Field Guide for Geoscientists and Technicians

A Practical Guide to Working in the Bush

Spectrum Series Number 12 Second Edition

Compiled by: Rob Ryan, Bill Fraser, Murray Chapman and David Stevens

Published by
THE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY Level 3, 15 - 31 Pelham Street, Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia

 The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2007

The Institute is not responsible as a body for the facts and opinions advanced in any of its publications.

ISBN 978 1 920806 62 0

Desktop published by: Kristy Pocock and Jennifer Hall for The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

Compiled on CD ROM by: Visual Image Processing Pty Ltd PO Box 3180 Doncaster East VIC 3109

Foreword
For any sincere young geologist who is about to start a new project there is nothing so challenging as facing a remote unexplored exploration area. The first sight of broad spinifex-covered desert, endless gray-soil plains, or a succession of jungle-covered gorges and ravines can be quite daunting. The experience of those who have done it is invaluable. This field guide was written from the great depth of experience of two senior geologists who have been outstandingly successful in their respective fields. Its guidelines are applicable in all areas of the practice of geoscience. Exploration led by Rob Ryan was extraordinarily successful. He also supervised and guided the large team of dedicated professionals that he assembled to progressively install the necessary infrastructure in a remote isolated area as the stages of drilling and testing revealed that he had discovered major resources of international significance that had to be defined and prepared for mining. Bill Fraser also knows his way round when it comes to surveying, mapping, and using the currently available technologies to obtain and record information in remote to impossible areas! The chapter in this guide entitled Where the Hell are We? is a delight. It reviews some classic navigational methods, use of the simple magnetic compass and even what to do if you have no modern gear at all. However, the use of the GPS is well covered. It is an excellent guide to the basics of mapping, aerial photos, satellite imagery, survey instruments, and putting it all together in a report that really shows where you have been and what you have done. It will be useful either for a novice or as a reference for the experienced professional who would otherwise find it difficult to remember it all! The nuts and bolts of this guide are an invaluable record of procedures for geoscientists. Professionally managed projects are much more successful and the health, or even survival of field crews, may depend on it. Mineral exploration where success rates are sufficient to justify the cost is no longer simple. It is an exacting task to discover new resources that are usually deeply buried or hidden in remote locations. A reliable guide to correct environmental practice, working with other land users, and securing tenure is essential. In exploration there are no second chances! We have to be able to use the most appropriate and effective technique. Good housekeeping, the use of best methods and practices as set out in this guide, is the essence of success. This guide contains no dismal tales of lost opportunities or orebodies not found. There is no such thing as nearly finding an orebody because the geologist doing it or some member of his team failed to maintain proper current tenure for the area, label the sample correctly, survey the drill hole, or assay for all the ore metals that might be present. At the exploration stage lack of attention to detail or one error could put the whole exploration effort and cost at risk. It could mean the difference between success and failure in finding that elusive new ore resource!

This guide is an excellent up-to-date reference and guide to the practice of good geoscience. In setting out the essentials it differs little from the first textbook on mining and prospecting practice that was ever written: For a miner must have the greatest skill in his work, that he may know first of all what mountain or hill, what valley or plain, can be prospected most profitably, or what he should leave alone; moreover, he must understand the veins, stringers and seams in the rocks. Georgius Agricola, De Re Metallica, 1556 John Elliston AM, BSc(Chem), BSc Hons(Geol), FAusIMM(CP), MMICA

Preface
There is nothing we receive with so much reluctance as advice. Joseph Addison, The Spectator, October 12, 1712 With the ink barely dry on the degree the new graduate arrives to take up his or her new job: and acquires a four-wheel-drive, possibly a fieldie, and a set of instructions. We are going to mapsheet such-and-such and sample it for a baseline geochem study. Theres an anomaly on EL1245 (Kangaroo Hill) get out there and put in a grid for the geophysicists. The drillers are arriving at our Johnnys Dam Prospect on Monday. Meet them there and get the drilling started. What to do? Some are luckier than others. Their background and/or their university has equipped them to some degree for the job in hand. The fieldie in question may be very experienced and, like a good Sergeant-Major, nurse the newcomer along. Some are less lucky and find themselves floundering. This guide has been put together in the hope that it will be of some help in those situations and will provide a guide for the neophyte. It is by no means comprehensive, and many people will find that their employers already have training courses and manuals in place for their new arrivals. The ideas and suggestions herein may conflict with the systems and practices of some organisations, in which case those should prevail unless the employee has reason to believe that there are better ways to do things outlined in this guide or that have been observed elsewhere, and can persuade his or her superiors. There are usually better ways of doing things that someone, somewhere else, has thought of and improvements will be happily incorporated into future editions. This is a reference guide, and, it is to be hoped, a dynamic one. This second edition has been modified, as practices have changed and new ideas have arrived on the earth science scene. Traps for the unwary or changes in the law are always happening and will be incorporated. Users are strongly encouraged to let The AusIMM know where changes are needed so that they can be incorporated into future editions. What the guide does not purport to be is a technical earth science manual. It is assumed that those who are about to go to work in the field have either tertiary qualifications in one of the earth sciences or engineering, or have been working as technical assistants for some time. A bibliography is given in Chapter 12, and throughout the text there are links to references which will

allow users to pursue any subject in greater depth. Readers are encouraged to use those references. In particular, it is hoped that this guide will be used in conjunction with the Field Geologists Manual, where there is a vast array of information that the field operators will need at some time in their careers. The focus is on field procedures. Subjects such as geological mapping, resource estimation, or mine geology, have not been included as they are more than adequately covered by a host of existing publications. Readers who attempt the guide at one sitting may find it repetitious, and that is a consequence of the use to which it is hoped the guide will be put. It is designed to be a reference guide; so it is assumed that the user will only be referring to one chapter or another at any one time, and will want to find in that chapter whatever should be found. There has been comment also from many people that the guide lacks a chapter on environmental issues, health and safety, and related matters. That also is not an accident. They are dealt with throughout the guide. It was felt that it would be more appropriate that they should be covered as and where they fitted in. It is easy to forget, as the flies cluster on the face or the wheels sink further into the mud, that we are scientists: that geological mapping and mineral exploration are scientific studies, no matter how mundane or downright exasperating the job may be from time to time. It is the task of the professional mapper and explorer to ensure that scientific rigour is applied and that a professional approach to the work is maintained at all times. Graduates and senior technicians are professionals, trained and experienced in various aspects of their work. How they carry out their duties must depend in the end on their judgement and their professional training. But if there is something in this guide that helps, then the effort will have been worthwhile. It has been designed to travel in the field bag, the glove box, or the laptop, and hopefully to survive the rigours of field work.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The guide has its origins in a manual that was written for Geopeko Limited by its technical staff in the 1970s. With bases in many parts of Australia and geologists constantly coming and going it was designed to introduce a measure of conformity into the companys field operations and to guide the rapidly increasing number of new arrivals. It has been through several reincarnations. Many other organisations have similar manuals. For this version the personal experience of the contributors has been augmented by reference to manuals compiled by government departments, by industry organisations, and by companies. There has also been input from a variety of additional sources: some by way of complete documents for inclusion in the appendices; some by way of drawing our attention to other sources; and some by way of contribution and comment. To all who have contributed we are indebted. Particular thanks must go to John Elliston for agreeing to write the Foreword and for valuable comments on the content. Don Berkman and Dr Norm Fisher

gave strong encouragement and valuable editorial assistance. A range of people from the universities, geological surveys and companies offered encouragement and advice which has been much appreciated. David Stevens made his vast experience in drilling available for Chapter 9, as did Murray Chapman his laboratory expertise for Chapter 8, Don Berkman for Chapter 6 and the Hetherington Group for Chapter 3. The chapter on geophysics owes much to Bob Richardson, Andrew Mutton and Bevan Dockery. Those contributors and other organisations have kindly made photographs and other graphics available for which the editors are extremely grateful. The support of the Far North Queensland Branch of The AusIMM ensured that the project could be completed.

Authors and Contributors

Don Berkman Murray Chapman Bevan Dockery John Elliston Bill Fraser Andrew Mutton Bob Richardson Rob Ryan David Stevens Hetherington Exploration and Mining Titles

Reviewers
Don Berkman David Garnett Jock Gilfillan Russell Hetherington Graham McGoggan Peter Onley Hugh Rutter Alastair Sharp-Paul

Sponsor

Acknowledgements
The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy would like to thank the Far North Queensland Branch of The AusIMM for their work and assistance with this project.

Building Australias next major mining house

Company Profile
Oxiana Limited is an Australian based, international mining and exploration company with interests in Asia and Australia. Oxiana owns and operates the Sepon gold and copper mines in Laos, the Golden Grove base and precious metals operation in Western Australia and is moving towards development of the Prominent Hill copper gold mine in South Australia. Oxiana is also actively exploring in Laos, Thailand, China, Cambodia, Indonesia and Australia, with a strategy to expand our resource base in Asia, Australia and the Pacific. Oxiana employs more than 3,800 employees and contractors in operations and offices in Laos and Australia. Oxiana has grown significantly in recent years to a market capitalisation of more than $4 billion today. Oxiana has succeeded, and will continue to succeed, through developing only high quality assets and operating these to the highest standards. Wherever we work, Oxiana wishes to share benefits with stakeholders and to create a positive legacy of which we and the mining industry can be proud.

Southern China LAOS Thailand

Sepon

Cambodia

Indonesia

Queensland Golden Grove Operation Project Exploration Headquarters South Australia Prominent Hill

Oxianas operations and exploration projects

Video Presentation

Oxiana Limited Level 9, 31 Queen St Melbourne VIC 3000

Ph: Fax:

+61 3 8623 2200 +61 3 8623 2222

Email: admin@oxiana.com.au Web: www.oxiana.com.au

ASX Code: OXR

Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. The Public and You Going Bush Whose Lease is That? Where the Hell are We? Wizards of Wave and Wire The Elements and You Its in the Bag Idiots Guide to the Laboratory The Hole Story Putting it Down on Paper Where Did That Come From? Where to Find More

1 8 24 40 97 103 116 129 139 174 184 190

APPENDICES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Checklist Drilling Contracts Sample Grid Layout Holding Times and Conditions for Liquids Acronym Alley Sample Handling Stream Master Log Header Page Sampling Media and Some Common Parameters to be Recorded Sample Budget Layout Signals from a Ground Monitor to a Helicopter Pilot Phonetic Alphabet Gys Safety Rule Guidelines for Management of Dieback Disease in Mineral Exploration Personal Universal Checklist Item Check Field Equipment Universal Checklist Optional Items for Fixed and Mobile Camps Vehicle Universal Checklist Optional Items Arid Land Survival Kit Contents Suitable for Vehicle or Aircraft Mobile Camp and Kitchen Universal Checklist Most Items Optional Drillers Report Sheet Department of Primary Industries Field Safety Manual Guide to Geotechnical Core Logging and Mapping

195 196 197 199 200 201 202 203 205 207 208 209 215 216 219 220 221 222 223 477

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Public and You
Access to Land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And dont... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exploration on Mining Tenements and Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field Work and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other Languages and Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 1 3 3 4 5 6

Chapter 2 Going Bush

8 Conduct of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Operational procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Work plans and budgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Technical procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Health, Safety and Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Foot traverses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Four-wheel drive vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Remote area reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Fixed camps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Old mine workings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Chapter 3 Whose Lease is That?

Introduction to Mining Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Background Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crown land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining title. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Act and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application for Titles and Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rights and obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other conditions and actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquiring an Interest in an Existing Exploration Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structure of an agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24 24 25 25 26 26 27 29 31 31 32 35 36

Chapter 4 Where the Hell are We?

Mapping and Celestial Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The sextant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding celestial navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Astronomical Almanac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer almanac software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time and the meridian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPS Receivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How the system works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPS Navigation Systems for Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Australian Fiducial Network (AFN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Use of PDAs and Pocket PCs for Field Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map datum and ellipsoid models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New GDA94, MGA94 and WGS84 map datum for Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map coordinates and UTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical datum and the Australian height datum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Topographical maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital elevation models (DEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other standard maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special interest maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Non-standard plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Chart of the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aerial Photographs, Scanner and Satellite Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aerial photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photogrammetry and ortho-rectification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Landsat thematic satellite imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spot satellite imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ikonos high resolute satellite imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radar sensing imagery by satellite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Side-looking radar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing and Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:250 000 scale raster maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:250 000 scale digital maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cadastral map data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:250 000 scale raster maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1:250 000 scale digital maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Use of Google Earth Pro for Visualising Your Project Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of Instruments for Direction Finding, Position Finding and Surveying . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40 40 40 41 41 42 44 44 44 45 48 49 50 51 56 58 58 59 60 60 61 62 64 64 65 65 65 66 66 68 69 70 71 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 76 77 77

Point recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Theodolite surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triangulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimation of cartesian coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compass bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chain, tape, or TOPOFIL distance measurements for compass mapping. . . . . . . Simple radio direction and position finding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic distance measuring (EDM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stadia and plane table mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicular navigation systems (VNS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining elevation with a survey aneroid barometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating elevation with a thermometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Useful hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting and Drafting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper sizes and standards for plans and sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sections and projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Map layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Titling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Final drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geographic Information Systems (GIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metadata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 83 84 85 85 86 87 87 89 89 90 91 92 92 92 93 93 94 94 94 95 95 95 96 97

Chapter 5 Wizards of Wave and Wire

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Magnetometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Gravitometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Seismometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Electrical and electromagnetic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Radiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Preparing for a Geophysical Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Aerial Geophysical Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Downhole Geophysical Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Chapter 6 The Elements and You

103 Using Geochemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Getting it right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Orientation survey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampling procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample site data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampler training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample preparations and analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality control methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection of target areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Confirmation of target areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Surface Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stream sediment sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake sediment sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soil sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biogeochemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instrumental Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radiometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emanometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Field portable X-ray fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geobotany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geochemical Sampling of Drill Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

103 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 108 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 112 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 118 118 119 119 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 124 125 125 125 126 127

Chapter 7 Its in the Bag

The Sampling Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampling Objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soil or sediment sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soil gas sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Splitting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Proportional shovelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cone and quartering (cornish quartering) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tube sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riffle splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sectorial splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core splitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality Assurance (QA) or Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 8 Idiots Guide to the Laboratory

Contact with Your Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality Assurance and Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auditing your laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traceability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certification and NATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Solid Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample decomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liquid Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact with your laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gas Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Robotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Samples from Overseas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

129 129 130 130 130 130 131 132 132 132 132 132 133 135 135 136 136 136 136 137 137 137 139 139 140 141 141 144 145 146 148 148 149 150 150 151 152 152 152 153 154 155 155 156

Chapter 9 The Hole Story

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drilling Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable tool drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auger drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rotary air blast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reverse circulation rotary drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air core drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top hole hammer drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Down the hole hammer drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reverse circulation hammer drilling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Face sampling DTH hammers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General and Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Downhole Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sampling Problems During Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drill Hole Deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drill Hole Surveying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drill Hole Deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Planning a Drilling Campaign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Campaign objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ground conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hole size reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drill flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hole deviation and deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drilling medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Season of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hole orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borehole surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Site support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Crew rosters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selecting a contractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drilling Contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rig standby rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lost or damaged equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Consumable items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hired equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slow penetration rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excessive bit wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contract assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Daily Report Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hole planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hole numbering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Predrilling checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borehole surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geophysical surveys downhole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geotechnical logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geochemical surveys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cuttings records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Site clean-up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

157 157 158 158 158 158 158 158 159 159 159 159 160 160 160 160 161 162 165 165 165 166 166 166 166 166 168 168 168 169 169 170 171 171 171 172 172 172 173 173 174

Chapter 10 Putting it Down on Paper

You and Your Notebook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Who Reads the Report? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Types of Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Structure of a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illustration and tabulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Use of photographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Planning a Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fact and Fiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking the Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Useful Hints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

175 176 178 179 179 179 180 182 184 184 184 185 185 185 185 186 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 190 190 190 190 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 191 192 192 192 192 193 193

Chapter 11 Where Did That Come From?

The Case of the Unloved Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assay and geochemical records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lithologic, petrographic and mineragraphic records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sample and Core Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drilling Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auger drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percussion and rotary drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Core and cuttings logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Soil Gas Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water Sample Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tenure Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter 12 Where to Find More

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State and territory resources departments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Web sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New South Wales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Queensland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tasmania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Western Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Public and You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Going Bush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where the Hell are We? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wizards of Wave and Wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Elements and You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Its in the Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idiots Guide to the Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Hole Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Putting it Down on Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Appendices
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. Checklist Drilling Contracts Sample Grid Layout Holding Times and Conditions for Liquids Acronym Alley Sample Handling Stream Master Log Header Page Sampling Media and Some Common Parameters to be Recorded Sample Budget Layout Signals from a Ground Monitor to a Helicopter Pilot Phonetic Alphabet Gys Safety Rule Guidelines for Management of Dieback Disease in Mineral Exploration Personal Universal Checklist Item Check Field Equipment Universal Checklist Optional Items for Fixed and Mobile Camps Vehicle Universal Checklist Optional Items Arid Land Survival Kit Contents Suitable for Vehicle or Aircraft Mobile Camp and Kitchen Universal Checklist Most Items Optional Drillers Report Sheet Department of Primary Industries Field Safety Manual Guide to Geotechnical Core Logging and Mapping

195 196 197 199 200 201 202 203 205 207 208 209 215 216 219 220 221 222 223 477

MONOGRAPH SERIES
1 2. Detrital Heavy Minerals in Natural Accumulates Research in Chemical and Extraction Metallurgy George Baker Ed: J T Woodcock, A E Jenkins and G M Willis Ed: M Kadmanovich and J T Woodcock Ed: G J Williams Ed: C L Knight Ed: D M Traves and D King Ed: R B Leslie H J Evans and C L Knight Ed: C L Knight 1962 1967

3. 4. 5. 6 7.

Broken Hill Mines - 1968 Economic Geology of New Zealand Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea - 1 Metals Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea - 2 Coal Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea - 3 Petroleum

1968 1974 1975 1975 1976

8. 9.

Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea - 4 Industrial Minerals and Rocks Field Geologists Manual 1st Edition 2nd Edition 3rd Edition 4th Edition Mining and Metallurgical Practices in Australasia (the Sir Maurice Mawby Memorial Volume) Victorias Brown Coal - A Huge Fortune in Chancery (the Sir Willis Connolly Memorial Volume) Australasian Coal Mining Practice 1st Edition 2nd Edition Mineral Deposits of New Zealand Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea The Rocks Speak Hidden Gold - The Central Norseman Story Geological Aspects of the Discovery of Some Important Mineral Deposits in Australia Down Under - Mineral Heritage in Australasia Australasian Mining and Metallurgy (the Sir Maurice Mawby Memorial Volume) Cost Estimation Handbook for the Australian Mining Industry History of Coal Mining in Australia (the Con Martin Memorial Volume)

1976

Ed: D A Berkman and W Ryall Ed: D A Berkman Ed: D A Berkman Ed: J T Woodcock Ed: J T Woodcock

1976 1982 1989 2001 1980 1984

10 11. 12.

Ed: C H Martin Ed: C H Martin and A J Hargraves Ed: Dr D Kear Ed: F E Hughes H King J D Campbell K R Glasson and J H Rattigan Sir Arvi Parbo Ed: J T Woodcock and K Hamilton Ed: M Noakes and T Lanz Ed: A J Hargraves, R J Kininmonth, C H Martin and S M C Saywell Ed: D Berkman and D Mackenzie Ed: A C Edwards

1986 1993 1989 1990 1989 1990 1990 1992 1993 1993 1993

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

22. 23.

Geology of Australian and Papua New Guinean Mineral Deposits Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve Estimation The AusIMM Guide to Good Practice

1998 2001

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office - Tel (03) 9662 3166 Key: Out of print

24. 25.

Australian Mineral Economics Geology and Exploration of New Zealand Mineral Deposits

Ed: P Maxwell and P Guj Ed: A B Christie and R L Brathwaite

2006 2006

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office - Tel (03) 9662 3166 Key: Out of print

PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUSTRALASIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING AND METALLURGY

CONFERENCE, SYMPOSIUM AND MISCELLANEOUS
1972 1973 1/72 2/72 1/73 2/73 3/73 4/73 5/73 1974 1/74 2/74 3/74 4/74 1975 1/75 2/75 3/75 4/75 1976 1/76 2/76 3/76 4/76 5/76 1977 1 /77 2/77 3/77 4/77 1978 1 /78 2/78 3/78 4/78 1979 1/79 2/79 3/79 1980 1/80 2/80 3/80 4/80 S23 S/24 S25 S21 S22 S 19 S20 S 16 S 18 S 17 S 14 S 15 S13 S9 S 10 S 11 S5 S6 S7 S2 S3 S4 S8 SI * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Project Evaluation and Management, Melbourne Annual Conference, Newcastle Subsidence, Illawarra Mine Filling, North West Queensland Transportation, Sydney Mine Fires, Southern Queensland Annual Conference, Western Australia Support in Pillar Extraction, Illawarra Recent Technical and Social Advances in the North Australian Minerals Industry, North West Queensland Pellets and Granules, Newcastle and District Annual Conference, Southern and Central Queensland People and the Mining Industry - The Future, Broken Hill Occupational Safety in Mines, Southern Queensland Australian Black Coal, lllawarra Annual Conference, South Australia Landscaping and Land Use Planning as Related to Mining Operations, Adelaide Design and Construction of Tunnels and Shafts, Melbourne - 2 nd Australian Tunnelling Conference Thick Seam Mining by Underground Methods, Central Queensland Sampling Practices in the Mineral Industries, Melbourne Annual Conference, lllawara Apcom 77, Brisbane Coal Borehole Evaluation, Southern Queensland Underground Operators Conference, Broken Hill Annual Conference, Hobart Mill Operators Conference, North West Queensland Rock Breaking Equipment and Techniques, Melbourne International Resource Management, Canberra Annual Conference, Townsville Utilisation of Steelplant Slags, lllawarra Estimation and Statement of Mineral Reserves, Sydney Annual Conference, Perth Annual Conference, New Zealand Australia/Japan Extractive Metallurgy Symposium, Sydney Occurrence, Prediction and Control of Outbursts in Coal Mines, Southern Queensland Management in the Mining Industry, Melbourne

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

1981

I/81 2/81 3/81 4/81 5/81

S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32 S33 S34 S35 S37 S40 S36 S38 S39 S41 S42 S43

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

International Blast Furnace Hearth and Raceway Symposium, Newcastle Fourth Australian Tunnelling Conference Ignitions, Explosions and Fires, Wollongong Annual Conference, Sydney Strip Mining 45 Metres and Beyond, Central Queensland Off Highway Truck Haulage Conference, Newman Mill Operators Conference, North West Queensland Underground Operators Conference, West Coast Tasmania Annual Conference, Melbourne Carbon-ln-Pulp Technology for the Extraction of Gold, Perth and Kalgoorlie, (Reprinted 1988) Seam Gas Drainage with Particular Reference to the Working Seam, Wollongong Computers in Mining, Southern Queensland Annual Conference, Broken Hill Project Development Symposium, Sydney Ventilation of Coal Mines, Wollongong Principles of Mineral Flotation (The Wark Symposium), Adelaide Metallurgy Symposium, Melbourne Coal and Mineral Sizing, Wollongong Annual Conference, Darwin Gold Mining, Metallurgy and Geology, Kalgoorlie Smelting and Refining Operators Symposium, North Queensland Underground Operators Conference, Kalgoorlie Annual Conference, Brisbane Scientific and Technological Developments in Extractive Metallurgy (G K Williams Memorial Volume), Melbourne l3th Congress The Council of Mining and Metallurgical Institutions, Singapore, 6 Volumes Selective, Open Pit Gold Mining Seminar, Perth Ground Movement and Control Related to Coal Mining, Wollongong Australia: A World Source of Illmenite, Rutile, Monazite and Zircon Conference, Perth Second Project Development Symposium, Sydney Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Newman Education and Research for the Mineral Industry for the Future, Melbourne The AuslMM 10 Year lndex Vl Australian Tunnelling Conference: Bore or Blast, Melbourne Risk and Survival Seminar, Canberra Annual Conference, Newcastle: Coal Power 87 Research and Development in Extractive Metallurgy, Adelaide Leslie Bradford Golden Jubilee Oration Mining and Environment: A Professional Approach, Brisbane Pacrim 87, Gold Coast, Queensland Dense Medium Operators Conference, Brisbane

1982

1/82 2/82 3/82 4/82 5/82 6/82

1983

1/83 2/83 3/83 4/83 5/83

1984

1/84 2/84 3/84 4/84

1985

1/85 2/85 3/85 4/85

1986

1/86 2/86 3/86 4/86 5/86 6/86 7/86 8/86 S44 S45 S46 S47 S48 S49

* * * * * * * *

1987

1/87 2/87 3/87 4/87 5/87 6/87 7/87 8/87 S53 S52 S51 S50

* * * * * * *

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

9/87 10/87 11/87 1988 1/88 2/88 3/88 4/88 5/88 6/88 7/88 8/88 9/88 10/88 1989 1/89 2/89 3/89 4/89 5/89 6/89 7/89 89 1990 1 /90 2/90 3/90 4/90 5/90 6/90 7/90 1991 1/91 2/91 3/91 4/91 5/91 6/91 7/91

S54 S55 S56 S57 S58

* * * * * * * * *

Equipment in the Minerals Industry: Exploration Mining and Processing Conference, Kalgoorlie Resources and Reserves, Sydney South Australias Mining Heritage 21st Century Higher Production Coal Mining Systems Symposium, Wollongong The Second International Conference on Prospecting in Arid Terrain, Perth Third Mill Operators Conference, Cobar Underground Operators Conference, Mount Isa Fourth International Mine Ventilation Congress, Brisbane, (Proceedings and Addendum volume) Annual Conference, Sydney: Minerals and Exploration at the Crossroads: The International Outreach Second AuslMM Mineral Heritage Seminar, Sydney Economics and Practice of Heap Leaching in Gold Mining Workshop, Cairns Third International Mine Water Congress, Melbourne Explosives in Mining Workshop, Melbourne Mineralogy and Petrology, Sydney, February Second Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Latrobe Valley Vic NQ Gold 89 Conference, Townsville Qld Annual Conference, Perth-Kalgoorlie: Education, Training and Professional Development; Industrial Minerals; Project Development/Processing Mineral Fuel Alternatives and the Greenhouse Effect, July 1989 Non-ferrous Smelting Symposium: 100 Years of Smelting and Refining Operations in Port Pirie, SA September 1989

S59 S60 S61

* * * * * * * * *

* *

Dewatering Technology and Practice Conference, Brisbane October 1989 MINVAL 89, Mining and Petroleum Valuation 1989, Sydney September 1989 Ore Reserve Estimates - The Impact on Miners and Financiers, Melbourne, March 1990 Annual Conference, The Mineral Industry in New Zealand, Rotorua New Zealand, March 1990 Pacific Rim Congress, Gold Coast Qld, May 1990

* * * * * * * * *

Mining Industry Capital and Operating Cost Estimation Conference, Sydney, June 1990 Third International Symposium on Rock Fragmentation by Blasting, Brisbane, August 1990 Sir Edgeworth David Memorial Oration, May 1990 Mine Geologists Conference, Mount Isa, October 1990 Fourth Mill Operators Conference, Burnie Tas, March 1991 World Gold 91, Cairns Qld, April 1991 Mining Industry Optimisation Conference, Sydney, June l991 PNG Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference, Rabaul, June 1991 Qld Coal Symposium, Brisbane, August 1991 Reliability Production and Control in Coal Mines, Wollongong, September 1991 Fifth AuslMM Extractive Metallurgy Conference, Perth, October 1991

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

1992

1/92 2/92 3/92 4/92 5/92 6/92 7/92 8/92 9/92 10/92 11/92

Enviromine Australia, Sydney NSW, March 1992 The AuslMM Annual Conference, The State-of-the-Art - A Product of 100 Years of Learning, Broken Hill NSW, May 1992 Energy, Economics and Environment Gippsland Basin Symposium, Melbourne, June 1992 Arnold Black Mineral Heritage Oration The Man from ASARCO: a life and times of Julius Kruttschnitt 5th Underground Operators Conference, Ballarat, July 1992

* * * * *

11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining, Wollongong, July 1992 Third Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Mackay, August 1992 Extractive Metallurgy of Gold and Base Metals Conference, Kalgoorlie, October 1992 Sampling Practices in the Minerals Industry, Mount Isa, November 1992 Rehabilitate Victoria, Latrobe Valley, November 1992 Mining People - A Century The AuslMM Centenary Conference, Adelaide, March 1993 XVIII International Mineral Processing Congress, Sydney, May 1993

1993

1/93 2/93 3/93 4/93 5/93 6/93 7/93 * * * *

Narrow Vein Mining Seminar, Bendigo, June 1993 International Mining Geology Conference, Kalgoorlie, July 1993 Vlll Australian Tunnelling Conference, Sydney, August 1993 World Zinc 93 - International Symposium, Hobart, October 1993 1994 AuslMM Student Conference, Brisbane, April 1994 PNG Geology, Exploration and Mining Conference, Lae, PNG, June 1994 No Two The Same by Bert Mason Sixth Extractive Metallurgy Conference, Brisbane July 1994

1994

1/94 2/94 3/94 4/94 5/94 6/94 7/94 8/94 9/94 10/94 11/94 * * * * *

1994 AuslMM Annual Conference, Darwin, August 1994 4th Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Perth, September 1994 Recent Trends in Heap Leaching, Bendigo, September 1994 Maintenance in the Mining and Metallurgical Industries,Wollongong, October 1994 Fifth Mill Operators Conference, Roxby Downs, October 1994 Mineral Valuation Methodologies 1994, Sydney, October 1994 Victorian Mining Week Conference, Melbourne, October 1994 1995 AuslMM Annual Conference, Newcastle, March 1995 Sir Maurice Mawby Memorial Oration Worlds Best Practice in Mining and Processing Conference, Sydney, May 1995 APCOM XXV 1995 Conference, Brisbane, July 1995 Mineral Valuation Methodologies 1994, Sydney, October 1994 (revised)

1995

1/95 2/95 3/95 4/95 5/95 6/95 7/95 8/95 9/95 10/95 * * * *

EXPLO 95 Conference, Brisbane, September 1995 Underground Operators Conference, Kalgoorlie, November 1995 Young Professionals Conference, Mt Isa, October 1995 PACRIM 95 Congress, Auckland, New Zealand, November 1995 Ethics, Liability and the Technical Expert, Sydney, December 1995

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

1996

1/96 1a/96 2/96 3/96 4/96 5/96 6/96

* * * * *

1996 AusIMM Annual Conference, Perth, March 1996 1996 AusIMM Annual Conference Supplementary Volume, Perth, March 1996 Ethics, Liability and the Technical Expert, Sydney, March 1996 Entrepreneurs and Partners, Sydney, July 1996 Contract Operators Conference, Kalgoorlie, October 1996 Asia/Pacific Mining Communications Summit, Singapore, November 1996 Withdrawn

* *

Nickel 96, Kalgoorlie, November 1996 1997 AusIMM Annual Conference, Ballarat, March 1997 World Gold 97 Conference, Singapore, September 1997 Sixth Mill Operators Conference, Madang, PNG, October 1997 Gem 97, Madang, PNG, October 1997

1997

1/97 2/97 3/97 4/97 5/97 6/97 7/97 8/97 *

Contract Operators Conference, Brisbane, Qld, October 1997 Third International Mining Geology Conference, Launceston, Tas, November 1997 Mindev 97 - The International Conference on Mine Project Development, Sydney, November 1997 1997 AusIMM Travelling Technology Forum, Singleton, NSW, March 1997

1998

1/98 2/98 3/98 4/98 5/98 6/98

* * *

MINEFILL 98 - The Sixth International Symposium on Mining with Backfill, Brisbane, Qld, April 1998 AusIMM98 - The Mining Cycle, Mount Isa, Qld, April 1998 Seventh Underground Operators Conference, Townsville, Qld, June/July 1998 Mine to Mill Conference, Brisbane, Qld, October 1998 Third Regional APCOM - Computer Applications in the Minerals Industries International Symposium, Kalgoorlie, WA, December 1998 COAL98 - First Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Wollongong, NSW, February 1998 10th Australian Tunnelling Conference, Melbourne, Vic, March 1999 10th Australian Tunnelling Conference Keynote Addresses and AsiaPacific Forum, Melbourne, Vic, March 1999 Students and Young Professionals Conference, Perth, WA, July 1999 (N/A) ICARISM 99 Conference, Perth, WA, September 1999 PACRIM 99 Congress, Bali, October 1999 EXPLO 99 Conference, Kalgoorlie, WA, November 1999 Southern Africa - Australia Mineral Sector Synergies Symposium, Canberra, ACT, March 2000 After 2000 - The Future of Mining, Sydney, NSW, April 2000 4th International Mining Geology Conference, Coolum, Qld, May 2000 Young Leaders 2000, Sydney, NSW, July 2000 MINPREX 2000, Melbourne, Vic, September 2000 Seventh Mill Operators Conference, Kalgoorlie, WA, October 2000 MassMin 2000, Brisbane, Qld, October - November 2000 Strategic Mine Planning 2001, Perth, WA, March 2001 AusIMM Youth Congress 2001, Brisbane, Qld, May 2001 International Heavy Minerals Conference, Fremantle, WA, June 2001 EXPLO 2001, Hunter Valley, NSW, October 2001

1999

1/99 1a/99 2/99 3/99 4/99 5/99

2000

1/2000 2/2000 3/2000 4/2000 5/2000 6/2000 7/2000

2001

1/2001 2/2001 3/2001 4/2001

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

5/2001 6/2001 2002 1/2002 2/2002 3/2002 4/2002 5/2002 6/2002 7/2002 8/2002 9/2002 2003 1/2003 2/2003 3/2003 4/2003 5/2003 6/2003 7/2003 8/2003 9/2003 2004 1/2004 2/2004 3/2004 4/2004 5/2004 6/2004 7/2004 8/2004 2005 1/2005 2/2005 3/2005 4/2005 5/2005 6/2005 7/2005 8/2005 9/2005

Mineral Asset Valuation Issues 2001, Sydney, NSW, October 2001 Coal2001, Coal Mining Operators Geotechnology Colloquium, Wollongong, NSW, February 2001 Young Leaders 2002, Kalgoorlie, WA, March 2002 Metallurgical Plant Design and Operating Strategies, Sydney, NSW, April 2002 CMMI Congress, Cairns, Qld, May 2002 Green Processing Conference, Cairns, Qld, May 2002 Eighth Underground Operators Conference, Townsville, Qld, July 2002 AusIMM 2002 Conference, 150 Years of Mining, Auckland, New Zealand, September 2002 Iron Ore Conference, Perth, WA, September 2002 Value Tracking Symposium, Brisbane, Qld, October 2002 Coal2002, Third Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Wollongong NSW, February 2002 Twelfth International Symposium on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection, Kalgoorlie, WA, April 2003 Young Leaders 2003, Brisbane, Qld, April 2003 Sixth International Conference Acid Rock Drainage, Cairns, Qld, July 2003 Eighth Mill Operators Conference, Townsville, Qld, July 2003 Mining Risk Management Conference, Sydney, NSW, September 2003 Water in Mining 2003, Brisbane, Qld, October 2003 Fifth Large Open Pit Conference, Kalgoorlie, WA, November 2003 Fifth International Mining Geology Conference, Bendigo, Vic, November 2003 Coal2003, Fourth Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Wollongong NSW, February 2003 New Leaders 2004, Ballarat, Vic, April 2004 Second International Green Processing Conference, Fremantle, WA, May 2004 EXPLO 2004, Perth, WA, July 2004 Metallurgical Plant Design and Operating Strategies, Perth, WA, September 2004 PACRIM 2004 Congress, Adelaide, SA, September 2004 Bac-Min Conference, Bendigo, Vic, November 2004 Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning, Perth, WA, November 2004 Coal2004, Fifth Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Wollongong, NSW, February 2004 Ninth Underground Operators Conference, Perth, WA, March 2005 Coal2005, Sixth Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Brisbane, Qld, April 2005 New Leaders 2005, Brisbane, Qld, April 2005 Second World Conference on Sampling and Blending, Sunshine Coast, Qld, May 2005 Centenary of Flotation Symposium, Brisbane, Qld, June 2005 Eighth International Mine Ventilation Congress, Brisbane, Qld, July 2005 Hoist and Haul Conference, Perth, WA, September 2005 Iron Ore Conference, Fremantle, WA, September 2005 First Extractive Metallurgy Operators Conference, Brisbane, Qld, November 2005

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

2006

1/2006 2/2006 3/2006 4/2006 5/2006 6/2006 7/2006 8/2006 9/2006 10/2006

Disposal of Mining Waste Symposium, Sydney, NSW, March 2006 New Leaders 2006, Kalgoorlie, WA, April 2006 Third International Green Processing Conference, Newcastle, NSW, June 2006 Coal2006, Seventh Underground Coal Operators Conference, Wollongong, NSW, July 2006 Australias Uranium, Adelaide, SA, July 2006 Sixth International Mining Geology Conference, Darwin, NT, August 2006 AusIMM New Zealand Branch 2006 Conference, Waihi, New Zealand, August 2006 Metallurgical Plant Design and Operating Strategies, Perth, WA, September 2006 International Mine Management Conference, Melbourne, Vic, October 2006 Water in Mining 2006, Brisbane, Qld, November 2006 Ninth Mill Operators Conference, Fremantle, WA, March 2007

2007

1/2007

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662
* = Out of print The S numbers in the third column refer to an older identifying number for Symposia, the numbers preceeding the S number signify the new publication ordering number.

SPECTRUM SERIES
1. 2. 3. Making the Mount Isa Mine, 1923 - 1933 History of Drilling The Cobar Mineral Field - A 1996 Perspective Don Berkman Graham McGogggan Warren Cook Andrew Ford Julian McDermott Peter Standish Craig Stegman and Therese Stegman 1996 1996 1996

4.
5.

Towards 2000 - Resource to Reserve Inputs Seminar - Melbourne, Vic Towards 2000 - National Conference on Ironmaking Resources and Reserves Estimation, Perth, WA Towards 2000 - The Resource Database Towards 2000 - Wollongong, NSW Towards 2000 - Ore Reserves and Finance - Sydney, NSW Towards 2000 - Assessment of Reserves in Low Rank Coals - Morwell, Vic Towards 2000 - Ore Reserve Reconciliation Workshop - Darwin, NT Towards 2000 - Gold and Nickel Ore Reserve Estimation Practice Seminar Towards 2000 - Resource/Reserves Estimation Practice in the Central West New South Wales Mining Industry, Cobar, NSW Field Guide for Geoscientists and Technicians 1st Edition 2nd Edition

1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1998 1999

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

2004 2007 Roderick J Sinclair Roussos Dimitrakopoulos 2005 2005

13. 14.

The Extractive Metallurgy of Zinc Orebody Modelling and Strategic Mine Planning Uncertainty and Risk Management Models

Copies of all books currently in print can be obtained from The Institute office Tel (03) 9662 3166 or Fax (03) 9662 3662