Force on a current carrying wire

The force on a wire carrying a current in a magnetic field is just the sum of the forces on the individual charge carriers. total Force is the sum of forces currentcarrying wire x x x x x xB x x x x x x x x x x x x I due to moving charges

Magnetic force on a current carrying wire of length L in a perpendicular B field F B q I A

L L F= sum of forces on all charges = qvB since q=LA then F=LAvB since I = Finally
q = Av t

is the charge/volume

Many applications, currents produce forces Electric motors, loudspeakers

F = BIL

For angle between L and B F q I

The right hand rule B F F palm Right hand fingers B I thumb

F = BIL sin
B parallel to direction of wire, =0, F=0 B perpendicular to direction of wire =90o, F= BIL

q I

A transmission line carries a current of 100 A from east to west. The magnetic field is 0.05 mT in the northward direction. Find the force on a 100 m section of wire. What direction is the force?

Forces on a loop in a radial magnetic field

a. What direction is the force due to a B field directed radially outward in the plane of the loop? Downard

F = ILB
N

= 100(100)(0.05 x103 ) = 0.5N

Direction B I

W B

F is downward

S Looking from above

b. What happens when the current moves in the opposite direction? The force is in the opposite direction.- upward

Loudspeaker

Forces on a loop in a uniform B field

B field is uniform and in the plane of the current loop Find the forces acting on the wires in the loop. (a and b are the lengths) F2= 0 F3= BIb

Radial direction

F1= BIb out of page

into page

F4= 0

Review of Torque The current loop in a B field generates a torque around the center proportional to the area of the loop Side view The two forces generate a torque around the center

Torque= Force x perpendicular distance

= Fd
F1=F2=BIb

a a =F1( )+F2 ( ) 2 2 =BIba

=BIA
A=axb=area of loop counterclockwise

Loop makes an angle with B

Normal to the loop plane

= BIA sin
B x Bx = BIA = BIAsin x B

= BIA sin

= 0

The torque tilts the loop so the normal is parallel to B

Loop with N turns of wire

N turns of wire total current =NI

A 3A current loop with 100 turn and an area of 0.2 m2 makes an angle of 30o with a magnetic field of 0.3T.a) Find the torque exerted on the coil. b) What is the direction of rotation? c) What happens if the current is reversed in the coil? 30o B

= NBIA sin
Torque increases with N, B, I and A Torque is maximum when =90o,when the loop is parallel to the field Torque is zero when =0 when loop is perpendicular to the field

=60o

a) b) c)

= NBIA sin
= 100(0.3)(3.0)(0.2)sin60 = 1.6 x101Nm
counter clockwise direction the torque will have the same magnitude but in the opposite (clockwise) direction,

Electric motor
A current loop in a magnetic field produces a torque Problem A dc current does not produce complete rotation B X

Solution with direct current source is to use a commutator. Split-ring commutator reverses the current direction when =0.

dc current only rotates coil until it is perpendicular to the field

X =0