar to that shown in Figure 1. This mode of operation increases the refrigeration capacity and in turn the efciency of the system. The benets provided will increase as the compression ratio increases, thus, more gains will be made in summer when increased capacity may actually be required. The schematic shows a system conguration for the economizer cycle. A heat exchanger is used to provide subcooling to the refrigerant before it enters the evaporator. This subcooling process provides the increased capacity gain for the system, as described above. During the subcooling process a small amount of refrigerant is evaporated and superheated. This superheated refrigerant is then injected into the mid compression cycle of the scroll compressor and compressed to discharge pressure. This injected vapor also provides cooling at higher compression ratios, similar to liquid injection of standard ZF Scroll compressors. 3. Nomenclature The EVI compressor has a model designation as follows, with the sixth digit shown as a "V": ZF18KVE-TFD. The model numbers include the nominal capacity without the economizer cycle for R-404A refrigerant at 60 Hz Low Temperature ARI rating conditions. (See Model Designation diagram on Page 3.)

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5

Figure 1 Circuit Diagram and Cycle for EVI (Upstream extraction shown here. See Section 12 for details.) Definition(s) Tc Tli Tlo Pi Tsi Tvo Tvi Tsc M I THX TSC Description Condensing temperature Liquid temperature entering H/X Subcooled liquid leaving H/X Intermediate Pressure Saturated temperature at intermediate pressure Vapor temperature leaving H/X Vapor temperature entering H/X Liquid subcooling in H/X Evaporator Mass Flow Vapor Injection Mass Flow Liquid temp out H/X-Liquid-Saturated temperature at intermediate pressure Liquid temp in to H/X-subcooled liquid temp out H/X

The P-h diagram shows the theoretical gain in system performance achieved by using the economizer cycle. The extension outside of the vapor dome is what allows for the extra enthalpy increase in the evaporator, enhancing system performance. Although power increases due to the vapor injection into the compressor, there is still an efciency gain given that the capacity gains exceed the power increase.

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5
Model Designation 6. Approved Oils Polyol Ester (POE) lubricants are the only lubricants approved for the EVI compressor. For a complete list of approved POE lubricants, refer to Form 93-11, Emerson Accepted Refrigerants/Lubricants. 7. Power Requirements EVI compressors are only available for three phase power. 8. Application Envelopes
Medium Temperature ZF**KVE Envelope (R-404A/R-507)
Condions: 65F Return Gas, 260F Max DLT

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Z = Compressor Family: Z = Scroll F = Low Temperature Nominal Capacity [BTU/h] @ 60 Hz and ARI low temperature conditions using multipliers K for 1000, without vapor injection Vapor Injection for EVI Operation POE Oil Motor Version Bill of Material Number

Evaporang Temperature (C)

-29 150 140 130 120 60 55 49 43 38 32 27 21 16 10 4 -1 -7 -12 -18 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -23 -18 -12 -7 -1 5 10

Condensing T Temperature (F)

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

4. ARI Low Temperature Ratings (-25F/105F, R-404A) Model With EVI* ZF13KVE 20,100 Btu/hr ZF18KVE 29,200 Btu/hr ZF24KVE 34,200 Btu/hr ZF33KVE 47,900 Btu/hr ZF40KVE 62,500 Btu/hr ZF48KVE 72,000 Btu/hr *Maximum possible subcooling ARI Low Temperature Ratings (-25F/105F, R-407A) Model ZF13KVE ZF18KVE ZF24KVE ZF33KVE ZF40KVE
1
2

Without EVI 13,000 Btu/hr 18,000 Btu/hr 24,000 Btu/hr 33,000 Btu/hr 40,000 Btu/hr 48,000 Btu/hr

Evaporang Temperature (F)

Figure 2
Low Temperature ZF**KVE Envelope (R-404A/R-507)
Condions: 65F Return Gas, 260F Max DLT

Evaporang Temperature (C)

-46 150 140 130 120 60 55 49 43 38 32 27 21 16 10 4 -1 -7 -12 -18 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -40 -34 -29 -23 -18

With EVI1,2 15,700 Btu/hr 23,600 Btu/hr 27,500 Btu/hr 38,100 Btu/hr 48,800 Btu/hr

Without EVI1 12,000 Btu/hr 17,600 Btu/hr 20,800 Btu/hr 29,000 Btu/hr 37,000 Btu/hr

Condensing T Temperature (F)

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Dew point pressures assumed Maximum possible subcooling

Evaporang Temperature (F)

Note: For performance of ZF*KVE models with other refrigerants, refer to the Online Product Information at www.emersonclimate.com 5. Approved Refrigerants R404A, R507 and R407A are approved for use with Copeland EVI scroll compressors. R407A requires the use of Demand Cooling for low temp operation.

Figure 3
* For other return gas conditions contact your Application Engineer for Demand Cooling requirements.

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Condensing g Temperature (C)

Condensing g Temperature (C)

The EVI rating curves have been developed to incorporate performance improvements while utilizing the economizer cycle. The capacity displayed is with maximum possible subcooling at the exit of the subcooling heat exchanger. Compressor performance information can be obtained by accessing the Online Product Information (OPI) database at www. emersonclimate.com.

Application Engineering B
Evaporang Temperature (C)
-29 150 140 130 120 60 55 49 43 38 32 27 21 16 10 4 -1 -7 -12 -18 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -23 -18 -12 -7 -1 5 10

AE-1327 R5

Medium Temperature ZF**KVE Envelope (R-407A)

Condions: 65F Return Gas, 260F Max DLT

For models ZF13KVE-TF*, ZF18KVE-TF* use one of the following two methods for discharge temperature control. 10.1 Thermistor
Condensing Temperature (C)

Condensing Temperature (F)

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

For low temperature applications with R-407A, Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling is required for use to run all conditions within the approved operating envelope. Additional information on Demand Cooling is discussed in Section 10.3. A thermistor in the compressor control circuit is used to protect against high discharge temperatures and must be wired to the rack control systems. The cut out temperature is to be set at 280F. The temperature resistance values for the sensor can be found in Appendix A. The thermistor must conform to the curve characteristics outlined in Appendix A. The table expresses the ratio of the resistance at the indicated temperature and the resistance at 77F (25C). The resistance at 77F (25C) is 86Kohms nominal. The curve t is Ratio = 0.8685e-0.257x, where x = resistance at the indicated temperature. NOTE: The system controller must open the contactor when the discharge line temperature exceeds 280F 10.2 Discharge Line Thermostat Another method of discharge temperature control is the use of a discharge line thermostat. It is required in the compressor control circuit. The thermostats have a cut out setting that will insure discharge line temperatures below the 260F (127C) maximum

Evaporang Temperature (F)

Figure 4
Low Temperature ZF**KVE Envelope (R-407A)
Condions: 65F Return Gas, 260F Max DLT

Evaporang Temperature (C)

-46 150 140 130 120 60 55 49 43 38 32 27 21 16 10 4 -1 -7 -12 -18 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 -40 -34 -29 -23 -18

Condensing Temperature (F)

110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Evaporang Temperature (F)

Figure 5 9. Control Requirements See Figure 6 for a detailed schematic for this system (shown for a single compressor application). The gure also shows the upstream extraction method for tapping the liquid for the heat exchanger; see Section 12 for additional details. 10. Discharge Temperature Control A discharge temperature control is not required on all compressors. Models ZF24KVE-TW*, ZF33KVE-TW*, ZF40KVETW*, ZF48KVE-TW* have an internal temperature sensor and no other discharge temperature control is required for applications using R-404A or R-507. No thermistor or thermostat is required when using Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling for low temperature applications.

Condensing Temperature (C)

Figure 6

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5
limit. (This value differs from the cut out value set on the thermistor because the temperature is measured closer to the discharge gas from the scroll when using the thermistor.) The discharge line thermostat should be installed approximately 7 (178mm) inches from the discharge tube outlet. If a service valve is installed at the discharge tube outlet, the thermostat should be located 5 (127mm) inches from the valve braze. For proper functioning, it is recommended the thermostat should be insulated to protect it from a direct air stream. Kits have been set up to include the TOD thermostat, retainer, and installation instructions. These thermostats must be used with " O.D. discharge lines to ensure proper thermal transfer and temperature control. They work with either 120 or 240 volt circuits, and are available with or without an alarm circuit capability. See Table 1 for a list of discharge line thermostat kit numbers. 10.3 Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling The Demand Cooling system uses modern electronics to provide a reliable cost effective solution to high internal discharge temperatures encountered in low temperature applications using R-407A. Demand Cooling has traditionally been applied to the Copeland Discus product line to control high internal discharge temperatures that exceed the safe temperature limit for long term stability of refrigeration oil. Emerson Climate Technologies has now approved the use of Demand Cooling for the Copeland Economized Vapor Injection (EVI) scroll product line using low temperature R-407A. The integration of Demand Cooling with EVI scroll creates a wet-injection approach to discharge temperature control. Emerson has approved the following EVI scrolls for use in low temperature applications with Demand Cooling: ZF13KVE ZF(D)18KVE ZF24KVE ZF33KVE ZF40KVE The Demand Cooling module uses the signal of a discharge line temperature sensor to monitor discharge gas temperature. If a critical temperature is reached, Table 1 - Discharge Line Thermostat Kit Numbers Kit Number 998-7022-02 998-0540-00 998-0541-00 Conduit Connector Yes No No Alarm Contact Lead No No Yes the module energizes a long life injection valve which meters a controlled amount of saturated refrigerant into the vapor injection line. The injection will continue until the discharge line temperature reaches a lower preset temperature. This process controls the discharge temperature to a safe level. If, for some reason, the discharge temperature rises above a preset maximum level, the Demand Cooling module will turn the compressor off (requiring a manual reset) and actuate its alarm contact. The injection valve orice has been carefully chosen to be large enough to provide the necessary cooling when required but not so large that a dangerous amount of liquid is injected, or that excessive system pressure uctuation occurs during injection valve cycling. It is important to use the correct valve for the EVI scroll. Performance data for Demand Cooling compressors includes the effects of injection when it is required. The approximate conditions where injection occurs are shown previously in Figure 5 for R-407A. At the conditions where Demand Cooling is operating, the performance values are time averages of the instantaneous values, since small uctuations occur as the Demand Cooling injection valve cycles. The Demand Cooling system addresses the capacity and efciency issues by limiting injection to those times when it is required to control discharge temperatures to safe levels. For most applications this will only be during periods of high condensing temperatures, high return gas temperatures, or abnormally low suction pressure. The Demand Cooling system has been designed to meet the same high reliability standards as Scroll compressors. Demand Cooling System Design When Demand Cooling operates, it diverts refrigeration capacity in the form of injected saturated refrigerant from the vapor injection circuit to the compressor (See Figure 7 for a typical single system schematic). Demand Cooling injects a small amount of liquid to the vapor injection stream to cool the discharge. This does not affect the mass ow signicantly. However, when the valve injects the system will lose some capacity because the EVI pressure increases and thus decreases EVI performance. Note! A separate Demand Cooling kit is required for each compressor. The injection valve should be installed as close as possible to the compressor vapor injection inlet, no more than 3 feet. The line MUST be well insulated. If

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L
M
TO CONTROL CIRCUIT

L
L A

T
S

AE-1327 R5

DEMAND COOLING CONTROL MODULE

LIQUID LINE FILTER DRIER

RECEIVER

INJECTION VALVE ELECTRICAL CONTROL LINE TEMP SENSOR LINE

CONDENSER
HX TXV

MANUAL SHUTOFF VALVE

INJECTION LINE FILTER

SIGHT GLASS

INJECTION SOLENOID VALVE

TEMP SENSOR

HX

LIQUID INJECTION LINE VAPOR INJECTION LINE

COMPRESSOR

TXV

EVAPORATOR

SUCTION LINE FILTER

ACCUMULATOR

Figure 7 - Typical Single Compressor System Schematic with Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling there is substantial heat gain along the vapor injection line, injection may result in a substantial loss in vapor injection capacity during Demand Cooling operation. In order to minimize this loss, good practice indicates Demand Cooling operation be kept to a minimum through proper system design and installation practices. There are three areas which can be addressed to minimize the impact of Demand Cooling operation on performance: 1. Compressor Return Gas Temperature: Suction lines should be well insulated to reduce suction line heat gain. Return gas superheat should be as low as possible consistent with safe compressor operation. 2. Condensing Temperatures: It is important when using R-407A as a low temperature refrigerant that condensing temperatures be minimized to reduce compression ratios and compressor discharge temperature. 3. Suction pressure: Evaporator design and system control settings should provide the maximum suction pressure consistent with the application in order to have as low a compression ratio as possible. Demand Cooling With Copeland Digital Compressor Controller In order to control a Copeland Digital Scroll compressor, the Copeland Digital Compressor Controller (P/N 943-0086-00) may be used in multiple compressor applications. The digital compressor controller has its own discharge temperature protection. However, for applications requiring Demand Cooling, the Demand Cooling module should have primary control of the temperature protection. To ensure the Demand Cooling system functions appropriately, jumper the T1 and T2 inputs on the Copeland Digital Compressor Controller, with a 5kOhm, 1 Watt resistor. Demand Cooling System Components The Demand Cooling system consists of: the discharge line temperature sensor, the Demand Cooling module, and the injection valve solenoid. The Emerson kit numbers for each scroll model are shown in Table 3 (next page). Demand Cooling Specications Demand Cooling is designed to operate and protect the compressor within the evaporating and condensing envelope identied in Figure 5. Operating setpoints and control actions are listed in Table 4.

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5

**

controls such as high/low pressure controls and * Protection compressor motor protection module go here. ** Polarity must match system controller

OR 5kOhm, 1W RESISTOR (for Demand Cooling Applications)

Note: The Neutral to L1, M1, U1, V1 is connected together.

Figure 8 - Digital Compressor Controller Wiring Diagram Table 3 - Copeland Scroll Demand Cooling Kits Kit 120V Demand Cooling for Copeland Scroll Kit 240V Demand Cooling for Copeland Scroll Kit Table 4 Discharge Line Temperature Rising Through 258F Falling Through 237F Rising Through 286F At Room Temp (77F) Demand Cooling Module Operation Demand Cooling Solenoid ON Demand Cooling Solenoid OFF Alarm Contact Energized Demand Cooling Solenoid OFF Approximate Sensor Resistance 3,820 5,000 2,620 86,000 (when compressor has cooled) Part Number 998-1000-50 998-1000-51

Note! Discharge line temperatures are measured externally and are for reference only.

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5
Demand Cooling Wiring Schematic The figure below shows a recommended wiring schematic for the Demand Cooling assembly. 12. System Conguration There are two methods of controlling refrigerant ow at the heat exchanger - downstream and upstream extraction. 12.1 Downstream Extraction The downstream extraction is the preferred method employed in the United States. In downstream extraction the TXV is placed between the liquid outlet and vapor inlet of the heat exchanger. The advantage of downstream extraction is that subcooling is ensured because the liquid is further subcooled as it ows through the heat exchanger. Therefore, more subcooled liquid enters the TXV which increases the probability that the valve will not hunt. The disadvantage with this method is that it is not as efcient as the upstream method; however, the difference is too small for practical purposes. See Figure 10. 12.2 Upstream Extraction Figure 9 The normally closed (NC) contact of the alarm relay (L-M) should be wired in the compressor contactor control circuit so that opening this contact removes the compressor from the line and removes power to the CM. 11. Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) & Heat Exchanger In order to properly use an Enhanced Vapor Injection compressor a thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) and heat exchanger are needed in the system. Emerson provides a kit that has these components properly sized for the ZF13 and ZF18 single compressor applications, see Table 5. For multiple compressor applications, the subcooling components may be designed using the subcooling load and pressure and temperature data provided by the EVI calculator program. Table 5
Model 24V ZF13 ZF18 ZF24 ZF33 ZF40 ZF48 120V 240V Kits Include: TXV, Solenoid Valve, Current Sensing Relay, Heat Exchanger 9859859851500-00 1500-01 1500-02 9859859851500-00 1500-01 1500-02 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

In upstream extraction the TXV is placed between the condenser and the heat exchanger. The TXV regulates the ow of subcooled refrigerant out of the condenser and into the heat exchanger. With this type of conguration there is a potential for ash gas which would cause the valve to hunt. See Figure 11. 12.3 Heat Exchanger Piping Arrangements Best subcooling effect is assured if counter ow of gas and liquid is provided as shown (see Figure 12). In order to guarantee optimum heat transfer, the plate heat exchanger should be mounted vertically and vapor should exit it at the top.
Condenser Outlet
VOT

LIT

Vapor Outlet to Compressor

SIT

Heat Exchanger
UT

TXV
LOT

Figure 10 - Downstream Extraction

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B
Vapor Out Liq. In TXV SIT

U
Cond. Out

AE-1327 R5

Liq. Out Vapor In

The key parameter in determining the proper heat exchanger is the Saturated Injection Temperature (SIT). It is imperative the following procedure be followed for optimized performance. The SIT has been derived experimentally and can be approximated by using Figure 13. After determining the SIT, a 10F Condenser Subcooling, TD, and Superheat are targeted. This is done in order to optimize system performance while at the same time maintaining system reliability and functionality. Once these parameters have been established, the heat exchanger Btu/Hr capacity can be established, which gives the required heat exchanger size.

Figure 11 - Upstream Extraction

VO = Vapor temperature leaving H/X VI = Vapor temperature entering H/X LI = Liquid temperature entering H/X LO = Subcooled liquid leaving H/X

Figure 12 - H/X Piping Arrangement 13. System Design Guidelines: NOTE: The following sections discuss system design guidelines for the EVI product. Please refer to the Emerson Product Selection Software, which can be found in the Online Product Information (OPI) database located at www.emersonclimate.com, for further information needed to accommodate your sizing needs. 13.1 Heat Exchanger Sizing Heat exchangers should be sized so that they have adequate design margin for the entire range of system operation, but they should be optimized for normal operating conditions. The parameters used to determine the proper heat exchanger size are described below: SIT = Heat Exchanger saturated evaporating temperature at its outlet pressure. LIT = Liquid in Temp ~ Condensing Outlet LOT = Liquid Out Temp = SIT + TD VIT = Vapor In Temp ~ SIT + Loss VOT = Vapor Out Temp = SIT + Superheat H = Enthalpy Subcooling = LIT - LOT Superheat = VOT - SIT TD = LOT- SIT Figure 13

Example of Heat Exchanger Sizing Optimized ZF18KVE 404A Step 1 Know Conditions -25/105/0/65 Te / Tc / Cond SC / Suct RG Step 2 Determine Flow Me From Product Data Step 3 Estimate SIT From Guideline Step 4 Use the 10 Guidelines To Derive LIT = T - 10 LOT = SIT + 10 HX SC = LIT - LO = (T - SIT-20) HX Btu/hr =M x (Hft - Hlot) =355 x (47.0 - 20.1) 355 lb/hr

12

95 22 73 9550

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5
solenoid sized equivalent to or larger than the vapor injection tube size. For minimum orice sizes see Table 6. For service purposes, a mechanical ball valve (not provided by Emerson) is also recommended in the vapor injection line. Table 6
Model ZF13 ZF18 Minimum Orifice Size 3/16" 3/16" 1/4" 1/4" 5/16" 5/16" Flow Control Valve Series 200RB 3 200RB 3 200RB 4 200RB 4 200RB 5 200RB 5

Example of Heat Exchanger Sizing Fixed Liquid Temperature ZF18KVE 404A Step 1 Know Conditions Te / Tc / Cond SC / Suct RG Step 2 Determine Flow M From Product Data Step 3 Use the 10 Guideline LIT = T - 10 LOT user defined HX SC = LIT - LO HX [Btu/hr] = M x (Hft - Hlot) = 355 x (47.0 - 29.7) -25/105/0/65

355 lb/hr

95 50 45 6140

ZF24 ZF33 ZF40 ZF48

For multiple compressor applications the same process can be used to determine the heat exchanger size needed by adding together the individual heat exchanger capacities for each compressor. 13.2 Line Sizing In single compressor applications, the vapor injection line from the heat exchanger to the compressor should be 3/8" - 1/2" and kept as short as possible in order to minimize pressure drop loss. The liquid line from the heat exchanger to the evaporator should be insulated and kept as short as possible in order to maximize the subcooling at the evaporator. If a vapor injection header is used, the header diameter should be such that the cross-sectional area is equal to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the individual cross-sectional lines to the compressor. For example, for four compressors, each with a 3/8" vapor injection line, the header tube diameter should be a 7/8" tube. In addition, the individual injection lines to the compressors should tap into the header either on top or on the sides of the header tube; a bottom tap will increase the risk of returning liquid into the compressor through the vapor injection line. 13.3 Heat Exchanger TXV Sizing TXV's should be sized so that they have adequate design margin for the entire range of system operation, but they should be optimized for normal operating conditions. Select a TXV that is able to handle the Btu/hr capacity of the heat exchanger determined in the section above. 13.4 Solenoid Valve & Ball Valve A solenoid valve is required to stop the ow of vapor from the system to the compressor when the compressor is in the off cycle. This must be a vapor

13.5 Current Sensing Relay To prevent the solenoid from remaining open during a "motor protector trip" a current sensing relay must be provided that senses whenever the compressor is "off" and closes the solenoid to stop injection. See Table 5 for a kit with the correct current sensing relay. 13.6 Multiple Compressor Applications EVI can also be used in multiple compressor applications. Unlike a standard compressor system, the EVI compressor system changes its delivered capacity by changing the amount of sub-cooling provided at the sub-cooling heat exchanger. The result is that in high ambient temperature conditions (summer operation) and in low ambient temperature conditions (winter operation), the same number of compressors tend to run. It is important to note this since most personnel are used to seeing fewer compressors in operation in the cooler winter months compared to the hotter summer months; with EVI, almost the same number of compressors will be running in the summer and winter. Multiple EVI compressors can be used with either a single heat exchanger for each compressor or a common heat exchanger for all compressors. In case of a common heat exchanger, a solenoid valve should be installed on each individual vapor injection line. Special care has to be given to the design of the heat exchanger and of the thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) to allow for part load operation. Good refrigerant distribution is required in the common heat exchanger as well as sufcient velocities for oil return, even at part load. In the case of a large range of capacity modulation (more than 2 compressors in parallel), the use of an

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

10

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5
Electronic Expansion Valve (EXV) or of two different TXV(s) controlled by individual solenoid valves, may improve performance. For example, one at 100% full load and the second solenoid valve for 30% of full load. (See Figures 14 and 15). It is necessary to ensure that the solenoid valves, vapor injection lines and header(s) are adequately sized in order to keep pressure drop to a minimum. At the same time, the layout should be such that excessive amounts of oil do not accumulate in the header. 14. Controlling Liquid Out Temperature (LOT) The LOT will typically be determined by the operating condition of the compressor. If the LOT needs to be xed at any specic value (for example, 50F) for purposes of good system control, an Evaporator Pressure Regulator (EPR) valve may be introduced at the vapor outlet of the subcooling heat exchanger. Table 7 shows approximate EPR settings for different liquid temperature. Emerson Climate Technologies Product Selection Software can be used to determine the effect of xing LOT on the capacity and efciency of the compressor. See Figures 15 and 16 on the following page. Table 7 R-407A (Based on Dew Point Properties) Subcooler Liquid Out Temperature, F 60 50 40 Approximate EPR Setting, psig (psia) 86.1 (100.8) 69.4 (84.1) 54.8 (69.5) Figure 15 EVI Paralleling with HX Electronic Expansion Valve (EXV)

Figure 14 EVI Paralleling with HX Thermostatic valves of different capacity

*Assumes a 10F DT across EVI Heat Exchanger R-404A (Based on Dew Point Properties) Subcooler Liquid Out Temperature, F 60 50 40 Approximate EPR Setting, psig (psia) 103.6 (118.3) 85.4 (100.1) 69.3 (84.0)

*Assumes a 10F DT across EVI Heat Exchanger

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

11

Application Engineering B U L L E T I N
AE-1327 R5

Economizer Settings Defaults To Automatic For Maximum Sub-cooling

Maximum Sub-cooling Obtained

Figure 16 Screenshot of Emerson Climate Technologies Product Selection Software Showing the Maximum Sub-cooling Obtained When the Default Automatic is Selected for Economizer Settings.

Economizer Settings Is Set To Constant Liquid Temp. For Fixing Liquid Out Temperature (LOT)

Liquid Temperature Is Fixed At Input Value

Figure 17 Screenshot of the Product Selection Software Showing the Constant Liquid Temperature at Outlet of the Subcooling Heat Exchanger.
2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

12

Application Engineering B
Temp -40C -39C -38C -37C -36C -35C -34C -33C -32C -31C -30C -29C -28C -27C -26C -25C -24C -23C -22C -21C -20C -19C -18C -17C -16C -15C -14C -13C -12C -11C -10C -9C -8C -7C -6C -5C -4C -3C -2C -1C 0C 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C Ratio 33.60000 31.44900 29.45200 27.59700 25.87300 24.27000 22.76100 21.35700 20.05100 18.83400 17.70000 16.63420 15.64040 14.71340 13.84820 13.04020 12.28070 11.57100 10.90750 10.28680 9.70600 9.15880 8.64630 8.16620 7.71620 8.29400 6.89570 6.52190 6.17110 5.84150 5.53190 5.23920 4.96400 4.70520 4.46170 4.23240 4.01530 3.81090 3.61820 3.43670 3.26540 3.10300 2.94980 2.80520 2.66860 2.53960 2.41710 Temp 7C 8C 9C 10C 11C 12C 13C 14C 15C 16C 17C 18C 19C 20C 21C 22C 23C 24C 25C 26C 27C 28C 29C 30C 31C 32C 33C 34C 35C 36C 37C 38C 39C 40C 41C 42C 43C 44C 45C 46C 47C 48C 49C 5C 6C 7C

U
Ratio 2.30130 2.19180 2.08830 1.99030 1.89720 1.80900 1.72550 1.64640 1.57140 1.50000 1.43230 1.36810 1.30710 1.24930 1.19420 1.14180 1.09210 1.04490 1.00000 0.95710 0.91640 0.87760 0.84070 0.80560 0.77200 0.74010 0.70960 0.68060 0.65300 0.62660 0.60140 0.57740 0.55460 0.53270 0.51170 0.49180 0.47270 0.45440 0.43700 0.42030 0.40420 0.38890 0.37430 2.53960 2.41710 2.30130

L
Temp 8C 9C 10C 11C 12C 13C 14C 15C 16C 17C 18C 19C 20C 21C 22C 23C 24C 25C 26C 27C 28C 29C 30C 31C 32C 33C 34C 35C 36C 37C 38C 39C 40C 41C 42C 43C 44C 45C 46C 47C 48C 49C 95C 96C 97C 98C

E
Ratio 2.19180 2.08830 1.99030 1.89720 1.80900 1.72550 1.64640 1.57140 1.50000 1.43230 1.36810 1.30710 1.24930 1.19420 1.14180 1.09210 1.04490 1.00000 0.95710 0.91640 0.87760 0.84070 0.80560 0.77200 0.74010 0.70960 0.68060 0.65300 0.62660 0.60140 0.57740 0.55460 0.53270 0.51170 0.49180 0.47270 0.45440 0.43700 0.42030 0.40420 0.38890 0.37430 0.07870 0.07641 0.07420 0.07206

I
Temp 99C 100C 101C 102C 103C 104C 105C 106C 107C 108C 109C 110C 111C 112C 113C 114C 115C 116C 117C 118C 119C 120C 121C 122C 123C 124C 125C 126C 127C 128C 129C 130C 131C 132C 133C 134C 135C 136C 137C 138C 139C 140C 141C 142C 143C 144C

N
Ratio 0.07000 0.06800 0.06612 0.06430 0.06255 0.06085 0.05920 0.05760 0.05605 0.05456 0.05310 0.05170 0.05027 0.04889 O.04755 0.04625 O.04500 0.04372 0.04248 0.04128 0.04012 O.03900 O.03793 0.03690 0.03590 0.03494 0.03400 0.03315 0.03233 0.03153 0.03075 0.03000 0.02926 0.02854 0.02784 0.02716 0.02650 0.02586 0.02525 0.02465 0.02407 0.02350 0.02295 0.02242 0.02190 0.02139

AE-1327 R5

Appendix A Temp 145C 146C 147C 148C 149C 150C 151C 152C 153C 154C 155C 156C 157C 158C 159C 160C 161C 162C 163C 164C 165C 166C 167C 168C 169C 170C 171C 172C 173C 174C 175C 176C 177C 178C 179C 180C 181C 182C 183C 184C 185C 186C 187C 188C 189C 190C Ratio 0.02090 0.02039 0.01990 0.01942 0.01895 0.01850 0.01801 0.01754 0.01708 0.01663 0.01620 0.01584 0.01549 0.01515 0.01482 0.01450 0.01418 0.01388 0.01358 0.01328 0.01300 0.01275 0.01250 0.01226 0.01203 0.01180 0.01157 0.01134 0.01112 0.01091 0.01700 0.01049 0.01029 0.10090 0.00989 0.00970 0.00949 0.00928 0.00908 0.00889 0.00870 0.00853 0.00837 0.00821 0.00805 0.00790

2010 Emerson Climate Technologies Printed in the U.S.A.

13