Chapter 10

Rotation of a Rigid Body About a Fixed Axis David Chien

Background
While we may have studied the movement and kinematics of objects in two dimensions, our current knowledge is limited to movement along a straight line. This chapter covers the basics of considering movement in the second dimension, but around a fixed axis of rotation.

Major Topics
-Angular quantities -Rotational kinetic energy -Moments of inertia -Torque -Rolling motion Useful Equations = = = 1 = ! 2 = ! = 1 1 = ! ! 2 2 1 1 = ! + ! 2 2 =

Vocabulary
-Radian (): the angular quantity for distance -Omega (): the angular quantity for speed -Alpha (): the angular quantity for acceleration -Moment of inertia: important to note here is the difference between center of mass and moment of inertia; the moment of inertia depends of the axis of rotation, whereas the center of mass is always the same for a single object -Parallel axis theorem: a useful tool to find moment of inertia around two different axes of rotation -Torque (): the rotational equivalent of force -Moment arm: also referred to as the lever arm, this is the length along which the torque is applied

Diagrams
S ! = ! + 1 ! = ! + ! + ! 2 ! ! = ! ! + 2(! ! ) 1 ! = ! + (! + ! ) 2 ! = ! + 1 ! = ! + ! + ! 2 ! ! ! = ! + 2(! ! ) 1 ! = ! + (! + ! ) 2

Structure of the equations is the same, just replacing the variables

Moments of inertia

Disk (solid cylinder): ! ! Hoop (thin cylindrical shell): ! Long thin rod through center: !" ! Solid Sphere: ! !
! !

Hollow cylinder: ! (! ! + ! ! ) Rectangular plate:

! !"

(! + ! )
!

Long thin rod through end: ! ! Thin spherical shell: ! !

!

Torque
Axis

Moment arm

Problems & Solutions

1) A solid ball bearing rolls down an incline raised by 15 above the horizontal. This ball bearing, of mass 5 kg and radius 3 cm, rolls for 5 meters before being brought to rest by an outside force. If its velocity just before being brought to rest is 5 m/s, what is the total kinetic energy of the ball bearing? m=5 kg r=.03m
5m

15 Draw a free body diagram and show all relevant work. Solve for Ktotal Fn

1 1 !"!#$ = ! + ! 2 2 ! 1 2 1 !"!#$ = ! ! ! ! ! + ! 2 5 2 1 1 7 !"!#$ = ! + ! = ! 5 2 10 7 (5)(5)! = 87.5 !"!#$ = 10

Ffric

tion

Plug in values and solve Fg 2) A torque of force F is applied along a moment arm of length .5 meters and mass 3 kg. If the force (10N) is applied at an angle 50 above the axis of the arm, what is the resulting angular acceleration of the arm? How far will the arm rotate after 15 seconds?

! = 10 sin(50) = 7.66 = = (. 5)(7.66) = 3.83 = 1 1 3.83 = ! = (3)(. 5)! 3 3 3.83 = .25 = 15.32 !! 1 ! = ! + ! + ! 2 1 ! 1 ! = = (15.32)(15)! 1720 2 2

Find torque Axis .5 m 50

10 N

Use F=ma model in angular form and solve for angular acceleration

1720 275.7 2
3

3) A block of mass m is attached to the end of a rope that is wrapped around a pulley of radius R and mass M. Using m, M, R, and g, find the tension in the string and the acceleration of the mass.

-R

= 1 = ! ! ! 2 Need to find and = 2 plug in acceleration ! ! = 2 2 + = = 2 +

= ! = = = ! 2+ = = 2 + !