Information: Base Station System Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x

Information
Base Station System Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x

A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x
Information Base Station System
Important Notice on Product Safety

DANGER - RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR DEATH - FOLLOW ALL INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS. The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected to the system must comply with the applicable safety standards. Hazardous voltages are present at the AC power supply lines in this electrical equipment. Some components may also have high operating temperatures. Failure to observe and follow all installation and safety instructions can result in serious personal injury or property damage. Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.
The same text in German: Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit LEBENSGEFAHR - BEACHTEN SIE ALLE INSTALLATIONSHINWEISE. Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Alle an das System angeschlossenen Gerte mssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfllen. In diesen Anlagen stehen die Netzversorgungsleitungen unter gefhrlicher Spannung. Einige Komponenten knnen auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen. Nichtbeachtung der Installations- und Sicherheitshinweise kann zu schweren Krperverletzungen oder Sachschden fhren. Deshalb darf nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal das System installieren und warten.
Caution:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with EN 301489. Its class of conformity is defined in table A30808-X3247-X910-*-7618, which is shipped with each product. This class also corresponds to the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the relevant standards referenced in the manual Guide to Documentation, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. For system installations it is strictly required to choose all installation sites according to national and local requirements concerning construction rules and static load capacities of buildings and roofs. For all sites, in particular in residential areas it is mandatory to observe all respectively applicable electromagnetic field / force (EMF) limits. Otherwise harmful personal interference is possible.
Trademarks: All designations used in this document can be trademarks, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of their owners.
Copyright (C) Siemens AG 2004.

Issued by the Information and Communication Mobile Group Hofmannstrae 51 D-81359 Mnchen Technical modifications possible. Technical specifications and features are binding only insofar as they are specifically and expressly agreed upon in a written contract.
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
Reason for Update

Summary: First edition for the new release BR 7.0 Details: Chapter / Section 1 4 4.6 4.8 4.14 5 Reason for Update Revised table 1.1. Revised gure 4.1 Revised chapter. Revised chapter. Revised chapter. Revised table 5.4
Issue History
Issue 1 Date of Issue 08/2004 Reason for Update First edition for new release BR 7.0
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
This document consists of a total of 69 pages. All pages are issue 1.
Contents
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Hardware architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Board redundancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Power amplifier output level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Rack configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 BS2x racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 BS6x racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Basic configurations and system expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Examples of possible BTSE configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BS-20 main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BS-21 main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BS-60/61 main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specific features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BTSE clock accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synchronization to links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synchronization, delays, jitter in multidrop configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number of BTSs per PCM link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frequency hopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Software architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radio and terrestrial channel handling (call processing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signaling channel handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation and Maintenance functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 36 37 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 42
Description of modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 BUS 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 BUS 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Core Controller (CCTRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Master Clock (MCLK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Baseband and Signal Processing Unit (BBSIG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Link Interface (LI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Universal LI for primary access (LIPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Alarm and Control Unit (ALCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Transceiver and Processor Unit (TPU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Power Amplifier (PA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Filter Combiner (FICOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Receiver Antenna Module (RXAMOD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Receiver Multi Coupler (RXMUCO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO) + DUCOM Receiver Filter (RXFIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
4.16 4.17
4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 6 7
Duplex Combiner (DUCOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO) + Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter (RXFIL) + Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM) or Filter Combiner (FICOM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Duplexer and Low Noise Amplifier Module (DULAMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 HPDU (High Power Duplexer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 DUCOM 4:1 Emulator (D4EM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Generic Power Supply Unit (GPSU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Antenna combiners and receiving paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Methods of combining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Combiner losses (Tx path) and output power level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Receiving paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Antenna diversity techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Antenna system modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Receiver sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Power supply and battery backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
Illustrations
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 Internal architecture with simplex antennas (HYCOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Internal architecture with simplex antennas (FICOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Internal architecture with duplex antennas (DUCOM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Internal architecture with duplex Antennas (DULAMO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 BS20 indoor rack layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 BS21E outdoor cabinet layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 BS22 outdoor cabinet layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 BS60 indoor rack layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 BS61E outdoor cabinet layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Single Cell (3): Tx Path - Single Cell (3): Rx Path with Diversity . . . . . . 24 Single Cell (3): Tx/Rx Paths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Single Cell (5): Tx path - Single Cell (5): Rx Path with Diversity . . . . . . 25 Multi-cell (2,2,2): Tx Path - Multi-cell (2,2,2): Rx Path with Diversity . . . 26 Multi-cell (1,3,2): Tx Path - Multi-cell (1,3,2): Rx Path with Diversity . . . 27 Multi-cell (1,3,1): Tx Path - Multi-cell (1,3,1): Rx Path with Diversity . . . 27 Multi-cell (4,4,4): Simplified Rack Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Single Cell (6,0,0) Tx/Rx Path with Synthesizer Hopping and diversity 30 BTSE Software Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Module tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Receive path RXAMOD + RXMUCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Receive path RXFIL + RXAMCO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Receive path RXFIL + RXAMCO with FICOM (HYCOM) . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Schematic block diagram of DULAMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Up to 6 carriers per cell with FICOM and DULAMO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Up to 4 carriers per cell with DUCOM and DULAMO (on air combining) 53 Schematic block diagram of HPDU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 FICOM or HYCOM and HPDU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 D4EM connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Tx /Rx decoupling antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Duplexer types and internal architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 BS6x, BS2x DUCOM 2:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 BS6x DUCOM 4:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 BS21, BS22 DUKIT 2*1:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Receiving path without preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Functional architecture of the receiver antenna module . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Receiving path with preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Receiver sensitivity without preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Receiver sensitivity with low noise amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
Tables
Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. Tab. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 2.1 2.2 2.3 5.1 5.2 5.3 Power Amplifier Output Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Rack Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Power Supply Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Core Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Transceiver Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Tx Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Rx Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Outdoor Mandatory Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Rx Equipment per Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Transceiver Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Tx Equipment per Additional Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Rx Equipment per Additional Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Rack Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Power Supply Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Core Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Transceiver Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Tx/Rx equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Rx Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Rx Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 BTSE Products up to 2 Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 BTSE Products up to 6 Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Resulting delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Available HW Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Amplifier Output Power Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Combiner Loss and Output Power Level after Combining (GSM) for 25 Watt and 60 Watt PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Combiner Loss and Output Power Level after Combining (DCS/PCS) for 25 Watt and 40 Watt PA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Battery Backup Times. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Tab. 5.4 Tab. 6.1
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
1 Hardware architecture
The BTS functional blocks of the BS6x and BS2x are shown in Fig. 1.1, Fig. 1.2, Fig. 1.3 and Fig. 1.4. HYCOM Hybrid Network PA LI B RXMUCO TRXA TRXD TPU RXMUCO Ext.Alarm DIVERSITY Controls ALCO U S RXAMOD 1 BBSIG MCLK B U S 2 Abis Interface
RXAMOD CCTRL T interface 1+1 redundancy LMT
multiple units: (carrier related) Fig. 1.1 Internal architecture with simplex antennas (HYCOM)
ALCO BBSIG CCTRL HYCOM LI LMT MCLK
Alarm and Control Base Band and Signal Processing Core Controller Hybrid Combiner Link Interface Local Maintenance Terminal Master Clock
PA RXAMOD RXMUCO TPU
Power Amplifier Receiver Antenna Module Receiver Multicoupler Transceiver Processor Unit (TRXA = analog part TRXD = digital part)
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
FICOM
PA Abis Interface LI B U
RXFIL RXAMCO
TRXA TRXD TPU
S 1
MCLK B U BBSIG S 2
RXMUCO
RXFIL
RXAMCO
DIVERSITY
Ext.Alarm Controls ALCO T interface
CCTRL
RXMUCO 1+1 redundancy
LMT
multiple units: (carrier related) Fig. 1.2 Internal architecture with simplex antennas (FICOM)
ALCO BBSIG CCTRL FICOM LI LMT MCLK
Alarm and Control Base Band and Signal Processing Core Controller Filter Combiner Link Interface Local Maintenance Terminal Master Clock
PA RXAMCO RXFIL RXMUCO TPU
Power Amplifier Receiver Antenna Module and Multicoupler Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter Receiver Multicoupler Transceiver Processor Unit ((TRXA = analog part TRXD = digital part)
10
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
PA DUCOM TXFIL RXFIL TXFIL RXFIL RXAMCO RXAMCO DIVERSITY TPU Ext.Alarm Controls ALCO 1+1 redundancy T interface LMT multiple units: (carrier related) PA B U TRXA TRXD S 1 BBSIG MCLK LI
Abis Interface
B U S 2
CCTRL
Fig. 1.3
Internal architecture with duplex antennas (DUCOM)
ALCO BBSIG CCTRL DUCOM LI LMT MCLK PA
Alarm and Control Base Band and Signal Processing Core Controller Duplex Combiner Link Interface Local Maintenance Terminal Master Clock Power Amplifier
RXAMCO RXFIL TPU
TXFIL
Receiver Antenna Module and Multicoupler Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter Transceiver Processor Unit (TRXA = Analog part TRXD = Digital Part) Transmitter Frequency Bandpass Filter
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
11
DULAMO
TXFIL RXFIL LNA ACOM
Abis Interface
PA
LI B U
TXFIL RXFIL LNA
RXMUCO or RXAMCO RXMUCO or RXAMCO
TRXA
S 1
MCLK
B U
TRXD TPU
Ext.Alarm Controls ALCO
BBSIG
S 2
CCTRL 1+1 redundancy

T interface
LMT multiple units: (carrier related)
Fig. 1.4
Internal architecture with duplex Antennas (DULAMO)
ACOM ALCO BBSIG CCTRL DULAMO LI LMT LNA MCLK PA
Antenna Combiner Alarm and Control Base Band and Signal Processing Core Controller Duplexer and Low Noise Amplifier Module Link Interface Local Maintenance Terminal Low Noise Amplifier Master Clock Power Amplifier
RXAMCO RXMUCO RXFIL TPU
TXFIL
Receiver Antenna Module and Multicoupler Receiver Multicoupler Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter Transceiver Processor Unit ((TRXA = analog part (TRXD = digital part) Transmitter Frequency Bandpass Filter
The connection between the signal processing unit (BBSIG) and the relevant TPU is established via BUS1. The BUS1 Layer 1 data format and timing are compatible with the organization of the physical layer on the radio path. The BUS2 is used to distribute all the information from the Link Interface (and hence from the BSC) to the BBSIG and BTSE control. It is installed in every rack as a duplicated PCM30-oriented system (in which, for the D1900 application, Timeslot 0 and Timeslots from 24 to 31 are always disregarded). Each transceiver supports transmission and reception related to a group of 8 "physical channels" forming one TDMA frame on the radio interface ("Um interface"). The following types of power amplifiers are available for each application (also refer to the "BTSE Hardware Architecture" and "Power Amplifier Output Level" Sections for more details) in terms of nominal power measured at the amplifier output: 50 W, 40 W and 25 W for the D900 version, 25 W and 35 W for the D1800, 35 W for the D1900, 25 W and 40 W for GSM-R.
12
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
The low power types are currently referred to as PA (40 and 25 W) and the high power type is referred to as HPA (35 and 50 W).
1.1
Board redundancy
The design of the SBS is particularly intended to ensure the highest possible reliability. This is achieved by a sophisticated security and redundancy concept. Core redundancy for the BTSE modules is not required, due to the high MTBF figures. The representative configuration demonstrates this: in an OMNI configuration with 2 TRX and diversity, the MTBF for a complete BTSE is in excess of 5 years. In addition, the ALCO incorporates on-board redundancy. The AC/DC and GPSU units within the BTSE entities can be supplied in an n+1 redundant configuration. TRX redundancy is supported via automatic BCCH reconfiguration.
1.2
Power amplier versions Low power (PA) High power (HPA) Tab. 1.1
Power amplier output level

D900 output power at PA output 25, 40 Watt 60 Watt D1800 output power at PA output 25 Watt 40 Watt 40 Watt D1900 output power at PA output
Power Amplier Output Level The indicated power values are the values guaranteed at the amplifier output as nominal values; they may vary by about 1-2 dB. BS22 is equipped with 25 W PA only.
i 1.3
1.3.1
Rack conguration
BS2x racks
The BS2x family, with two transceivers per rack, can be supplied in three versions: a BS20 for indoor installation (with integrated power supply and small battery), a BS21 for outdoor installation (also equipped with a cooling system), and a BS22 for indoor and outdoor wall mounting (with new compact cabinet) The BTSE modules are illustrated in Fig. 1.5, Fig. 1.6 and Fig. 1.7.
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13
ACOM
Dimensions: Height = 775 mm Width = 600 mm Depth = 450 mm
A A B B L C L B B I / C S S D O I I G G C *
M C L K
C C T R L
P T P T A P A P U U
ACOM can be: FANS R RR R XXXX M MM M U UU U C CC C O OO O FP HYCOM or DUKIT *only for AC
GPSU
D C P A
D C T P U
D C P A
D C T P U
Fig. 1.5
BS20 indoor rack layout
The outdoor cabinet BS21 contains: the BS20 GSM electronics, the climate control equipment, integrated microwave or NTPM
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A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
cabling access DUCOM (DUKIT) and Fuse Panel AIR OUTLET H e a t E x c h a n g e r A c o u s t i c A t t e n u a t o r
A C / D C
A C / D C
A L C O
B B S I G
B B S I G
M L C P T P T C I C A P A P T U L U R K L
FANS G
BATTERY
P S U
XX MM UU CC
R R R R D
O O O O
XX C C C C MM P T P T UU CC A P A P
U U
AIRINLET 2HU for Fig. 1.6
Wave or 2 NTPM
BS21E outdoor cabinet layout
Features to enhance ease of installation and service include: back-to-back mounting, back-to-wall mounting, vandal-proof construction, weather protection for servicing and equipment The BS22 outdoor/indoor cabinet contains: the BS20 electronics. the climate control equipment, the power supply.
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Left Side View BLOCK E X T E R N A L F A N S FAN
Front Side View BLOCK FAN
Right Side View BLOCK FAN W i O t u h t d H o e o a r t C o v e r E x c h a n g e r
T P T P A P U U
P A
RF Boards: PA + TPU
Digital Boards: + CCTRL + MCLK + LI + ALCO
B B S I G
A L C O
B LMC B I C C S L T I K R G L
RR R R X X X X Cable A A A A duct MM M M CC C C OO O O DUCOMT
RXAMCO +Cable duct
Fuse Panel +ACMDC
FUSE PANELACMDC
DUCOMT
Cable Access
Cable Access

Fig. 1.7 BS22 outdoor cabinet layout Features to enhance ease of installation and service include: suitability for wall-mounted arrangements, modular concept, facilitating the installation process and reducing the installation time to less than 1 working day (typically about 5 hours). a symmetrical layout, in which the boards can be installed from either the left or right hand side, easy front access to all boards to simplify servicing, when required.
1.3.2
BS6x racks
A BS6x family, with six transceivers per rack, which is expandable up to eighteen transceivers in three racks and can be supplied in two versions: a BS60 for indoor installation, and a BS61 for outdoor installation (also equipped with integrated link equipment, battery backup and a cooling system). The BS6x racks are illustrated in Fig. 1.8 and Fig. 1.9.
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CB
ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON
FP
ACOM0
ACOM1
ACOM2
TPU 1
TPU 2
TPU 4
RXAMCO 4 RXAMCO 5 RXMUCO 6 RXMUCO 7

TPU 0 TPU 3
105 128 141 164 177 200 213 236 249 272 285
RXAMCO 0 RXAMCO 1 RXAMCO 2 RXAMCO 3

TPU 5
308
PA 2
PA 1
PA 3
PA 4
PA 0
Fan 2
PA 5
DCTPU 4 DCPA 5
DCTPU 1
DCTPU 2 DCPA 3
DCTPU 0
DCPA 1
DCPA 0
DCPA 2
DCTPU 3 DCPA 4
DCTPU 5
ACOM can be: HYCOM or FICOM or DUCOM

295 307
103
119
133
149
163
179
193
209
223
239
253
269
Fan 1
RXMUCO Can be replaced by RXAMCO if DUCOM or RXFIL is used
267
RXMUCO Used for cascaded expansion
BBSIG 2 BBSIG 3 BBSIG 4 BBSIG 5 MCLK 0
CCTRL 0
BBSIG 0 BBSIG 1
ALCO 0
LI 0
GPSU 0
267
103
117
131
145
159
173
187 199
211
223
235
247
259
Dimensions: Height Width Depth = 1600 = 600 = 450 mm mm mm
Fan 0 Air Filter
Fig. 1.8
BS60 indoor rack layout
HYCOM and RXMUCO are D900 and D1800 only.
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17
The BS61 outdoor cabinet is a separate structure which contains: the basic BTS rack, the climate control equipment, the power supply and the auxiliary equipment (e.g. the microwave equipment).
A C O U S T I C A T T E N U A T O R
P A S S I V E C O O L I N G S Y S T E M
Power Distribution Box (AC Fuse panel Alarm Terminal Board)

FANS
ALARM LVD AC/CD AC/CD AC/CDCONTROL Relay (AC/DC)
P A S S I V E C O O L I N G S Y S T E M
A C O U S T I C
RX FIL
RX FIL
RX FIL
RX FIL
RX FIL
RX FIL
CABLE ACCESS
u WAVE / NTPM
A T T E N U A T O R
BACKUP BATTERIES
ACOM can be: HYCOM or FICOM or DUCOM
RXMUCO Can be replaced by RXAMCO if DUCOM or RXFIL is used
RXMUCO Used for cascaded expansion
Fig. 1.9
BS61E outdoor cabinet layout HYCOM and RXMUCO are for use with D900 and D1800 only. Features to enhance ease of installation and service include: back-to-back mounting, back-to-wall mounting, vandal-proof construction, weather protection for servicing and equipment, internal shelter illumination, separate access to link equipment.
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1.4
Basic congurations and system expansion

The following tables show the basic equipment associated with the different BTSEs. A system expansion can be made to introduce: diversity Rx path new carriers new BTS To allow system updates and upgrades with a minimum of service degradation/interruption, the configuration of equipment-related objects from OMC/LMT (phase 3) with active Abis/sub interfaces is possible. Thus, object instances can be created/deleted and attribute values can be changed during operation without affecting the service on other parts of the BTS. Additional TRX modules (e.g. BBSIG) can be added to an existing installation without any disruption to active calls (and without predefining the wiring data).
This feature is not applicable if filter combiners are used. BS6x and BS20/21E basic configuration The minimum configuration of one BTSE site consists of the BTSE Core Module and one cell with at least one carrier. Such a configuration (examples given for the BS-60) would contain: Quantity 1 3 1 1 1 Tab. 1.2 Module Rack incl. subframes FU Fan Unit Filter box OVPT = Overvoltage protection CB = Connection board Rack Equipment
Quantity 1 1 Tab. 1.3
Module Fuse panel incl. Primary Power Distribution GPSU Generic Power Supply Unit Power Supply Equipment
Quantity 1 1 1 Tab. 1.4
Module CCTRL Core Controller MCLK Master Clock LI Link Interface Core Modules
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Quantity 1 Tab. 1.4
Module ALCO Alarm and Control Board Core Modules
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.5
Module BBSIG Baseband and Signaling TPU Transceiver and Processor Unit PA Power Amplifier DCTPU TPU Power Supply DCPA PA Power Supply Transceiver Modules
Quantity 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.6
Module Tx Antenna (plus cable) HYCOM or FICOM or DUCOM Tx Equipment
COMBINER Qty HYCOM FICOM DUCOM 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.7
Module RXAMOD + RXMUCO RXAMOD + RXMUCO RXAMCO Rx antenna (plus cable)
Qty or 1 or 1
Module RXAMCO + RXFIL RXAMCO + RXFIL
Qty or 1 or 1 or 1
Module DULAMO + RXMUCO DULAMO + RXMUCO DULAMO + RXMUCO
Rx Equipment BS21E equips only a dedicated DUKIT. In the single cell applications, no more than 6 carriers can be handled in the present release. In the case of more than four carriers, two cascaded splitting modules are required to achieve the necessary splitting. The possible solutions are: RXMUCO cascaded with RXMUCO RXAMCO cascaded with RXMUCO. Upgrade from indoor to outdoor operation (BS21E, BS61E)
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Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.8 Outdoor cabinet Cable access
Outdoor facilities
Power distribution box AC/DC integrated within outdoor cabinet Battery backup and battery charger integrated within cabinet Alarm and monitoring module Optional link interface (microwave on NTPM) Passive cooling system Outdoor Mandatory Equipment
BS20 equips one ACDC. Diversity option Diversity can be introduced: this only requires the insertion of a second Rx unit:
Qty or 1 or 1
Qty or 1 or 1 or 1
Rx Equipment per Diversity BS6x and BS20/21E system expansion The number of carriers can be expanded to: per rack BS20/21E BS60/61E Tab. 1.10 Carriers 2 6 6 18 per site
For each carrier, the following modules are required: Quantity 1 1 Tab. 1.11 Module BBSIG Baseband and Signaling TPU Transceiver and Processor Unit Transceiver Modules
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Quantity 1 1 1 Tab. 1.11 PA Power Amplifier
Module
DCTPU TPU Power Supply DCPA PA Power Supply Transceiver Modules
BS2x and BS6x can serve up to 6 TRX (18 TRX) per BTS site, if each rack forms a separate cell. Additional cells can be introduced, up to a maximum of 3 per BTSE, by the insertion of: Quantity 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.12 Tx Antenna (plus cable) HYCOM or FICOM or DUCOM Tx Equipment per Additional Cell Module
Qty or 1 or 1
Qty or 1 or 1 or 1
Rx Equipment per Additional Cell BS22 Basic Configuration Quantity 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.14 Fan Block Fan Control Board Heat Exchanger Cable Access Rack Equipment Module
Quantity 1 Tab. 1.15
Module Fuse panel incl. Primary Power Distribution Power Supply Equipment
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Quantity 1 Tab. 1.15
Module ACMDC AC multiple DC converter Power Supply Equipment
Quantity 1 1 1 1 Tab. 1.16
Module CCTRL Core Controller MCLK Master Clock LI Link Interface ALCO Alarm and Control Board Core Modules
Module BBSIG Baseband and Signaling TPU Transceiver and Processor Unit PA Power Amplifier Transceiver Modules
Quantity 1 1 Tab. 1.18
Module Tx/Rx antenna (plus cable) DUCOMT + RXAMCO Tx/Rx equipment
DUCOMT can be used as one cell with 2 carriers or as two cells with one carrier. Diversity option Diversity can be introduced by simply inserting a second Rx unit: Quantity 1 1 Tab. 1.19 Module Rx antenna (plus cable) RXAMCO Rx Equipment
BS22 system expansion In the case of DUCOMT 2:1, the following modules are required for the second carrier.
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Module BBSIG Baseband and Signaling TPU Transceiver and Processor Unit PA Power Amplifier Rx Equipment
1.5
Examples of possible BTSE congurations

This paragraph shows some examples of BTSE configurations (BS6x). In addition, the following configurations are provided: Omni-cell (6) for BS6x Multi-cell (4,2) for BS6x Omni-cell (2) for BS2x Multi-cell (1,1) for BS2x Example 1 (Fig. 1.10) relates to a one-sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with three TRXs.
RXAMCO
RXAMCO
DIV
HYCOM 4:1
RX MUCO 0
RX MUCO 1
DIV
DIV
DIV
PA 0
PA 1
PA 2
TPU 0
TPU 1
TPU 2
FROM TPU Fig. 1.10
FROM TPU
FROM TPU
BTS0 BTS0
Single Cell (3): Tx Path - Single Cell (3): Rx Path with Diversity Example 2 (Fig. 1.11) relates to a one-sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with three TRXs.
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DUCOM 4:1 TX RX
DIV
PA 0
PA 1
PA 2
RXAMCORXAMCO 0 1
FROM TPU
FROM TPU
FROM TPU
DIV
DIV
DIV
TPU TPU TPU 0 1 2
BTS0
Fig. 1.11 Single Cell (3): Tx/Rx Paths
Example 3 (Fig. 1.12) relates to a one-sector single cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with five TRXs.
RXAMCO RXAMCO
DIV
BASE FICOM 2:1
EXP. FICOM 2:1
EXP. FICOM
1 :1
RX MUCO 0
RX RX RX MUCO MUCO MUCO 1 6 7
DIV PA 0 PA 1 PA 2 PA 3 PA 4 TPU 0
DIV TPU 1
DIV
DIV
DIV TPU 4
TPU TPU 3 2
BTS0
FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU
BTS0
Fig. 1.12 Single Cell (5): Tx path - Single Cell (5): Rx Path with Diversity
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25
Example 4 (Fig. 1.13) relates to a three-sector multi-cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with six TRXs to be used in the configuration of two TRXs per sector of the multi-cell (2,2,2).
RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO
DIV
HYCOM 2:1 HYCOM 2:1 HYCOM 2:1
DIV
DIV
RX RX RX RX RX RX MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO MUCO 4 5 3 2 1 0
DIV
PA 0 PA 1 PA 2 PA 3 PA 4 PA 5 TPU 0
DIV
TPU 1
DIV
TPU 2
DIV
TPU 3
DIV
TPU 4
DIV
TPU 5
FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU
BTS0
BTS1
BTS2
BTS0
BTS1
BTS2
Fig. 1.13
Multi-cell (2,2,2): Tx Path - Multi-cell (2,2,2): Rx Path with Diversity Example 1 (Fig. 1.14) relates to a multi-cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with six TRXs to be used in the configuration of 1,3,2 TRXs per sector of multi-cells (1,3,2).
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RXAMOD
RXAMOD
RXAMOD
HYCOM 2:1
HYCOM 4:1
HYCOM 2:1
RX MUCO 0
RX MUCO
1
RX MUCO
2
PA 0
PA 1
PA 2
PA 3
PA 4
PA 5
TPU 0
TPU TPU TPU TPU 1 2 3 4
TPU 5
FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM FROM TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU TPU
BTS0
BTS1
BTS2
BTS0
BTS1
BTS2
Fig. 1.14
Multi-cell (1,3,2): Tx Path - Multi-cell (1,3,2): Rx Path with Diversity Example 6 (Fig. 1.15) relates to a to a multi-cell served by one BTSE at the site. The BTSE is equipped with five TRXs to be used in the configuration of 1,3,1 TRXs per sector of multi-cells (1,3,1).
RXFIL
RXFIL DIV
RXFIL
RXFIL DIV
RXFIL
RXFIL DIV
HYCOM 1:1
BASE FICOM 2:1
EXP. FICOM 1:1
HYCOM 1:1
RX
RX
RX
RX
RX
RX
AMCO AMCO AMCO AMCO AMCO AMCO 0 1 3 4 2 5
DIV
DIV DIV
DIV
DIV
PA 0
PA 1
PA 2
PA 3
PA 4 TPU 0 TPU TPU TPU 1 2 3 TPU 4
FROM TPU
FROM FROM
TPU TPU
FROM
TPU BTS1
FROM TPU
BTS0
BTS1
BTS2
BTS0
BTS2
Fig. 1.15
Multi-cell (1,3,1): Tx Path - Multi-cell (1,3,1): Rx Path with Diversity
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27
Example 7 (Fig. 1.16) shows a solution to implement multi-cells in a 4,4,4 configuration by using two fully-equipped BTSE racks (BS6x). In this example, one four-carrier cell is constituted with two sets of two TRX, each implemented in the two different BS6x racks and each with their own BCCH and SDCCH. Only combining with the DUCOM is considered. Each rack serves one cell with four carriers and one cell with two carriers. The antennas of the split sector must be of the same type and must be mounted in the same direction in order to obtain the same coverage area. Sharing of the traffic on both cells is performed by the BSC using the "direct retry" feature. The increased SDCCH capacity resulting from the direct retry must be taken into account during the configuration phase. Care must also be taken when setting the attributes for handover margin of the Managed Object adjacent cell for the two cells which cover the same area, as the setting might be different than for "ordinary" neighbor cells. Tx path: In both racks, DUCOM 4:1 must be used and the PAs must be connected to the TX0 and TX1 input, so that they are combined by hybrid first and then on-air combined with the PAs located in the other rack. This means that, in this application. one half of a DUCOM 4:1 is not used.
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Fig. 1.16
A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
DUCOM 4:1 DUCOM 4:1 DUCOM 4:1
DUCOM 4:1
Multi-cell (4,4,4): Simplified Rack Extension

TX RX RX TX RX TX RX RX PA PA AMCO DIV 4 5
0 1
TX
RX
RX AMCO PA DIV
RX PA
RX AMCO DIV PA PA PA PA
PA PA PA PA
AMCO
AMCO
FROM TPUs FROM TPU FROM TPU DIV TPU 4 TPU 5 dummy RXAMCO DIV
FROM TPUs
D I V
D I V
D I V
D I V
DIV
DIV
FROM TPU TPU 0 TPU 1
FROM TPU dummy RXAMCO
D I V
D I V
D I V
D I V
FROM TPUs
FROM TPUs
TPU TPU TPU TPU 2 3
TPU TPU TPU TPU 5 4 3 2
BTS0
BTS1
BTS1
BTS2
29
Example 8 (Fig. 1.17) shows a configuration which allows the radio synthesizer frequency hopping in a single cell with six carriers. The advantage of this solution compared to the alternative 6 carriers per cell solution using a FICOM combiner is the availability of synthesized frequency hopping. The implementation is based on the use of two DUCOM 4:2 combiners with three antennas per cell. While all 4 inputs of one DUCOM are used only 2 of the available 4 inputs are needed in case of the second one. On the receive side two RXAMCOs are needed. In case of diversity 2 sets of 2 RXAMCOs are needed as two receive paths to the respective TPU must be available per carrier. The latter case is shown in Fig. 1.17. The two left most RXAMCOs provide one receive path for each carrier. The other two RXAMCOs contribute the second path. The two outer antennas are used for both transmitting and receiving while the middle one is needed only for transmitting. Unlike the simplified rack extension configuration (example 7) no 'direct retry' is mandatory for this configuration as all six carriers are part of the same cell.
DUCOM 4 : 2 Rx Rx Rx
DUCOM 4 : 2 Rx
P A 0
P A 1
P A 2
P A 3
R x A M C O
R x A M C O
R x A M C O
R x A M C O
P A 4
P A 5
T P U 0
T P U 1
T P U 2
T P U 3
T P U 4
T P U 5
Fig. 1.17 Rx path
Single Cell (6,0,0) Tx/Rx Path with Synthesizer Hopping and diversity
Within each rack, two RXAMCOs are installed for the spliced sector. One supplies the two spliced TPUs inside the rack and the spliced TPUs in the other rack. The other one
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A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
(called the dummy RXAMCO) is to be installed and created in order to simulate the states of the RXAMCO installed in the second rack, so as to offer diversity of the spliced cell. To begin with, each carrier transmits on the antenna in its own rack. It receives the Rx path from RXAMCO located in the other rack. Each antenna is supervised by the ALCO located in the rack to which it is connected. This means that each cell supervises only one of the two Rx/Tx antennas. Since an antenna failure will always be detected and reported to the operator by one of the two cells, this restriction is taken into account.
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A30808-X3247-L11-1-7618
2 Introduction
The BTSEs encompass all "standard" types with a maximum capacity up to 2 or 6 TRXs (see also Section 1) for both indoor or outdoor applications. Their internal architecture is very similar. The BTSE is controlled by the Base Station Controller (BSC), which is connected via the Abis interface. The BTSE may be either remotely located or co-located with the BSC. The traffic channels set up in the different BTSEs are transparently switched towards the Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU) which - although part of the BSS will usually be remotely located at the MSC site. The BTS is defined by GSM (Recommendation 01.04) as "a network component which serves one cell", the latter in turn being defined by one unique Base Station Identity Code (BSIC) as far as the mobile station is concerned. The hardware architecture of the logical BTS is such that it is possible to serve with one physical BTSE, one (omni-cell) or more logical BTSs (sector cells). This reduces equipment costs by sharing central BTSE hardware equipment among several BSSs. For practical reasons (e.g. very large sites), several BTSEs may also be co-located in the same geographical site, always sharing part of the infrastructures, such as buildings, batteries, antenna masts, etc. It should be noted that, in the present release, the BS6x BTSEs are available for all D900, D1800, D1900 and GSM-R applications, the BS22 is not available for D1900 and GSM-R applications, the BS20 is not available for D1900 application. Each BTSE is connected to its BSC by one PCM line on which the Abis interface is based. Each BTSE rack is connected to the Abis interface by means of a Link Interface, which converts the PCM signal into internal data link BUS2. Within each BTSE rack, BUS1 connects the BTSE functional blocks to the BTSE control. The BTSE Link Interface is implemented in such a way that it can support both European (CEPT-E1) or American (ANSI-T1) PCM interfaces without HW changes or settings; only SW download is scheduled for this purpose. The purpose of frequency hopping is to reduce the impact of fading, multipath propagation and co-channel interference. It consists of changing the frequency used by a logical channel at regular intervals. It can be used in all applications. Apart from the interfaces needed for system operation, the BTSE offers alarm interfaces which are used to communicate external alarms (e. g. housebreaking, fire) to the OMC (via the BTSE Control and the BSC).
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2.1
Technical data
The BS2x family (see Tab. 2.1) with two transceivers per rack can be supplied in three versions: A BS20 for indoor installation (with integrated power supply and small battery) A BS21 for outdoor installation (additionally equipped with integrated link equipment and a cooling system) A BS22 for indoor and outdoor applications in conned spaces.
Characteristics Max. TRX per BTSE (and per cell) Dimensions (mm) (HxWxD) Volume (liters) Maximum power consumption (W) (for 25W power amplifier) - with heater Weight (kg) Temperature range (C) D900 D1800 D1900 GSM-R Tab. 2.1
BS20 (indoor) 2 775x600x450 210 470 DC 2
BS21E (outdoor) 2
BS22 (outdoor)
945x870x485 399 600 AC
775x720x330 184 500 AC
900 127 -5 to +45 yes yes 155 -45 to +45 yes yes yes yes yes
650 70 -33 to +40 yes yes
BTSE Products up to 2 Carriers The BS6x family (see Tab. 2.2) with six transceivers per rack can be supplied in two versions: A BS60 for indoor installation. A BS61 for outdoor installation (also equipped with an integrated power supply, battery, integrated link equipment and a cooling system).
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Characteristics Max. TRX per BTSE (and per cell) Dimensions (mm) (HxWxD) Volume (liters) Maximum power consumption (W) (for 25W power amplifier) - with heater Weight (kg) Temperature range (C) D900 D1800 D1900 GSM-R Tab. 2.2 6
BS60 (indoor) 6
BS61 (outdoor)
1600x600x450 432 1500 DC
1600x1950x550 1716 2160 AC
2910 AC 240 -5 to +45 yes yes yes yes 600 -45 to +45 yes yes yes yes
BTSE Products up to 6 Carriers
All BTSE types (with the exception of BS22) have the same wide spectrum of features ranging from various cell applications (omni- or sectorized); the available solutions are as follows: 1. HYCOM: RXMUCO + RXAMOD or RXAMCO + RXFIL Hybrid combiner (HYCOM) and remote receiver antenna preamplier (RXAMOD) or external receiver bandpass lter (RXFIL). 2. FICOM: RXMUCO + RXAMOD or RXAMCO + RXFIL Filter combiner (FICOM) and remote receiver antenna preamplier (RXAMOD) or external receiver bandpass lter (RXFIL). 3. DUCOM: RXAMCO Duplex on air combiner (DUCOM) and internal receiver bandpass lter (RXFIL). 4. HYCOM or FICOM or DUCOM: RXMUCO + DULAMO or RXAMCO + DULAMO Antenna combiner (ACOM) and duplexer for on air combining and receiver preamplier (DULAMO).
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35
2.2
BS-20 main features

The 2 Carrier BTSE BS-20 is designed in a single rack. Simplified rack extension with diversity is applicable for an one cell configuration with 4 carriers. The BS-20 can be configured for the systems D900, D1800 and D1900 with the following configurations: Dual band Single cell Multi cell A single cell configuration, with 1 or 2 carriers, and a two cell configuration, with 1 carrier each, are possible. Special case in the single cell configuration is the concentric cell, one cell with 2 supply areas (inner and complete area). This has the advantage of earlier reuse of the frequency, used in the inner area. The TRX assigned to the inner area has to be put to the RF output power sufficient for the shorter range of the inner cell. The TRX assigned to the complete cell has to be allowed to the maximum TX power level for the complete cell range. Due to the fact the TRX can be reconfigured from inner to complete area, all RF power amplifiers must offer the maximum power level for the complete cell. The feature concentric cell is also imaginable for the 2 cell configuration of the simplified rack extension. Another special configuration, designed for an Italian Railway Customer, is a single cell configuration, providing long and small areas to both directions of a site. Antenna Combining is realised with Hybrid- or Duplex- combiners. The following combining options are supported: The Duplex Combiner (DUKIT) is a set of devices mounted onto a drawer. The DUKIT can be congured 1*(2:1) or 2*(1:1) to meet the requirements of cell conguration for 1 or 2 cells. Antenna Combining Equipment for GSM-R (DUPL20R) to supply two antennas in two directions, but for one cell. Special congurations for GSM Railway using Hybrid, DUKIT and Power Splitter. Traffic Channels: Full-Rate (FR) Half-Rate (HR) Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) Services: GPRS HSCSD Frequency Hopping: Baseband Synthesizer Redundancy: GPSU redundancy is supported by the SW. Abis Configurations: star, multidrop, loop. Change of PCM line configuration from star to multidrop or loop and vice versa is possible without any interruption of service.
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2.3
BS-21 main features

The 2 Carrier BTSE BS-21 is designed as Base Module in a single shelter. Simplified rack extension with diversity is applicable for an one cell configuration with 4 carriers. The Base Module contains the whole equipment for operating the BTSE, as well as a backup battery to continue operation for some minutes in case of mains breakdown. The BS-20 can be configured for the systems D900, D1800 and D1900 with the following configurations: Dual band Single cell Multi cell A single cell configuration, with 1 or 2 carriers, and a two cell configuration, with 1 carrier each, are possible. Special case in the single cell configuration is the concentric cell, one cell with 2 supply areas (inner and complete area). This has the advantage of earlier reuse of the frequency, used in the inner area. The TRX assigned to the inner area has to be put to the RF output power sufficient for the shorter range of the inner cell. The TRX assigned to the complete cell has to be allowed to the maximum TX power level for the complete cell range. Due to the fact the TRX can be reconfigured from inner to complete area, all RF power amplifiers must offer the maximum power level for the complete cell. The feature concentric cell is also imaginable for the 2 cell configuration of the simplified rack extension. Antenna Combining is realised with Duplex- combiners. The following combining option is supported: The duplexers consiste in a set of devices arranged in a appropriate manner (DUKIT). The DUKIT can be congured 1*(2:1) or 2*(1:1) to meet the requirements of cell conguration for 1 or 2 cells. Traffic Channels: Full-Rate (FR) Half-Rate (HR) Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) Services: GPRS HSCSD Frequency Hopping: Baseband Synthesizer Redundancy: AC/DC 1+1 redundancy. Two AC/DC Converters work in load sharing, but one AC/DC is able to supply the whole BS-21. Abis Configurations: star, multidrop, loop. Change of PCM line configuration from star to multidrop or loop and vice versa is possible without any interruption of service. NTPM or Wave interface is supported.
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2.4
BS-60/61 main features

The 6 Carrier BS-6x BTSE is designed in a single rack/shelter. Simplified rack extension is applicable for a 3 cell configuration with 4 carriers each (4:4:4). The BS-6x can be configured for the systems D900, D1800 and D1900 with the following configurations: Dual band Single cell Multi cell A single cell configuration, 1 BTSE is serving only one cell, or multi cell configuration, 1 BTSE is serving more than one cell, are possible. Special case in the single cell configuration is the concentric cell, one cell with 2 supply areas (inner and complete area). This has the advantage of earlier reuse of the frequency, used in the inner area. The TRX assigned to the inner area has to be put to the RF output power sufficient for the shorter range of the inner cell. The TRX assigned to the complete cell has to be allowed to the maximum TX power level for the complete cell range. Due to the fact the TRX can be reconfigured from inner to complete area, all RF power amplifiers must offer the maximum power level for the complete cell. Antenna Combining is realised with Hybrid- or Duplex- combiners. The following combining options are supported: 6 carriers in a conguration from 1 to 4 carriers per cell with HYCOM or DUCOM for antenna combining for GSM or DCS, while for PCS only DUCOM can be used. 2 DUCOMs 4:1 with 3 antennas for one and the same cell (6 TRX per cell with Synthesizer Hopping). Up to 6 Carriers per cell is possible with Filter Combining (FICOM) for GSM,DCS and PCS. Traffic Channels: Full-Rate (FR) Half-Rate (HR) Enhanced Full-Rate (EFR) Services: GPRS HSCSD Frequency Hopping: Baseband Synthesizer Redundancy: AC/DC n+1 redundancy in BS-61U. (N+1) AC/DC converters work in load sharing, but n AC/DC are able to supply the whole BTSE. GPSU redundancy is supported by the SW. Abis Configurations: star, multidrop, loop and cross connect function. Change of PCM line configuration from star to multidrop or loop and vice versa is possible without any interruption of service. Wave interface is supported.
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2.5
2.5.1
Specic features
BTSE clock accuracy
Clock accuracy: The Siemens BTSE is designed to satisfy the requirements of GSM 11.20, which means a clock accuracy of at least 0.05 ppm over all operational parameters. However, typical operational parameters for system accuracy of the Siemens BTS exceed those required by GSM, which means 0.02 to 0.03 ppm (2 to 3 * 10-8). For short time frames, this value can be even better (10-9). Computer-controlled PLL. Locking time: After BTSE start up, the crystal warms up. After this warm-up phase, the computercontrolled PLL is responsible for synchronization with the PCM link. The entire synchronization process takes about 30 minutes. Phase noise level of the locked oscillator: Conforms to CCITT G.703 and G.812 Frequency locking band: Adjustable. During crystal warm-up, the band is a few Hertz, whereas after synchronization it is usually less than 1 Hertz.
2.5.2
Synchronization to links
The BTSE synchronizes itself (via the Abis Link Interface) with a primary synchronization source derived from the BSC (i.e. the active PCM link). In the event of failure or poor quality of that link, an internal source for synchronization must be used (free-running operation, also referred to as "holdover mode").
2.5.3
Synchronization, delays, jitter in multidrop configuration

Jitter: As PCM lines may be subject to jitter, the PCM line clock for short periods may vary with respect to the BTS clock (PLL), as this clock must suppress the line jitter for internal use and retransmission to interconnected racks / sites. The BTS internal clock offers an accuracy that ensures adequate jitter suppression for PCM signal retransmission to other racks. Delays (e.g. 2 Mbit/s) If the PCM line clock and the BTS clock differ for a period of time, data that are received by the BTS are stored in the link interface for a certain period of time (maximum: two PCM frames = 2*125 microseconds) in order to comply with CCITT requirements (not more than 1 slip of a PCM frame in 70 days). In a multidrop configuration, this results in a delay of four times 125 microseconds. Additionally, in multidrop configurations, a further delay can occur during the retransmission of data for BTS "N+1" by the preceding BTS "N":
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Position of data for BTS N+1 TS 1 to 10 TS 11 to 29 TS 30, 31 Tab. 2.3 Resulting delay
Resulting delay
None One frame Two frames
Thus the resulting maximum delay per BTS Link Interface in a multidrop configuration is 6 frames (750 microseconds). This delay contributes to the overall system delay between two parties, but is negligible with respect, for example, to those delays caused by submultiplexing and transcoding in a GSM/DCS/PCS system.
2.5.4
Number of BTSs per PCM link

This delay does not affect or restrict the number of BTS Link Interfaces per multidrop chain up to 10 BTSs per chain, if the transmission lines comply with GSM criteria (better than 0.05 ppm), which are more stringent than CCITT criteria (better than 50 ppm). If the line quality falls below the figure referred to above, it is not able to lower the number of BTSs per multidrop or loop configuration. This is especially true for microwave connections or free-running leased lines. If in doubt, assume the following limits: microwave link: max. 4 BTSEs leased line: 6 BTSEs
2.5.5
Frequency hopping
The specific implementation is that the FH can be performed at Baseband or at Radio Frequency (i.e. synthesized frequency hopping) for BS6x/2x. The use of Frequency Hopping is enabled/disabled through a configuration parameter which can be set by LMT/OMC for each BTS.
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3 Software architecture
3.1 Basic Structure
Fig. 3.1 shows the software architecture of the BS2x and BS6x BTSEs. The BTSE software comprises three main blocks: a) operating system, b) radio and terrestrial channel handling (call processing), c) operation and maintenance functions. All the software in the BTSE (with the exception of the basic bootstrap programs) is downloadable. BTSE SW
Call processing SW
O&M SW
Um Layer 2
Abis Layer 2
LMT interface
BTSE O.S. and driver SW
Fig. 3.1
BTSE Software Architecture
3.1.1
Operating System
The Operating System provides the following services to the users: a) b) c) d) e) task scheduling task communication with mailboxes and events time management system calls to control the peripheral hardware unique, processor-independent, interface to the user via an intermediate layer, even though there is a different OS kernel for each different processor type.
3.1.2
Radio and terrestrial channel handling (call processing)

The software which manages the traffic channel handling is decentralized in the boards operating on a per-carrier-basis (the TPUs) and in the boards handling the
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channel-related tasks (the BBSIGs). Handling of the Um layers is partly realized through special-purpose hardware. BBSIG a) Downlink direction: controls the trafc channel and unpacks the TRAU frames received from BUS 2 codes the trafc data (block and convolutional coding), interleaves, encrypts and maps them on bursts in a format which can be used by the Um interface (14.4 coding requires the BBSIG44) concatenates additional information for power control with the trafc data addressed to a TPU. This is transmitted through the BUS 1, which is used as a switch between the BBSIGs and the TPUs. b) Uplink direction: performs demapping, decryption, deinterleaving, convolutional and block decoding (14.4 coding requires the BBSIG44). The BBSIG nally packs the trafc data into the TRAU frames. TPU a) Downlink direction: Power control information is passed to the PA. The mid-ample is inserted in the trafc data and passed to the analogue processing. b) Uplink direction: The serial data are rst ltered and equalized in the TRXD, then they are sent via BUS 1 to the BBSIG, which is logically connected to the terrestrial channel.
3.1.3
Signaling channel handling

CCTRL a) Downlink direction: The signaling channels on the Abis interface are routed along Bus 2 to the CCTRL, which handles the LAPD protocol. A message dispatcher forwards Abis Layer 2 management and O&M messages to the main processor in the CCTRL. It also forwards call control messages to the BBSIGs. b) Uplink direction: In the uplink direction, the dispatcher manages access by the different entities to the LAPD channels. BBSIG The BBSIG software controls interworking between the RR sublayer of the Um interface and the BTSM sublayer of the Abis interface and also maps the different Um signaling channel types onto the Abis signaling channels. The BBSIG handles the LAPDm protocol and the interface to the Um Layer 1 functions.
3.1.4
Operation and Maintenance functions

O&M functions are: a) b) c) d) e) SW management including downloading conguration management fault clearance management test management performance management.
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The O&M functions are hierarchically organized in the BTSE. The CCTRL software controls all O&M functions in the BTSE. The O&M information is received and transmitted via the Abis interface. Each O&M function in the CCTRL has a corresponding local function in each main processor connected to the BUS1. These local functions coordinate the same function in the subordinate processors connected to it (on the same board or in a peripheral board).
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4 Description of modules
The tasks of the modules are shown in Fig. 4.1.
TXAMOD ACOM PA TPU
Power Ramping GMSK Modulation up/down Conversion Frequency Hopping Timing Advance Midamble Processing Differential Encoding Equaliser Correlator Digital Filtering Preselector &+ Splitter Diversity Diversity Carrier Related Radio Link Management TRXD
BUS 1
Measurement Acqusition
BASIC
Measurement Preprocessing Power Control Handover Recognition Frequency Hopping Timing Advance Channel-related Radio Link Map
BUS 2
TX Filter
Com biner
RX Amplifier
VSWR
BURST INTER EN MAP
EN
UN RX
LEAVE CRYPT CODE PACK
Rx Band Filter
ALCO
Internal Alarms External Alarms External Controls Remote Controls (Serial IF)
LowNoise Amplier
RX Signal Distrib CASCADE

TRXA
LI
Abis Layer 1 INSERT EXTRACT Abis
CCLK
Layer 1 Extension of BUS 1
BTSE Syncronization Clock Distribution
CCTRL
BUS 1 Supervision Lapd Handling Pass Radio Link Signal.
BTSE O+M Control
Fig. 4.1
Module tasks The main features and characteristics performed by the different BS2x and BS6x BTSE blocks are briefly described in the sections below.
4.1
BUS 1
a) transfers common bursts to and from the BTSE Core Controller to BBSIGs and TPUs, b) transfers TCH bursts between the TPUs and BBSIGs, c) distributes the GSM timing information, d) duplicated for reliability purposes.
4.2
BUS 2
a) PCM30-oriented highway; in the case of the D1900, the same architecture is also suitable because the internal interface between LI and BUS 2 remains unchanged and is quite capable of supporting the information transfer of PCM24 payload data, b) transfer of signaling channels between LI and CCTRL, c) transfer of TRAU frames between LI and BBSIG,
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d) duplicated for reliability purposes.
4.3
Core Controller (CCTRL)

a) b) c) d) e) controls all the O&M tasks of an entire BTSE, supervises BUS 1, handles LAPD, passes all radio link signaling messages to/from BBSIG modules, controls all the cells (BTS) belonging to one BTSE site.
4.4
Master Clock (MCLK)

a) provides synchronization to other BTSE units, b) supplies the clock and frame information to all other parts of the BTSE, c) is implemented with a computer-controlled PLL to allow accurate synchronization to the PCM link.
4.5
Baseband and Signal Processing Unit (BBSIG)

a) receives the trafc channels from the LI via BUS 2, b) receives Layer 3 messages via BUS 1, c) encodes, encrypts and interleaves signaling and user data in accordance with the type of channel used, maps these data on bursts for TPU via BUS1, d) executes the preprocessing of uplink measurements and measurement reports sent from MS and performs power control and handover recognition, e) passes the power control information to PA, f) converts channel-related control data, received via BUS 1, to LAPDm format, g) in the uplink direction, user data are passed via BUS2 to the LI. Decoding, de-interleaving and decryption are performed in the downlink direction. The LAPDm data, radio channel-related information and signaling are processed and sent via BUS1 to the CCTRL for LAPD handling, h) IMSI-Tracing activities for problematic network areas.
4.6
Link Interface (LI)

a) extracts the network clock information for the MCLK, b) passes all relevant BTSE data to BUS 2, c) provides a suitable physical and Layer 1 interfacing towards the Abis, both for PCM24 lines or PCM30 lines (see Note below).
4.7
Universal LI for primary access (LIPA)

a) extracts the network clock information for the MCLK, b) provides two ports at 9*16 kbit/s: 2*64 kbit/s (B-channels) and 1*16 kbit/s (D-channel) data channels, c) passes all relevant BTSE data and line-signals to BUS 2, d) two LIPAs per rack can be used for redundancy aspects, e) LIPA and a LI can be installed in one rack (backplane connectors are pin-compatible), in this way the mixed conguration can be used for cross-connect purposes.
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f)
provides a suitable physical and Layer 1 interfacing towards the Abis, both for PCM24 lines or PCM30 lines (see Note below).
The LIPA is based on the FALC54 component which, among other things, make it possible to satisfy the requirements of both PCM standards PCM30 (CEPT interface E1) and PCM24 (ANSI interface T1).
4.8
Alarm and Control Unit (ALCO)

a) collects the alarms from units which have no BUS 1 access, b) collects the external alarms (from the rack, the outdoor cabinet, the AC power supply), c) distributes and executes the remote DC power off (for all units, including an AC/DC converter) O&M command. d) provides identication of the correct slot occupation for all boards without processors (e.g. the GPSU), e) controls the lter combiner unit, f) supplies the control signals for external devices. The signals which are collected by the ALCO are dispatched to the CCTRL for further handling.
4.9
Transceiver and Processor Unit (TPU)

a) consists of two main blocks, the TRXA and the TRXD: the TRXA part contains all the analog signal processing parts, the TRXD part contains all the digital signal processing parts. The TRXA has a transmit and receive path. The receive path always provides the diversity function; b) different TPU hardware is used for D900, D1800, D1900 and GSM-R applications, c) synthesized frequency hopping.
4.10
Power Amplier (PA)

a) provides the required RF power in the downlink path, b) its performance depends on the frequency range (900 or 1800 or 1900 MHz) and the eld of application. This results in different power amplier types. In general, for every frequency range, two power amplier classes are dened: the low power (PA) version and the high power (HPA) version.
4.11
Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM)

It consists of: a) Hybrid Combiner network: can be used for up to 4 carriers employs the hybrid combining technique; b) Bandpass lter and VSWR control It consists of a transmission band lter and a directional coupler which are physically incorporated into in the HYCOM. The transmission band lter provides the required suppression of intermodulation products outside the transmit band and protects the receiver against Tx phase noise and spurious emission impacts. The directional
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coupler monitors the VSWR on the antenna feeder line. All the components of this module are passive and therefore require no redundancy. The HW is different for the relevant application (D900 or D1800) and is available in two versions, because it is not used in D1900.
4.12
Filter Combiner (FICOM)

It consists of: Filter Combiner network: can be used for up to 6 carriers, employs the lter combining technique, which reduces RF output loss when combining 3 to 6 transmitters in one antenna. The cavity lter is tunable via an LMT/OMC command and retuning of the combiner frequency requires between 10 and 15 seconds, the required carrier separation for transmitters in the same cell or in neighboring cells of the same BTS site is 600 kHz. The HW is specific for the relevant application (D900 or D1800).
4.13
Receiver Antenna Module (RXAMOD)

a) the rst part of the receiver, installed near the receive antenna and therefore of very considerable importance in terms of receiver performance. Therefore it must exhibit very high reliability, b) the content is a band lter for the entire receive band (RXFIL) and a 2-branch low-noise preamplier. In the event of a malfunction in one low-noise amplier, the parallel architecture provides degraded but ongoing operation of the BTSE, c) its HW is specic for the relevant application (D900 or D1800). When using RXAMOD, the RF receive path is completed by:
4.14
Receiver Multi Coupler (RXMUCO)

a) provides a multicoupler for internal distribution of the received signals within the rack. The multicoupler consists of an amplier and a splitter, b) provides a separate high-level output for signal distribution to more than one RXMUCO. For diversity, one additional multicoupler is used. The reliability requirements and the amplier architecture used are similar to the RXAMOD, c) its hardware is specic for the relevant application (D900, D1800, PCS1900). This receive path solution is shown in Fig. 4.2.
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-104 dBm at antenna collector
RXAMOD
RXMUCO
TPU Filter LNA
Cascading Output
Fig. 4.2
Receive path RXAMOD + RXMUCO As an alternative to the above receive path solution (RXAMOD + RXMUCO), the following arrangement may be adopted:
4.15
Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO) + DUCOM Receiver Filter (RXFIL)
a) the RXAMCO amplies the Rx signal with a low noise level and splits the Rx signal into four receive signals, plus a separate high level output. It provides a BTSE system reference sensitivity at the rack input which exceeds GSM Requirements. The HW is specic for D900, D1800 or D1900 applications, where the D900 HW covers the whole R-GSM band and is used also for the GSM-R application; b) the lter function of the complete receive frequency band is performed by a bandpass lter (RXFIL) integrated into the DUCOM. Its design depends on the relevant application (D900, D1800, D1900 or GSM-R). This receive path solution is shown in Fig. 4.3.
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DUCOM
TXFIL RXAMCO RXFIL TPU Filter LNA
Cascading Output
Fig. 4.3
Receive path RXFIL + RXAMCO
4.16
Duplex Combiner (DUCOM)

a) can be used on demand for 1 to 4 carriers; it has the advantage of combining the transmission and reception paths (duplexing) in one antenna, b) for more than one carrier, antenna combining can be achieved by using the "on air" combining technique, which consists of having two antennas and two duplexer base modules. Transmit power combining for the two transmit carriers is performed "on air", c) as a result of this solution, the only component required in the transmit chain is a bandpass lter (TXFIL). Duplexing requires the presence of duplex lters to separate the Tx and the Rx frequency band; therefore a RXFIL must be used in the receive path in conjunction with the TXFIL in the transmission path, d) to avoid the presence of further duplex antennas in the case of four carriers, hybrid combining must be used in conjunction with "on air" combining, e) the DUCOM design is dependent on the relevant application (D900 or D1800 or D1900 or GSM-R).
4.17
Receiver Antenna Module and Multi Coupler (RXAMCO) + Receiver Frequency Bandpass Filter (RXFIL) + Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM) or Filter Combiner (FICOM)
a) the RXAMCO amplies the Rx signal with a low noise level and splits the Rx signal into four receive signals, plus a separate high level output. It provides a BTSE system reference sensitivity at the rack input which exceeds GSM Requirements. The HW is specic for D900, D1800 or D1900 applications, where the D900 HW covers the entire R-GSM band and is also used for GSM-R applications.
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b) the lter function of the complete receive frequency band is performed by a bandpass lter (RXFIL). Its design is dependent on the relevant application (D900 or D1800 or D1900 or GSM-R). This receive path solution is shown in Fig. 4.4.
RXFIL
RXAMCO
Filter
LNA Cascading Output
TPU
RXMUCO Cascading
Fig. 4.4
O t t Receive path RXFIL + RXAMCO with FICOM (HYCOM)
4.18
Duplexer and Low Noise Amplier Module (DULAMO)

a) This consists of a Duplexer section and Low Noise Amplier (LNA). b) It makes possible, with every type of Antenna Combiner, the simultaneous use of two antennas per cell and an LNA close to the antenna; it can also be used to exploit the benets of On air Combining: c) Its HW is specic for the relevant application (D900 or D1800). d) it can be utilized with every type of Antenna Combining (FICOM, HYCOM, DUCOM). Fig. 4.5 is a schematic block diagram of DULAMO; Fig. 4.6 and Fig. 4.7 show two examples of a configuration path with DULAMO.
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TX/RX ANTENNA
DULAMO DUPLEXER TX FIL RX FIL
LNA
FROM ANTENNA COMBINER

Fig. 4.5
TO RXMUCO
Schematic block diagram of DULAMO
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TX/RX ANTENNA
TX/RX ANTENNA
DULAMO TX FIL RX FIL
DULAMO
TX FIL
RX FIL
LNA
LNA
FICOM
RXMUCO
BTS RACK
Fig. 4.6
Up to 6 carriers per cell with FICOM and DULAMO
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TX/RX ANTENNA
TX/RX ANTENNA
DULAMO
DULAMO
TX FIL
RX FIL
TX FIL
RX FIL
LNA
LNA
RXMUCO
DUCOM 4:1
PA
BTS RACK
Fig. 4.7
Up to 4 carriers per cell with DUCOM and DULAMO (on air combining)
4.19
HPDU (High Power Duplexer)

a) It makes possible to use two antennas per cell with diversity reception (one antenna without diversity) b) it can only be used with FICOM or HYCOM c) its HW is specic for the relevant application (D900 or D1800). d) a new lter box is used with the following characteristics: the height is reduced from 400 mm to 200 mm the LMT connector is placed on the front of the box better RF cables handling access to OVPT module for replacement guarantee a not signicant impact on the air ow Fig. 4.8 is a schematic block diagram of HPDU.
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HPDU
TX FIL
RX FIL
TX MATCH
FROM ACOM
TO RXMUCO
Fig. 4.8
Schematic block diagram of HPDU
Fig. 4.9 shows an examples of a configuration path with HPDU.
HPDU
RXFIL
FICOM HYCOM
RXAMCO
Fig. 4.9
FICOM or HYCOM and HPDU
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4.20
DUCOM 4:1 Emulator (D4EM)

a) This combines 4 carriers in one cell with 2 modules DUCOM 2:1 in order to reduce the Tx Combiner insertion loss. b) The installation position in the BS6x Rack is in the slots currently used for RXMUCO 6 and 7. Fig. 4.10 shows the D4EM connections.
CONNECTION BOARD
IN0 DUCOM a DUCOM b OUT IN 1 D4EM Fig. 4.10 D4EM connections
4.21
Generic Power Supply Unit (GPSU)

This unit distributes the required voltages and currents to all the basic BTSE modules (all carrier-related modules have their own PSU). The GPSU and the carrier-related devices have to be powered by an external power supply, providing a voltage ranging from -38.4 V DC to -57.6 V DC (where -48V DC is the nominal value). Should the DC supply voltage be different or an AC voltage source be present, an appropriate converter must be installed as an extra item of equipment. This does not form part of the BTSE rack. A separate backup battery must also be used to avoid operational interruptions, e.g. due to brief AC mains power failures. This external equipment can be supervised by providing digital signals from this type of equipment to the BTSE Alarm and Control Unit.
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5 Antenna combiners and receiving paths

5.1 Methods of combining
In order to serve cells with different carrier numbers certain combinations of combining modules are required. These configurations provide the necessary performance in a cost effective way. Hybrid Combiner (HYCOM) With Hybrid Combiners, it is possible to combine up to four TRX to the same antenna, while using baseband or synthesizer frequency hopping. The HYCOM type must be selected according to the number of carriers feeding the antenna. It is available in two HW types: HYCOM 2:1 HYCOM 4:1. For the 1:1 and 3:1 applications, the 2:1 and 4:1 HYCOMs must be used respectively, by keeping the unconnected input terminated with a 50 load resistor.
HYCOM can only be installed on BS6x and BS20 racks.
Filter Combiner (FICOM) With Remote Tunable Filter Combiners, it is possible to combine up to 6 TRX in one rack. Filter combiners may only be used with baseband frequency hopping, as retuning of the combiner frequency requires between 10 and 15 seconds. The required carrier separation for TRXs in the same cell of the same BTS site is 600 kHz. The FICOM type is an alternative with a lower RF output loss. It is available in three HW types: Base Expansion Expansion FICOM 2:1 FICOM 2:1 FICOM 1:1.
A filter combiner of up to 6 carriers can be obtained by suitably interconnecting Base and Expansion FICOMs.
FICOM can only be installed on BS6x racks.
Duplexers and On-Air Combining Duplexers have the following advantages: reduction, by one, of the number of antennas required in each sector by one (e.g. two instead of three antennas with diversity) by using combined Tx and Rx antennas. less RF attenuation with respect to HYCOMs baseband and synthesizer hopping possible Suitable filtering allows a Tx / Rx decoupling of 0 dB, whereas normal Tx and Rx combining technologies require a 28 dB antenna decoupling. Thus, the same antenna can be used for Tx and Rx signals.
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TX RX
Fig. 5.1
Tx /Rx decoupling antenna
Siemens offers 3 duplexer types to serve different cell sizes: 4:1, 2:1 and 2*1:1 duplexers (for 4, 2 or 1TRX per cell). All of these variants allow the use of diversity. Duplexers 2:1 and 4:1 serve up to 2 and 4 carriers per cell respectively, by feeding them half-by-half to two separate antennas. Thus, these carriers are combined on air.
Ducom 4:1 TX RX
Combiner
TX RX
Combiner
Ducom 2:1 Dup Kit 2:1 TX RX TX RX
Dup1:1div. TX RX RX
RX
RXAMCO
RXAMCO
RXAMCO
RXAMCO
RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO RXAMCO
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
PA TPU
Variant 1: DUCOM 4:1 for BS 8x Fig. 5.2
Variant 2: DUCOM 2:1 for BS 6x respectivaly DUKIT 2:1 for BS 2x
Variant 3: 2x Dup1:1 div for BS 2x
Duplexer types and internal architecture For the different rack versions of the BTSE, the HW is implemented in two different mechanical arrangements. For BS6x racks it is called DUCOM and is mechanically compatible with the FICOM modules, i.e. it ts into the ACOM subrack which has to be integrated into the BS6x racks. All the interfaces (Tx, Rx, antenna and signaling) are on the front panel. For the BS21E and BS22 the hardware is called DUKIT. The DUKITs contain all the internal HW cables and components, such as the DUCOMs. Because of the limited space in the BS21E, the various components are mounted directly into the subrack. The interfaces are on the front, with the exception of the signaling interfaces, which are directly connected to the backplane.
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DUCOM: Duplexers offer the following advantages: reduction, by one, of the number of antennas required for each sector (e. g. two instead of three antennas with diversity) by using combined Tx and Rx antennas. less RF attenuation with respect to HYCOMs baseband and synthesizer hopping possible. Suitable filtering allows a Tx / Rx decoupling of 0 dB, whereas normal Tx and Rx combining technologies require a 30 dB antenna decoupling. Therefore, the same antenna can be used for Tx and Rx signals. The DUCOM type is used when "on air" multiplexing and duplex TX/RX operation on the same antenna are required. It is available in two HW types for both P-GSM and DCS systems.: Name DUCOM 2:1 DUCOM 4:1 DUKIT 2*1:1 Rack type BS6x BS6x BS21E/ BS22 Tab. 5.1 Function Combines up to 2 carriers in one cell Combines up to 4 carriers in one cell Serves two cells with one carrier each or one cell with two carriers.
Available HW Modules
For the 3:1 application, the DUCOM 4:1 must be used by keeping the unconnected input terminated with a 50 load resistor. For the 1:1 application, the load resistor is not required when using the DUCOM 2:1. If some of the Tx inputs are not used, the free inputs must be matched with 50 loads. Each of the modules consists of the following HW parts: input isolators: duplex filters: vswr coupler: vswr proc, for matching and isolation to combine Rx and Tx frequency to one port. coupler for antenna supervision and test output. controls the signals from the VSWR coupler and generates the alarm signals,
- user board and display: contains the interfacing to the BTSE and the selection switch for different VSWR thresholds. - 3 dB hybrid: for wideband combining of 2 carriers (only DUCOM 4:1) - RX filter: Rx filter: for filtering the Rx diversity branch (in DUKIT 2*1:1 only) The interfaces are: TX RX ANT Test ASIGN LEDs switch to connect the PAs to connect the RXAMCOs to connect the antenna TX signal for test purposes for DC supply and signaling for status indication to select different VSWR thresholds
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The signaling interface is compatible with the HYCOM interface. The DUCOMs are connected via the connection board in the fuse panel to the backplane. The DUKITs are connected directly to the backplane via ribbon cables. DUCOM 2:1
EMI panel
vswr coup.
vswr proc.
LOGIC
vswr proc.
vswr coup.
DUPLEX-FILTER
DUPLEX-FILTER
TX
RX
Test
ASIGN
Test
TX
RX
ASIGN interface ored!
Fig. 5.3
BS6x, BS2x DUCOM 2:1 DUCOM 4:1

TX/RX ANT EMI panel TX/RX ANT
vswr coup.
vswr proc.
LOGIC
vswr proc.
vswr coup.
DUPLEX-FILTER
DUPLEX-FILTER
3 dB Hybrid
3 dB Hybrid
TX
TX
RX ASIGN interface ored!
Test
ASIGN
Test
TX
TX
RX
Fig. 5.4
BS6x DUCOM 4:1
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DUKIT 2*1:1
RX ANT TX/RX ANT EMI panel TX/RX ANT RX ANT
vswr coup.
vswr proc.
LOGIC
vswr proc.
vswr coup.
TX RX DUPLEX-FILTER
RX
TX DUPLEX-FILTER
RX RX
ISOLATOR
ISOLATOR
RX
TX
RX
Test ASIGN 1 ASIGN 0 to back plane
Test
TX
RX
RX
2ASIGN interfaces (not ored)
Fig. 5.5
BS21, BS22 DUKIT 2*1:1
5.1.1
PA version
Combiner losses (Tx path) and output power level

GSM900 Output power at the PA output DCS1800 Output power at the PA output 25 Watt 40 Watt
Low power High power Tab. 5.2
25 Watt 60 Watt Amplier Output Power Levels
Combiner type
Attenuation dB
25 W output power dBm 41.5 38.3 42.0 40.3 37.5 41.6 14.1 6.8 15.8 10.7 5.6 14.5 W 45.3 42.1 45.8 44.1 41.3 45.4
60 W output power dBm 33.9 16.2 38.0 25.7 13.5 34.7 W
DUCOM 2:1 DUCOM 4:1 HYCOM 1:1 HYCOM 2:1 HYCOM 4:1 FICOM 2:1 Tab. 5.3
2.5 5.7 2.0 3.7 6.5 2.4
Combiner Loss and Output Power Level after Combining (GSM) for 25 Watt and 60 Watt PA
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Combiner type
Attenuation dB
25 W output power dBm 41.0 40.7 41.2 43.4 43.6 12.5 14.8 13.2 21.8 22.8 W 44.8 44.5 45.0 47.2 47.4
60 W output power dBm 30.2 28.2 31.6 52.5 55 W
FICOM 4:1 FICOM 6:1 DUKIT HPDU TMA *
3.0 3.3 2.8 0.6 0.4
* RX Amplification of TMA is 25.5 dB Tab. 5.3 Combiner Loss and Output Power Level after Combining (GSM) for 25 Watt and 60 Watt PA
Combiner type
Attenuation dB
25 W output power dBm 41.5 38.3 42.0 38.8 35.6 40.8 40.3 39.8 39.8 42.6 42.7 14.1 6.8 15.8 7.6 3.6 12.0 10.7 9.5 9.5 18.2 18.6 W 45.3 42.1 45.8 42.6 39.4 44.6 44.1 43.6 43.6 47 47.1
40 W output power dBm 33.9 16.2 38.0 18.2 8.7 28.8 25.7 22.9 22.9 50.1 51.3 W
DUCOM 2:1 DUCOM 4:1 HYCOM 1:1 HYCOM 2:1 HYCOM 4:1 FICOM 2:1 FICOM 4:1 FICOM 6:1 DUKIT HPDU TMA *
2.5 5.7 2.0 5.2 8.4 3.2 3.7 4.2 2.8 0.8 0.7
* RX Amplification of TMA is 25.5 dB Tab. 5.4 Combiner Loss and Output Power Level after Combining (DCS/PCS) for 25 Watt and 40 Watt PA Antenna Combining includes the Tx band filter and the VSWR measurement equipment. The combiner loss for all DUCOMs on the Rx path is 2.2 dB. The combiner loss for all DUKITs on the Rx path is 2.5 dB.
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5.2
5.2.1
Receiving paths
Antenna diversity techniques
Antenna diversity is a second receive path to improve the receive quality and the grade of service. Basically, there are two different diversity combining techniques: Switched Combining Switched Combining simply selects one of the two receiver paths according to a given quality criterion, such as maximum receiver gain. Thus, in the case of correlated signals from receiver paths (and comparable gain), Switched Combining cannot improve receiver performance. A decision is usually made for one full Um burst. Maximum Ratio Combining Maximum Ratio Combining provides bitwise combining of all available information from both receiver paths. In the BTSE, Maximum Ratio Combining is performed upstream of the sixteen-state Soft-Output Viterbi Equaliser: Combining is performed individually for each received bit, in contrast to Switched Combining. Thus a true Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) with the full information of two receiver paths is implemented. Introduction of antenna diversity into the Base Transceiver Station is possible with the minimum amount of additional hardware: The Transceiver Processor Unit (TPU), containing digital and analog TRxs, is the same with and without diversity. Therefore, no changes are necessary for an upgrade to diversity. It is only necessary to add the infrastructure for the second receive path (Antenna, Receiver Antenna Module and Receiver Multicoupler).
5.2.2
Antenna system modules

A multicoupling tecnique is used for splitting the RX signal into several receiver inputs. The following modules are available: RXAMCO (Receiver Antenna Module and Multicoupler): DC/DC converter (supplies the board from the -48V DC supply) Low noise amplier with a gain of 20 dB (parallel architecture for an optimized MTBF gure). The overall noise factor is equal to 2 dB over the frequency and temperature range. RF test input to provide for future RF loopback facilities 4 multi-coupled outputs with "mirror frequency suppression Cascading output (for cells with more than 4 carriers per cell)
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RXAMCO RXFIL
R x C A B L E without Rx Preamplier LNA Preselector Splitter RX Band Filter Splitter Combiner RX Signal Distribution to TRXs Cascade
RXAntenna
Amplier DC-loop supervision
Next RXMUCO
Prefilter and RXAMCO with cabinet Fig. 5.6 Receiving path without preamplifier Optionally, the BTS can also be operated with a RXAMOD (Rx preamplifier) mounted near the antenna on the antenna tower. The following arguments favor this arrangement: The Rx sensitivity is independent of the length of the Rx cable (antenna to rack) The Rx sensitivity of the BTS is guaranteed at the Rx antenna (and not at the rack input) The Rx cable is non-critical (small diameter, easier to install) Network planning is easier (Rx sensitivity is a xed value) Distances between BTS can be larger due to better Rx sensitivity The RF performance at the cell border is better (grade of service) RXAMOD (Receiver Antenna Module): The RXAMOD is mounted at the receiver antenna and connected to the RXMUCO in the BTS cabinet via a coaxial cable. Its tasks are: Filtering of the complete receive band. Amplication of the incoming RF signal for compensation of cable losses to the BTS rack. The RXAMOD obtains about 30 dB total gain and 2.5 dB typical noise gure over the frequency and temperature range. Fig. 5.7 shows the functional architecture of the Receiver Antenna Module: The RF Filter at the antenna connector is required to suppress out-of-band signals. The Low Noise Amplier (LNA) has a parallel and fault-tolerant architecture.
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LNA
Antenna
RXFilter
Splitter
Combiner
RXMUCO
Amplier DC-loop supervision Fig. 5.7
RXMUCO
Functional architecture of the receiver antenna module
Two ampliers, working in parallel, are fed by a power splitter (3 dB 90 hybrid) and the amplier outputs are combined by a 3 dB 90 hybrid to feed the Rx cable to the BTS cabinet. A DC loop supervises the operation of the LNAs. It recognizes whether the LNA has an "urgent" alarm (both amplier branches failed) or if it has a "warning" alarm (only one amplier branch failed). If a fault is detected, an alarm message is transferred via the inner connector of the coaxial cable to the RXMUCO for further transmission to the OMC.
An overview of the Rx path with a tower-mounted Rx preamplifier installed is shown in Fig. 5.8. RXAMOD at Rx antenna LNA Rx Antenna RX Band Filter Splitter
Combiner
RXMUCO within cabinet Preselector Splitter RX Signal Distribution to TRXs LNA Cascade
R x C A B L E
with Rx Preamplier
Amplier DC-loop supervision Next RXMUCO
Fig. 5.8
Receiving path with preamplifier
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Fault tolerance on the Rx path: Three options are implemented to ensure fault tolerance on the Rx path: Parallel architecture within the Low Noise Amplier: if one amplier branch in the RXAMOD fails, the receiver gain decreases by maximum 6 dB and the noise level increases by a maximum of 3 dB. High MTBF gures for the RXAMOD ensure very high availability: each of the Low Noise Ampliers has an MTBF of 2.550.000 hours. Diversity can be installed as an option for full redundancy on the Rx path. This avoids performance degradation if a complete RXAMOD should fail (which is very unlikely, as explained above).
5.3
Receiver sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity without preamplifier Due to the extremely low system noise level, the BTS is able to guarantee a receiver sensitivity at the rack input in excess of -107 dBm for all typical environmental and operational conditions. This is significantly more than required by GSM/DCS Recommendations (-104 dBm). For indoor coverage (quasi-static profile), an Rx sensitivity as high as -109.0 dBm is guaranteed (see Fig. 5.9).
-109 dBm at rack entry RXAMCO
TPU
Cascading Output
Fig. 5.9 Receiver sensitivity without preamplifier
Receiver sensitivity with preamplifier The receiver sensitivity at the Rx antenna connector is in excess of -109 dBm when using the Rx preamplifier (RXAMOD). See Fig. 5.10.
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better then -109 dBm at antenna connector
RXAMOD
RXMUCO
TPU Filter LNA
Cascading Output
Fig. 5.10 Receiver sensitivity with low noise amplifier
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6 Power supply and battery backup

DC/DC converters (e.g. GPSU for central components) are integrated within the cabinets of BS20, BS21 and BS6x. Additionally, an AC/DC supply can be installed. It is integrated within the cabinets of the BS20, BS21 and BS61 and can be added as stand-alone equipment to the BS60. The BTS AC power supply has sufficient power to feed a fully-equipped BTS rack, the backup rack, as well as auxiliary equipment (e.g. a microwave). The BS22 follows a new power supply concept: A so-called ACMDC (AC Multiple DC) concept is used for powering the BS22. This unit directly converts the 230 V AC mains to the multiple internally-required DC voltages by the various boards e.g. +5V, -24 V, etc. As no common -48 V interface is provided, no means of battery backup is therefore possible. Nevertheless, due to the excellent MTBF figures of the unit (>10 years), redundancy of this unit is therefore not required. For short AC mains instability, the ACMDC can also bridge a period of about 3 to 4 cycles (@ 50Hz) i.e. 60 to 80 ms without having to restart a bring-up procedure of the BTS. If still deemed essential, an external UPS device (Uninterruptable Power Supply) can be used as an AC mains backup for e.g. several minutes (or hours) as required by the operator. Battery backup A built-in battery backup can be supplied with the following characteristics: BS20 Battery backup figures (in minutes, fully-equipped) Tab. 6.1 Battery Backup Times 10 BS21E 20 BS61E 60
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ACDC ALCO BBSIG CCTRL
Abbreviations
Alternate Current/Direct Current Converter AC Multiple DC Alarm and Control Base Band and Signalling Core Controller Duplex Combiner Duplex Combiner Kit Enhanced Full-Rate Filter Combiner Fuse Panel Full-Rate
ACMDC
DUCOM DUKIT EFR FICOM FP FR GPRS GPSU HPA HPDU HR HSCSD HYCOM MCLK MTBF OVPT RXAMCO RXAMOD TRXA TRXD UPS VSWR
,,
,, ,,
General Packed Radio System Generic Power Supply Unit High Power Amplifier High Power Duplexer Unit Half-Rate
,, ,,
High Speed Circuit Switched Data Hybrid Combiner Master Clock Mean Time Between Failures Overvoltage Protection and Tracer
Receiver Antenna Module and Multicoupler Receiver Antenna Module TRX Analog Part TRX Digital Part Uninterruptable Power Supply Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
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Information: Base Station System Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x

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Base Station System Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x

Technical Description (TED:BSS) BS-2x / 6x