SINGAPORE POLYTECHNIC 2008/2009 SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering

2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Bioengineering 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechatronics 2nd Year Full-time Diploma in Mechanical Engineering 3rd Year Evenings-Only MECHANICS II ---------------------------------------------------------------Instructions to Candidates: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

MM2105 / MM8311

Time Allowed: 2 Hours

The examination rules set out at the back page of the answer booklet are to be complied with. This paper consists of 5 questions. Answer any FOUR questions. Marks for questions are shown and candidates should allocate their time in proportion to the marks. A List of Formulae is provided on page 7. Take g = 9.81 m/s. This examination paper consists of 8 pages. ----------

2105sem12008-09

see page 2

-2ANSWER ANY FOUR QUESTIONS Q1.

MM2105 / MM8311

A cantilever beam 10 m long having an I cross section as shown in Fig. Q1a carries an uniformly distributed load of 250 N/m over its whole length. (a) (b) Calculate the second moment of area about its horizontal centroidal axis. (5 marks) Calculate the maximum bending moment exerted on the beam and hence the maximum bending stress and state whether it is tensile, compressive or both. (10 marks)

A second cantilever beam 10 m long is formed by joining TWO I cross sections together as shown in Fig. Q1b. They have the same cross section as given in Fig. Q1a. (c) Show that the second moment of area about its horizontal centroidal axis is 82.983 106 mm4. (5 marks) If the maximum bending stress is limited to 100 MN/m2, what is the maximum uniformly distributed load that it can carry over its whole length? (5 marks)

(d)

Fig Q1a

Fig Q1b

2105sem12008-09

see page 3

-3Q2. (a)

MM2105 / MM8311

A hollow circular shaft, with external diameter D = 400 mm, and internal diameter d mm, is subjected to torsional loading. The maximum allowable shear stress is 50 MN/m2 and polar second moment of area, J = 2.13 10 3 m4. (i) (ii) (iii) Show from the polar second moment of area J, that the internal diameter, d = 250 mm. (3 marks) Calculate the twisting moment (torque) and power transmitted at 200 rev/min. (7 marks) If external diameter D and maximum allowable shear stress remain unchanged; state the effects (i.e. increase or decrease) on twisting moment and power transmitted, when internal diameter d decreases. (2 marks) A 10 kg mass attached to the end of a 1.5 metre long rope is whirled in a vertical plane at 80 rev/min. With relevant free body diagrams, calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) the maximum tension in the rope the minimum tension in the rope the minimum speed in revolution per minute at which the mass must be whirled to keep the mass in circular motion. (4 marks) (4 marks) (5 marks)

(b)

2105sem12008-09

see page 4

-4Q3.

MM2105 / MM8311

A hoist drum raises a cage of mass 950 kg with an initial acceleration of 0.7 m/s2. The drum has a mass of 200 kg and an effective diameter of 0.8 m and a radius of gyration of 0.32 m. There is a frictional torque of 260 Nm at the drum bearings. (a) Sketch the Free Body Diagrams of: (i) the cage (ii) the hoist drum Determine the: (i) tension in the cord (ii) torque required at the drum. (2 marks) (3 marks) (3 marks) (7 marks)

(b)

After the initial acceleration, the velocity of the cage is maintained constant at 6 m/s. (c) Determine the torque required for the cage to be raised at this velocity. (5 marks)

Before reaching the top, the cage moves up with deceleration for another 25 m, (d) (e) Determine the angular deceleration of the hoist drum. (3 marks) Sketch the velocity time graph for the whole upward motion of the cage. (2 marks) Hoist Drum

Fig. Q3

Cage

Motion

2105sem12008-09

see page 5

-5-

MM2105 / MM8311

Q4.

A 4-wheeled vehicle of total mass 1400 kg is accelerated from rest to 60 km/h in a distance of 480 m up an incline of 1 in 8. It has two axles, each of which together with the wheels has a mass of 100 kg and radius of gyration of 300 mm about its axis of rotation. The diameter of each wheel is 660 mm. The tractive resistance is 400 N. With the aid of a sketch , calculate, for the speed of 60 km/h, (a) (b) (c) (d) the moment of inertia of each axle about its axis of rotation. marks) total potential energy of the vehicle total kinetic energy of the vehicle (3 (2 marks)

(3 marks) (6 marks)

the required tractive effort by using the Principle of Conservation of Energy (6 marks)

When the vehicle reaches 60 km/h, the tractive effort is removed. If the tractive resistance remains the same, calculate; (e) the speed (in km/h) of the vehicle when it travels a further 80 m up the inclined plane. (5 marks)

2105sem12008-09 -6-

see page 6 MM2105 / MM8311

Q5.

(5 marks) A crab winch consists of a compound gear train and two pulleys as shown in Fig.Q5. The diameters of the effort and load pulleys are 400mm and 250mm respectively. When using the machine, it was found that 300N would lift a load of 180 kg. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Show that the velocity ratio is 6.4. (3 marks)

Determine the mechanical advantage, efficiency and the friction effort in lifting a load of 180kg. (10 marks) Determine the power required if the load of 180kg is lifted at a velocity of 0.05m/s. (5 marks) When the efficiency is 72%, determine the load that can be raised by an effort of 160N. (5 marks) Name two ways in which the velocity ratio could be increased. (2 marks)

N1 = 35 teeth 1 2 3 4 N2 = 60 teeth N3 = 30 teeth N4 = 70 teeth E Fig. Q5 W

**********

2105sem12008-09 -7LIST OF FORMULAE Kinematics v = u + at s = ut + at2 s = (u + v)t v2 = u2 + 2as

see page 7 MM2105 / MM8311

Second Moment of Area I = bd3 12 Torsion Equation T = G = J L r Simple Lifting Machines E = Ei + Ef ; Ei = W VR VR = D d (Wheel and Axle) I = (d14 d24 ) 64 J = (d14 d24 ) 32 Bending Equation M=E= I R y Centripetal Force C.F = mr2 or mv2 r

VR = 2D ( Differential Wheel and Axle) d1 - d2 VR = DN dn (Worm and Wheel Lifting Hoist)

VR = 2 R (Screw Jack) np N 2 N4 D VR = -------- x --- (Crab Winch) N 1 N3 d Principle of Conservation of Energy PE0 + KE0 + WD = PE1 + KE1

2105sem12008-09 -8-

see page 8 MM2105 / MM8311

Reference Table for Simple Loadings

Simply supported beam with central point load

Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

Cantilever beam with central point load

Cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load (UDL)

W w (N/m ) w (N/m ) L L

F B D

+W/2

+ wL/2

S F D

0
W/2

0
wL/2

0
W

0
WL

B M D

WL/4

+wL2/8

0 0 0 0

0
WL

wL2/2

Note: W denotes a concentrated (point) load and may be defined in Newton or kilo-Newton. w denotes a UDL and may be defined in Newton per metre or kilo-Newton per metre.

****************