WRITE SHORT NOTES ON THE FOLLOWING;JOSEPH M JURAN,PHILLIP B CROSBY,ARMAND FEIGENBAUM,KAROU ISHIKAWA,GENICHI TAGUCHI,EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR QUALITY MANAGEMENT (EFQM),MALCOLM

BALDRIDGE NATIONAL QUALITY AWARD. JOSEPH M JURAN:

John M Juran led the quality revolution in Japan during the post second (2nd) world war period.his work was largely influenced by Frederick Winslow Taylor, later by Margaret Meads Cooks (Cultural Patterns And Technical Change Book) and later by the Japanese concepts of quality circles which is a tool of TQM focusing on the problem solving techniques in a sporadic manner. H e is along with Edward Deming seen as the principal force in converting non significant low profile Japanese companies between the 1950s and 60s into world class world leaders in their respective field of operation. Jurans holistic approach for all round business excellence known as the Jurans trio logy involving the three step approach for business excellence quality planning quality control quality improvement

He described quality planning similar to Demings P (plan) of the PDCA cycle. He reorganised it by adding the mission, vision and quality objectives of an organisation in advance and working out the plan to achieve it in least cost. He is widely credited with adding the human dimension to quality management and argued that fear can bring out the best in people in sharp contrast to Demings assertion that fear was an inhibitor in the workplace. He is famous for bringing the issue about the cost of poor quality (COPQ) to the fore. The concept of cost of poor quality (COPQ) focuses on wastages and taking suitable steps to eliminate it. Juran defined quality control as control over process which involves periodic measurement of events proceeding as per the plan or not and taking corrective steps in case of a deviation. Quality control will retain the chronic deficiencies at the same level and not allow them to increase. Without change there will be constant waste, costs shall increase after improvements, margins will be higher and increased costs shall be recouped.

Quality improvement eliminates the source of the chronic deficiencies in systematic manner involving Jurans quality improvement projects (JQIP) leading to reduction in cost of poor quality (COPQ) thereby increasing profit as well as quality and customer satisfaction.

Quality& product saleability

Company A

Company B

time

Fig 1.quality improvement rate versus time

In fig.1, these two companies A and B above, company B is initially much below company A. Over a period of time Company B overtakes company A to become market leader as it has followed the revolutionary rate of quality improvement and growth. His views on management are more holistic, appreciating the nuances of work and the influences of human relationship. In his approach to cross functional management, he believed in the idea that training top and middle management was paramount to achieving business excellence through quality planning, quality control and quality improvement in organisations that are service or manufacturing in nature. He liberally applied the pareto principle to quality issues i.e. 80% of a problem is caused by the 20% of the causes, rephrasing it as the vital few and the trivial many changing into the vital few and the useful many. He focused on managing for quality. He defined quality as fitness for use by the customer and therefore institutionalising customer satisfaction. It has led to a remarkable growth in the importance of quality to the society with marvellous benefits of technology which ensures the continuity of the very life style adopted worldwide and which also translates into the survival of organisation that make it their mandate to satisfy its customers. Jurans theory of quality concept shows the ways of attainment of total quality management in a systematic holistic manner. Many industries around the world have adopted the Juran methodology of quality improvement i.e. improvement aimed towards better satisfaction,

reducing cost of poor quality, better profitability, better product saleability and ultimately attaining total quality management. However the two aspects of Jurans trio logy of quality plan and control have largely not been implemented. It is notable that organisations by taking up simple Juran Quality Improvements projects have recorded marginal gains in the relevant areas applied. The scope of quality has broadened which includes product quality and quality of services. The Juran institute Incorporation aims at inculcating quality leadership through quality improvement. Results of research of the many failures of American organisations are the poor choice of strategy for managing quality and the upper management lack of knowledge of how to manage for quality and these are all a function of quality planning. Therefore without the structure of a proper quality plan and defined objective or goal and no strategy to achieve it quality improvement will become sporadic, directionless and a failure in achieving quality leadership. Thanks to Joseph Jurans work products are systematically engineered with fewer defects than eight decades ago. He redefined quality control, persuading company to plan for it from the top of management and his quality control handbook is the bible in this field.

PHILLIP CROSBY: