NX Nastran 4.1 Release Guide

NX Nastran 4.
1
Release Guide
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C O N T E N T S
NX Nastran Release Guide

1
Introduction NX Nastran 4.1 Overview, 2
2
Dynamics SPC/SPCD Enforced Motion, 6
Introduction, 6
Enforced Motion Example, 7
Residual Vector Update, 10
Mathematical Details for Relative Displacement Formulation, 11
Updated DISPLACEMENT Bulk Data Entry, 13
Updated VELOCITY Bulk Data Entry, 15
Updated ACCELERATION Bulk Data Entry, 17
Random Response Analysis, 20
Introduction, 20
Theory for Cross-power Spectral Density and Cross-correlation
Functions, 21
New RCROSS Case Control Card, 23
New RCROSS Bulk Data Entry, 24
3
Temperature
Dependent
Composites
Improvements to Temperature Dependent Composites for SOL
106, 28
Introduction, 28
Classical Lamination Theory, 28
Classical Lamination Theory Applied to Temperature Dependent
Composites for SOL 106, 32
Validation of Improved Composite Procedure, 33
Validation: Case 1, 35
Technical Notes, 40
NX Nastran Release
Guide
4
Advanced
Nonlinear
Improvements to the Contact Algorithm, 44
Updated NXSTRAT Card, 45
5
Miscellaneous
Enhancements
Surface-to-Surface Gluing, 58
Introduction, 58
Defining Glue Regions (BSURF, BCPROP and BSURFS Bulk
Entries), 58
Defining Glue Pairs (New BGSET Case Control and Bulk
Entry), 59
New BGSET Case Control Card, 60
New BGSET Bulk Data Entry, 60
Improvements to AUTOMPC, 62
Updated Version of the AUTOMPC Parameter, 63
Automatic Resubmitting of NX Nastran Jobs, 64
Improvements to AUTOSPC, 65
A
Upward
Compatibility
DMAP Module Additions/Changes from NX Nastran 4.0 to 4.1, 68
Data Block Additions/Changes from NX Nastran 4.0 to 4.1, 75
B
System
Descriptions
Supported System Configurations for NX Nastran 4.1, 94
MSC.Nastran 2001 Release Guide
CHAPTER
1
Introduction
NX Nastran 4.1 Overview
2

1.1 NX Nastran 4.1 Overview
This section presents a short overview of the features introduced in NX Nastran
4.1.
Chapter 1, Introduction. Gives an overview of new features in NX Nastran 4.1.
Chapter 2, Dynamics. Features related to dynamic analysis have been
implemented in this release. These features are summarized below:
SPC/SPCD Enforced Motion. The current SPC/SPCD enforced motion
capability has been enhanced to replace the current absolute
displacement formulation with a relative displacement formulation.
This enhancement will eliminate the need for automatic residual vector
generation (which was done in the 4.0 release). In addition to the relative
motion calculation, new output control options have been added to the
DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, and ACCELERATION case control
entries to designate whether you want absolute (default) or relative
output.
Random Response Analysis. The new RCROSS case control and bulk
data commands are now available for requesting Cross-Power Spectral
Density output.
Chapter 3, Composites. This chapter summarizes the enhancements for
composites in SOL 106:
Improvements to temperature dependent composites in a SOL 106
solution. Beginning in NX Nastran 4.0, an improvement was made to use
grid temperatures along with the material properties of each ply in a
composite during a SOL 106 solution. Now in NX Nastran 4.1, this has
been enhanced. Unsymmetric laminates are now supported and
membrane/bending effects are taken into account.
Chapter 4, Advanced Nonlinear. This chapter describes new enhancements as
related to solutions 601 and 701:
Improvements to the contact algorithm. The contact algorithm used in
SOL 601 and 701 has been updated with a new contact segment option.
Specifically, the order of the segments created will match the order of the
elements thus improving the output of contact results.
Chapter 5, Miscellaneous Enhancements. This chapter summarizes other useful
enhancements that do not fit into the previously mentioned categories and covers
the following topics:
3 CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Surface-to-Surface Gluing. A new option to glue element faces together
during a solution is available in this release of NX Nastran.
Improvements to AUTOMPC. Performance improvements have been made
to the AUTOMPC capability introduced in NX Nastran 3. The best
performance improvements are seen with models containing large numbers
of MPC equations. Also, a new option is available to force a degree-of-
freedom (dof), which is included in an MPC equation, to be part of the m-set.
You can now force a dof to be included, or not be included in the m-set.
New AUTOSPC method is available. The new AUTOSPC method Singular
Value Decomposition (SVD) is now available. The eigenvalue method is the
default, but SVD can be selected by including the new system cell SVDSPC=1.
The SVD method is numerically more reliable and should be turned on in
cases when you find unexpected singularities remaining after the AUTOSPC
operation.
Automatic Resubmitting of NX Nastran Jobs. A new option is available to
automatically resubmit jobs which fail to run because of a failed license
request. The program will retry the job every minute up to the value of the
new AUTHQUEUE keyword.
Appendix A, Upward Compatibility. This section contains the DMAP and Datablock
changes from NX Nastran 4.0 to NX Nastran 4.1.
Appendix B, System Descriptions. This section contains a list of the system
configurations which NX Nastran supports for this release.
4

CHAPTER
2
Dynamics
SPC/SPCD Enforced Motion
Random Response Analysis
6

2.1 SPC/SPCD Enforced Motion
Introduction
The SPC/SPCD method of enforced motion allows the direct specification of
displacements, velocities, or accelerations via SPC/SPC1/SPCD data, thus
eliminating the need to employ large mass or Lagrange Multipliers. Though it is
a more straightforward method as compared to the large mass method of
enforced motion, the current SPC/SPCD method using the absolute
displacement formulation has shown to give poor results under certain
circumstances, particularly when damping is included.
To correct these problems, a new relative displacement formulation has been
introduced in this release to replace the current absolute displacement
formulation. As the name implies, it is now based on a relative motion approach
versus the absolute motion approach.
With the new relative approach, the issues associated with the SPC/SPCD
method have been resolved, thus the SPC/SPCD method may now be
considered as the enforced motion method of choice.
Modifications to existing input files are not required for the new formulation to
run, thus any input files used for enforced motion analysis in previous versions
will run in version 4.1.
In addition to the formulation change, the new describers ABS/REL have been
added to the DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, and ACCELERATION case control
entries. These describers allow you to request the total response output (ABS), or
the response output relative to the enforced motion (REL). Having these options
on each output entry allows you the flexibility to request, for example, relative
displacement output with absolute acceleration output in the same run. The new
describers are also supported on a subcase level to allow for different output
requests in different subcases. The updated DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, and
ACCELERATION case control entries are included at the end of this section.
7 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Enforced Motion Example
The following example demonstrates the improvements of the new relative method
over the previous absolute method.
Enforced acceleration input.
The geometry is a cantilever which is modeled with shell elements. One end of the
cantilever is made rigid with an RBE2 element. The independent grid (Grid 100) of the
RBE2 is restrained by an SPC in all six DOF. In addition, the z DOF (direction normal
to the plane of the shells) is an SPCD DOF which identifies it as the location of input
motion.
A random PSD analysis was performed with a constant base acceleration input
spectrum of 100.0 across the frequency range from 1 to 1000 Hz. Results have been
computed three different ways: using the old absolute displacement formulation, the
new relative displacement formulation, and the large mass method.
Figure 2-1 shows the resulting PSD acceleration at the mid point, grid 32. The
acceleration response is very similar for all three methods.
Figure 2-2 shows the stress response at a location near the base motion input. The
results for the new relative displacement formulation and the large mass method are
very similar and accurate. However, the absolute formulation result is only accurate
above 10 Hz. Below 10 Hz the predicted response deviates noticeably from the correct
response.
S
U
s
U
s
( ) 100 =
8

The new relative formulation is always more accurate than the old absolute
formulation, and it will match the response of the large mass method. The old
absolute formulation method gives good accuracy for most responses, but it is
not as accurate for responses involving relative displacement quantities (such as
stress, strain, or force), particularly when significant damping exists in the
model.
Figure 2-1: Acceleration Response
9 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Figure 2-2: Stress Response
The file used in this example plate_111.dat can be found in the install location
NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl.
10

Residual Vector Update
In NX Nastran version 4.0, there was a change to make residual vector
generation happen automatically when there was enforced motion present. This
was done to improve enforced motion results.
With the new relative displacement formulation in release 4.1, the enforced
motion results are of good quality without the addition of residual vector
generation. Residual vector generation is no longer automatic in this release, and
you are required to use PARAM,RESVEC,YES and PARAM, RESVINER,YES if
you want residual vector creation to occur. Below are the updated parameters
showing their new defaults:
RESVEC Default=NO (Default updated to NO for SOL 111 & 112 when
enforced motion is present.)
By default, residual vectors are not computed. If you want
residual vectors due to:
applied loads (LOAD or LOADSET Case Control
commands) then specify PARAM,RESVEC,YES.
inertial loads (unit acceleration of mass) then
specify PARAM,RESVINER,YES.
unit loads, then specify USETi,U6 entries at the
desired dofs and PARAM,RESVEC,YES.
If the model is unrestrained, you will need to supply
SUPORTi entries.
Related parameters are:
PARAM
name
Default
Value
Description
RESVEC NO Augment static shapes due to
applied loads.
RESVINER NO Augment static shapes due to
inertial loads (unit acceleration of
mass).
RESVSO YES Reorthogonalize static shapes with
mode shapes. If the stiffness is
well-conditioned, this is not
required.
11 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Mathematical Details for Relative Displacement
Formulation
The SPC/SPCD enforced motion formulation previously used an absolute
displacement formulation per the equation:
where:
M,C,K = mass, damping, and stiffness matrices
= absolute displacements of the f-set dof
= loads applied to the f-set dof
= applied enforced motion
The damping loading term is not included.
The absolute displacement formulation equation has been replaced in NX Nastran 4.1
by the more accurate enforced motion equations:
where = relative displacement of the f-set dof.
Using the two equations above requires that the residual vector be computed from the
term:
RESVSE NO Print strain energy of the static
shapes.
RESVSLI YES Remove linearly dependent shapes.
RESVINER Default=NO (Default = NO for SOL 111 & 112 when enforced
motion is present.)
See related parameter RESVEC.
PARAM
name
Default
Value
Description
M
ff
u
f
C
ff
u
f
K
ff
u
f
+ + P
f
M
fs
u
s
C
fs
u
s
K
fs
u
s
+ + ( ) =
u
f
P
f
u
s
C
fs
u
s
M
ff
y
f
C
ff
y
f
K
ff
y
f
+ + P
f
M
ff
K
ff
-1
K
fs
M
fs
+ ( )u
s
C
ff
K
ff
-1
K
fs
C
fs
+ ( )u
s
=
u
f
y
f
K
ff
-1
K
fs
u
s
=
y
f
M
ff
K
ff
-1
K
fs
M
fs
+
12

If there is discrete damping present, an additional residual vector will be
computed from the term:
The damping loading term will also be included,
although this term will not have a large impact since the damping is usually
specified in terms of modal diagonal damping.
C
ff
K
ff
-1
K
fs
C
fs
+
C
ff
K
ff
-1
K
fs
C
fs
+ ( )u
s
13 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Updated DISPLACEMENT Bulk Data Entry
Requests the form and type of displacement or pressure vector output. Note: PRESSURE and
VECTOR are equivalent commands.
Format:
Examples:
DISPLACEMENT=5
DISPLACEMENT(REAL)=ALL
DISPLACEMENT(SORT2, PUNCH, REAL)=ALL
DISPLACEMENT Displacement Output Request
Describers Meaning
SORT1 Output will be presented as a tabular listing of grid points for
each load, frequency, eigenvalue, or time, depending on the
solution sequence.
SORT2 Output will be presented as a tabular listing of load, frequency
or time for each grid point.
PRINT The printer will be the output medium.
PUNCH The punch file will be the output medium.
PLOT Generates, but does not print, displacement data.
REAL or IMAG Requests rectangular format (real and imaginary) of complex
output. Use of either REAL or IMAG yields the same output.
PHASE Requests polar format (magnitude and phase) of complex
output. Phase output is in degrees.
ABS For enforced motion dynamic analysis, displacement results
will be output as absolute displacement.
DISPLACEMENT
SORT1
SORT2
PRINT, PUNCH
PLOT
REAL or IMAG
PHASE
ABS
REL
, , ,
\ .
|
| |
PSDF
ATOC
RALL
ALL
n
NONE
)

`

=
14

Remarks:
1. Both PRINT and PUNCH may be requested.
2. The type of analysis determines which SORT is the default:
SORT1 is the default in static analysis, frequency response, steady
state heat transfer analysis, real and complex eigenvalue analysis,
flutter analysis, and buckling analysis.
SORT2 is the default in transient response analysis (structural and
heat transfer). SORT2 is not available for real eigenvalue (including
buckling), complex eigenvalue, or flutter analysis. If SORT1 is selected
in a transient solution for one or more of the commands ACCE, DISP,
ENTH, FORC, HDOT, MPCF, OLOA, SPCF, STRA, STRE, and VELO,
then the remaining commands will also be output in SORT1 format. If
SORT2 is selected in a frequency response solution for one or more of
the commands ACCE, DISP, FORC, MPCF, OLOA, SPCF, STRA,
STRE, and VELO then the remaining commands will also be output in
SORT2 format.
XY plot requests will force SORT2 format overriding SORT1 format
requests.
REL For enforced motion dynamic analysis, displacement results
will be output relative to the enforced motion input.
PSDF Requests the power spectral density function be calculated for
random analysis post-processing. The request must be made
above the subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the
Case Control. See Remark 8.
ATOC Requests the autocorrelation function be calculated for random
analysis post-processing. The request must be made above the
subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case
Control. See Remark 8.
RALL Requests that power spectral density function and the
autocorrelation function be calculated for random analysis
post-processing. The request must be made above the subcase
level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control. See
Remark 8.
ALL Displacements for all points will be output.
NONE Displacement for no points will be output.
n Set identification of a previously appearing SET command.
Only displacements of points with identification numbers that
appear on this SET command will be output. (Integer>0)
Describers Meaning
15 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
3. VECTOR and PRESSURE are alternate forms and are entirely equivalent to
DISPLACEMENT.
4. DISPLACEMENT=NONE overrides an overall output request.
5. The PLOT option is used when curve plots are desired in the magnitude/phase
representation and no printer output request is present for magnitude/phase
representation.
6. The units of translation are the same as the units of length of the model. Rotations
are in units of radians.
7. Displacement results are output in the global coordinate system (see field CD on the
GRID Bulk Data entry).
8. The PSDF, ATOC, and RALL options are for future support of random analysis
post-processing. They provide no output to the .f06.
Remarks related to SOLs 601 and 701:
1. Output is restricted to REAL format. IMAG, PHASE, PSDF, ATOC and RALL are
ignored.
2. Displacements, velocities and accelerations must be output for the same set of grid
points if requested. Output requested for set n in this command will be combined
with the sets requested in the VELOCITY and ACCELERATION commands, and
displacements will be output at the grid points of the combined set.
Updated VELOCITY Bulk Data Entry
Requests the form and type of velocity vector output.
Format:
Examples:
VELOCITY Velocity Output Request
VELOCITY
SORT1
SORT2
PRINT, PUNCH
PLOT
REAL or IMAG
PHASE
,
ABS
REL
,
PSDF
ATOC
RALL
, ,
\ .
|
|
|
| |
ALL
n
NONE
)

`

=
16

VELOCITY=5
VELOCITY(SORT2,PHASE,PUNCH)=ALL
Describers Meaning
solution sequence.
SORT2 Output will be presented as a tabular listing of frequency or
time for each grid point.
PLOT Generates, but does not print, velocities.
ABS For enforced motion dynamic analysis, velocity results will be
output as absolute velocity.
REL For enforced motion dynamic analysis, velocity results will be
output relative to the enforced motion input.
PSDF Requests the power spectral density function be calculated
and stored in the database for random analysis
level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control.
ATOC Requests the autocorrelation function be calculated and stored
in the database for random analysis post-processing. The
request must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM
must be selected in the Case Control.
RALL Requests that both the power spectral density function and
the autocorrelation function be calculated and stored in the
database for random analysis post-processing. The request
must be made above the subcase level and RANDOM must be
selected in the Case Control.
ALL Velocity for all solution points will be output.
NONE Velocity for no solution points will be output.
Only velocities of points with identification numbers that
17 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Remarks:
2. Velocity output is only available for transient and frequency response problems.
3. See Remark 2 under DISPLACEMENT on page 13 for a discussion of SORT1 and
SORT2.
4. VELOCITY=NONE overrides an overall output request.
representation and no printer request is present for the magnitude/phase
representation.
6. Velocity results are output in the global coordinate system (see field CD on the
1. Output is restricted to REAL format. IMAG, PHASE, PSDF, ATOC and RALL are
ignored.
2. Displacements, velocities and accelerations must be output for the same set of grid
points if requested. Output requested for set n in this command will be combined
with the sets requested in the DISPLACEMENT and ACCELERATION commands,
and velocities will be output at the grid points of the combined set.
Updated ACCELERATION Bulk Data Entry
Requests form and type of acceleration vector output.
Format:
Examples:
ACCELERATION Acceleration Output Request
ACCELERATION
SORT1
SORT2
PRINT, PUNCH
PLOT
REAL or IMAG
PHASE
ABS
REL
PSDF
ATOC
RALL
, , , ,
\ .
|
|
|
| |

ALL
n
NONE
)

`

=
18

ACCELERATION=5
ACCELERATION(SORT2, PHASE)=ALL
ACCELERATION(SORT1, PRINT, PUNCH, PHASE)=17
Describers Meaning
solution sequence.
SORT2 Output will be presented as a tabular listing of frequency or
time for each grid point.
PLOT Computes, but does not print or punch, acceleration output.
ABS For enforced motion dynamic analysis, acceleration results will
be output as absolute acceleration.
REL For enforced motion dynamic analysis, acceleration results will
be output relative to the enforced motion input.
PSDF Requests the power spectral density function be calculated for
random analysis post-processing. The request must be made
above the subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the
Case Control.
ATOC Requests the autocorrelation function be calculated for random
analysis post-processing. The request must be made above the
subcase level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case
Control.
RALL Request both the power spectral density function and
autocorrelation function be calculated for random analysis
level and RANDOM must be selected in the Case Control.
ALL Accelerations at all points will be output.
NONE Accelerations at no points will be output.
Only accelerations of points with identification numbers that
19 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Remarks:
2. Acceleration output is only available for transient and frequency response
problems.
3. See Remark 2 under DISPLACEMENT on page 13 for a discussion of SORT1 and
SORT2.
4. ACCELERATION=NONE allows overriding an overall output request.
representation and no printer request is present for magnitude/phase
representation.
6. Acceleration results are output in the global coordinate system (see field CD on the
Output is restricted to REAL format. IMAG, PHASE, PSDF, ATOC and
RALL are ignored.
20

2.2 Random Response Analysis
Introduction
In many applications, the loading on a structure is not known in a definite (or
deterministic) sense, and instead is quantified in a statistical sense with properties
such as the mean load and standard deviation of load. Such loadings are known
as random or stochastic loads. Examples of random loads include: rough road
surface loads on automobiles, ocean wave loads on offshore platforms, wind
loads on buildings, vibration loads from rocket engines, and earthquake ground
motions.
It should be expected that the response of the structure due to random loads will
also be random in nature and analysis methods that determine the statistical
properties of response are appropriate. The most commonly used approach for
random analysis uses Power Spectral Density (PSD) functions to define loading
and the calculated response. A PSD function describes how the variance of a time
series of the product of two variables is distributed with frequency. If the two
variables are the same, the PSD function is known as an auto spectrum, if the
variables are different, the PSD function is called a cross spectrum.
NX Nastran has the capability for performing random analysis. The procedure is
a two-step process in which first a frequency response analysis is performed to
calculate transfer functions which are the ratio of output to a unit input. In the
second step, the PSD loading function is used to scale the transfer functions to
compute the random PSD response. The input PSD functions represent the
statistics of the applied loads. If there are several applied loads and they are
uncorrelated from each other, only the auto spectra of the loads need be applied.
If on the other hand the loads are not independent of each other, the cross
spectrum of the loads need also be input to define the correlation of the loadings.
Note that although the process is described as two steps, it can be performed with
NX Nastran as only one solution submittal.
Random response output consists of the response PSD, autocorrelation functions,
number of zero crossings with positive slope per unit time, and RMS (root-mean-
square) values of response. Up until the release of NX Nastran version 4.0, only
auto spectrum PSD functions of response could be output for random results.
Users were required to use DMAP methods if they were interested in obtaining
cross spectrum results. Now with NX Nastran 4.1, it is possible to request cross
spectrum output using standard PSD solutions. A new Case Control command,
RCROSS and Bulk Data entry, RCROSS have been created for this purpose.
Formats of these entries are in included at the end of this section.
21 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
The following examples have been provided in the install location
NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl to demonstrate capabilities and to show the
correct syntax for using the new RCROSS commands: rcross01.dat, rcross02.dat,
rcross03.dat, rcross04.dat.
Theory for Cross-power Spectral Density and Cross-
correlation Functions
Assuming that a random process is ergodic, the cross correlation function between a
pair of time records u
a
(t) and u
b
(t) is defined as
where u
a
(t) and u
b
(t) can be displacement, velocity, acceleration or single-point
constraint force responses at the same or different grid points; or stress, strain, and
force components in the same or different elements. The assumption of ergodicty
means that as the length of the record is increased the average approaches the
corresponding ensemble averages. The operation of integration over a time record of
length and dividing that quantity by represents an averaging process over time.
If we denote the Fourier transform of a time history as
we can define the cross-power spectral density (cross-PSD) as
where is angular frequency in rad/sec and the symbol (*) denotes complex
conjugate. Simply stated, the cross-PSD is the product of the Fourier transform of two
records.
It can be shown using equations (1) and (2) that the cross correlation function and
cross spectrum are related as Fourier transform pairs given as
It is noted that the cross correlation function is always real valued and the cross
spectrum function is in general complex valued. In addition, it can be shown to
possess the following properties:
R
ab
( )
lim
T
1
T
--- u
a
t ( )u
b
t ( )dt (1)
0
T
=
T T
U
a
,T ( ) u
a
t ( )e
iwt
dt (2)
0
T
=
S
ab
( )
lim
T
2
T
--- U
a
,T ( ) U
b
*
,T ( ) (3) =
S
ab
( ) 2 R
ab
( )e
i t
d
-
(4) =
R
ab
( )
1
4
------ S
ab
( )e
i t
d (5)
-
=
R
ab
( ) R
ba
( ) (6) =
22

It should also be noted that we have been referring to the general case where u
a
(t)
and u
b
(t) are different responses. In many situations, only a single response,
rather than the joint response is of interest. In that case, auto-correlation functions,
, and auto-spectrum functions, , are computed. The auto-spectrum
by definition is completely real.
Returning to the more general case, we can rewrite in terms of its real and
imaginary parts as
From the properties in equation (5) it can be determined that is an even
function of and is an odd function of .
Substituting equation (8) into the equation (7) and recalling that
, it can be shown that
A particular case of interest is the value of the cross-correlation function for
. As evidenced by equation (1) it represents the mean cross product. Using
equation (9) it can be computed as
where denotes mean average.
The mean cross product is an important statistical quantity. For cross-correlation
functions, is it known as the covariance. For auto-correlation functions the mean
cross-product is known as the variance and its square root is the standard
deviation. By using the standard assumption that loadings and response are
Gaussian (normally distributed), knowing the covariance allows you to define the
probability distribution and thus determine likelihood of occurrence of response
levels. For example, if the standard deviation of response u
a
(t) is determined to be
, the likelihood that at any time the response is less than is 99.9%.
S
ab
( ) S
ba
( ) S
ab
*
( ) (7) = =
R
aa
( ) S
aa
( )
S
ab
( )
S
ab
( ) S
ab
r
( ) i S
ab
i
( ) (8) + =
S
ab
r
( )
S
ab
i
( )
e
i t
t ( ) cos i t ( ) sin + =
R
ab
( )
1
2
------ S
ab
r
( ) ( ) cos S
ab
i
( ) ( ) sin | |d (9)
0
=
0 =
R
ab
0 ( )
1
2
------ S
ab
r
( )d = u
a
t ( )u
b
t ( ) 10 ( )
0
=
( )
a
3
a
23 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
If a system is subject to multiple sources of excitation, the cross-PSD of responses u
a
(t)
and u
b
(t) is related to the cross-PSDs of the excitation sources and the frequency
response functions by the equation
where is the cross-PSD of loadings P
j
(t) and P
k
(t). is the frequency
response function of u
a
(t) corresponding to the excitation source P
j
(t) and similarly
is the complex conjugate of the frequency response function of u
b
(t)
corresponding to the excitation source P
k
(t). If the two excitation sources are not
correlated, we have .
New RCROSS Case Control Card
Requests computation and output of cross-power spectral density functions in random
analysis.
Format:
Examples:
RCROSS(PHASE) = 10
RCROSS(PSDF,NOPRINT,PUNCH) = 20
RCROSS = 30
RCROSS Cross-Power Spectral Density Functions Output Request
Describers Meaning
REAL or IMAG Requests rectangular format (real and imaginary) of
complex output (for cross-power spectral density function).
Use of either REAL or IMAG yields the same output.
(Default)
output (for cross-power spectral density function). Phase
output is in degrees.
PRINT Writes output to print file. (Default)
S
ab
( ) H
aj
( )H
bk
*
( )S
jk
( ) (11)
k
=
S
jk
( ) H
aj
( )
H
bk
*
( )
S
jk
( ) 0 =
RCROSS
REAL or IMAG
PHASE
-----------------------------------------
PRINT
NOPRINT
---------------------------- PUNCH | | PSDF | | , , ,
\ .
| |
n =
24

Remarks:
1. The case control RCROSS entry must be used in conjuction with the case
control RANDOM entry. See remarks under the RANDOM case control
entry.
2. Response quantities, such as DISPLACEMENT, STRESS, and FORCE, must be
requested by corresponding case control entries in order to compute cross-
power spectral density between the two response quantities specified by the
RCROSS bulk data entry. It is recommended that the DISPLACEMENT,
STRESS, and FORCE requests be put above the subcase level to ensure that
these response quantities exist when the random analysis post-processing
occurs.
3. The response quantities must belong to the same superelement. The cross-
power spectral density functions between two responses that belong to
different superelements are not supported.
New RCROSS Bulk Data Entry
Defines a pair of response quantities for computing the cross-power spectral density
functions in random analysis.
Format:
Example:
NOPRINT Does not write output to the print file.
PUNCH Writes output to punch file.
PSDF Requests the cross-power spectral density function be
calculated and output for random analysis post-processing.
(Default)
n Identification number of RCROSS bulk data entry to be used
in random analysis. (Integer >0)
RCROSS
Cross-Power Spectral Density Functions Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RCROSS SID RTYPE1 ID1 COMP1 RTYPE2 ID2 COMP2 CURID
RCROSS 20 DISP 50 2 STRESS 150 8 4
Describers Meaning
25 CHAPTER 2
Dynamics
Remarks:
1. This entry is required for computing the cross-power spectral density function. SID
must be selected with the case control command (RCROSS=SID). Fields RTYPE1,
ID1, and COMP1 represent the first response quantity; fields RTYPE2, ID2, and
COMP2 represent the second response quantity.
2. The keywords for field RTYPEi are listed as follows:
If either RTYPE1 or RTYPE2 is blank, then the blank field takes the default from the defined
field.
Field Contents
SID Case control RCROSS identification number for cross-power spectral
density function. (Integer>0)
RTYPEi Type of response quantity. At least one field must be selected. See
remark 2. (Character or blank)
IDi Element, grid, or scalar point identification number. (Integer > 0)
COMPi Component code (item) identification number. See remark 3. (Integer
> 0)
CURID Curve identification number. See remark 4. (Integer > 0 or blank)
Keyword Meaning
DISP Displacement Vector
VELO Velocity Vector
ACCEL Acceleration Vector
OLOAD Applied Load Vector
SPCF Single-point Constraint Force
Vector
MPCF Multi-point Constraint Force
Vector
STRESS Element Stress
STRAIN Element Strain
FORCE Element Force
26

3. For elements, the item code COMPi represents a component of the element
stress, strain or force and is described in Tables Element Stress-Strain Item
Codes and Element Force Item Codes. For an item having both a real and
imaginary part, the code of the real part must be selected.
For grid points, the item code is one of 1,2,3,4,5, and 6, which represent the
mnemonics T1, T2, T3, R1, R2, and R3, respectively. For scalar points, always
use 1.
4. Field CURID is optional. It is for your convenience to identify the output by
using a single index.
CHAPTER
3
Temperature Dependent Composites
Improvements to Temperature Dependent Composites for SOL 106
28

3.1 Improvements to Temperature Dependent
Composites for SOL 106
Introduction
Prior to NX Nastran 4.0, Solution 106 computed the smeared laminate properties
of a composite material only once at the start of the analysis, using the reference
temperature on the PCOMP card to evaluate temperature dependent properties.
In NX Nastran 4.0, Solution 106 with PARAM COMPMATT=YES, began
computing the smeared laminate properties on CQUAD4/CTRIA3 elements by
taking into account the temperature dependent material properties of individual
plies, and using the temperature at the grid points. Only symmetric laminates
are supported in version 4.0 as membrane/bending coupling effects are not
included.
With this release of NX Nastran 4.1, the symmetric laminate limitation has been
removed and membrane/bending effects are now taken into account on
CQUAD4/CTRIA3 elements for SOL 106 when PARAM,COMPMATT,YES.
Classical Lamination Theory
Classical lamination theory makes the following assumptions regarding the
behavior of the laminae:
The laminate consists of perfectly bonded laminae.
The bonds are infinitesimally thin and nonshear-deformable; i.e.,
displacements are continuous across laminae boundaries so that no
lamina can slip relative to another.
There is linear variation of strain through the laminate thickness.
Deformation in the X-Y plan of the plate at any point C at a distance z in the
normal direction to plate middle surface is
where , , and are the displacements along the X, Y, and Z directions in the
element coordinate system, and , are the rotations.
The strain-displacement-middle surface strain and curvatures relationship is
given by:
U U
0
z
y
+ =
V V
0
z
x
+ =
U V W
x

y
29 CHAPTER 3
where the s and s are the middle surface strains and curvatures, respectively.
The stress resultants for an N-layer laminate are obtained by integration of the stresses
in each lamina through the laminate thickness as:
The stress resultant to strain relationship is:
where is the material matrix transformed from the laminate coordinate system
into the lamina coordinate system.
These relations can be written in the following form used to describe composite
elements:
xy
)

`

U
0
x
----------
V
0
y
---------
U
0
y
----------
V
0
x
--------- +
)

`

z
x
--------
y
--------
y
--------

x
x
--------
)

`

+
x
0
y
0
xy
0
)

`

z
xy
)

`

= =
N
x
N
y
N
xy
)

`

x
xy
)

`

z d
-
t
2
---
t
2
---
xy
)

`

k
z d
z
k 1
z
k
k 1 =
N
= =
M
x
M
y
M
xy
)

`

x
xy
)

`

z z d
-
t
2
---
t
2
---
xy
)

`

k
z z d
z
k 1
z
k
k 1 =
N
= =
N
x
N
y
N
xy
)

`

G | |
k
x
0
y
0
xy
0
)

`

k
z d
z
k 1
z
k
xy
)

`

k
z z d
z
k 1
z
k
)

`

k 1 =
N
=
M
x
M
y
M
xy
)

`

G | |
k
x
0
y
0
xy
0
)

`

k
z z d
z
k 1
z
k
xy
)

`

k
z
2
z d
z
k 1
z
k
+
)

`

k 1 =
N
=
G | |
k
30

where:
are named in composite element literature as the membrane,
membrane/bending coupling, and bending matrices, respectively.
In the shell element formulation in NX Nastran, these relationships take the
following form:
where:
=
=
=
=
(3x3 matrix)
= (3x3 matrix)
=
(2x2 matrix)
= = transverse shear resultants
F
M
)
`

A B
B D

0
)
`

=
A | |
G | |
k
z
k
z
k 1
( )
k 1 =
N
B | | 1
2
--- G | |
k
z
k
2
z
k 1
2
( )
k 1 =
N
D | | 1
3
--- G | |
k
z
k
3
z
k 1
3
( )
k 1 =
N
F
M
Q
)

`

TG
1
T
2
G
4
0
T
2
G
4
T
3
12
------ G
2
0
0 0 T
s
G
3
)

`

=
A | |
TG
1
B | | T
2
G
4
D | |
T
3
12
------G
2
Q { }
Q
x
Q
y
)
`

31 CHAPTER 3
Equivalent thermal properties are determined as follows:
The following coefficients are used to determine equivalent thermal properties:
These coefficients are used to calculate the equivalent thermal properties as follows:
= = transverse shear strains
= nominal plate thickness
= effective transverse shear material thickness
= effective transverse shear material matrix
{ }

x
y )
`

T
T
s
G
3
0
)

`

T
1
T
3
12
------
2
T
2
3
)

`

A B 0
B D 0
0 0 T
s
G
3
1 G
0
G
0
)

`

= =
G
0
)
`

G | |
k
{ }
k
z
k
z
k 1
( )
k 1 =
N
=
G
{ }
1
3
-- - G | |
k
{ }
k
z
k
3
z
k 1
3
( )
k 1 =
N
=
G
0
)
`

1
2
-- - G | |
k
{ }
k
z
k
2
z
k 1
2
( )
k 1 =
N
=
32

and
where { } and are the membrane and bending equivalent thermal
properties. Note that { } is not directly calculated, but is determined from
{ } when the PCOMP input is used and when the MID4 field on the PSHELL
is > 400,000,000. Note that { } cannot be input directly using PSHELL and
{ } can be input only if is invertible (which is generally not true).
Classical Lamination Theory Applied to Temperature
Dependent Composites for SOL 106
Thermal strain is given by:
When the coefficients of thermal expansion are temperature dependent, the
thermal strains are calculated using a secant approach:
An equivalent form of the secant approach is:
where
Equivalent thermal properties for a laminate are computed using an effective
coefficient of thermal expansion. The resulting thermal properties using the
equivalent secant approach for a laminate lay-up are as follows:
= CTE evaluated at load temperature.
= CTE evaluated at initial temperature.
= load temperature.
= initial temperature.
= reference temperature as specified on the PCOMP card.
0
)
`

A | |
1
G
0
)
`

=
x
{ } D | |
1
G
x
{ } =
0

x
{ }
x
0
G
x
0
G
x
0
x
0
B | |
{ } { } T =
{ } { }
L
T
L
T
Ref
( ) { }
I
T
I
T
Ref
( ) =
{ }
ef f
{ } T
L
T
I
( ) =
ef f
{ }
{ }
L
T
L
T
Ref
( ) { }
I
T
I
T
Ref
( )
T
L
T
I
( )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Eq. 3-1 =
{ }
L
{ }
I
T
L
T
I
T
Ref
33 CHAPTER 3
Validation of Improved Composite Procedure
In order to validate the approach taken to approximate the equivalent thermal and
mechanical properties, a series of tests were performed. The benchmark results were
either derived from closed form solutions or from solving an equivalent solid model
using I-DEAS Model Solution. The I-DEAS Model Solution product supports solid
orthotropic materials with temperature dependent properties. Simple ply lay-ups can
be modeled using 20 grid hexahedral elements.
The effects of the coefficient of thermal expansion are reflected in the equivalent nodal
forces resulting from applying various thermal loading conditions.
The membrane forces due to thermal loading are defined as follows:
(Ignoring the effects of shell offsets).
where
= load temperature at the reference plane
= initial temperature at the reference plane
o
)
`

A | |
1
G | |
k

ef f k
{ } z
k
z
k 1
( )
k 1 =
N
x
{ } D | |
1
G | |
k

ef f k
{ } z
k
3
z
k 1
3
( )
k 1 =
N
=
G
x
o
)
`

1
2
-- - G | |
k

ef f k
{ } z
k
2
z
k 1
2
( )
k 1 =
N
=
F { } T
L
T
I
| | A | |
L

o
)
`

t T G
x
o
)
`

t
2
=
T
L
T
I
34

The bending forces due to thermal loading are defined as follows:
(Ignoring the effects of shell offsets).
where
By choosing simple models, the terms defined below can be isolated and
validated:
= equivalent anisotropic (MAT2) membrane material matrix
for MID1 evaluated at the load temperature(defined in the
technical notes above)
= equivalent anisotropic (MAT2) CTE for MID1 (defined in
the technical notes above)
t = composite thickness
= effects of membrane/bending CTE (defined in the
= load temperature at the reference plane
= initial temperature at the reference plane
= equivalent anisotropic (MAT2) bending material matrix
for MID2 evaluated at the load temperature(defined in the
= equivalent anisotropic (MAT2) CTE for MID2 (defined in
the technical notes above)
t = composite thickness
= thermal gradient through the thickness
= effects of membrane/bending CTE (defined in the
technical notes above).
A | |
L
o
)
`

x
o
)
`

M { } T
L
T
I
| | G
x
o
)
`

t
2
T D | |
L

x
{ }
t
12
------
3
=
T
L
T
I
D | |
L
x
{ }
T
x
o
)
`

35 CHAPTER 3
Validation: Case 1
If the ply lay-up is symmetric and the thermal gradient is zero, TERMS 2,3, and 4 are
all zero. The resulting thermal forces are:
The geometry consists of a simply 10x10 square plate with one corner fully clamped.
The thickness of a single ply is one.
TERM 1:
TERM 2:
TERM 3:
TERM 4:
T
L
T
I
| | A | |
L

o
)
`

t
T ( ) G
x
o
)
`

t
2
T
L
T
I
| | G
x
o
)
`

t
2
T ( ) D | |
L

x
{ }
t
12
------
3
F { } T
L
T
I
| | A | |
L

o
)
`

t M { } 0 = =
36

The material properties and loading conditions are as follows:
Tload = 150
Tinit = 100
Tref = 50
Thermal gradient = 0.0
The solution for a pure thermal loading case is:
where the effective CTE is computed using equation 3-1:
Combining the above equations results in the following:
The final displacements are:
Material properties for MAT8 (MATT8)
E1 = E2 G12 Nul2 = G1Z = G2Z
T = 50 .001 .005 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 100 .0008 .004 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 150 .0006 .003 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 200 .0004 .002 1e6 5e5 0.0
1 2
ef f x
T
L
T
I
| | =
ef f y
T
L
T
I
| | =
ef f x
{ }
.0006(150 - 50) - .0008(100 - 50)
150 100 ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 0004 = =
ef f y
{ }
.003(150 - 50) - .004(100 - 50)
150 100 ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 002 = =
x
.0004 150 100 | | 0.02 = =
y
.002 150 100 | | 0.10 = =
T1 x displacement ( ) .0004 ( ) 10 ( ) 0.2 = =
T2 y displacement ( ) .002 ( ) 10 ( ) 1.0 = =
37 CHAPTER 3
The NX Nastran results are summarized as follows:
The input files used to validate case 1, tdmsc4.dat (quad4) and tdmsc5.dat (tria3), have
been provided in the install location NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl.
Validation: Case 2
If the ply lay-up only contains one layer and the thermal gradient is non-zero, the
TERMS 2 and 3 are zero while the TERMS 1 and 4 are non-zero. The resulting thermal
forces are:
The same geometry used in case 1 is used in case 2. The material properties and
loading conditions are as follows:
Tload = 150
Tinit = 100
Tref = 50
Reference Solution NX Nastran
Deflection T1
(grids 2 & 3)
0.2 0.2
Deflection T2
(grids 3 & 4)
1.0 1.0
Material properties for MAT8
E1 = E2 G12 Nul2 = G1Z = G2Z
.001 .001 1e6 5e5 0.0
F { } T
L
T
I
| | A | |
L

o
)
`

t =
M { } T D | |
L

x
{ }
t
12
------
3
=
1 2
38

The solution for a pure thermal loading case is given in Stresses in Plates and
Shells by A.C. Ugural, McGraw-Hill, 1981, p19. The equation governing the
surface deflection is given by:
The same solution can be computed using I-DEAS Model Solution. A single 20
grid hexahedral element with a quarter plate symmetric boundary conditions was
used to model the single ply lay-up. Equivalent solid orthotropic properties were
entered to define the laminate properties. The NX Nastran results are
summarized as follows:
The input files used to validate case 2, tdmsg20.dat (quad4) and tdmsg21.dat
(tria3), have been provided in the install location
NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl.
Validation: Case 3
If the ply lay-up has more than one layer and the thermal gradient is non-zero, all
the TERMS are non-zero. The resulting forces are:
Governing equation I-DEAS Model Solution NX Nastran
Deflection T3
(grid 3)
-1.0 -1.0 -1.0
T3
t
2 1 n ( )
---------------------- x
2
y
2
+ ( ) T
1
2
--- 200 ( ) . 001 ( ) 10 ( ) 1.0 = = =
F { } T
L
T
I
| | A | |
L

o
)
`

t T G
x
o
)
`

t
2
=
M { } T
L
T
I
| | G
x
o
)
`

t
2
T D | |
L

x
{ }
t
12
------
3
=
39 CHAPTER 3
Again, the geometry is the same as cases 1 and 2. The material properties and loading
conditions are as follows:
Tload = 150
Tinit = 100
Tref = 50
The solution for this pure thermal loading was computed using I-DEAS Model
Solution. A single 20 grid hexahedral element with quarter plate symmetric boundary
conditions was used to model the single ply lay-up. Equivalent temperature
dependent solid orthotropic properties were entered to define the laminate
properties. The surface deflection at the un-restrained grid was found to be -0.2. The
NX Nastran results are summarized for different numbers of layers:
The input files used to validate case 3 for 1, 2, 5 and 10 layers, tdmsg12.dat -
tdmsg15.dat (quad4) and tdmsg16.dat - tdmsg19.dat (tria3), have been provided in the
install location NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl.
Material properties for MAT8 (MATT8)
E1 = E2 G12 Nul2 = G1Z = G2Z
T = 50 .001 .001 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 100 .0008 .0008 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 150 .0006 .0006 1e6 5e5 0.0
T = 200 .0004 .0004 1e6 5e5 0.0
Deflection T3 (grid 3) I-DEAS Model Solution NX Nastran
Layers = 1 -0.2 -0.4
Layers = 2 -0.2 -0.25
Layers = 5 -0.2 -0.208
Layers = 10 -0.2 -0.202
1 2
40

Technical Notes
1. Sub-incrementing
The NINC entry on the NLPARM should be set to 1 if the nonlinearity is
due only to the temperature dependent composite materials. The NINC
entry can be increased if LGDISP > -1 or if other non-linearities exist such
that the solution is unable to converge in one increment. However, be
aware that the intermediate results are INCORRECT if PARAM
COMPMATT=YES. This is because the equivalent grid forces due to
thermal loads is computed once at the very beginning and are increment
by the load factor. Unfortunately, the equivalent grid forces due to
thermal loads are not proportional to temperature (i.e. load factor) when
the CTEs are temperature dependent.
2. Non Linear Strain results
The nonlinear strain results represent the total strain for
CQUAD4/CTRI3 elements with PCOMP properties when PARAM
COMPMATT=YES.
3. Z0 versus shell offset
Remark (10) on the PCOMP card states the following:
If the value specified for Z0 is not equal to -0.5 times the thickness of the
element and PARAM,NOCOMPS,-1 is specified, then the homogeneous
element stresses are incorrect, while lamina stresses and element forces
and strains are correct. For correct homogeneous stresses, use ZOFFS on
the corresponding connection entry.
Be aware that the membrane forces on the element forces are correct
when Z0 is not equal to -0.5 times the thickness of the element but the
bending moments are not correct. Use ZOFFS to get correct
homogeneous stress, strain and element force results.
4. Thermal gradient with shell offset on Z0 on PCOMP card
When applying a thermal gradient on an element whose shell offset is
non-zero, the ply temperature at layer (k) will be defined as follows:
TEMP = TBAR + TPRIME*[Z(k) + ZOFF] when specifying shell offset
TEMP = TBAR + TPRIME*[Z(k) + Z0] when specifying Z0
Note the equivalent nodal forces due to thermal loading does take into
account ZOFF but no Z0 when a thermal gradient has been specified.
Thus the results will be incorrect when specifying both a thermal
gradient and Z0 which is not equal to -0.5 times the laminate thickness.
41 CHAPTER 3
5. Large displacement with shell offset
Be aware of remark 6. on the CQUAD4 (and remark3. on the CTRIA3) which
states:
The specification of offset vectors gives wrong results in solution sequences
that compute differential stiffness: linear buckling analysis provided in SOLs
5, 16, 105 and 200, and geometric nonlinear analysis provided in SOLs 106,
129, 153 and 159 with PARAM,LGDISP 1.
6. Changes in equivalent grid forces/moments due to thermal loads for SOL
106
Previous releases of NX Nastran computed the equivalent grid
forces/moments due to thermal loads as follows:
The difference lies in the definitions of the CTE for bending and the
membrane/bending CTE term .
Instead of using effective values that have been updated using the secant
approach, the CTE for bending and the CTE terms for membrane/bending
were evaluated at the load temperature. In other words, only the first term
of the membrane forces made use of the secant approach when the
coefficients of thermal expansion were temperature dependent. This is still
true for models with CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTRIA6, and CQUAD8 elements
associated with a PSHELL.
F { }
o
)
`

L
T
L
T
I
| |
o
)
`

I
T
I
T
Ref
| | A | |
L
t T G
x
o
)
`

L
t
2
=
M { } T
L
T
I
| | G
x
o
)
`

L
t
2
T D | |
L

x
{ }
L

t
12
------
3
=
x
{ }
G
x
o
)
`

42

For NX Nastran 4.1 SOL 106 with temperature dependent composite
materials (i.e. PARAM, COMPMATT,YES), all three sets of CTEs
(membrane, bending, and membrane/bending coupling) make use of
the secant approach when computing equivalent thermal properties of
the laminate. So please be aware that this may result in numerical
differences as compared to previous releases of NX Nastran and/or
other commercial codes.
7. Certain MAT2 entries that are referenced from a PCOMP are not
checked for correctness. In particular, if G13 and/or G23 terms are non-
zero and the G33 term is zero, the matrix is not positive definite. In this
case NX Nastran will create potentially incorrect PSHELL/MAT2
combinations from the PCOMP/MAT2 inputs. Enter a positive definite
MAT2 entry to avoid this situation.
CHAPTER
4
Advanced Nonlinear
Improvements to the Contact Algorithm
44

4.1 Improvements to the Contact Algorithm
When contact definitions exist in an Advanced Nonlinear Solution (SOLs 601
and 701), contact segments are created during the solution in the regions where
contact has been defined. These contact segments are created on the shell and
solid element faces.
A new contact segment option is available for SOL 601 in NX Nastran 4.1 that
gives improved contact results. Specifically, the order of the segments created
(linear or quadratic) will match the order of the elements. When quadratic
contact segments are created on quadratic elements, the resulting contact
tractions are significantly better.
The new parameter CSTYPE has been created on the bulk data entry NXSTRAT
to support the new contact segment creation.
CSTYPE=1 is more accurate and will give better contact traction results,
especially when used with quadratic elements (for example, 10-grid tetrahedral
elements). However, certain restrictions apply in NX Nastran 4.1 when
CSTYPE=1 is used. These restrictions, listed below, will be eliminated in future
releases. Note that the default settings comply with the restrictions.
Only constraint function algorithm (default) may be used, i.e., TYPE=0
in BCTPARA
Contact surface offset must be zero (default), i.e., OFFSET=0.0 in
BCTPARA
Only single-sided contact (default) is allowed, i.e., NSIDE=1 in
BCTPARA
Only frictionless contact (default) or regular Coulomb friction is
allowed, i.e., FRICMOD=0 or 1 in BCTPARA
No tied contact (default), i.e., TIED=0 in BCTPARA
Consistent contact stiffness cannot be used, i.e., CSTIFF=0 in
BCTPARA
Continuous normal must be used (default), i.e., SEGNORM=0 or 1 in
BCTPARA
CSTYPE Selects the type of contact segment to use. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 - Use the old type of contact segment.
1 - Use the new type of contact segment.
45 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
Initial penetration cannot be ignored (default), i.e., INIPENE=0 or 1 in
BCTPARA
Updated NXSTRAT Card
(This includes a change to the param LSEARCH which is not specifically related to the
contact output improvements.)
Defines parameters for solution control and strategy in advanced nonlinear structural
analysis.
Format:
Example:
NXSTRAT
Strategy Parameters for SOLs 601 and 701
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NXSTRAT ID Param1 Value1 Param2 Value2 Param3 Value3
Param4 Value4 Param5 Value5 -etc-
NXSTRAT 1 AUTO 1 MAXITE 30 RTOL 0.005
ATSNEXT 3
Field Contents
ID Identification number. Currently not used. (Integer > 0)
PARAMi Name of the NXSTRAT parameter. Allowable names are given in
Table 8-1. See remark 1 for parameters applicable to SOL 701.
(Character)
VALUEi Value of the parameter. See Table 8-1. (Real or integer)
46

Table 8-1 NXSTRAT Parameters
Name Description
Analysis Control Parameters
SOLVER Selects the solver to use. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Direct sparse solver
1 Multigrid solver
AUTO Indicates whether automatic incrementation scheme is enabled.
(Integer; Default = 0)
0 No automatic incrementation scheme is used
1 Automatic time stepping (ATS) scheme is enabled
2 Automatic load-displacement control (LDC) scheme is enabled
NPOSIT Indicates whether analysis continues when the system matrix is
not positive definite. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Analysis may stop
1 Analysis continues
Notes:
If NPOSIT=0, analysis stops unless
the ATS or LDC scheme is enabled; i.e. AUTO=1 or AUTO=2
contact analysis is being performed
It is not recommended to set NPOSIT=1 for a linear analysis.
MASSTYP Selects the type of mass matrix to be used in dynamic analysis.
0 Lumped mass is used
1 Consistent mass is used
Analysis Options
TINT
*
Integration order for the local t-direction (through thickness) of
shell elements with elasto-plastic materials. By default, 5-point
Newton-Cotes is used for single-layered shell and 3-point
Newton-Cotes is used for multi-layered shell. Note that 2-point
Gauss integration is always used for all shell elements with elastic
materials. (Integer; Default = 0).
1 < TINT < 6 Gauss integration method with integration order
TINT
-3, -5, -7 Newton-Cotes integration with order -TINT
ICMODE
*
Indicates whether incompatible modes are used for 4-node shell
elements. (Integer; Default =1 for SOL 601 and 0 for SOL 701)
0 - Incompatible modes are not used
1 - Incompatible modes are used
47 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
MSTAB Indicates whether the stiffness matrix stabilization feature is used.
0 Matrix stabilization is not used
1 Matrix stabilization is used
MSFAC Matrix stabilization factor. (Real; Default = 1.0E-12)
DTDELAY
*
Element death time delay. (Real; Default = 0.0)
When an element is too deformed and becomes dead, its
contribution to the overall stiffness of the structure is removed. By
specifying DTDELAY > 0.0, the contribution from the element
stiffness is gradually reduced to zero over time DTDELAY instead
of being suddenly removed. This may help in the convergence of
the solution.
SDOFANG
*
Angle used to determine whether a shell mid-surface node is
assigned 5 or 6 degrees of freedom. (Real; Default = 5.0)
UPFORM
*
Indicates whether u/p formulation is used for elements. Note that
u/p formulation is always used for hyperelastic elements and
always not used for hyperfoam elements and elastic elements
with Poissons ratio less than 0.48. It is also not used for gasket
elements (Integer; Default = 0)
0 u/p formulation is not used
1 u/p formulation is used instead of displacement-based
formulation
ULFORM
*
Indicates which large strain formulation is used for 4-node shell
elements. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Updated Lagrangian-Jaumann (ULJ) formulation is used if
rigid-target algorithm contact is used or SOL 701 is run.
Otherwise, Updated Lagrangian-Hencky (ULH) formulation is
used.
1 Use ULH formulation
2 Use ULJ formulation
Note: For shell elements which are not 4-noded, the ULJ
formulation is always used for large strains. For 3-D solid, plane
strain and axisymmetric elements, ULH formulation is always
used for large strains. In restarting from SOL 601 to 701 or vice
versa, ULFORM needs to be specified such that both analyses use
the same formulation.
Name Description
48

DISPOPT Indicates whether prescribed displacements are applied to the
original configuration or the deformed configuration. This option
is only applicable for a restart analysis or when a delay (or arrival)
time is specified for the prescribed displacement. (Integer; Default
= 0)
0 Applied to original configuration
1 Applied to deformed configuration
LOADOPT
*
Indicates whether prescribed loads (pressure and centrifugal) are
deformation-dependent, i.e. the direction and magnitude of the
load may change due to large deformation of the structure. This
option is only applicable for large displacement analysis, i.e.
PARAM,LGDISP,1 (Integer; Default = 1)
0 Load is independent of structural deformation
1 Load is affected by structural deformation
Time Integration
ALPHA Alpha coefficient for the Newmark time integration method.
(Real; Default = 0.25)
DELTA Delta coefficient for the Newmark method. (Real; Default = 0.5)
SOL 701 Time Stepping
XSTEP
o
Selects time step method used in an explicit time integration
analysis. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 - Time step size is calucated by the program based on the critical
time step size. The data in the selected TSTEP bulk data entry is
used to calculate the total solution time for the analysis.
1 - The number of time steps and the time step size as specified in
the selected TSTEP bulk data entry is used.
XDTCAL
o
Calculation of the critical time step size may be computationally
expensive. This parameter specifies that the critical time step size
be re-calculated every XDTCAL time steps. (Integer > 0, Default =
1)
XDTFAC
o
The critical time step size is calculated based on certain
assumptions. It is often necessary, especially for nonlinear
analysis, to use a time step size smaller than the calculated critical
time step size. The factor multiplied by the calculated critical time
step size gives the time step size used in the analysis. (4.0 > Real >
0.0, Default = 0.9)
Name Description
49 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
XMSCALE
o
Specifies the factor to scale the mass (densities) of the entire model
(at the beginning of the analysis) to increase the critical time step
size required for stability when the explicit time integration
scheme is used. See warning in Remark 2. (Real = 1.0, Default =
1.0)
XDTMIN1
o
The minimum time step size used to determine if mass scaling
will be applied to elements (at the beginning of the analysis)
whose critical time step size is smaller than DTMIN1. The amount
of mass scaling is calculated for each element so that the critical
time step size is equal to DTMIN1. See Remark 2 and warning in
Remark 3. (Real = 0.0, Default = 0.0)
XDTMIN2
o
The minimum time step size used to determine whether an
element will be removed in an explicit time integration analysis.
In explicit time integration, the smaller an element size is, the
smaller will the critical time step size be. If the critical time step
size for an element is smaller than XDTMIN2, the element will be
removed in the analysis. See Remark 2 and warning in Remark 3.
(Real > 0.0, Default = 0.0)
Multigrid Solver
ITEMAX Maximum number of iterations allowed for the multigrid solver
to converge. (Integer > 0; Default = 1000)
EPSIA Convergence tolerance EPSIA. (Real; Default = 1.0E-6)
EPSIB Convergence tolerance EPSIB. (Real; Default = 1.0E-4)
EPSII Convergence tolerance EPSII. (Real; Default = 1.0E-8)
Equilibrium Iteration and Convergence
LSEARCH Flag to indicate the use of line searches within the iteration
scheme. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Line search is not used
1 Line search is used
LSLOWER Lower bound for line search. (0.0 < Real < 1.0; Default = 0.001)
LSUPPER Upper bound for line search. (1.0 < Real; Default = 2.0)
Name Description
50

MAXITE Maximum number of iterations within a time step. If the
maximum number of iterations is reached without achieving
convergence (see CONVCRI parameter), the program will stop
unless the automatic time stepping (ATS) or load displacement
control scheme is selected (see parameter AUTO). (1 < Integer <
999; Default = 15)
CONVCRI Convergence Criteria. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Convergence based on energy
1 Convergence based on energy and force
2 Convergence based on energy and displacement
3 Convergence based on force
4 Convergence based on displacement
ETOL Relative energy tolerance. (Real; Default = 0.001)
RTOL Relative force (and moment) tolerance (Real; Default = 0.01)
RNORM Reference force. (Real)
RMNORM Reference moment. (Real)
RCTOL Relative contact force tolerance. (Real; Default = 0.05)
DTOL Relative displacement (translation and rotation) tolerance. (Real;
Default = 0.01)
DNORM Reference translation. (Real)
DMNORM Reference rotation. (Real)
STOL Line search convergence tolerance. (Real; Default = 0.5)
RCONSM Reference contact force. (Real; Default = 0.01)
ENLSTH Line search energy threshold. (Real; Default = 0.0)
Automatic Time Stepping (ATS) Scheme
ATSSUBD Number that limits the smallest time step size when the automatic
time stepping (ATS) scheme is used. For a time step size of DT, the
program will stop if convergence is not achieved and the next
subdivided time step size is less than DT/ATSSUBD. (Integer > 1;
Default = 10)
ATSMXDT Factor that limits the maximum time step size when the automatic
time stepping (ATS) scheme is used. The ATS scheme may
increase the time step size after convergence is achieved.
However, for a time step size of DT, the program will not use a
time step size greater than ATSMXDT * DT. (Real; Default = 3.0)
Name Description
51 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
ATSNEXT Flag controls what time step size to use once convergence is
reached after an ATS subdivision. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Automatically set by program. For contact analysis, ATSNEXT
= 2, otherwise ATSNEXT = 1.
1 Use the time step size that gave convergence, i.e., the reduced
time step that led to convergence is used again.
2 Return to the original time step size, i.e., the original time step
size before any subdivision took place is used.
3 Use a time step size such that the solution time matches the
original solution time specified by the user.
ATSDFAC Division factor used calculate the sub-increment time step size. If
current time step size is DT and convergence is not achieved, the
next time step size will be DT/ATSDFAC. (Real > 1.0; Default =
2.0)
ATSLOWS Flag whether a low-speed dynamics analysis is performed instead
of a static analysis. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Low-speed dynamics option is not activated
1 Low-speed dynamics is performed
ATSDAMP Damping factor used in low-speed dynamics analysis. (Real > 0.0;
Default = 1.0e-4)
Load Displacement Control (LDC) Scheme
LDCGRID Grid point id at which a displacement is prescribed for the first
solution step. (Integer > 0)
LDCDOF Degree of freedom for prescribed displacement at grid point
LDCGRID. (1< Integer < 6)
1 X translation
2 Y translation
3 Z translation
4 X rotation
5 Y rotation
6 Z rotation
LDCDISP Prescribed displacement at grid point LDCGRID for the first
solution step. (Real)
LDCIMAX Displacement convergence factor used to limit the maximum
incremental displacement during a solution step. (Real; Default =
3.0)
Name Description
52

LDCDMAX Maximum (absolute magnitude) displacement (for the degree of
freedom specified by LDCDOF) at the grid point LDCGRID
allowed during the analysis. When the displacement reaches or
exceeds LDCDMAX, the program will stop the analysis. See
Section 6.2.4 in Advanced Nonlinear Theory and Modeling Guide
for other criteria that determines when an LDC solution will stop.
(Real)
LDCCONT Flag whether the solution is terminated when the first critical
point on the equilibrium path is reached. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Solution stops
1 Solution continues
LDCSUBD Maximum number of arc length subdivisions allowed. (Integer >
1; Default = 10)
Contact Control
IMPACT Impact control scheme (Integer; Default = 0)
0 No special treatment is applied for impact problems
1 Post impact adjustment of velocities and accelerations is
applied
2 Modified parameters are used in Newmark time integration
scheme
NSUPP Number of iterations for pairing contactor node to target segment.
If NSUPP > 0, during the first NSUPP iterations, the pairing target
segment is recorded for each contactor node. From iteration
NSUPP+1, if a target segment in the recorded list is repeated, it is
frozen to be the pairing target segment for the remaining
equilibrium iterations in that time step. Specifying NSUPP > 0
may help in the convergence for certain problems.
(0 < Integer < 99; Default = 0)
RTSUBD Selects the subdivision scheme used in the implicit rigid-target
contact algorithm when the tensile contact force is too large.
0 Subdivision is based on the magnitude of the tensile contact
force, i.e., the larger the magnitude, the smaller will be the
subdivided time step size.
1 Subdivision is based on the global automatic time stepping
(ATS) subdivsion settings.
CSTYPE Selects the type of contact segment to use. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 - Use the old type of contact segment.
1 - Use the new type of contact segment.
Name Description
53 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
Restart Options
MODEX
*
Indicates the mode of execution. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 Normal analysis run, i.e. not a restart analysis
1 Restart analysis
The restart (.res) file from a previous run must exist to do a restart
analysis. The filename and location of the restart file is determined
by the dbs keyword. By default, dbs points to the current
working directory with the prefix of the current job name.
TSTART
*
Solution starting time. If MODEX=1, TSTART must equal a
solution time in which data was saved in a previous run. If
TSTART = 0.0, the last time step in the restart file is used. (Real,
Default = 0.0)
IRINT
*
Frequency of saving the analysis results in the restart file. (Integer;
Default = 0)
0 IRINT is set to 1 when implicit time integration is used and set
to the number of steps in the first time step block when explicit
time integration is used.
> 0 Restart file is overwritten every IRINT time steps
< 0 Restart file is appended every IRINT time steps
Other Parameters
NSUBGRP
*
Number of sub-groups to divide large number of elements with
same property ID into. Normally, elements with same type and
property ID are placed into a group. If a group contains more than
1000 elements and NSUBGRP > 1, the elements are placed into
NSUBGRP sub-groups for more efficient processing. (Integer > 0;
Default = 1)
Translation Options
Name Description
54

ELCV Convert 8-node to 9-node quadrilateral (plane strain,
axisymmetric and shell) elements and 20-node to 27-node brick
elements. Note that this also converts 6-node to 7-node triangular
(plane strain and axisymmetric) elements and 10-node to 11-node
tetrahedral elements. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 No conversion of elements
1 Convert elements as described above; nodal coincidence is not
checked against existing nodes and new generated nodes are
always created.
2 Convert elements as described above; nodal coincidence is
checked against existing nodes and a new node will not be created
at a location if a node already exist at that location.
EQRBAR Indicates how RBAR elements are handled. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 RBAR is simulated using rigid option in small displacement
analysis and using flexible option in large displacement analysis.
1 RBAR is simulated using rigid option (i.e. simulated by rigid
link or constraint equations as determined by program)
2 RBAR is simulated using flexible option (i.e. simulated by
spring or beam elements as determined by program)
3 RBAR is simulated by spring elements
See Section 2.7 of Advanced Nonlinear Theory and Modeling
Guide for details on how RBAR elements are handled.
EQRBE2 Indicates how RBE2 elements are handled. (Integer; Default = 0)
0 RBE2 is simulated using rigid option in small displacement
analysis and using flexible option in large displacement analysis.
1 RBE2 is simulated using rigid option (i.e. simulated by rigid
links or constraint equations as determined by program)
2 RBE2 is simulated using flexible option (i.e. simulated by
spring or beam elements as determined by program)
3 RBE2 is simulated by spring elements
See Section 2.7 of Advanced Nonlinear Theory and Modeling
Guide for details on how RBE2 elements are handled.
SPRINGK Stiffness of spring elements that simulate RBAR or RBE2
elements. (Real, Default = 0.0)
If SPRINGK = 0.0, program automatically sets SPRINGK
according to the following calculations.
SPRINGK = EMAX * LMODEL
where EMAX = maximum Youngs Modulus of materials in the
model and LMODEL = largest dimension of the model. If no
material is specified in the model, EMAX is set to 1.0E12.
Name Description
55 CHAPTER 4
Advanced Nonlinear
Remarks:
1. Parameters applicable to SOL 701 are:
XSTEP, XDTCAL, XDTFAC, XMSCALE, XDTMIN1 and XDTMIN2 are only used
for SOL 701. These parameters are indicated in the table with a superscript
o
.
TINT, ICMODE, DTDELAY, SDOFANG, UPFORM, LOADOPT, MODEX,
TSTART, IRINT and NSUBGRP parameters can be used for SOL 701. These
parameters are indicated in the table with a superscript
*
.
2. XMSCALE, XDTMIN1 and XDTMIN2 may be used together. XDTMIN1 and
DTMIN2 are applied after XMSCALE is applied. If XDTMIN1 and XDTMIN2 are
both used, XDTMIN1 should be greater than XDTMIN2. If XDTMIN2 = XDTMIN1
is specified, XDTMIN1 will be ignored.
3. WARNING: Specifying XMSCALE > 1.0, XDTMIN1 > 0.0 or XDTMIN2 > 0.0
may change the model significantly. Hence, extra care should be exercised in
examining the results when any of these parameters are used.
BEAME Youngs Modulus of material assigned to beam elements that
simulate RBAR or RBE2 elements. (Real, Default = 0.0)
If BEAME = 0.0, BEAME is set to EMAX * 100.0 where EMAX =
maximum Youngs Modulus of materials in the model. If no
material is specified in the model, EMAX is set to 1.0E12.
BEAMA Circular cross section area of beam elements that simulate RBAR
or RBE2 elements. (Real, Default = 0.0)
If BEAMA = 0.0, program automatically sets BEAMA according to
the following calculation:
BEAMA = (LMODEL * .01)
2
where LMODEL = largest dimension
of the model
RBLCRIT Critical length for determining how RBAR and RBE2 elements are
simulated when the rigid or flexible option is used to simulate
RBAR (see EQRBAR) and RBE2 (see EQRBE2). (Real, Default =
0.0)
If RBLCRIT = 0.0, then
if EQRBAR (or EQRBE2) = 1,
RBLCRIT = LMODEL * 1.0E-6
if EQRBAR (or EQRBE2) = 2,
RBLCRIT = LMODEL * 1.0E-3
Name Description
56

MSC.Nastran 2001 Release Guide%
CHAPTER
5
Miscellaneous Enhancements
Surface-to-Surface Gluing
Improvements to AUTOMPC
Automatic Resubmitting of NX Nastran Jobs
Improvements to AUTOSPC
58

5.1 Surface-to-Surface Gluing
Introduction
A new option to glue element faces together during a solution is available in
this release of NX Nastran. Glue definitions can be used in all solution sequences
except for SOL 601 and 701. The glue option creates stiff springs to connect the
pre-defined surfaces and prevents relative motion in all directions. For discussion
purposes, the springs created by the solver from glue definitions will be referred
to as glue elements in the documentation.
Pre-defined regions of element free faces are used to detect where the glue
elements are created. From each element free face, a normal is projected, then the
solver checks to see if any of these normals intersect with other element free faces.
A glue element is created during the solution if:
NX Nastran finds an intersection between element faces,
and the distance between the two faces is equal to or less than the
defined separation distance.
The following should be noted:
Superelements can be used with surface-to-surface gluing as long as the
superelements are defined with the SESET bulk entry.
In a linear statics solution (SOL 101), surface gluing and surface contact
can be defined for the same subcase.
A glue set can only be defined in the global or first subcase and it will be
used in all subcases. The exception to this is when linear contact is
defined in SOL 101. For this special case, glue sets can be defined in any
subcase. This limitation will be removed in NXN5.
Surface-to-Surface gluing is currently not supported when using the
element iterative solver. The global iterative solver does support glue
definitions.
Defining Glue Regions (BSURF, BCPROP and BSURFS
Bulk Entries)
You must first define the regions where you would like the solver to create glue
elements. A region is a collection of element free faces in a section of the model
where you expect gluing (or contact) to occur. These regions can be created using
shell elements (BSURF and BCPROP) and using solid element free faces
(BSURFS). The BSURF entry is defined by its own unique ID and is a list or range
59 CHAPTER 5
of shell element IDs to include in the region. The BCPROP entry is defined by its own
unique ID and is a list of shell element property IDs. Shell elements which use any of
the property IDs listed in the BCPROP entry will be included in the region. The
BSURFS entry is defined by its own unique ID and is a list of solid element IDs each
followed by 3 grid points defining which face of the 3D element to include in the glue
region. An element should not appear more than once in the regions that are part of a
glue/contact pair. The BSURF, BCPROP and BSURFS entries described are used to
define glue and/or contact regions.
Defining Glue Pairs (New BGSET Case Control and Bulk
Entry)
Two new commands have been created in this release to define glue conditions for the
solution, the new BGSET case control command, and the new BGSET bulk entry, both
of which are included below.
A glue pair is a way to combine two regions, source and target, in which gluing will
be analyzed during the solution. The new BGSET bulk entry is used to define each
glue pair. The GSID field will need to match the value of n on the new BGSET case
control entry for the solution to recognize this glue definition. The SIDi and TIDi fields
refer to regions created by the BSURF, BCPROP and BSURFS entries, and are used to
define source and target regions respectively for a pair. As many pairs as desired can
be included on a single BGSET entry.
The search distance field (SDIST) defines the distance in which the solver can initially
determine if the distance between element faces in a particular pair are within the
threshold for creating glue elements. The default value of SDIST of 100 is large enough
to handle most geometry situations, but can be adjusted as needed. This value is used
once, at the beginning of the solution, to determine where glue elements need to be
initially created. Recall that NX Nastran projects normals from element faces and then
checks to see if any of these normals intersect with another element free face. If the
projected normal intersects an element face, and the distance between the two element
faces is within the range defined on the SDIST fields, a glue element is created.
The remaining field on the BGSET bulk entry is the penalty (PEN) factor, which is
used to adjust the stiffness of the glue condition. The default penalty factor is sufficient
for most cases, but can be adjusted if separation of the surfaces is observed.
Examples have been provided in the install location
NX_Nastran_Install_Path/nxn4/nast/tpl to demonstrate capabilities and to show the
correct syntax for surface-to-surface gluing. These files will all start with glue
following with a solution number. For example, one of the files is glue103.dat.
60

New BGSET Case Control Card
Selects the glue contact set.
Format:
BGSET=n
Examples:
BGSET=5
New BGSET Bulk Data Entry
Defines glued contact pairs of a 3D set.
Format:
Example:
BGSET Glue Contact Set Selection
Describers Meaning
n Glue contact set identification of a BGSET Bulk Data entry.
(Integer>0)
BGSET
3D Glue Contact Set Definition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BGSET GSID SID1 TID1 SDIST1 PEN
SID2 TID2 SDIST2
-etc-
BGSET 4 1 2
4 3
Field Contents
GSID Glue set identification number. (Integer>0)
SIDi Source region identification number of glue pair i. (Integer > 0)
TIDi Target region identification number for glue pair i. (Integer > 0)
SDISTi Search distance for glue surfaces (Real);(Default= 100)
PEN Penalty value used in calculations. The value defined on the first line
will be used for all pairs. (Real);(Default = 1.0E5)
61 CHAPTER 5
Remarks:
1. The default search distance will glue all overlapping sections of the source and
target regions. This value can be used in special cases to control what subregions are
to be glued.
2. The default penalty factor will be sufficient for most cases. Increase it if separation
of the surfaces is observed. If defined too large, numerical problems may occur.
62

5.2 Improvements to AUTOMPC
In version 3 of NX Nastran, the Parameter AUTOMPC was introduced as an
automatic way of processing the dependent and independent degree-of-freedom
for rigid elements, constraint elements and MPC equations. Before AUTOMPC
was created, you were required to select independent and dependent degree-of-
freedom when creating rigid elements, constraint elements and MPC equations.
This was a tedious process for models with large numbers of contraints.
In version 4.1, the following improvements have been made to AUTOMPC:
Models with large numbers of MPC equations, particularily with large
numbers of RBE3 elements containing large numbers of grids, will see
performance improvements.
When the AUTOMPC was originally created in version 3, an option was
created to specify that a dof (a dof which is included in an MPC
equation) must not be made part of the m-set. This is done by including
a list of degree-of-freedom on USET/USET1 bulk data cards and making
them part of the U5 set. Now in version 4.1, an option to do the opposite
has been created. Including dof as part of the U4 set specifies they must
be made part of the m-set.
An updated version of the AUTOMPC parameter is included below.
63 CHAPTER 5
Updated Version of the AUTOMPC Parameter
AUTOMPC Default=NO
AUTOMPC=YES specifies that the software automatically selects
the m-set dofs rather than use the m-set values as specified on
MPC or RIGID element cards (RBE*, RBAR, RROD, etc.) in the
bulk data definition except as noted below.
This option relieves the need to carefully define rigid elements (or
MPCs) so as to not have a conflict of the m-sets between elements.
In addition, any redundant constraints will be eliminated.
This option is not available in some circumstances and will be
automatically set to NO for:
1) A p-element analysis with local coordinate systems or RSSCON
elements.
2) A design optimization solution (SOL=200) with DVGRID data.
The AUTOMPC option is recommended for use in models with
RSSCON elements connected to CPENTA elements.
If an RBE3 element contains UM information on the m-set data,
those dofs will be used in the m-set. SPOINTS in MPC equations
will always be made part of the m-set.
When using this option, it is possible to specify that selected dof
must not be made part of the m-set. This is accomplished by
defining these dofs on USET/USET1 bulk data cards making them
part of the U5 set. If specified, the UM information on RBE3
elements will be ignored.
An option also exists to specify that selected dof must be made
part of the m-set. Again, using USET/USET1 bulk data cards, but
making them part of the U4 set.
64

5.3 Automatic Resubmitting of NX Nastran Jobs
When an NX Nastran job fails because of a failed license request, an option to have
the job retried automatically is now available. NX Nastran will now retry a failed
license request job every minute up to the value of the AUTHQUEUE keyword.
The default is 20 minutes.
65 CHAPTER 5
5.4 Improvements to AUTOSPC
The Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method is now available to AUTOSPC
unrestrained conditions in your model. The eigenvalue method is still used by
default, but SVD can be selected using the new system cell SVDSPC=1. The SVD
method is numerically more reliable and should be turned on in cases when you find
unexpected singularities remaining after the AUTOSPC operation.
System
Cell
Number
System Cell
Name
Function and Reference
419 SVDSPC Determines which AUTOSPC method is used.
0: Use the eigenvalue method (Default)
1: Use the Singular Value Decomposition
(SVD) method
66

APPENDIX
A
Upward Compatibility
DMAP Module Additions/Changes from NX Nastran 4.0 to 4.1
Data Block Additions/Changes from NX Nastran 4.0 to 4.1
68

A.1 DMAP Module Additions/Changes from NX Nastran
4.0 to 4.1
The following DMAP modules are additions or have changed in this release:
GP4
OFP
69 CHAPTER A
Generates the degree-of-freedom set table based on single point constraints,
multipoint constraints, rigid elements, and set membership assignment Bulk Data
entries (e.g., ASET). Also generates the enforced displacement matrix, the multipoint
constraint equation matrix, and the enforced motion partitioning vector.
Format:
Input Data Blocks:
GP4 Generates the degree-of-freedom set table
GP4 CASECC,GEOM4,EQEXIN,SIL,GPDT,BGPDT,CSTM,
MEDGE,MFACE,MBODY,GEOM2,GDNTAB/
RMG,YS0,USET0,PARTV/
LUSET/S,N,NOMSET/S,N,MPCF2/S,N,NOSSET/S,N,NOOSET/
S,N,NORSET/S,N,NSKIP/S,N,REPEAT/S,N,NOSET/S,N,NOL/
S,N,NOA/SEID/ALTSHAPE/SEBULK/DMAPNO/AUTOMPC $
CASECC Table of Case Control command images.
GEOM4 Table of Bulk Data entry images related to constraints, degree-of-
freedom membership and rigid element connectivity.
EQEXIN Equivalence table between external and internal grid/scalar
identification numbers.
SIL Scalar index list.
GPDT Grid point definition table.
BGPDT Basic grid point definition table.
CSTM Table of coordinate system transformation matrices.
MEDGE Edge table for p-element analysis.
MFACE Face table for p-element analysis.
MBODY Body table for p-element analysis.
GEOM2 Table of Bulk Data entry images related to element connectivity and
scalar points.
GDNTAB Table of grid points generated for p-element analysis.
70

Output Data Blocks:
Parameters:
RMG Multipoint constraint equation matrix.
YS0 Matrix of enforced displacements.
USET0 Degree-of-freedom set membership table for g-set.
PARTV Partitioning vector of enforced motion dof.
LUSET Input-integer-default=0. The number of degrees-of-freedom in the
g-set.
NOMSET Output-integer-no default. Number of degrees-of-freedom in the m-set
or multipoint constraint and rigid element flag. Set to -1 if there are
none.
MPCF2 Output-integer-no default. Multipoint constraint set identification
number change flag. Set to 1 if the current subcase contains a different
multipoint constraint set from the previous subcase. Set to -1 otherwise
or if there are no multipoint constraints in the current subcase.
NOSSET Output-integer-no default. Number of degrees-of-freedom in the s-set.
or single point constraint flag. Set to -1 if there are none.
NOOSET Output-integer-no default. Number of degrees-of-freedom in the o-set
or omitted degree-of-freedom flag. Set to -1 if there are none.
NORSET Output-integer-no default. Number of degrees-of-freedom in the r-set.
or supported degree-of-freedom flag. Set to -1 if there are none.
NSKIP Input/output-integer-no default. The record number in CASECC
corresponding to the first subcase of the current boundary condition.
REPEAT Output-integer-no default. Last boundary condition flag. Set to -1 at
the last boundary condition; +1 otherwise.
NOSET Output-integer-no default. Constraint, omit, and support set flag. Set to
-1 if NOMSET=-1, NOSSET=-1, NOOSET=-1, NORSET=-1 and no
degrees-of-freedom defined in the a-set (e.g., ASETi, QSETi Bulk Data
entries); +1 otherwise.
NOL Output-integer-default=1. Dependent set flag. Set to -1 if all degrees-of-
freedom belong to m-set, s-set, o-set, and/or r-set; otherwise, the
degrees-of-freedom in the l-set.
NOA Output-integer-default=1. Constraint and omit set flag. Set to -1 if
NOMSET=-1, NOSSET=-1, and NOOSET=-1; otherwise the number of
degrees-of-freedom in the a-set.
SEID Input-integer-default=0. Superelement identification number.
71 CHAPTER A
Remarks:
1. YS and PARTV will be purged if SPCD or SPC Bulk Data entries do not specify
nonzero values for displacement, velocity, or acceleration.
2. GEOM4 may be purged.
3. CSTM may be purged if no coordinate systems are used.
ALTSHAPE Input-integer-default=0. Specifies set of displacement functions in
p-element analysis. ALTSHAPE=0 selects the MacNeal set and 1 selects
the Full Product Space set.
SEBULK Input-logical-default=FALSE. Partitioned superelement presence flag.
Set to TRUE if partitioned superelements are present or BEGIN SUPER
is specified for the first BEGIN BULK Case Control command.
DMAPNO Input-integer-default=0. DMAP solution number.
AUTOMPC Input-character-default=NO. Auto MPC processing flag.
72

To output (print or punch) data blocks prepared by other modules in user-oriented,
self-explanatory formats.
Format:
Input Data Blocks:
Output Data Blocks:
None.
Parameters:
OFP Output file processor
OFP OFP1,OFP2,OFP3,OFP4,OFP5,OFP6,
CSTM,BGPDTVU,ERROR1,DEQATN,DEQIND,DIT//
S,N,CARDNO/ODCODE/PVALID/DFLAG/VFLAG/AFLAG $
OFPi Output table suitable for processing by the OFP module. See Remark 2.
CSTM Table of coordinate system transformation matrices.
EHT Element hierarchical table for p-element analysis.
BGPDTVU Basic grid point definition table for a superelement and related to
geometry with view-grids added.
ERROR1 Error-estimate table updated for current superelement or adaptivity
loop.
DEQATN Table of DEQATN Bulk Data entry images.
DEQIND Index table to DEQATN data block.
DIT Table of TABLEDi Bulk Data entry images.
CARDNO Input/output-integer-default=0. Punch file line counter. CARDNO is
incremented by one for each line written to the punch file and is also
written into columns 73-80 of each line.
ODCODE Input-integer-default=-1. Output device code override. See Remark 4.
ODCODE overrides the code stored in the DBi's according to the
following table:
ODCODE Output Directed to:
1 Print
2 Plot
3 Print and Plot
73 CHAPTER A
Remarks:
1. Any or all data blocks may be purged.
2. DMAP modules READ (LAMA, OEIGS, LAMX, CLAMX), CEAD (CLAMA and
OCEIGS), and LAMX (LAMB) are matrix operation modules that prepare OFP
formatted data blocks. Modules SDR2, SDR3, VDR, VDRE, ADR, CURV,
DDRMM, DRMH3, ELFDR, GPFDR, GPWG, LAMX, MDATA, SDRCOMP,
SDRX, and SDRHT also prepare OFP formatted data blocks.
3. Parameter ODCODE is not honored by data blocks LAMA, OEIGS, LAMX,
CLAMA, and OGPWG, which are created by READ, CEAD, LAMX, and GPWG.
4. CSTM, EHT, BGPDTVU, and ERROR1 are required if p-elements are specified
and only for data recovery; i.e., displacement, stress, strain, etc.
4 Punch
5 Print and Punch
6 Plot and Punch
7 Print, Plot, and
Punch
PVALID Input-integer-default=0. P-element adaptivity loop identification
number.
DFLAG Input-integer-default=0. Displacement output flag.
= 0 output displacement as is
= 1 output displacement as relative motion
= 2 do not output displacement
VFLAG Input-integer-default=0. Velocity output flag.
= 0 output velocity as is
= 1 output velocity as relative motion
= 2 do not output velocity
AFLAG Input-integer-default=0. Acceleration output flag.
= 0 output acceleration as is
= 1 output acceleration as relative motion
= 2 do not output acceleration
74

5. CSTM, DEQATN, DEQIND, and DIT are required if the CORD3G Bulk Data
entry is present and only for element data recovery; i.e., displacement, stress,
strain, etc.
Example:
Print the OUG1 table from the SDR2 module:
OFP OUG1/ $
75 CHAPTER A
A.2 Data Block Additions/Changes from NX Nastran 4.0
to 4.1
The following Data Blocks are additions or have changed in this release:
OCPSDF
ROUGV1 and ROUGV2
76

Table of cross-power spectral density functions.
Record 0 - HEADER
Record 1 - IDENT
OCPSDF Table of cross-power spectral density functions.
Word Name Type Description
1 NAME(2) CHAR4 Block Name
1 ACODE(C) I Device code + 10*Approach code
2 TCODE(C) I Table code; always 4100
3 UNDEF none
4 RANDID I RANDOM set identification number
5 CCODE I Device code +10*function number
6 RCROID I RCROSS identification number
7 UNDEF(2) none
9 OCODE I Output code (2=real, 3=complex)
10 NUMWDE(C) I Length of entries in RECORD=DATA
(always 3)
11 RTYPE1 CHAR4 Type of first response quantity
12 ID1 I Element, grid or scalar point ID
number
13 COMP1 I Component code (item) ID number
14 RTYPE2 CHAR4 Type of second response quantity
15 ID2 I Element, grid, or scalar point ID
number
16 COMP2 I Component code (item) ID number
17 CURID I Curve ID number
18 UNDEF(33) none
51 TITLE(32) CHAR4 Title
77 CHAPTER A
Record 2 - DATA
Record 3 - TRAILER
Notes:
1. Records repeat for each subcase having any output requests. Words 1-3 in
record 2 repeat for each frequency. Records 1 and 2 repeat for each function
generated.
2. Device code:
1 = print
4 = punch
5 = print and punch
3. Approach code:
1 = statics
2 = reigen
3 = ds0
4 = ds1
5 = freq
83 SUBTITL(32) CHAR4 Subtitle
115 LABEL(32) CHAR4 Label
1 FREQ RS Frequency (Hz)
2 RPSDF RS Real part of cross-power spectral density
function value
3 IPSDF RS Imaginary part of cross-power spectral
density function value
1 WORD1 I Number of records
2 WORD2 I Number of data values in record 2.
3 UNDEF(5) none
78

6 = bkl0
7 = bkl1
8 = ceigen
9 = pla
4. RTYPEi:
DISP = displacement
VELO = velocity
ACCE = acceleration
OLOA = applied loads
SPCF = single-point constraint force
MPCF = multi-point constraint force
STRE = stress
STRA = strain
FORC = force
79 CHAPTER A
ROUGV1 and ROUGV2
The new data blocks ROUGV1 and ROUGV2 are the same as the data blocks OUGV1
and OUGV2, except that ROUGV1 and ROUGV2 are used to store relative
displacement, velocity and acceleration in SORT1 and SORT2 format respectively,
while OUGV1 and OUGV2 store absolute displacement, velocity and acceleration.
The ROUGV1 and ROUGV2 data blocks are generated when the new REL parameter
appears on a DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, or ACCELERATION case control entry.
Since OUGV1, OUGV2, ROUGV1 and ROUGV2 all use the format of OUG, it is
included on the following page.
80

Also, temperatures for heat transfer and sound pressure levels for acoustic analyses.
For all analysis types (real and complex) and SORT1 and SORT2 formats.
Record 0 - HEADER
Record 1 - IDENT
OUG Table of displacements, velocities, accelerations
1 NAME(2) CHAR4 Data block name
3 WORD I No Def or Month, Year, One, One
Word 3 repeats until End of Record
1 ACODE(C) I Device code + 10*Approach Code
2 TCODE(C) I Table Code
3 UNDEF none
4 SUBCASE I Subcase identification number
TCODE,1 =1 Sort 1
ACODE,4 =01 Statics
5 LSDVMN I Load set number
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =02 Real Eigenvalues
5 MODE I Mode Number
6 EIGN RS Eigenvalue
7 MODECYCL F1 Mode or Cycle
ACODE,4 =03 Differential Stiffness
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =04 Differential Stiffness
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
81 CHAPTER A
ACODE,4 =05 Frequency
5 FREQ RS Frequency
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =06 Transient
5 TIME RS Time Step
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =07 Buckling Phase 0 (Pre-buckling)
5 LSDVMN I Load set
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =08 Buckling Phase 1 (Post-buckling)
5 LSDVMN I Mode Number
6 EIGR RS Eigenvalue
7 UNDEF none
ACODE,4 =09 Complex Eigenvalues
5 MODE I Mode
6 EIGR RS Eigenvalue (real)
7 EIGI RS Eigenvalue (imaginary)
ACODE,4 =10 Nonlinear statics
5 LFTSFQ RS Load step
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =11 Old geometric nonlinear statics
5 LSDVMN I Load set
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
ACODE,4 =12 CONTRAN ? ( May appear as ACODE=6 )
5 TIME RS Time
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
End ACODE,4
TCODE,1 =02 Sort 2
82

Record 2 - DATA
5 LSDVMN I Load set, Mode Number
6 UNDEF(2 ) none
End TCODE,1
8 UNDEF none
9 FCODE I Format Code
10 NUMWDE I Number of words per entry in DATA
record
11 UNDEF(2) none
13 ACFLAG(C) I Acoustic presure flag
14 UNDEF(9 ) none
23 THERMAL I 1 for heat transfer and 0 otherwise
24 UNDEF(27 ) none
51 TITLE(32) CHAR4 Title
83 SUBTITL(32) CHAR4 Subtitle
115 LABEL(32) CHAR4 Label
TCODE,1 =01 Sort 1
1 EKEY I Device code + 10* Point identification
number
TCODE,1 =02 Sort 2 - Swap with word 5 of IDENT
ACODE,4 =01
number
ACODE,4 =02
number
ACODE,4 =03
83 CHAPTER A
number
ACODE,4 =04
number
ACODE,4 =05
1 FREQ RS Frequency
ACODE,4 =06
1 TIME RS Time step
ACODE,4 =07
number
ACODE,4 =08
number
ACODE,4 =09
number
ACODE,4 =10
1 FQTS RS Frequency or Time step
ACODE,4 =11
number
ACODE,4 =12
number
End ACODE,4
End TCODE,1
2 TYPE I Point type: G for grid and S for scalar
84

TABLCODE=01 Displacement - TablCode=MOD(TCODE,1000)
TCODE,2 =01
ACFLAG =0 Real
TCODE,7 =0 Real
3 DT1 RS Translation in direction 1
6 DR1 RS Rotation in direction 1
TCODE,7 =1 Real/ Imaginary
3 DT1R RS Translation in direction 1
6 DR1R RS Rotation in direction 1
9 DT1I RS Translation in direction 1 - imaginary
12 DR1I RS Rotation in direction 1 - imaginary
End TCODE,7
ACFLAG =2 Acoustic Pressure
TCODE,7 =0 Real
3 P RS Sound pressure level
4 PRMS RS RMS Sound pressure level
85 CHAPTER A
5 DB RS Sound pressure level in dB
6 DBA RS Sound pressure level in dBA
7 UNDEF(2 ) none
3 PR RS Sound pressure level
4 PRMSR RS RMS Sound pressure level
5 DBR RS Sound pressure level in dB
6 DBAR RS Sound pressure level in dBA
7 PI RS Sound pressure level - imaginary
8 PRMSI RS RMS Sound pressure level - imaginary
9 DBI RS Sound pressure level in dB - imaginary
10 DBAI RS Sound pressure level in dBA - imaginary
11 UNDEF(4 ) none
End TCODE,7
End ACFLAG
TCODE,2 =07 Eigenvector Displacement
TCODE,7 =0 Real
86

End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =10 Velocity
TCODE,7 =0 Real
3 VT1 RS Translation in direction 1
6 VR1 RS Rotation in direction 1
3 VT1R RS Translation in direction 1
6 VR1R RS Rotation in direction 1
9 VT1I RS Translation in direction 1 - imaginary
12 VR1I RS Rotation in direction 1 - imaginary
87 CHAPTER A
End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =11 Acceleration
TCODE,7 =0 Real
3 AT1 RS Translation in direction 1
6 AR1 RS Rotation in direction 1
3 AT1R RS Translation in direction 1
6 AR1R RS Rotation in direction 1
9 AT1I RS Translation in direction 1 - imaginary
12 AR1I RS Rotation in direction 1 - imaginary
End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =14 Eigenvector Displacement (Solution Set)
TCODE,7 =0 Real
88

End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =15 Displacement (Solution Set)
TCODE,7 =0 Real
89 CHAPTER A
End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =16 Velocity (Solution Set)
TCODE,7 =0 Real
90

End TCODE,7
TCODE,2 =17 Acceleration (Solution Set)
TCODE,7 =0
91 CHAPTER A
Record 3 - TRAILER
End TCODE,7
End TCODE,2
1 UNDEF(6 ) none
92

APPENDIX
B
System Descriptions
Supported System Configurations for NX Nastran 4.1
94

B.1 Supported System Configurations for NX Nastran
4.1
System Description HP9000 HP-UX
Item Description
Supported Model(s) PA-RISC
Configurations for
Installed Timing
Constants
250, 710, 712, 715, 720, 730, 735, 778, 800, 819, 889, 2200, 2600,
2733, 3700, 4000, 4900, 6750
Build Operating System PA-RISC: HP-UX B.11.00
Other Supported
Operating Systems
HP-UX B.11.11
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type LP-64, LP-64 DMP
MPI required for DMP MPI comes with OS, version depends on OS level.
System Description Intel Linux
Item Description
Supported Model(s) Intel and Intel-compatible
Configurations for
Installed Timing
Constants
P4 2.8Ghz
Build Operating System Red Hat 7.3
Other Supported
Operating Systems
Suse 9.2, Red Hat EL 3.0, Red Hat EL 4.0
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type ILP-32, ILP-32 DMP
MPI required for DMP HP MPI 02.01.00.00 B6060BA (included with NX Nastran install)
95 CHAPTER B
System Descriptions
System Description Intel Windows (32-bit)
Item Description
Configurations for
Installed Timing
Constants
Pentium II 400 MHz, P4 1.5GHz, Pentium Pro.
Build Operating System Windows 2000, SP3
Other Supported
Operating Systems
WXP SP1, WXP SP2, WXP-64 (on EM64T/Opteron), Win 2003
Server (on EM64T/Opteron)
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type ILP-32
System Description IBM RS/6000 AIX (64 bit)
Item Description
Supported Model(s) Power3, Power4, Power5
Installed Timing
Constants
303,320H, 370, 375, 390, 397, 530, 530h, 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 591,
950, 980, 990, 4316
Build Operating System AIX 5.1
Other Supported
Operating Systems
AIX 5.2, AIX 5.3
Word Length LP-64: 32 bits; ILP-64: 64 bits
Build Type LP-64, LP-64 DMP, ILP-64, ILP-64 DMP
MPI required for DMP POE 3.2.0.0 (add on from IBM)
System Description SGI R8K, R10K, R12K IRIX64
Item Description
Supported Model(s) R8K, R10K, R12K, R16K
Configurations for
Installed Timing
Constants
IP7, IP19, IP20, IP21, IP22, IP27, IP28, IP30, IP35, 240, 510
Build Operating System IRIX 6.5.7
96

Other Supported
Operating Systems
IRIX 6.5.21, IRIX 6.5.24m, IRIX 6.5.27m
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type LP-64, LP-64 DMP
MPI required for DMP MPI comes with OS, version depends on OS level.
System Description Sun SPARC Solaris
Item Description
Supported Model(s) UltraSPARC
Installed Timing
Constants
UltraSPARC (75 & 95)
Build Operating System UltraSPARC:Solaris 8
Other Supported
Operating Systems
Solaris 9, Solaris 10
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type LP-64
System Description SGI R8K, R10K, R12K IRIX64
Item Description
System Description X86_64 Linux (AMD Opteron/EM64T)
Item Description
Supported Model(s) X86-64 Linux
Installed Timing
Constants
8664
Build Operating System SuSE 9.0
Other Supported
Operating Systems
Suse 9.1, Suse 9.3, Suse SLES9, Red Hat EL 3.0, Red Hat EL 4.0
97 CHAPTER B
System Descriptions
System Description Intel Itanium HP-UX
Item Description
Supported Model(s) Intel-Itanium-HP-UX
Installed Timing
Constants
4900, 5300, 5400
Build Operating System HP-UX B.11.22
Other Supported
Operating Systems
HP-UX B.11.23
MPI required for DMP HP MPI 01.08.02.00 B6060BA (comes with OS)
System Description Intel Itanium Linux
Item Description
Supported Model(s) Itanium II
Installed Timing
Constants
IA-64 800 Mhz & 733Mhz
Build Operating System Red Hat AW2.1
Other Supported
Operating Systems
Red Hat EL3.0, Red Hat EL4.0
System Description X86_64 Linux (AMD Opteron/EM64T)
Item Description
98

System Description SGI Altix
Item Description
Supported Model(s) SGI-ALTIX
Installed Timing
Constants
6402
Build Operating System SGI ProPack 3 sp3
Other Supported
Operating Systems
SGI ProPack 4
MPI required for DMP SGI MPT (comes with OS)
System Description Intel (EM64T/Opteron) Windows (64 bit)
Item Description
Configurations for
Installed Timing
Constants
Pentium II 400 MHz, 733 MHz Itanium 32 Bit, P4 1.5GHz,
Pentium Pro.
Build Operating System WXP-64 SP1
Other Supported
Operating Systems
Windows Server 2003
Word Length 32 bits
Build Type LP-64

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