Production

Studio Audio Production Console CD Player, Recordable CDs and turntables

studio is a primarily requirement of a broadcasting house, where all transmissions are made and programs are recorded in a very orderly manner. is a room-like structure which makes it diverse is the special treatment given to its walls which are covered with a variety of substances to ensure that no sound passes through them.(*Sound-proof)

It

 To

make sure that no sound is produced, special leather covering, or a carpet is put on it and the doors are so tightly closed. are fitted with proper microphones, recording system, lights and booths for producers to control recordings or transmissions.

Studios

 1)

News Studio The simplest of all studios at a radio station. It is small in size, with a table fitted, a microphone along with a chair, a table lamp if lights otherwise are not enough. Radio news are read by one person, contrary to TV news which are some time read by more than two people in a single bulletin. Since no background effects are required at a news studio, no other equipment is placed there.

 2)

Studios for Talk Shows/ Discussions

It has been a practice by different broadcasting houses to invite people from different walks of life, their representatives, city mayors, ministers and others to participate in talks & discussions.

A studio is not very large in size, its interior also look different. There is a rather long table, which could help about half a dozen people to sit around.

 The

arrangement of microphone also in a manner that all of them could easily get their voice recorded without creeping up to the mike and special arrangement are made to beat the extra noise with the help of different soundproofing systems.
is always a different position given to the anchor-person so that he/she could easily address others and indeed, control them if one of them does not come to terms.

There

 3)

Drama Studio

At a radio station studios meant to record dramas usually have a standing arrangement for the performers.
The performers keep standing as they deliver dialogues by holding scripts in their hands, and keep moving away a step or two, to create an impression that they are coming in or going out of the scene.

 Mike

is usually placed in the center of half circle. But table and chair are placed within the studio at some distance for people who have to give background effects, by playing on the table itself or putting their equipment for playing musical notes for sound effects. lights are needed compared to other studios so that performers could easily read their script and receive cues from the director.

More

 4)

Music Studios

These facilities are tailor-made. Size of the studio can vary according to the need.
It is rather difficult for the directors to handle a music studio as it needs a proper cabling.

Eg; Without proper cabling and arrangement, when music instruments and duet to be recorded at the same time, the mike problem may occur and not get its effects recorded properly.

 It

becomes a very delicate job for the director and assistant directors to manage matters in a smooth way. That is why most radio stations employ directors who have a cut for such a job.

Three Stages of Multitrack Recording

Recording

(Tracking) Overdubbing Mixdown

 Signal

path (signal chain) Vertical signal flow through input strip Strips are modular

 Preamp

(boost signals 30 to 60 dB) Mic and line levels Auxiliary Send Section Equalization Insert Point (direct send/return) (direct or insert) Dynamics (compression/limiting/expansion)

 Horizontal signal

flow from input Can be fed to a mono or stereo output bus Used for any purpose
Effects send

Headphone cue
Broadcast feed Alternate mixes

Alternate speaker outputs

 Used

to adjust frequencies (bring out or cut, to compensate for recording discrepancies, or to create a certain timbre) Usually, 3 to 4 continuously variable, overlapping frequency bands Adjustable Bandwidth (Q) Boost or cut control (+/- 18 dB)

 Useful

for inline, external signal processing. Unbalanced, stereo TRS jacks

Mono send to first click: signal to direct out,

without interrupting channel signal flow Mono send all in: signal to direct out, interrupting signal flow Stereo TRS all in: send/return loop

Dynamics
Inline

Dynamics processing is common on higher-end analog consoles, and most digital consoles.

Monitoring
A

listening mix for the control room, separate (indendent) from whats going to the record medium. Inline, separate section, or direct insertion monitoring

 Some

higher-end consoles incorporate a small fader section above the main input strip fader.
XL 9000

SSL

 Typical

of older British consoles. Also used by Mackie and Tascam analogs to some degree. Digital Mixers (via the fader flip) Independent level, pan, effects, and headphone control. Often have direct inputs to the monitor section, and can be used at mixdown to increase the number of effects returns and electronic instrument inputs.

 Most

often used when separate or inline monitoring is not available. Use direct send/receives for sending signal to record device, then output of record device back to mixer for monitoring. Record level set by preamp gain trim.

 Channel

strip fader, determining strips bus output level. Pan Pot Solo and Mute buttons

 Conceptually, a

horizontal signal path. Multiple entrance and exit points, and ways to duplicate signals Aux sends, monitor sends, channel sends, and main outputs are all types of signals that can be inserted to a bus.

 Assignment

of input channel to output

bus. Can be associated with fader (buttons), or through menus. Individual assignments (with pan), or stereo pairs.

 Master

Stereo Master Bus faders (group) Bus faders can be used to change overall levels while maintaining relative levels.

 LED, Peak, VU, Overload

on input Standard: RMS/root-mean-squared. (Not peak and overload) Analog: aim for near zero levels, but slightly above may not be a problem. Digital: anything over zero results in unpleasant distortion.

 Contains

accessible jacks that correspond to the various inputs and outputs of every access point within a mixer or console. Often contain input and output points of studio effects, monitoring devices, and connections between different production rooms.

 TRS

balanced 1/4 RCA TT or mini (telephone-type) Rear connections can be any of above, or hand-wired connections (punch connectors or soldered)

 Open: without

plugs inserted, each I/O connection entering or leaving the bay is independent of other connections. plugs inserted, each I/0 connection entering the panel in the rear is electrically connected to the point below it. When a jack is inserted to the top jack, the I/O rear connection is still intact, allowing you to tap into the signal. Jacks into bottom connection break I/O connection.
I/O as half. Rear I/O broken when a jack is plugged into either top or bottom.

Half-normalled: without

Normalled: same

 Analog

signal converted to digital at mixer inputs, or prior to inputs All internal signal routing done in digital domain. Centralized channel strip/control panel
Fader, pan, mute, solo for each input
One EQ and Dynamics section for whole

console.

CD Player (Compact -Disk Player)

A device that plays audio CDs. The term may refer to any of three categories:

(1) a component in a stereo system that contains the drive and electronics to decode the digital audio, (2) a handheld, portable device that requires only headphones for use, (3) a self-contained unit that includes amplifier and speakers (the "boom box"). CD players read CDDA music tracks, but may also decode MP3 files and other compressed audio formats.

 Recordable

CDs & Turntable

A simple way to convert * vinyl record collections to digital media, the CD recorder turntable has become a popular solution. (*flat
disks made from a petroleum-based plastic)

Combining a turntable, speakers, analog-todigital (ADA) audio converter, and CD recorder all into one unit, the CD recorder turntable is a user-friendly, all-in-one approach to transferring the music on phonograph records to CDs or other digital audio media formats.

Some models also include a USB port for connection to a personal computer, plus a cassette tape player allowing the user to convert recordings on audio cassettes to digital media. Other common features include an AM/FM tuner, headphone jack, and auxiliary input and output jacks for connection to external audio equipment. Converting a vinyl record to a CD using a CD recorder turntable is quite simple. The user places a blank recordable CD (CD-R) or rewritable blank CD (CD-RW) in the CD drive, and then puts a record on the turntable. With most models, recording begins when the turntable is activated

Built-in software helps the CD recorder turntable to detect the individual song tracks on longplaying (LP) recordings. Manual overrides are usually available to help the user set the beginning and ending points of individual songs when automated track definition does not work well due to low sound levels.

Most of these devices also permit creating a digital file of each track that can be then played with a digital audio player or edited using digital audioediting software. Options usually include conversion to MP3, WAV, and other digital audio formats.