Engineering 6002 - Ship Structures

ANSYS Notes
Preliminary Notes: 1) ANSYS is a UNIX or Windows program. In a UNIX environment it usually using the X-Windows GUI (graphical User Interface) 2) ANSYS can be run interactively, but is usually run by providing input is in the form of text files that define terms or run ANSYS features, in a specific sequence. All comments in the text file start with a "!". Some commands start with a "/", many do not. 3) ANSYS can be run in a fully interactive mode, creating the model with the various model generation tools that can be selected from menus. This tends to be more cumbersome than creating a text file, but for simple models may be quickest. Also it is possible to create some of the moel in a CAD package (eg Rhino), and import the essential form into ANSYS for final meshing and analysis. 4) ANSYS can also be run in a batch mode, or by a macro language. Here is what the ANSYS output screen look like:

We see the element mesh, the applied force on the right, and the supports and reactions showing on the left. In this case the model has already been analysed, so output is available.

Below we see the stress and deformation caused by this load. The max bending stress is +-151 (MPa).

The input file used to create this simple model is shown on the following 2 pages.

Finite Element Analysis Exercise

Text from ANSYS Input File !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! INPUT FILE FOR ! CANTILEVER BEAM ANALYSIS ! By: FR/CD ! Oct28/04 ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /prep7 ! define variables (for convenience) L=1000 H=200 t=10 E=207000 ! element types and properties et,1,shell63 ! element type #1 is a shell63 ex,1,E ! material property #1 is E r,1,t ! element property #1 is t

Comments

/prep7 runs the pre-processor, which prepares the model for solution. The model is a simple cantilever beam, as shown below.
L=1000 mm t=10 mm

H=200 mm E=207,000 N/ mm2

F=40,000 N

! setting mat props for next element set type,1 real,1 mat,1 ! keypoints defining model space k,1,0,0,0 k,2,L,0,0 k,3,L,H,0 k,4,0,H,0 !define 4 lines connecting key points !sizing lines for mesh density l,1,2 lesize,1,,,20 l,2,3 lesize,2,,,4 l,4,3 lesize,3,,,20 l,1,4 lesize,4,,,4

The next set of elements is of type #1

4 Key Points are defined for later definition of the elements:

Y 4 (0,200,0)

3 (1000,200,0)

(0,0,0) Coordinates Key Point 2

(1000,0,0) X

4 lines are defined. The long lines are both from right to left, and divided into 20 segments. The short lines are divided into 4 segments (50mm). 3
4

4
!create an area around Key Points a,1,2,3,4
1 Line #

Area #1 2

!area meshing amesh,all ! creates a mesh of plate elements save !save model geometry and properties.

Area is meshed with plate elements:

20 x 4 mesh of plate elements

Text from ANSYS Input File (cont.)

Comments

!now to solution mode /soln

/soln runs the calculation engine, which adds specific boundary conditions and solves the case.

!define static analysis antype,0 !select nodes for boundary conditions ! select new set all nodes at x=0 nsel,s,loc,x,0

Select the nodes along the fixed edge. All nodes with x=0 are the set to be fixed.

select nodes to fix

select node for force

! set all displacements/rotations (dof) for all selected nodes to 0 d,all,all,0 !get back to all nodes nsel,all !select force nodes last node at bottom of beam nsel,s,loc,x,L nsel,r,loc,y,0 ! a vertical force of 10k at each node f,all,fy,-10000 nsel,all save solve fini

A fixed-end conditions restrains all degrees of freedom, i.e. sets all movements to 0.

Re-select al nodes in model.

Select all nodes at x=L Then from that set at y=0. (only 1 node at bottom right).

Apply 10,000 N force in -y direction to all selected nodes.

Save model and loads. Solve the model. End the job.

The next few pages show a more complex model. We start with a simple description of the sequence of steps that you normally go through to model and solve a structural problem.

Figure 1. Finite Element analysis sequence

The following is a text file of the ANSYS commands that are needed to create and solve the model. ============================================
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! A N S Y S ! Input File for ! Plate + 2 Frames, Linear Analysis ! File: PF2_E6002.txt ! for Engr. 6002 - Ship Structures ! By: Claude Daley !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /title,PF2_E6002 /stitle, 2 frame plate - centered load /prep7 ! this starts the preprocessor

!define variables L=1500 hw=230 S=400 tw=15 tp=20 E=207000 n1=3 n2=3 n3=3 ! define element types and properties et,1,shell63 ! element type 1: a four nodded elastic shell element ex,1,E ! Young's modulus is E nuxy,1,.3 ! Poissons ratio is 0.3 r,1,tp ! the only 'real constant' for this element is thickness et,2,shell63 r,2,tw ! element type 2: same ! web thickness

!setting material properties for next element set type,1 real,1 mat,1 !define keypoints in model space k,1,0,0,-tp/2 k,2,0,S,-tp/2 k,3,0,2*S,-tp/2 k,4,0,3*S,-tp/2 k,5,0,S,hw k,6,0,2*S,hw k,7,L,0,-tp/2 k,8,L,S,-tp/2 k,9,L,2*S,-tp/2 k,10,L,3*S,-tp/2 k,11,L,S,hw k,12,L,2*S,hw

!define lines connecting key points !sizing lines for mesh density l,1,2 lesize,1,,,n1 l,2,3 lesize,2,,,n1 l,3,4 lesize,3,,,n1 l,2,5 lesize,4,,,n2 l,3,6 lesize,5,,,n2 l,1,7 lesize,6,,,n3 l,2,8 lesize,7,,,n3 l,3,9 lesize,8,,,n3 l,4,10 lesize,9,,,n3 l,5,11 lesize,10,,,n3 l,6,12 lesize,11,,,n3 l,7,8 lesize,12,,,n1 l,8,9 lesize,13,,,n1 l,9,10 lesize,14,,,n1 l,8,11 lesize,15,,,n2 l,9,12 lesize,16,,,n2 ! ! ! ! ! creates line 1 segments on line 1 creates line 2 segments on line 2 etc.

!create areas around keypoints a,1,2,8,7 ! area 1 - bounded by keypoints 1,2,8,7 a,2,3,9,8 ! area 2, more plate a,3,4,10,9 ! area 3, mote plate a,2,8,11,5 ! area 4, a frame web a,3,9,12,6 ! area 5, 2nd frame web ! plate asel,s,area,,1,3 ! selects areas 1-3 AATT,1,1,1, ! defines these areas as asel,all ! selects all to re-set ! web asel,s,area,,4,5 AATT,2,2,1, asel,all !area meshing amesh,all save !save model geo. and prop.

!now to solution mode /soln !define static analysis antype,0 !select nodes for BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ! select new set all nodes at x=0 nsel,s,loc,x,0 nsel,a,loc,x,L nsel,a,loc,y,0 nsel,a,loc,y,S*3 ! set all displacements/rotations (dof) for all selected nodes to 0 d,all,UZ,0 d,all,ROTX,0 d,all,ROTY,0 !get back to all nodes nsel,all asel,s,area,,1,3 sfa,all,,pres,-2 sftran save solve fini finish ===================================================