SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT Jawan Marakaz ______________________________________________________________________________ THE SPECIAL INITIATIVE OF THE KHYBER

PAKHTUNKHWA GOVERNMENT FOR THE JAWAN (YOUTH) OF THE PROVINCE FOR IMPLEMENTATION BY THE SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND: Life in this area started about 20,000 BC, as the Sanghao cave of Mardan district shows use of stone tools. Gradually, primitive agriculture took shape in these valleys, but about 2,000 BC, Aryans invaded this area and introduced metal. Towards sixth century BC, the tribes of Gandhara who had so far been leading independent tribal life united themselves into a kingdom under King Pushkala Sakti. They introduced irrigation. Social life was improved by creating village councils called 'Sabha' with village elders as its members, who used to settle all the disputes as is done currently under the 'Jirga' system. A higher council called Samiti was also introduced for implementation of king's orders. In 331 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the area. From third century BC, onward, introduction of Buddhism led to new social developments. Also new people like, Greeks, Scythians, Parthians, Kushans, Huns and Turks came and settled here. In seventh century AD, the socio-political pattern and economy were shattered once again by the invasion and takeover by Hindu-Turkish rulers. Again in the 8th century AD, Afghans took-over in the wake of Muslim invasion. By that time, however, urban settlements had come into being due to improvement in agriculture, promotion of local handicrafts and participation of Gandhara in the international trade. Road system had also developed to the extent that routes from China and India passed through Gandhara for going onwards to Central Asia and Europe. At the end of 7th century AD, the economy of Gandhara stood shattered. By the 10th century AD, socio-political pattern had changed completely. The Hindu-Turkish rulers known as Hindu Shahis had gone into hill forts. Now, the Muslim rulers from Ghazni and Ghori started invading the area, while in the 16th century AD, the Mughals coming through Khyber Pass, established themselves in India and set up an outpost in Peshawar with Kabul. The Mughals had, however, their attention concentrated on India and tribal system came into practice in this area once again. Later in the 19th century AD, Sikhs were ruling this area. The British then came to rule the area upto 1947 when it got independence as a part of Muslim state of Pakistan. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has always been an important area due to its strategic locale. The Afghan and the British Governments agreed in 1893 on delineating the Durand Line which has served, since then, as border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The province borders touch or are close to those of China, the Tajikistan and the disputed territory of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the north and Afghanistan to the west all along the mountains and highlands from the Pamirs to the rugged terrain of South Waziristan. The area comprising the province has a rich past. Its barren hills and passes have seen many famous conquerors and adventurers, like Alexander the Great, Mahmood of Ghazni, Taimur, Emperor Babar, Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah Abdali. Once the cradle of Gandhara civilization, the area is now known for its devout Muslims who jealously guard their religion and culture and the way of life which they have been following for centuries. CULTURE: Gandhara art, which was largely expressed through sculpture, is the valuable heritage of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In the Gandhara School of art, creation of the Buddha, after nearly 500 years of his death, means search for an ideal human being who is above the common man, but is not a god, who ultimately aims at bringing human beings under the

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SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT Jawan Marakaz ______________________________________________________________________________ influence of his moral teachings. The Buddhist architecture consisted of stupas and monastic establishments which one finds in Julian near Taxila. Among visual arts, Persian miniatures and calligraphy can be seen in old buildings. Contemporary paintings still carry Persian influence under which calligraphy of the Holy Quran is taking the shape of a popular art. The Abasin Arts Council and the Department of Fine Arts of Peshawar University are promoting visual arts. Among the crafts , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa possesses a great wealth of skills particularly in carpet-making, textiles, embroidery, woodwork, pottery, metalwork, lacquer work, jewelry and all sorts of smallscale arms and ammunition which has developed in Darra Adamkhel in the tribal areas. NATURE: Its snow-capped peaks and lush green valleys of unusual beauty attract tourists and mountaineers from far and wide while its art and architecture is not less known than the historic Khyber Pass. Its climate varies from very cold (Chitral in the north) to very hot in places like D.I. Khan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shares various common characteristics with other areas and provinces of the country, but the consciousness for freedom, patriotism, courage and respect for Islamic values of its people make Khyber Pakhtunkhwa a distinct sociophysiographic region which could be divided into two zones: the northern one extending from the ranges of the Hindukush to the borders of Peshawar basin; and the southern one extending from Peshawar to the Derajat basin. The northern zone is cold and snowy in winters with heavy rainfall and pleasant summers with the exception of Peshawar basin which is hot in summer and cold in winter. It has moderate rainfall. The southern zone is raid with hot summers and relatively cold winters and scantly rainfall. RATIONALE: Narrated brief historical account proves only one thing that this area remained transitional in cultural formation due to which the culture that evolved formed pluralistic patterns, however, drawing heavily upon Gandhara and Muslim civilizations. Therefore, the folklores, the dresses, the ornaments and the tribal pattern of living - all represent the same tradition. The Province is the culturally diverse and idyllic comprising of valleys. It is the least developed part often referred to by the international tourists as Asia best kept secret. It is worth mentioning that in 1901, a province by the name of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, was created in place of the buffer zone and was divided into the 'settled' and 'tribal' areas. The tribal area in now being administrated by the Federal Government under a separate administrative system, while the 'settled' areas now constitute the Province which enjoys a lot of autonomy like all other provinces of the country. It covers an area of 74,521 sq. km. According to the 1998 census, the total population of province was approximately 14 million out of whom 52% are males and 48% females. The density of population is 187 per sq. km and the intercensal change of population is of about 30 percent. Ethnically the whole area has various languages ranging from Pushto, Hindko, Saraiky, Kowar, Kohistani, Kalasha and these languages are again spoken in different dialects. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa comprises of Peshawar, Kohat, D I Khan, Malakand, Hazara, Mardan, Bannu and Mansehra divisions. The economy of the province is based on its agriculture, industry and mineral resources partly augmented by the tourism. The resources are limited, but efforts are being made to boost its economy by tapping the available resources to the maximum extent. The province had a population of over 17735912 people during 1998 as per the census report (Annexed at F/A). The population growth rate is 3% per year. Therefore, to rationalize the population it has to be multiplied by 15 years 3% growth rate. The total
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SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT Jawan Marakaz ______________________________________________________________________________ number of estimated living souls comes out to be 25717072 with average increase of 532077 souls per year which comes out to be for 15 years 7981160. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK: The Youth Centers or Jawan Centers will be hosted at Divisional Headquarters level, through community driven development for career counseling, organizing sports events, youth mobilization, awareness campaigns etc. The Jawan Marakaz will be preferably established in the existing government buildings like universities and colleges. A sum of Rs. 70 million has been allocated for this purpose during 2013-14. AIMS: Organize and mobilize the youth for social activism and healthy activities Career counseling of the youth and students Hold cultural and recreational activities for the youth and help de-radicalize the youth Promote ethnic harmony and social cohesion Prepare youth as tour operators Train youth for the revival of local indigenous means of livelihood Sensitize youth on environment and climate change hazards Mobilize youth in times of disasters Mobilize youth for voluntary social welfare work Network the youth with national and international youth bodies COMPONENTS: Workshops Cultural events Walks Establishment of teaching and tuition facilities Holding of cultural festivals Cross cultural visits and exchange programmes Training and career counseling Talks and dialogues on local cable networks Youth dialogues with political and community leaders Youth interaction with government functionaries Tourist information centers Provide tourist guides Capacity Building in Electronic Office Training of youth in hotel management Gameslocal and the popular Socio-economic surveys of the area by the youth

OPERATIONS The local indigenous organization, senior citizens, key informants, youth of the locality have to be taken on board as the members of larger Jawan centers advisory board at the district, divisional and grass root level. They will suggest the details of the plan of action for implementing in their respective areas. The facts enumerated in the preceding paragraphs indicate that there are 25 districts each one of which has a college, sports stadium and university in some of them. Thus the issue of building may be shared with the Higher Education as well as Social Welfare Department for sparing their premises to utilization as Jawan Center having tentative allocation of Rs. 2.8 million per district for each youth center at head quarter of the respective district.

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SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT Jawan Marakaz ______________________________________________________________________________ There are twelve month in a calendar month thus an amount of Rs. 2,33,000.00 is available for each month of a year for the all the district Jawan Center during the current financial year 2013-14. The youth advisory boards may share among themselves the utilization of the amount which shall be made available through the respective Deputy Commissioners routing though the Commissioners of the concerned divisions. The District Account Officer may act as a Secretary with the Deputy Commissioner and District Sports Officer in the district for maintaining the drawl and disbursement of funds to the Jawan Center at the District Head Quarter level. The conceptual frame work outlined would be refined through trial and error process which is expected to evolve a transparent mechanism for enabling the youth to invest their energies in sustainable manner. This process of thinking, implementing and monitoring by the youth in consultation with the civil society member with public sector servants supporting them shall ensure that the youth dose not derail from there positive contribution towards their role in nation building. The district among themselves may evolve youth exchange action plans which may be bases on seasons, educational institutions, however its much more advisable to the advisory board in the district for the Jawan Center to pounder on this aspect. The Jawans have to be representative of all the strata of the society that implies that it would be comprising of both the formally educated as well as non-educated with special emphasis on the special people among youth to be part of the action plan of the Jawan Center.

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SPORTS, CULTURE, TOURISM AND YOUTH AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT Jawan Marakaz ______________________________________________________________________________ Annexure A DISTRICT WISE POPULATION AND PROPORTIONS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA IN RESPECT OF 1981 AND 1998 CENSUS
Population 1981 Districts Both sexes Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Abbottabad Bannu Battagram Buner Charsadda Chitral D.I.Khan Hangu Haripur Karak Kohat Kohistan Lakki Lower Dir Malakand Mansehra Mardan Nowshera Peshawar Shangla Swabi Swat Tank Upper Dir Torghar Source:- 1998 Distict Census Report of NWFP by Population Census Organization Islamabad 11061328 679328 434668 339119 265517 630811 208560 494432 182474 490104 249681 326617 465237 276118 404844 257797 727469 881465 566594 1084347 251546 625035 715938 141062 362565 Male 5761507 350460 227297 194518 135888 327881 107948 262843 90359 247356 125206 168193 265312 143287 205899 131867 368891 456845 298340 572126 130976 316897 374369 74456 184293 Female 5299821 328868 207371 144601 129629 302930 100612 231589 92115 242748 124475 158424 199925 132831 198945 125930 358578 424620 268254 512221 120570 308138 341569 66606 178272 Both sexes 17735912 880666 675667 307278 506048 1022364 318689 852995 314529 692228 430796 562644 472570 490025 717649 452291 1152839 1460100 874373 2019118 434563 1026804 1257602 238216 575858 Male 9084849 440718 349125 158563 253035 530724 162082 448990 154021 345561 211393 282844 261942 250336 355728 233556 571881 753442 455598 1061101 223748 516540 648008 124331 291582 Female 8651063 439948 326542 148715 253013 491640 156607 404005 160508 346667 219403 279800 210628 239689 361921 218735 580958 706658 418775 958017 210815 510264 609594 113885 284276 1981 100.00 6.14 3.93 3.07 2.40 5.70 1.89 4.47 1.65 4.43 2.26 2.95 4.21 2.50 3.66 2.33 6.58 7.97 5.12 9.80 2.27 5.65 6.47 1.28 3.28 1998 100.00 4.97 3.81 1.73 2.85 5.76 1.80 4.81 1.77 3.90 2.43 3.17 2.66 2.76 4.05 2.55 6.50 8.23 4.93 11.38 2.45 5.79 7.09 1.34 3.25 Population 1998 % Proportions

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