CE 452 Introduction to Environmental Engineering Second Semester 2013 Problem Set 4 Due: Sun, Mar 17

=============================================================== 1. A settling chamber is used to remove particles from the influent water. Settling chamber height is 2 m and residence time is 1hr a. What minimum particle-settling velocity is required, if all particles are to be removed?
vc = H = 2.0m 1hr 100cm * * = 5.6 * 10 2 cm / s 1.0hr 3600 s m

b. What is the minimum size particle that the chamber would remove? The density of the particle is 2.65g/cm3, and the viscosity of the water is 0.01185 g/cm.s?

To get a minimum particle size

v s vc

Use Stock Law to find v s , and then find d

vs =

2 g *dp * ( p w )

18

980cm / s * d 2 * (2.65 g / cm 3 1.00 g / cm 3 ) 18 * 0.01185 g / cm.s

v s vc
980cm / s * d 2 * (2.65 g / cm 3 2.65 g / cm 3 ) 5.6 * 10 2 cm / s 18 * 0.01185 g / cm.s

d 2 7.39 * 10 6 m 10 6 m d 2.7 * 10 cm * * 100cm m d 27 m

3

Thus the minimum particle removed within 100% efficiency has a diameter of 27 m

2. A settling chamber is used to remove sand and grit from the influent water to a wastewater-treatment plant. Conditions are: Chamber height= 3m Chamber length=7m Particle density=2.65g/cm3 Chamber width=2m Water flow rate=0.5m3/min

a. What minimum particle-settling velocity is required, if all particles are to be removed? H= 3m Q=0.5m3/min W= 2m d=2.65g/cm3 L= 7m

You need to find critical settling velocity, which is

vc =

can be found from tank volume and flow rate V 3m * 2m * 7 m 60 s = = = 84 min* = 5040 s 3 Q min 0.5m / min H Q = vc = A 300cm vc = = 0.06cm / s 5040 s
b. What is the minimum size particle that the chamber would remove? To get a minimum particle size v s vc Use Stock Law to find v s , then find d

vs =

2 g *dp * ( p w )

18

980cm / s * d 2 * (2.65 g / cm 3 1.00 g / cm 3 ) 18 * 0.01185 g / cm.s

v s vc 980cm / s * d 2 * (2.65 g / cm 3 2.65 g / cm 3 ) 0.06cm / s 18 * 0.01185 g / cm.s d 2.3 * 10 3 cm * d 23m

Thus the minimum particle removed within 100% efficiency has a diameter of 23m

m 10 6 m * 100cm m

3. A sedimentation system is being designed to remove particles from water stream. It has been determined that all particles larger than 0.07 mm in diameter must be removed (assume they are sphere). If the average density is 1600 kg/m3, a. Determine, an appropriate surface overflow rate for such a system? The viscosity of water is 0.001 Ns/m2, water density= 1000 kg/m3? 1 N=1kg.m/s2

vs =

2 gd p ( p f )

18

9.8m / s 2 x(0.07 x10 3 m) 2 x(1600 1000kg / m 3 ) = 1.6 x10 3 m / s = Overflowrate = OR 3 2 18 x10 N .s / m

b. What is the highest flow rate a circular clarifier with a diameter of 33 meters could be designed for in order to remove 100% of the above particles?
Q uH = = vs As L m3 4 s c. What would be the highest flow rate a rectangular sedimentation basin with the dimensions: Length =50 m, Width= 10 m, Depth = 5m, could be designed for in order to remove 100% of the above particles? Q uH = = vs As L Q = v s xAs = 1.6 x10 3 m / s * = 1 .4

* 33m 2

Q = v s xAs = 1.6 x10 3 m / s * 10m * 50m = 0.8

m3 s