UNIT 10

Lighting Branch-Circuit Bathrooms, Hallway

OBJECTIVES
After studying this unit, the student should be able to list equipment grounding requirements for bathroom installations. draw a wiring diagram for the bathroom and hallway. understand Code requirements for receptacles installed in bathrooms. understand Code requirements for receptacle outlets in hallways. discuss fundamentals of proper lighting for bathrooms.

Circuit A14 is a 15-ampere branch-circuit that supplies the lighting outlets and receptacle outlet in the hallway, and the vanity lighting in both bathrooms. The receptacle outlets in the bathrooms are supplied by separate circuits A22 and A23. This is a Code requirement, discussed later in this unit and in Unit 15. Table 10-1 summarizes outlets and estimated load for the bathrooms and bedroom hall.

Note that each bathroom shows a ceiling heater/light/fan that is connected to separate circuit J and K. These are discussed in detail in Unit 22. A hydromassage tub is located in the bathroom serving the master bedroom. It is connected to a separate circuit A and is also discussed in Unit 22. The attic exhaust fan in the hall is supplied by a separate circuit L, also covered in Unit 22.

DESCRIPTION Receptacles @ 120 W each Vanity luminaires (fixtures) @ 200 W each Hall luminaire (fixture) TOTALS

VOLTQUANTITY WATTS AMPERES 1 2 010 4 120 400 100 620 120 400 100 620

Table 10-1 Bathroom and bedroom hall: outlet count and estimated load (Circuit A14). The receptacles in the master bathroom and hall bathroom are not included in this table as they are connected to separate 20-ampere branch-circuits A22 and A23.

LIGHTING BRANCH-CIRCUIT A14 FOR HALLWAY AND BATHROOMS Figure 10-1 and the electrical plans for this area of the home show that each bathroom has a luminaire (fixture) above the vanity mirror. Some typical luminaires (fixtures) are shown in Figure 10-2. Of course, the homeowner might decide to purchase a medicine cabinet complete with a self-contained luminaire (lighting fixture). See Figure 10-3, which illustrates how to rough-in the wiring for each type. These luminaires (fixtures) are controlled by singlepole switches at the doors.
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A14

A12

HEATVENTLIGHT CIRCUIT A22 SSSSS HEAT VENT

S3

A23

GFCI

A11

NIGHT LIGHT SSSSS S3

LIGHT

VANITY LIGHT

HEATVENTLIGHT CIRCUIT

DETAIL OF SWITCH ARRANGEMENT IN BATHROOMS

BATHROOMSHALL

Figure 10-1 Cable layout for the master bathroom, hall bathroom, and hall. Layout includes lighting Circuit A14, two circuits (A11 and A12) for the heat/vent/lights, and two circuits (A22 and A23) for the receptacles in the bathrooms. The special purpose outlets for the hydromassage tub, attic exhaust fan, and smoke detector are covered elsewhere in this text.

Figure 10-2 Typical vanity (bathroom) luminaires (lighting fixtures) of the side bracket and strip types. Courtesy of Progress Lighting.

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B
BE SURE TO BRING CABLE OR CONDUIT IN AT PROPER LOCATION. IT IS BEST TO HAVE THE ACTUAL MEDICINE CABINET OR INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS TO DETERMINE EXACT LOCATION OF CABLE KNOCKOUT.

MOUNT BOX TO PROVIDE ENOUGH CLEARANCE BETWEEN LUMINAIRE (LIGHTING FIXTURE) AND MIRROR

FRAMED OPENING FOR RECESSED MEDICINE CABINET

FRAMED OPENING FOR RECESSED MEDICINE CABINET THAT COMES COMPLETE WITH A LUMINAIRE (LIGHTING FIXTURE)

Figure 10-3

Two methods most commonly used for roughing-in the wiring for lighting above a vanity.

You must remember that a bathroom (powder room) should have proper lighting for shaving, combing hair, grooming, and so on. Mirror lighting can accomplish this, because a mirror will reflect what it sees. If the face is poorly lit, with shadows on the face, that is precisely what will be reflected in the mirror. A luminaire (lighting fixture) directly overhead will light the top of ones head, but will cause shadows on the face. Mirror lighting and/or adequate lighting above and forward of the standing position at the vanity can provide excellent lighting in the bathroom. Figure 10-4, Figure 10-5, and Figure 10-6 show pictorial as well as section views of typical soffit lighting above a bathroom vanity.

Bathroom Receptacles The NEC in Article 100 defines a bathroom as an area including a basin, with one or more of the following: a toilet, a tub, or a shower. See Figure 10-7. Bathroom receptacles are required to be GFCI protected per 210.8(A)(1) as discussed in Unit 6. At least one wall receptacle shall be installed within 3 ft (900 mm) of the outside edge of each basin, and must be located on a wall or partition adjacent to the basin, 210.52(D). Receptacles shall not be installed face-up on counters or work surfaces, 406.4(E). At least one 20-ampere branch circuit must be provided for receptacles in bathrooms, 210.11(C)(3). This separate 20-ampere branch-circuit shall not

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WRONG

RIGHT

Figure 10-4 Positioning of bathroom luminaires (lighting fixtures). Note the wrong way and the right way to achieve proper lighting.

FIXTURE

JUNCTION BOX

END CUTAWAY OF SOFFIT SHOWING RECESSED INCANDESCENT LUMINAIRES (FIXTURES) IN TYPICAL SOFFIT ABOVE BATHROOM VANITY. TWO OR THREE LUMINAIRES (FIXTURES) GENERALLY INSTALLED TO PROVIDE PROPER LIGHTING. TYPICAL INCANDESCENT RECESSED SOFFIT LIGHTING OVER BATHROOM VANITY

Figure 10-5 Incandescent soffit lighting. Refer to Unit 7 for minimum clearance Code requirements for installation of recessed luminaires (fixtures).

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CEMENT BOARD

F40 SP30/RS/WM

DRYWALL END CUTAWAY VIEW OF SOFFIT ABOVE BATHROOM VANITY SHOWING RECESSED FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRES (FIXTURES) CONCEALED ABOVE TRANSLUCENT ACRYLIC LENS TYPICAL FLUORESCENT RECESSED SOFFIT LIGHTING OVER BATHROOM VANITY. NOTE ADDITIONAL INCANDESCENT SIDE-OF-MIRROR LIGHTING.

Figure 10-6

Combination fluorescent and incandescent bathroom lighting.

THIS IS A BATHROOM. (BASIN, TOILET)

THIS IS A BATHROOM. (BASIN, TOILET, TUB)

THIS IS NOT A BATHROOM. (BASIN ONLY)

THIS IS A BATHROOM EVEN THOUGH A DOOR SEPARATES THE AREA INTO TWO PARTS.

Figure 10-7 The Code in Article 100 defines a bathroom as an area including a basin with one or more of the following: a toilet, a tub, or a shower.

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supply any other outlets, except that if the circuit supplies a single bathroom, then that 20-ampere branch-circuit is permitted to supply other electrical equipment in the same bathroom. The other equipment shall not exceed 10 amperes which is 50 percent of the 20-ampere branch-circuit. The intent of 210.11(C)(3) is to take bathroom receptacles off of the lighting branch-circuits in homes. In many instances, overloads caused by plugging in high-wattage hair dryers and similar high-wattage appliances have resulted in total loss of power to that particular branch-circuit. The present wording of 210.11(C)(3) permits more than one bathroom to be connected to the one required separate 20-ampere branch-circuit. In this text, we have chosen to run a separate 20-ampere branch-circuit A22 to the receptacle in the master bedroom bathroom, a separate 20-ampere branch-circuit A23 to the receptacle in the hall bathroom, and another separate 20-ampere branchcircuit B21 to the receptacle in the powder room located near the laundry. These separate circuits are included in the general lighting load calculations, so no additional load need be added.

GENERAL COMMENTS ON LAMPS AND COLOR Incandescent lamps (light bulbs) provide pleasant color tones, bringing out the warm red flesh tones similar to those of natural light. This is particularly true for the soft white lamps. Fluorescent lamps available today provide a wide range of coolness to warmth. Rated in degrees Kelvin (i.e., 2500K, 3000K, 3500K, 4000K, 5000K, etc.), the lower the Kelvin degrees, the warmer the color tone. Conversely, the higher the Kelvin degrees, the cooler the color tone. Warm fluorescent lamps bring out the red tones, whereas cool fluorescent lamps tend to give a persons skin a pale appearance. Thus, you will find many types of fluorescent lamps, each providing different color tones and different efficiencies. These might be marked daylight D (very cool), cool white CW (cool), white W (moderate), and warm white WW (warm). These categories break down further into a deluxe X series, specification SP series, and specification deluxe SPX series. Unit 7 of this text discusses some basics of lighting. The Instructors Guide lists some lamp manufacturers publications that cover the subject of lighting in greater detail. HANGING LUMINAIRES (FIXTURES) IN BATHROOMS No parts of cord-connected lumnaires (fixtures), hanging lumnaires (fixtures), lighting track, pendants, or ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans shall be located within a zone measuring 3 ft (900 mm) horizontally

Receptacles in Bathtub and Shower Spaces Because of the obvious hazards associated with water and electricity, receptacles are not permitted to be installed in bathtub and shower spaces, 406.8(C).

3 FT (900 mm)

3 FT (900 mm)

3 FT (900 mm)

Figure 10-8 No parts of cord-connected luminaires (lighting fixtures), hanging luminaires (fixtures), lighting track, pendants, or ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans shall be located above the tub and the area within 3 ft (900 mm) measured horizontally from the top of the bathtub rim (top view), 410.4(D).

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and 8 ft (2.5 m) vertically from the top of the bathtub rim, 410.4(D). Figure 10-8 projects the top view of the 3 ft (900 mm) restriction. Figure 10-9 shows both the allowable installation and Code violations of the given dimensions. Recessed or surface mounted lumnaires (lighting fixtures) and recessed exhaust fans may be located within the restricted zone.

run to Main Panel A has been brought into this ceiling outlet box.

HALLWAY LIGHTING The hallway lighting is provided by one ceiling lumnaire (fixture) that is controlled with two three-way switches located at either end of the hall. The home

RECEPTACLE OUTLETS IN HALLWAYS One receptacle outlet has been provided in the hallway as required in 210.52(H), which states that for hallways of 10 ft (3 m) or more in length, at least one receptacle outlet shall be required. For the purpose of determining the length of a hallway, the measurement is taken down the centerline of the hall, turning corners if necessary, but not passing through a doorway, Figure 10-10. EQUIPMENT GROUNDING With few exceptions, equipment with exposed metal parts that could become energized shall be grounded. This includes such things as luminaire (fixtures), in-the-wall and baseboard electric heaters, metal faceplates, medicine cabinets that have lighting, and similar items. Equipment that must be grounded is itemized in 250.110, 250.112 and 250.114.

CODE VIOLATION

THIS IS OK

8 FT (2.5 m)

TUB

3 FT (900 mm) 3 FT 9 IN. (1.14 m)

8 FT 9 IN. (2.67 m)

THIS IS OK

CODE VIOLATION

8 FT (2.5 m)

3 FT (900 mm) SUNKEN TUB

3 FT (900 mm)

Figure 10-9 No parts of cord-connected luminaires (fixtures), hanging luminaires (fixtures), lighting track, pendants, or ceiling- suspended (paddle) fans shall be allowed in the shaded areas, 410.4(D).

Figure 10-10 The centerline measurement of the bedroom hallway in this residence is 12 ft 6 in. (3.81 m), which requires at least one wall receptacle outlet, 210.52(H). This receptacle may be installed anywhere in the hall. The Code does not specify a location.

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In general, according to 250.110, all exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment must be grounded if they are within 8 ft (2.5 m) vertically or 5 ft (1.5 m) horizontally of the ground or other grounded metal objects. if the ground and the electrical equipment can be touched at the same time. if they are located in wet or damp locations, such as in bathrooms, showers, and outdoors. if they are in electrical contact with metal. This requirement includes such things as metal lath, aluminum foil insulation, and metal sidings. Equipment is considered grounded when it is properly and permanently connected to metal raceway, the armor of armored cable or metal-clad cable, the equipment grounding conductor in nonmetallicsheathed cable, or a separate equipment grounding conductor. Of course, the means of grounding (the metal raceway, the armored cable, or the equipment grounding conductor in the nonmetallic-sheathed cable) must itself be properly grounded. A list of cord- and plug-connected appliances in residences that must be grounded is found in 250.114(3). The second paragraph of 250.114 is an exception to the main rule. This exception

accepts double insulation or its equivalent in lieu of grounding. Many hand-held appliances, such as electric drills, electric razors, and electric toothbrushes, make use of the double insulation technique. Such appliances have a two-wire cord and two-wire plug cap instead of three-wire cord that has an equipment grounding conductor and a three-wire plug cap that has a ground prong. Double-insulated appliances are clearly marked to indicate that they are double insulated.

Immersion Detection Circuit Interrupters Another way to protect people from electrical shock is to use grooming appliances that are equipped with a special attachment plug-cap that is a liquid IDCI. IDCIs are discussed in Unit 6. Switches in Wet Locations Do not install switches in wet locations, such as in bathtubs or showers, unless they are part of a listed tub or shower assembly, in which case the manufacturer has taken all of the proper precautions, and submitted the assembly to a recognized testing laboratory to undergo exhaustive testing to establish the safety of the equipment. See 404.4.

REVIEW
1. List the number and types of switches and receptacles used in Circuit A14.

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2. There is a three-way switch in the bedroom hallway leading into the living room. Show your calculation of how to determine the box size for this switch. The box contains cable clamps.

3. What wattage was used for each vanity luminaire (fixture) to calculate the estimated _ load on Circuit A14? ___________________________________________________ 4. What is the current draw for the answer given in question 3?

5. Exposed noncurrent-carrying metallic parts of electrical equipment must be grounded if installed within ___________ ft (___________ m) vertically or ___________ ft (___________ m) horizontally of bathtubs, plumbing fixtures, pipes, or other grounded metal work or grounded surfaces. 6. What color are the faceplates in the bathrooms? Refer to the specifications. _____________________________________________________________________ 7. Most appliances of the type commonly used in bathrooms, such as hair dryers, electric shavers, and curling irons, have two-wire cords. These appliances are ____________________ insulated or ________ ________ ________ ________ protected. 8. a. The NEC in section __________ requires that all receptacles in bathrooms be ________ protected. b. The NEC in section __________ requires that all receptacles in bathrooms be connected to one or more separate 20-ampere branch-circuits that serve no other outlets. c. The NEC in section __________ permits the additional required 20-ampere branch-circuit for bathroom receptacles to supply more than one bathroom. d. The NEC in section __________ permits other electrical equipment to be connected to the additional required 20-ampere branch-circuit for bathroom receptacles, but only if the branch-circuit supplies a single bathroom and the other equipment is located in that same bathroom. e. The NEC in section __________ prohibits mounting receptacles in bathrooms face-up in the countertops and work surfaces near basins. 9. Hanging luminaires (lighting fixtures) must be kept at least ________ ft (________ m) from the edge of the tub as measured horizontally. In bathrooms with high ceilings, where the hanging luminaire (fixture) is installed directly over the tub, it must be kept at least _________ ft (_________ m) above the edge of the tub.

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10. The following is a layout of a lighting circuit for the bathroom and hallway. Using the cable layout shown in Figure 10-1, make a complete wiring diagram of this circuit. Use colored pencils or pens.
A14

VANITY

VANITY NOTE: CEILING HEAT/VENT/ LIGHT AND RECEPTACLE OUTLET IN BATHROOM NOT ON THIS CIRCUIT. THESE ARE ON CIRCUITS A22 AND A23.

BATHROOMS HALLWAY

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11. Circle the correct answer as to whether a receptacle outlet is required in the following hallways.
RECEPTACLES

SCALE: 1/4 IN. = 1 FT

REQUIRED

NOT REQUIRED

SCALE: 1/4 IN. = 1 FT

REQUIRED

NOT REQUIRED

SCALE: 3/8 IN. = 1 FT

REQUIRED

NOT REQUIRED

SCALE: 1/8 IN. = 1 FT

REQUIRED

NOT REQUIRED

SCALE: 1/2 IN. = 1 FT

REQUIRED

NOT REQUIRED