Yarn Texting & Quality Control Instrument

Yarn Texting & Quality Control Instrument is many types. Such as:

1. Yarn Number 2. Yarn Twist 3. Yarn Strength 4. Yarn Hairiness 5. Yarn Friction 6. Yarn Rubbing 7. Yarn Evenness 8. Crimp Rigidity 9. Elastic Recovery 10. Initial Modulus 11. Yarn Shrinkage 12. Snarl Index 13. Yarn Appearance 14. Thermal Stress Analysis

1. Yarn Number/ Count The testing method, which is used to fiber identification: Analytic Balance Knowles Balance Quandrant Balance Beesley Balance Stubb yarn Balance

The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Wrap Reel Suter skein reel Fidelity skein reel Quandrant Balance Beesley Balance Shadograph

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2. Yarn Twist The testing method, which is used to fiber identification: Untwist Method Untwist-Retwist Method Tensioning Method Strightened Method Continuous Method Breakage Method The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Single Yarn Twist Tester Double Yarn Twist Tester

3. Yarn Strength The testing method, which is used to fiber identification: Pendulum Type Inclined Plane Type Strain Gauge Type The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Pendulum Tester ( Scott ) Suter Single end pendulum tester Uster fully automatic tester Instron tensile tester

4. Yarn Hairiness The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Shirley yarn hairiness. Hair Scan Portable Yarn Hairiness Monitor 5. Yarn Friction The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification:

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 Shirley Friction Tester Yarn-on-Yarn Friction Tester 6. Yarn Rubbing The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Thread Tension Rubbing Tester 7. Yarn Evenness The testing method, which is used to fiber identification: Visual Inspection Seripiane Method KnittingMethod Cutting & weighting Method Thickness Gauge Method Fixed shoe type Grooved type Roller yarn diameter tester Air Micrometer Method ( Air-flow ) Electronic Capacitance Method Photoelectric Method The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Evenness Tester 8. Crimp Rigidity of Textured Yarns The testing instrument, which is used to fiber identification: Crimp Rigidity Tester [4]

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Yarn Number/ Count

The count of yarn is defined as a number indicating its weight age. In direct system the count is the weight of a unit length of yarn; for example Tex is the weight in gram of 1000 meter length of yarn, Denier is weight in gram of 9000 meter of yarn. In indirect systems the count is the number of units of fixed lengths of yarn which make a fixed weight: for example Cotton is number of hanks in one pound weight of yarn, Metric is number of kilometer in one kilogram of yarn etc.

1.Wrap Reel
Wrap Reel is used to check count of yarn to prepare lea.. The automatic wrap reel is made to put the leas on the reel. This electronic wrap reel is convenient and easy to use and functions efficiciently. This electronic wrap reel is made with precision and attention to each and every detail so that the best can easily be supplied to the client. This Instruments is designed for preparing leas of 120 yards or in meter of accurate lenth with uniform tension. It has an automatic yarn spreading device and stop motion. The stop motion will put off the automatic wrap reel automatically on the completion of full leas. Features of Wrap Reel:

The equipment consists of solidly constructed swift/wheel. It has traverse mechanism. Wrap reel is fitted with a digital counter. It is powered by a special geared motor. It is automatic.

Fig: Wrap Reel

2.Suter skein reel

Features:

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 Hand operated Circumference area is 1.5 yards Completing reeling 120 yards Speed is moderate

Fig: Suter skein Reel

3.Fidelity skein reel

Features: Motor operated Circumference area is 1.5 yards Completing reeling 120 yards Speed is moderate

Fig: Fidelity skein reel

4.Quandrant Balance
In the textile industry, quadrant balances are the traditional method for measuring area weight or yarn count of yarns, slivers or roving.

Fig: Quandrant Balance

Features:

Simple to calibrate Direct reading Suitable for various count system

5.Beesley Balance

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Beasley Balance consists of a light weight beam pivoted on jewel bearings with a hook at one end and a pointer at the other. The beam is initially leveled to bring the pointer against a Datum line. A standard weight is suspended in a notch on the beam arm on the pointer side. A template is used to cut short lengths of yarn, the length depending upon the count system required. These length are placed on the hook until the pointer comes against the Datum line. The number of short lengths required to balance the beam gives the count of the yarn. A template is provided to give lengths of yarn in "METRIC", "COTTON", "LINEAN", "WOOLSKEIN" and "WORSTED" counts. The balance is housed in a beautiful painted metal case having sliding transparent acrylic doors.

Fig: Beesley Balance

6.Shadograph
Recently a direct reading model of the Shadograph scale has been develop for weighting yarn & roving skeins of count. The dial can be calibrated in yarn number, weight , count. The scale are accurate , quickreacting & extremely simple to use. Their use should save time & effort where full quality control programs are used. [8]

Fig: Shadograph

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Yarn Twist
The strength of a yam and other properties of fabrics depends to a great extent on the amount of twist given to it. Thus accurate determination of this factor is of prime importance in assessing the quality of any yarn. The amount of twist given to a yam is usually determined by untwisting a known length of yam and finding the number of rotations of one of its ends relative to the other which remove the twists completely. The equipment used for determination of twists of a yam is known as Twist Tester.

Single Yarn Twist Tester

Hand operated Twist Tester to determine Twists in double or multiple plied yarns. All the Components are made of Stainless Steel for Life-Long trouble free operations. The Unit has a pre-settable 5 Digit Counter to register the number of Twist in the yarn. The provision to provide required tension to the yarn, while untwisting, is there in the unit. A viewing plate and a magnifying glass is provided in the unit to enable easy untwisting and determining the end point of the opened yam. Supplied with 1 No. Pointing Needle, Allen Key (For tension load adjustment) and detailed user's manual.

Fig : Single Yarn Twist Tester

Specially designed Twist Tester to check Twists in a Single Yarn. The Unit has a pre-settable 5 Digit Counter to register the number of Twists in a Single Yarn. 2 Dead Weights (10gms & 20gms) is supplied to provide Tension to the Yarn while untwisting. A magnifying Glass to check the untwisting of Yarn is provided with the unit.

Double Yarn Twist Tester

Double Yarn Twist Tester is used to check the twist in yarn. It is used to determine the twist per inch/cm in double or plied yarns. Feature of Double Yarn Twist Tester:

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Ergonomically latest design with modern aesthetics. Smooth precision-engineered mechanism. With analogy re-settable twist counter. Complete with all accessories along with proper tension device. Supplied with calibration & inspection certificates.

Fig: Double Yarn Twist Tester

Working principle of Double Yarn Twist Tester: Double Twist Tester for yarns consists of a set of clamps; one of which is rotating and the other fixed. The rotating clamp is driven by hand through a speed increasing arrangement and a five-digit re-settable revolution counter to count the number of twists. The fixed clamp has a knob by which yarn is clamp. Applied the require Tension to the yarn. The fixed clamp assembly can be moved over a guide bar for setting the required test length of yarn. The Test Length is indicated on a strip scale fixed to the base against a pointer attached to the moving assembly. The various components are fixed on a rigid cast iron base. The unit is nicely finished and all parts are bright chrome plated to give a corrosion resistant finish. [9]

Yarn Strength
The Lea strength of yarn is one of the major properties on which the suitability of yarn for its ultimate end use depends. The test for determination of Lea strength consists of making a lea from the yarn with the help of a wrap reel and testing it on the lea strength tester which registers the maximum load at which the lea starts unraveling.

Pendulum Tester ( Scott )

*Features:

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Lea Strength Tester is constructed on a sturdy fabricated steel structure with a heavy base plate which can be directly placed on the ground. The lea is placed between two pins, one of which is moving and the other is attached to a load measuring arrangement. The moving pin is driven through a screw arrangement driver by a motor and a worm reduction gear box. Provision has been made for automatically stopping the motor at the extreme positions of the moving pin. Two moveable pins arc provided, one to accommodate metric leas of 1meter swift perimeter and the second to accommodate imperial lea of 1.5 yards swift perimeter.
Fig: Pendulum Tester

The load exerted on the lea is measured with the help of the deflection of a pendulum and is indicated on a circular dial having provision for indicating the maximum load applied before failure of lea occurs. Load measurement is done in three ranges. The ranges can be changed by adding disc weights to a pin fitted at the outer end of the pendulum arm. Overload protection to automatically stop the motor if the load exerted goes above the maximum capacity on any range is also provided.

Suter Single end pendulum tester

Single End Yarn Strength Tester. To determine the breaking load and extension of single yarns up to 5000 centi-grams force. Electronically operated with mechanical action, provided with scales 0-500cg force and 0-5000cg force, extension scale graduated in mm and percentage of standard test length (500mm) .

Fig: Suter Single end pendulum tester

Features: Data Sampling Frequency is More than 800HZ, ease to catch peak value, most precisely indicate property of textile material; Sharp blue LCD Panel, the operator simply s the required test module and test standard; A graphical icon on each button clearly illustrates its current function. This greatly simplifies the screen by only showing commands relevant to the current task; Use Mitsubishi 16bit MCU, Mitsubishi 16bit A / D converter, more excellent anti-jamming, more rapid data transfer; Clock auto generating, and be visual consistently; Real time display of on-going test data (Like mean square value, average, max, min, etc) ; Able to preset tensile force; Force unit: N, Kgf, 1b, in, cN can be switched freely;

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 Report, diagram are handled by computer and print out printer; Calibration file to calibrate the unit and indicate with figure; Operator can use LCD control panel to operate the unit and print testing data without PC (bidirectional controlling) ; Data can be sent to excel and analysed by computer; Overlay display of data curve possible.

Uster fully automatic tester

Feature:

USTER FM optical sensor measures and classifies all foreign matter in the yarn USTER HAIRINESS H value from the OH module early warning of potential problems and the basis for yarn trading USTER OM module measures the diameter variation, shape and density of the yarn, so users can predict how the yarn will look in the finished fabric USTER OI module checks impurities, trash and dust particles USTER Fancy Yarn Profile takes slub yarn measurement to new level, to simplify the complex process of fancy yarn manufacture Knowledge Based System (KBS) pinpoints the source of faults throughout the production chain USTER FA module automatic determination of yarn count for a given length of material (only S800) Temperature and Humidity Sensor measuring carried out according to international standards

Fig : Uster fully automatic tester

The Uster Tensorapid

The Uster Tensorapid for measuring single yarn strength

Fig: The Uster Tensorapid

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Instron tensile tester

Instron tension testers, or pull testers, are used to determine the tensile strength of various materials from metals to plastics. These tensile testing systems utilize various technologies to apply a range of tensile forces. Standard tensile forces can be applied with an electromechanical tensile tester while higher tension loads require a static hydraulic tensile system. Dynamic systems are a good fit for customers looking to perform fatigue tests as well as static tension tests. [10 & 11 ]

Fig : Instron tensile tester

Yarn Hairiness
Hairiness significantly influences the properties of yarns and fabrics. Hairiness in warp yarns can cause considerable breakage and hence stoppage of weaving looms, thus reducing the efficiency of production. It causes pilling on fabrics, resulting in poor appearance. Yarn hairiness is very complex, but this parameter is now as routinely tested as the other parameters of yarns. Hairiness can be defined as the state of migrated fibre ends and fibre loops pushed to the surface of the yarn body. The factors causing yarn hairiness can be studied in three different ways; the physical properties of fibres, yarn parameters and machine parameters used.

Shirley yarn hairiness

A measuring head consisting of a photocell placed close to the yarn counts the number of interruptions made by the protruding hairs to an LCD beam. The measuring head is infinitely adjustable from 1 to 10 mm from the surface of yarn. This enables measurement of hairiness as per the length of hairs. Nip rollers at 50 to 300 m/min drive yarn by an electronic variable speed drive. Latest version is operated by a PC. Continuous chart of hairiness can also be obtained through a recorder or printer. A portable battery operated model is available for online measurement of hairiness with a standard measuring head of 3 mm. Portable model will enable detection of spindles giving high hairiness. Fig: Shirley yarn hairiness

Hair Scan Portable Yarn Hairiness Monitor

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For monitoring the quality of spun yarn or detecting broken filaments. The portable battery powered unit uses an infra red detecting head while low power circuitry ensures a long battery life,typically 10 hours. A two line intelligent display(LCD) shows the measurement time (seconds) and count. If the batteries are low on charge a message will appear requesting the batteries to be charged. Measurement time is selectable in increments of 5 or 10 seconds. minimum is 5 seconds and the maximum is 95 seconds. For broken filament detection there is a continuous mode where the Hair Scan will monitor until the operator decides to finish. Measuring head can be fixed permanently in the thread line.

Fig: Hair Scan Portable Yarn Hairiness Monitor

The Hair Monitor is supplied with a STANDARD measuring head size of 3mm. This dimension was set many years ago by Shirley Institute for their Yarn Hairiness Meter first build in the 1960's. We also offer a range of heads from 1mm to 5mm that can be specified in increments of 0.1mm with different dimensions between the yarn guide and the detecting hole. It is important to secify a non-standard head requirement when ordering. [12 & 13 ]

Yarn Friction
Friction testing of yarn is very important in textile processing. It plays a major role in weaving efficiency and in the performance of the final fabrics. Yarn friction tester is widely used to test the friction characteristics of fiber yarn. Generally, frictional behaviour of yarns made from different spinning system is effected by their surface structure. Friction between fibers in a yarn is a basic property effecting the characteristics of a textile product during all stages of production and use. Besides that different physical or chemical properties of yarns tend to impart different surface characteristic and different friction behavior.

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Yarn friction tester can also be used to determine the coefficient of friction of yarns

Shirley Friction Tester

Shirley friction testers, both integrated drum and separate drum types, all spares and accessories eg pens, paper circles etc.; SDL digital , Lawson Hemphill with friction meter test stand.

Fig:Shirley Friction Tester

Features: Proven design. Simple, robust construction. Easy to use. Direct reading. No pointer oscillation. Minimum Maintenance. Inexpensive

Yarn-on-Yarn Friction Tester

The coefficient of friction of rope making yarns has a major influence on rope strength. A low coefficient of friction allows yarns and strands to realign under load, thus redistributing stresses and increasing rope strength. A high coefficient of friction contributes to the strength and durability of splices. Very high or very low friction can accordingly reduce rope strength.

\
Fig:Twisted Strand Yarn-to-Yarn Friction ApparatusTwisted-Yarn Method

For yarn friction measurements we perform an adaptation of the ASTM "Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Yarn". We employ a special test machine and test at a number of different applied tensions. We can perform this test at different yarn speeds.
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We can also adapt this machine to measure coefficient of friction of yarn on various other materials.

We have performed such friction tests on many different rope-making yarns; nylon, polyester, aramid, HMPE, etc. [ 14 & 15 ]

Yarn Rubbing
Thread Tension Rubbing Tester
This state-of-the-art thread rubbing tester allows the user to judge the color firmness of dyeing or printed yarn. The abrasive hammer is wrapped with either a dry or wet white yarn, thus allowing abrasion of the colored sample with certain loads and times. The sample is then compared with a gray-scale to judge the color firmness. \
Fig: Thread Tension Rubbing Tester

For colored yarn and similar materials, test the dyeing-color firmness against abrasion. Use the standard white yarn (dry or wet) to wrap the abrasion hammer and attach with a fix load weight. Set abrasion to a specific number of times smoothly to the colored specimen. Then take out the white cotton cloth to compare with the standard gray-scale and evaluate the level of color firmness or dying or printing of the material.

Crock Meter ( Manual )

The manual crock meter is designed to test the discoloration extent of dry textile after abrasion. The rubbing hammer of this crock meter is wrapped with dry or wet white yarn cloth, then rubbed on the specimen clamped to the testing table ten times for 10 seconds. The material is then removed to evaluate the discolor level in comparison with a gray-scale. [16]

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Fig : Crock Meter ( Manual )

Yarn Evenness Tester

Paramount Yarn Evenness Tester (Hand Operated) consists of a yarn wrap Board .The Board is rotated automatically to wrap yarn over it on operating the handle. The yarn is guided on to the board through a yarn guide, which moves parallel to the pivoting axis of the board giving uniformly spaced wraps. The guide is positively linked to the rotation of the board with the help of a chain and sprocket drive. A set of change gears gives six different spacing to the yarn for wrapping yarn of different counts. A spring loaded adjustable tensioning arrangement provides the desired tension to the yarn. A specially designed bobbin holder is provided for holding the yarn bobbin to check. The equipment is built on a rigid wooden base. It is finished in Grey & blue color to give it a corrosion resistant finish. One Tapered & One Rectangular Acrylic Board having one face White and the other Black to enable evaluation of both light and dark colored yarns are supplied as Standard Accessory.

Main Units: 1. Bobbin. 2. Thread / Yarn Guide. 3. Tapered / Parallel Board. 4. Board fixing screw (On Both Sides). 5. Handle for Rotation. 6. Knob to lift the box. 7. Drive Box Unit. 8. Front Shaft for movement. 9. Thread Guide. 10. Movable Thread Guide Block. 11. Spring Tensioner. 12. Thread Eyelid.

Salient Features: Specially designed equipment to access the yarn irregularities Two different types of boards supplied for winding the yarn. Separate unit for holding yarn bobbin. Yarn wrapped on the board can be 20,22,26,32,38 & 48 ends per inch. Six traverse speed options for fine to coarser count of yarn.
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 Supplied with all accessories. [17]

Crimp Rigidity
Crimp is an important property that determines processing behaviour in carding, drafting and fault incidences in yarn. Crimp frequency, amplitude, crimp stability, crimp elongation, decrimping point are some of the important properties that determine crimp.

Crimp Rigidity Tester is used to determine the bulking potential of texturized yarns.

Crimp Rigidity Tester can be used for both polyamide and polyester texturized yarns. Crimp frequency and amplitude may be determined by projecting a magnified image of fibre on screen. Equipment at B-Tex Engineering is manufactured using high quality and high grade raw materials, and is tested for quality assurance before delivery. Moreover, all testing instruments manufactured by us are covered by warranty.

Crimp Rigidity Tester

Principle A load equivalent to 0.09 g/dtex is suspended from the end of a yarn immersed in water. After a fixed time the load is reduced to 0.0018 g/dtex and after a further fixed time the reduction in the length of yarn is measured. The crimp rigidity of yarn is the reduction in length of the yarn expressed as a percentage of the original length.

Fig: Crimp Rigidity Tester

Feature

The instrument is based on test method. The tester can be used for both polyamide and polyester texturized yarns. Instrument mounted on a sturdy metal base. Compact and portable. Heating arrangement for measurement of hot Crimp contraction. [18]

Yarn Package Durometer

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The HPE Digital version of our Yarn Package Durometer has additional advantages. Prisms can be added onto the test stamp, making it easier to measure on spools with different dimensions.

Fig:Yarn Package Durometer

Additional Advantages:

Constant contact pressure of 12,5 N by the help of an integrated pressure spring No canting or bevelled position on the test object Measuring errors, caused by an irregular pressure, are avoided Hardness test on points which is usually very difficult Precise measurements in all measuring directions The measured value is frozen on the display after the measuring time is over[19]

Air Permeability
The Low Pressure Air Permeability Machine was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of measuring the air permeability of textile type materials. and It is the acknowledged standard of the U.S. Government and the U.S. Textile Industry. The second model, High Pressure Air Permeability Machine is produced on the same principle as the Low Pressure Machine, but designed with a much greater versatility for use through its higher attainable airflow and differential pressure. Both models are extremely accurate and reliable, very easy to operate, and nearly maintenance free.

Air Permeability Tester

This machines were originally developed for measuring the air permeability of textile materials and are, in fact, the standard air permeability testing machines in the industry for
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quality control, research, development, performance and purchase specifications. It was quickly discovered that these machines are equally adaptable for measuring the air permeability with great accuracy and precision of any material that can be fitted to the physical dimensions of the machine. These materials include all fiber products such as paper, felt, nonwoven materials, filters and even wire cloth. [20]

Fig: Air Permeability Tester

Tear Strength Test

Analog Tear Strength Tester
The analog Tearing Testers are accurate, low-cost and high quality falling pendulum tear testing Instruments with analog display for the determination of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tongue-type tear starting from a cut in paper, cardboard, plastics, nonwoven and woven fabrics, yarn with proper configuration.

Fig: Analog Tear Strength Tester

It is suitable for most fabrics including woven fabrics and yarn provided the material does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force application during the test. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a material using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.

Digital Tear Strength Tester

A microprocessor controls the falling-pendulum instrument used to measure the tearing resistance test of films, laminated films, foils, paper and textiles fabrics & yarn.

Fig: Digital Tear Strength Tester

Characteristics

Computer controlled (fully automatic procedure), Windows operating system Powerful and professional software that can enable the customer to analyze samples easily Rapid and reliable data gathering

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Pneumatic system clamps specimen and releases Tearing range is easy to modify [21]

Muffle Furnace Test

The Furnace has ro-bust Construction with muffle of high grade refractory wound Kanthal Heating Elements, Sealed with embedding cement. Temperature is controlled by Sunvic Energy Regulator fitted in the base front of the furnace. With automatic door switch heating is cut off with counter balance handle. Front Panel has two indicator lights. Designed to operate on 220 Volts, single phase 50 Cycle A.C. 100MM. Pyrometer Indicator & Thermocouple with necessary lead wire is provided for indicating the temperature. The casing is made of thick mild steel sheet reinforced with angleiron. Maximum Temperature 900oC Excess temp cut off fuse is provided in the Furance. [22]

Fig:Muffle Furnace Test

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Projection Microscope

It is a versatile instrument of universal applications, designed for all stages of demonstration, measurements, checking, counting & comparison in Science Labs, Textile Production, Medical & Agricultural Fields. It's compact, dust proof construction, light weight, functional design & quality optical components make it a useful instrument in the respective fields. All Microscopes are designed as convenient table models for continuous use in normal room light conditions. All controls are laid out for rational working. The test object, projected on to the screen in the desired magnification, can be analysed, measured & compared by a observer or by small groups. The adjustment of the Microscope requires a concentrate his efforts upon observation of the specimen.

Fig:Projection Microscope

The Projection concept is modern & extremely flexible for Research & Quality Control in areas of Textile Production. It also conforms to IS 744:1977 for determination of wool fibre diameter - projection method. The Projection image on the Screen is bright, contrastfull and of high resolving power. The 200 mm round graduated screen is made from fine grain glass, rotatable in 3600 on ball bearings & has a fresnel lens behind it for brilliant and uniform illumination throughout the screen area. The instrument is equipped with two control knobs near the screen for demonstration of a particular section through a loop & arrow arrangement, is controlled by a variable intensity Controlled Knob. [22]

Yarn Tester on Spinning Process

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The test unit helps to find faulty spinning units during production process. Moir slubs and cross section changes are being indicated. Maximum check time 10 seconds per spinning position. Includes charger, cart for on floor use, sof ware loaded on PC. 2MB Ram memory to download to PC. [23]

Water Penetration Tester

Suter Tester
Water Penetration Tester (Hydrostatic Pressure Tester) is designed and manufactured according to AATCC-127-1989 (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists). The main function of these water penetration testers is to test the endurance of waterproof fabric, cloth or other material, as exposed to water by testing the yarn.

Fig: Suter Tester ( Water Penetration Tester )

Applications:

Water Pressure Method Certain Water Pressure Method Water leakage Method

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Specifications:

Specimen: 8 inch x 8 inch Pressing area dimension: 4.5 inch (about 114 mm) Grip method: pneumatic, able to preset gripping strength Water pressure height: 0 ~ 180 or 0 ~ 350 cm H20 Pressure speed: 1 ~ 3 cm H20/sec. Adjustable (or low speed 0 ~ 1 cm H20/sec) With upper/lower limit setting, to protect the machine, lower limit is zero point of water level, this tester must return to lower limit position before continuous next test, to ensure accuracy of each test Fast homing away device, to avoid waiting for a long time to restart Power source: Single phase, 110V/60HZ, or 220V/50HZ or specified

Portable Water Penetration Tester

Suter Tester (Portable Water Resistance Tester) is designed to test the water pressureresistance of waterproof-fiber cloth or other material, to obtain a precise water-resistance level for these materials. No electricity is required with the portable water penetration tester. The frame of the instrument is made of aluminum and can be used for estimating higher pressures. It can be switched between high pressure and low pressure and is portable for convenient in the field inspection. [30]

Fig : Portable Water Penetration Tester

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Yarn Inspector
The yarn inspector allows the users to clearly observe the defects and determine the quality by winding the yarn evenly on the dark board. A compound specimen is used to soak in artificial perspiration resolution (separately in acid and alkali) completely. Natural dry for 30 minutes, then use this tester to apply a constant pressure. The specimen is then put in 37C drying oven for 4 hours. The specimen is removed, left to completely dry, then compared with a gray scale to evaluate the perspiration-resistance level.

Fig: Yarn Inspector

External Appearance:

Pedestal: For placing specimen and transfer pressure Hard plastic board: For griping the specimen, normally is made by Acrylic size: 63 x 115 x 2 mm (There are 21 pcs enclosed in this tester) Pressure Block: Its function is to transfer the force to all specimen and keep constant pressure by a spring function without loading weight Loading weights: Used for loading pressure, increasing pressure and constant pressure[25]

Binocular Microscope
The Binocular Microscope is an essential part of the modern lab for inspection and verification of fibers and yarn.

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Fig:Binocular Microscope

The Binocular head is inclined at 45, rotating through 360 and can be locked in any position. Low and high powered objectives are selected by rotating the nosepiece through 90 having parfocal magnifications. [21]

Technical Specifications Standard Magnification 20x and 40x Standard achromatic objectives 2x and 4x Adjustable from 55mm to Interpupillary distance 75mm Lighting 6V-20Watt Halogen bulbs

USTER TESTER
The USTER TESTER is acknowledged throughout textiles as the global standard in evenness testing. It means spinners can control yarn quality levels precisely. So its a basis for optimizing profitability. There are two latest-technology models in the range: 1. The USTER TESTER 5-S800. 2. The USTER TESTER 5-S400.
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Feature:

USTER FM optical sensor measures and classifies all foreign matter in the yarn USTER HAIRINESS H value from the OH module early warning of potential problems and the basis for yarn trading USTER OM module measures the diameter variation, shape and density of the yarn, so users can predict how the yarn will look in the finished fabric USTER OI module checks impurities, trash and dust particles USTER Fancy Yarn Profile takes slub yarn measurement to new level, to simplify the complex process of fancy yarn manufacture Knowledge Based System (KBS) pinpoints the source of faults throughout the production chain USTER FA module automatic determination of yarn count for a given length of material (only S800) Temperature and Humidity Sensor measuring carried out according to international standards

Global standard in yarn quality testing Key features are the measurement of the globally-accepted CVm and the detection of imperfections for the material being tested. The capacitive measuring method used by the USTER TESTER 5 provides highly-accurate control of mass variation in yarn, roving and sliver.

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Precision and accuracy at top speed USTER pioneered evenness testing more than 60 years ago and that experience gives the USTER TESTER 5 an unbeatable advantage. Unique sensor technology guarantees precision and accuracy in testing, proven by extensive industrial experience. The high speed of the USTER TESTER 5 up to 800 m/min with the S800 model is another USTER breakthrough. Results from the USTER TESTER 5 can be correlated automatically with USTER STATISTICS values the benchmarking tools of the industrys accepted global standards for quality comparisons. [10]

Some Report Graph of Uster :

On-line yarn quality control on winding machines

The sensor detects yarn defects such as thick and thin places, knots, bad splices, ... When the position produces an off-quality product BarcoProfile flags immediately an alarm. BarcoProfile substitutes time consuming laboratory-based spot checks with a 100% on-line real-time quality assurance.

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Additional features offered include length measurement and accurate reporting of production parameters such as produced weight, efficiency, ... Exception reporting provides a sound approach to preventive maintenance. Integration into a BMSs CIM systems such as SpinMaster is also possible.

Fig:On-line yarn quality control on winding machines

Optical and absolute yarn diameter control

Operating principle The sensor measures the shadow cast by the yarn on the photo receiver. State of the art optoelectronics ensure a supreme stability in even the most adverse environments. This allows an absolute measurement and leads to a detector capability of even the faintest gradual diameter changes. From the rapid succession of measured diameter the yarn profile is reconstructed and digitally analyzed using sophisticated software algorithms.

Specifications

Yarn count range: 5 - 3500 Tex. Speed range: 0 - 1000 m/min. Diameter measurement accuracy 0.01 mm. Detection and classification of thick and thin places such as slubs, knots, splices, ... Detection of thick and thin yarn caused by e.g. bad dipping, a missing yarn component, ... Control of the overall yarn irregularity, detection of irregular dipping and twisting. Immediate alarm, production stop or package doff in case off-quality yarn is detected. [24]

The TS44 Analogic solution

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Outstanding flexibility and accuracy

The measurement of yarn tension, the detection and analysis of defects/irregularities (neps, slubs, filament in excess or lacking, yarn missing...), the count of twists/shagginess, the possibility of measuring the length of collected yarn and of defining a target, are fundamental requirements to guarantee a complete quality control of any production process. The BTSR sensors/quality control systems division develops and manufactures a wide range of flexible solutions which provide an accurate measurement of yarn parameters, in order to assure the best quality of yarn/process used. The technologies adopted to implement such sensors guarantee the highest quality and accuracy standards. The Quality Control Sensors are combined with advanced management terminals of the SMART series, which allow you to program and control in simple and efficient way all parameters and desired control tolerances providing , in addition, accurate production reports for process quality certification. BTSR represents your Quality Partner, supplying the most suitable solutions to your specific needs.

SMART 200 TSS

Product Outline

The SMART 200 TSS & TS55 system, consisting of a SMART 200 TSS terminal and TS55 series programmable sensors, represents the BTSR solution for tension measurement and monitoring of a yarn put under control in the course of a textile process. This product has been designed for applications on yarn preparation processes, such as spiral covering, texturing, doubling, knit de knit winding machines, etc..., which, during the product processing, require an accurate control, aimed at the yarn quality. The accurate control is made possible by the use of TS55 (Tension Smart Scanning Sensor) device, capable of performing an exact measurement and analysis of the yarn tension. High accuracy and repeatability are assured by the exclusive digital technology (Digital Signal Processor) developed by BTSR, based upon the use of a loading cell which converts the tension exerted by the yarn into a digital signal.

The TS44 analogic solution

BTSR also offers an analogic solution through the TS44 sensor, a precise instrument for yarn

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tension measurement. The TS44 analogic device makes possible to implement yarn collection or processing systems capable of actively reacting to any tension variation the yarn may undergone, thus allowing you to achieve new quality standards in the textile fiber processing. [20]

Highlights

Brillant led lights (red and green) to indicate working and stop alarm condition of each sensor. Very little tiny dimension for an easy installation. Possibility of putting them alongside each other for high density yarn control.

"Touch light" function allows a precise and fast using of button sensor during different procedure. Possibility of using the sensors in different applications with any type of yarn thanks to the SMART 200 TSS control terminal.

Low measuring angle (15) thet grant a very high precision measuring, without modifing the collecting yarn characteristic.

Quality Control on Polyester

We have a well equipped lab of international standards having equipments imported from Germany, Austria and Japan. The yarn manufactured undergoes various tests like denier, uster, tenacity, elongation, % CV, Draw Tension, Shrinkage, Oil pick up, Hose Knitting, Dyeing, etc.

Raw Material Tests :

Intrensic viscosity Carboxy1 Group Test

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DEG Content Wt. of Granules

The company started its polyester operations in 2004. We have installed new state of art automatic craft winder plant imported from Barmag, Germany, which is the most latest & cost efficient technology in the world. The initial capacity is 12500 M. Tones per annum, but it will be increased in near future. Company is importing PET chips or buying locally from suppliers of international repute. The spin finish oil is imported from Tako Moto, Japan. Company is producing Polyester Semi Dull Intermingled Partially Oriented Yarn: Denier: Ranging from 50 denier to 250 denier. Filaments: 14, 36, 48 & 72. Specifications for Partially Oriented Yarn : No. Test Parameter 1. Denier 2. Elongation % 3. Tenacity (gpd) 4. Oil Pick Up % 5. Luster % (36 & 48 filaments) 6. Luster % (72, 100 & 144 filaments ) Result Avg 2% Avg 5 Min 2.5 0.05 Max 1.2 Max 1.8

Standard Bobbin Weight : 16 Kgs

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Standard Bobbin Dimension Features Packaging Material is packed in 1000 kg pallet or Corrugated box with net weight of 64 kgs. POY can be texturised on high speed machines at a speed of 1000 meters per minute. All POY spools are with transfer tail increasing the efficiency and productivity. All POY is intermingled making it capable to run on high speed machines. All POY spools are equal weight i.e 16 kgs.

Application : Used on Texturising & Draw Twisting machines with final application in weaving & knitting. [26]

Quality Control on Polypropylene

We have a well equipped lab of international standards to maintain quality of material. The company today is among the best quality manufacturer in India. We produce dope dyed
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polypropylene yarn in which accuracy and uniformity of colour is guaranteed. The yarn manufactured undergoes various tests like denier, tenacity, elongation, % CV, uster, Draw Tension, Shrinkage, Oil pick up, Hose Knitting, Dyeing, etc. Raw Material Tests : Melt Flow Index

The company started its Polypropylene plant way back in 1992. The technology was imported from Neumag, Germany who is the pioneer in Polypropylene plant in the world. We produce dope dyed polypropylene yarn in which accuracy and uniformity of colour is guaranteed. Our products are marketed under brand name SUMILON and have an approximate market share of 20% in India. Company is producing Polyester Semi Dull Intermingled Partially Oriented Yarn: Denier: Ranging from 65 denier to 340 denier. Filaments: 24, 36, 48 & 72. Specifications for Partially

We have following capacity: Product: Polypropylene Partially Oriented Yarn. Polypropylene High Elongation Yarn. Polypropylene Textured / Crimp Yarn. Polypropylene Twisted Yarn. Polypropylene Partially Oriented yarn : 4000 M. Tones per annum. Polypropylene Textured / Crimp yarn : 3900 M Tones per annum Polypropylene Twisted Yarn : 1200 M Tones per annum.

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The most important property of polypropylene is its versatility. It can be tailored to many fabrications, methods & applications. Excellent chemical resistance, lower density, high melting point & moderate cost are some advantages which makes polypropylene more attractive

Specifications for Partially Oriented Yarn : No. 1. 2. 3. 4. Test Parameter Denier Elongation % Tenacity (gpd) Oil Pick Up % Result Avg 2% Avg 5 Min 2.5 0.30%

No. Yarn 1. 2. 3. 4. Polypropylene Partially Oriented Yarn Polypropylene High Elongation Yarn. Polypropylene Textured / Crimp Yarn. Polypropylene Twisted Yarn.

Bobbin Wt

Carton Wt

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Colours : 35+ in ready stock. Colours can be made as per customers requirement. Application : Socks, home furnishing, knitted fabrics, Sports wear, elastic tapes, Laces, Ribbons, Filter Fabric, Luggage Fabric, Car Upholstery, etc. Advantages : Colour Fastness, Softer Feel, Odor Free, Soil & Stain Resistance, Non Allergic & Antibacterial, Quick Drying, Low Specific Gravity, Abrasion Resistant. [ 27]

Quality Control & inspection of Silk Yarn

Control Points 1. Reeling site

Requirements Located in an appropriate environment and does not create any negative effect to the environment. The area shall be spacious with good ventilation. - Maintenance on machines, equipments and tools shall be done regularly. - Machines, equipments and tools shall be cleaned before and after each use.

Inspections

Visual inspection

2. Machines, equipments and tools

Visual inspection of the machines equipments, tools and their working, both before and after use.

3. Cocoon quality inspection

Inspect and culling between good and eliminated cocoons to match with each type of silk yarn to be produced. - Cocoon cooking pot shall be clean.

Visual inspection for good and eliminated cocoons

Visual inspection on equipment

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4. Cocoon cooking

- Water at the beginning of cooking shall be clear, neutral, and clean and shall be refilled when gets darker or dirty. - Cook the cocoons based on their types; fresh or dried cocoons. - All cocoons shall be properly cooked

Visual inspection of the actual work implementation

Visual inspection of the actual work implementation

Visual inspection of the cooked cocoons, i.e. the whole cocoons shall be soaked thoroughly.

Control the water temperature in the cocoon cooking pot at an appropriate level according to Measure the water the types of cocoon and silk temperature. yarn to be produced. - Control the size of silk yarn by keeping the number of 5.1 Hand cocoons and the pulling tension appropriately. reeling apparatus or developed Changing the water regularly hand reeling when it gets darker or becomes apparatus dirty to keep the control of color quality of silk thread. - Control the water temperature in the cocoon cooking pot at an appropriate level according to the types of cocoon and silk yarn to be produced. - Use an appropriate device to control the desired size of silk Yarn 5.2 Small Observe the movement of equipment, number of cocoon reeling in cooking pot, and clean the machine equipment regularly to get rid of sericin. Counting the number of cocoons at the start of the reeling and visually inspect the silk yarn characteristics. Visual inspection of the actual work implementation and the silk yarn color

5. Reeling technique

Measure the water temperature

Inspection of the denieral device.

Visual inspection of the operation of workers

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Change the water regularly when it gets darker or becomes dirty to keep the control of yarn colour. 6. Silk yarn quality inspection - Inspect / test the size of silk yarn and / or the characteristics of the yarn during the production process

Visual inspection of the actual work implementation and the silk yarn colour.

Visual inspection of silk yarn and inspection of data recording. Visual inspection of silk skeins, measure the skein size and weight of the silk skein.

7. Re-reeling of silk yarn for Diamond cross of silk skein, that has a diameter of 135 cm skein making process to 155 cm, and weight of 80 g to 100 g per skein, and with at least 6 plies intervals 8. Silk yarn storage Provide a storage area of silk yarn - The packaging is moisture and insect proof, free of odour and contaminants which will affect on the quality of silk yarn. - The packaging can prevent damage during transportation The following data shall be recorded at each batch of reeling; - Date of cocoon purchasing and reeling Silkworm variety or source Name of buyer 10. Record keeping Percentage of good and an eliminated cocoons Number of cocoons for each size of yarn reeled Type, size and weight of silk yarn produced Results of silk yarn quality test

Visual inspection

9. Packaging

Visual inspection

Inspection of data recording, see example in Annex C.

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Silk yarn and cocoon ratio (percentage) [28]

Figure :Silk yarn size measurement and test

Figure : Visual inspection of silk yarn characteristics

Quality Control of Wool

Process Control
Control of bisulphite bath concentration and pH is crucial to the quality of the yarn, as is (to a lesser extent) detergent concentration in bowl 1. Based on the wool throughput and flow of process liquor to waste, simple calculations of chemical addition to the plant may be made to enable metering pumps to be set up to supply detergent and bisulphite solution (neutralised to pH 7 with sodium carbonate) to the bowls.

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Fine tuning of the bisulphite bowl concentration may then be carried out by a titrimetric method such as iodine titration (using starch solution as an end-point indicator). HSO3 - + I2 + H2O 2I- + HSO4
-+

2H+

Titration with permanganate is often also used as a control procedure, but users should be warned that the reaction between HSO3 - and MnO4 - is a non-stoichiometric reaction, with a mixture of products (SO4 2- and dithionate S2O6 2-) depending on concentrations, pH, temperature etc. Nonetheless, if conditions are strictly controlled the permanganate titration can be used as a control procedure. Very roughly, the stoichiometry under the normal titration conditions is: 2MnO4 - + 6HSO3 - + 2H+ 2Mn2+ + 4SO4 2- + S2O6 2- + 4H2O At the present time (1998), WRONZ is trialling an automatic bisulphite monitor and controller, based on flow injection analysis, for the quality control of the bisulphite bowl. This device has been specifically developed at WRONZ as part of an on-going R&D programme on the enhancement of carpet yarn quality. The flow injection analyser is a multipurpose machine also suitable for controlling other chemical processes.

Quality Control
Most of the quality control in the production of wool fabrics is done by sight, feel, and measurement. Loose threads are removed with tweezer-like instruments called burling irons;
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knots are pushed to the back of the cloth; and other specks and minor flaws are taken care of before fabrics go through any of the finishing procedures. In 1941, the United States Congress passed the Wool Products Labeling Act. The purpose of this act was to protect producers and consumers from the unrevealed presence of substitutes and mixtures in wool products. This law required that all products containing wool (with the exception of upholstery and floor coverings) must carry a label stating the content and percentages of the materials in the fabric. This act also legally defined many terms that would standardized their use within the industry. Some of the key terms identified in the Act are:

Wool. Refers to new wool. Can also include new fiber reclaimed from scraps and broken threads. Repossessed Wool. Material that is obtained from scraps and clips of new woven or felted fabrics made of previously unused wool. Reused Wool. Wool obtained from old clothing and rags that have been used or worn.

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