Chapter 2 - Basic Tools of Analytical Chemistry

Chapter 2
1. (a) 3 significant figures (b) 3 significant figures (c) 5 significant figures (d) 3 significant figures; note that this is 9.03 10-2 in scientific notation (e) 4 significant figures; note that this is 9.030 10-2 in scientific notation (f) 3 significant figures 2. (a) 0.894 (b) 0.893 (c) 0.894 (d) 0.900 (e) 0.0891 5. (0.2306 0.0813) g Ni 0.1493 g Ni 100 = 100 = 1.230 %w/w Ni 12.1374 g sample 12.1374 g sample

7. 256 mg of Cl- is 0.256 g Cl-, or 0.256 g Cl = 7.22 10 -3 mol Cl35.453 g Cl / mol Because 1 mol of BaCl2 contains 2 mol of Cl-, 7.22 10-3 mol Cl- is obtained from 3.61 103

mol BaCl2. The volume of solution containing this many moles of BaCl2 is

3.61 10-3 mol BaCl 2 1000 mL = 16.6 mL 0.217 M BaCl 2 L 9. A ppm is equivalent to mg/L; thus 0.28 mg Pb 1g 1 mol = 1.4 10-6 M Pb L 1000 mg 207.2 g Pb

Chapter 2 - Basic Tools of Analytical Chemistry

10. (a)

37.0 g HCl 1.18 g sol' n 1000 mL 1 mol = 12.0 M 2 mL L 36.461 g HCl 1.00 10 g sol' n

(b) To calculate the mass and volume of solution we need the result from part (a). To avoid an error due to rounding off we retain an extra significant figure; thus we will take the molarity to be 11.97 M.

0.315 moles HCl 1000 mL 1.18 g HCl = 31.1 g 11.97 M HCl L mL 0.315 moles HCl 1000 mL = 26.3 mL 11.97 M HCl L 11. 1.0 103 mL is equivalent to 1.0 L; thus
1.0 L 0.036 M NH 3 17.03 g NH3 1.00 x 10 2 g sol' n 28.0 g NH 3 mol = 2.4 mL 0.899 g NH 3

45.1 10 g 12. 100 = 1.80 10-5 %w/w 250.0 mL 45.1 g = 0.180 ppm 250.0 mL 45.1 g 1000 mL = 1.80 102 ppb 250.0 mL L 13. To obtain a concentration of 1.6 ppm F- we must add a sufficient amount of NaF such that we increase the concentration of F- by 1.4 ppm; thus 1.4 mg F- 41.99 mg NaF 3.785 gal = 11.7 12 mg NaF L L 19.00 mg F14. pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(6.92 10-6) = 5.160 [H3O+] = 10-pH = 10-8.923 = 1.19 10-9 M 15. (a) moles Mg2+ = 2 moles Mg2P2O7 (based on a conservation of mass) (b) moles HCl = 2 moles CaCO3 (based on a conservation of protons)

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Chapter 2 - Basic Tools of Analytical Chemistry (c) 2 moles Ag+ = moles NH3 (based on a conservation of electron pairs) (d) moles Fe2+ = 6 moles Cr2O72- (based on a conservation of electrons) 17. (a) 1.0 L of 0.1 M K+ requires 0.1 moles of K+, or 0.1 mol KCl; thus,
0.1 mol KCl 74.6 g KCl = 7.46 g KCl mol

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 7.5 g KCl in 1 L of distilled water. 1. 0 L of 1.0 102 mg K+/L requires 1.0 102 mg of K+; thus

1.0 102 mg K+

74.6 mg KCl = 191 mg KCl 39.1 mg K+

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 0.19 g of KCl in 1 L of distilled water. 1.0 L of 1.0% w/v K+ requires 10 g of K+; thus, 10 g K + 74.6 g KCl = 19.1 g KCl 39.1 g K +

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 19 g of KCl in 1 L of distilled water. (b) 1.0 L of 0.1 M K+ requires 0.1 moles of K+, or 0.05 mol K2SO4; thus,
0.05 mol K 2 SO4 174 g K 2SO 4 = 8.70 g K 2SO 4 mol

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 8.7 g K2SO4 in 1 L of distilled water. 1. 0 L of 1.0 102 mg K+/L requires 1.0 102 mg of K+; thus 1.0 102 mg K+ 174 mg K 2SO 4 = 223 mg K2SO 4 78.2 mg K +

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 0.22 g of K2SO4 in 1 L of distilled water. 1.0 L of 1.0% w/v K+ requires 10 g of K+; thus, 10 g K + 174 g K 2SO 4 = 22.3 g K 2SO 4 78.2 g K +

Chapter 2 - Basic Tools of Analytical Chemistry

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 22 g of K2SO4 in 1 L of distilled water. (c) 1.0 L of 0.1 M K+ requires 0.1 moles of K+, or 0.0333 mol K3Fe(CN)6; thus,
0.0333 mol K 3Fe(CN )6 329 g K 3 Fe(CN)6 = 11.0 g K 3Fe(CN)6 mol

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 11 g K3Fe(CN)6 in 1 L of distilled water. 1. 0 L of 1.0 102 mg K+/L requires 1.0 102 mg of K+; thus

1.0 x 102 mg K+

329 mg K3 Fe(CN)6 = 281 mg K3Fe(CN)6 117 mg K+

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 0.28 g of K3Fe(CN)6 in 1 L of distilled water. 1.0 L of 1.0% w/v K+ requires 10 g of K+; thus, 10 g K + 329 g K 3Fe(CN)6 = 28.1 g K 3Fe(CN )6 117 g K +

To prepare this solution dissolve approximately 28 g of K3Fe(CN)6 in 1 L of distilled water. 18. Solution A
0.100 M 10.00 mL = 4.00 10-3 M 250.0 mL

Solution B

4.00 10-3 M
1.00 10-3 M

25.00 mL = 1.00 10-3 M 100.0 mL

20.00 mL = 4.00 10-5 M 500.0 mL

Solution C

21. The moles of Cl- in 25.0 mL of 0.025 M NaCl and in 35.0 mL of 0.050 M BaCl2 are (0.025 M NaCl)(0.0250 L)(1 mol Cl-/mole NaCl) = 6.25 10-4 mol Cl(0.050 M BaCl2)(0.0350 L)(2 mol Cl-/mole BaCl2) = 3.50 10-3 mol ClThe total moles of NO3- on combining the two solutions, therefore, is 6.25 10-4 mol Cl- + 3.50 10-3 mol Cl- = 4.125 10-3 mol Cl-

Chapter 2 - Basic Tools of Analytical Chemistry

After combining the two solutions, the concentration of NO3- is 4.125 10-3 mol Cl-/(0.0250 L + 0.0350 L) = 0.069 M ClpCl- = -log(Cl-) = -log(0.069) = 1.16 22. (0.0844 M ethanol)(0.500 L/0.00500 L) = 8.44 M ethanol