AMR Dimesioning Guidelines

Ericssonwide Internal
Adaptive Multi Rate AMR Dimensioning Principles
EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D
2004-01-22
AMR Dimensioning Principles
Outline
Network Characteristics, -Limitations Voice Quality Targets AMR Penetration Simulated capacities Calculation Examples Summary
2004-01-22
Important Disclaimer
This guideline should only be used for tender purposes. If this guideline is used to dimension an existing network, one must be aware of the limitation of the methodology. The capacity and quality examples in this presentation have been produced by means of simulation studies. This means that the results are idealized. Absolute figures should not be used directly without taking real-network limitations into account.
2004-01-22
Network limitations
-Different reasons for limited capacity

AMR x X X Limit Noise Interference Blocking Hardware Symptom Bad SQI, SS drops Bad SQI, Q drops N/A 2003-2004 Solution SWPB, TCC, more sites, ... Optim., features, more sites CHAT, more sites, HR
Bad GOS (time congt) More TRX, HR
Most common limitation is Noise, Hardware and local interference problems
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Dimensioning Strategies
Dependent on limitation, different means to improve capacity should be considered. It is however always true that: (Postulates)
P1: Always minimize number of sites i.e. it is better to have 20 sites with xFR* and more TRX, than 25 sites with AHR* and fewer TRX, since sites are expensive to find, to build, to maintain, to rent, to cool, to power P2: After P1, always use AHR* when quality can be maintained *) i.e. AHR* gives benefits of lower cost (fewer TRX) and/or improved GOS
*(FR=Full Rate, AHR= AMR Half Rate)

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Quality measures in R/D (simulations)

95% of subscribers shall have < 1% FER Target that Ericsson traditionally has used internally when developing new features and methodology This can be considered the toughest criteria in the business, but is it too tough? Criteria that others have presented at conferences, tenders etc: 80% of subscribers shall have < 2% FER (other GSM vendors) 90% of subscribers shall have < 2.5% FER (operators) 95% of subscribers shall have < 4.2% FER (other GSM vendors)
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Standardized Capacity/Quality Definition 1/2

As there are infinite number of combinations of quality targets, Ericsson has for tender/offer purposes decided to define two groups of targets: Cost-focused Quality (CfQ): Typically existing GSM-operators Cost-focused Capacity (CfC): Typically operators launching GSM 90-95% of subscribers must have < Y% FER FER CfCapacity FER CfQuality CfQuality CfCapacity EFR 2.0 EFR 1.0 1.0 2.0 AFR 1.7 AFR 1.0 1.0 1.7 AHR 0.55 AHR 0.5 0.5 0.55
Mixing is not allowed, a network is either CFQ or CFC
The operator must choose which of these two groups to be!

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Standardized Capacity/Quality Definition 2/2

No networks are equal. Actual capacity depends on how long the network has been optimized, if sites can be built in optimum positions, how well coverage is achieved, and more. Therefore a factor needs to be introduced to compensate: Achieved capacity = Simulated Capacity x Network Coefficient Simulations Simulations Best Bestnetworks networks World Worldaverage average Bad Badcell cellplan plan Worst Worstnetworks networks
perfect perfectnw nw
Network NetworkCoefficient Coefficient 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2
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R F A
Sites/city
ov era ge
EFR
Ne ed ed
for c
R F E
Stay on AHR
TRX/cell
A HR
Cell capacity limit:

AHR EFR AHR CfQ CfC

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AFR
E/sqkm
Real Radio Network capacity depends heavily on:

BCCH reuse plan TCH reuse plan service quality target and speech codec types Channel type Channel Activity Factor Frequency Hopping Antenna elevation and grid Network quality target Antenna types Angular spreads Microcell usage Coverage holes Traffic distribution Service distribution Locating performance Measurement quality Clutter type Mobile speeds Indoor/outdoor usage Signaling capacity/performance ..and much much more!
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Simulation results, capacity graphs (example)

Example graph from simulations: EFR 24 Frequencies, 1% FER target
No Features or + MAIO = R9 + IRC = R10
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Tender dimensioning procedure 1/3

The operator decides: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. E/sqkm [E], can be given in steps (one value per year) Available Spectrum (one link) [MHz] Quality target [CfC or CfQ] Grade of Service [%] System requirement [% satisfied users] EFR penetration [%], can be given in steps (one value per year)
All these factors must be a part of the tender and also be equal for all vendors in the selection process.
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Calculate: Max cell size (based on propagation loss and clutter type) [sqkm] Max generated E per cell, i.e. based purely on signal strength, what is the maximum amount of traffic that can be generated by the subscribers [Egmax] Estimate Network Coefficient (slide 8) [factor]
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Choose Ericsson release (R10, R11, etc.) If required capacity/cell is higher than simulated capacity*Network coefficient, more sites need to be built to fulfil the E/sq.km demand. Alternatively, another codec needs to be used, or another quality target. This selection needs to be operator driven. If required capacity / cell is lower than that of simulated capacity * Network coefficient for AMR HR at a given quality, AMR HR should be used, to reduce TRX need.
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Estimating traffic to be carried on BCCH TRX

The simulations only estimates the traffic on the hopping channel group, therefore the traffic on the BCCH TRX have to be added. The traffic on the BCCH TRX should be estimated depending on the traffic in the hopping channel group as follows: Traffic on hopping CHGR <5 Erlang 5-10 Erlang 10-15 Erlang 15-20 Erlang Estimated traffic on BCCH TRX at tight BCCH reuse (12-14) 1 Erlang 2 Erlang 3 Erlang 4 Erlang
The estimated traffic on BCCH TRX should not exceed the available number of TCHs on the BCCH TRX when BCCH, SDCCH and if used PDCHs are considered.
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Ex. 1: How to calculate required number of cells

Assumptions, Example 1 Traffic: 10 E/sq.km Area: 20 sq.km Three sector sites Available Spectrum: 2 x 7.2 MHz Quality target: CfQ 95 % satisfied users target Grade of Service: 2% blocking AMR (HR) penetration: 0% ( only EFR)
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Ex 1: Calculation
Example 1 Calculation: R Total traffic: 200 E Calculated coverage limit R: 1.3 km (example) Required number of cells due to coverage: 19 cells ( Area (3x 3 x R2 8) ) Determine BCCH reuse: 12 (example) From simulations, R9: Load per cell at interference limit, given 24 frequencies 18 Erlang See slide 32 point A. Assign Network Coefficient: 0.4 18*0.4=7.2 Erlang/cell Assume BCCH traffic: 2 Erlang (consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) Add BCCH traffic: 7.2 + 2 = 9.2 E/cell = possible cell load Required number of cells due to interference limit: 22 cells - INTERFERENCE LIMITED DEPLOYMENT! TRX/cell: 1 (BCCH) + TRXTCH (Erlang B on 7.2 E 2% GoS = 13 channels) 1 + 1.6 TRX / cell = 2.6 TRX / cell
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Ex. 2: How to compare different quality targets for a given number of sites
Assumptions, Example 2 Traffic: 22 E/sq.km Area: 25 sq.km No of existing cells: 40 Three sector sites Available Spectrum: 2 x 7.2 MHz Quality target: CfC, CfQ 95 % satisfied users target Grade of Service: 2% blocking AMR (HR) penetration: 50%
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Ex 2: Calculation
Example 2 Calculation: Total traffic: 550 E Determine BCCH reuse: 12 (example) From simulations, R10 (MAIO + IRC) : Load per cell at interference limit, given 24 frequencies and 50% AMR HR usage frequencies CfC=24 E/cell; CfQ = 18 E/cell. See Slide 41 point B and slide 39 point C. Assign Network Coefficient: 0.5 40*0.5= 12 E / cell (CfC), 9 E/cell (CfQ) Assume BCCH traffic: 3 Erlang (est. Consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) 2 Erlang (est. Consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) Add BCCH traffic: 12 + 4 = 16 E/cell (CfC) or 9 + 2 = 11 E / cell (CfQ) Required number of cells due to interference limit: 35 cells (CfC) or 50 cells (CfQ) - INTERFERENCE LIMITED DEPLOYMENT With AMR HR / EFR. With CfC quality, the existing number of sites (40) is enough!
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Ex 2: Calculation
This is a way of estimating number of TRX required in mixed scenarios, see Appendix B. Example 2 Calculation: # TRX for CfC case: 16 Erlang / cell 4 Erlang (BCCH)+ 6 Erlang (HR) + 6 Erlang (FR) 6 Erlang (HR) + 6 Erlang (FR) 12 Erlang 19 channels (2% GoS, Erlang B) #TCH/F = # channels x (EFR penetration + 0.5 x AMR HR penetration)=19 (0.5 + 0.5*0.5 )= = 15 timeslots = 1.9 TRX:s Add BCCH TRX 2.9 TRX / cell
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Ex. 3: How to determine required codec for deployment scenario, CfQ

Assumptions, Example 3 Traffic: 35 E/sq.km No of existing cells: 30 Three sector sites Area: 20 sq.km Available Spectrum: 2 x 7.2 MHz Quality target: CfQ 95 % satisfied users target Grade of Service: 2% blocking AMR (HR) penetration: N/A
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Ex 3: Calculation
Example 3 Calculation: R Total traffic: 700 E Calculated coverage limit R: 1.2 km (example) Required number of cells due to coverage: 22 cells ( Area (3x 3 xR2 8)) Determine BCCH reuse: 12 (example) From simulations, R10 (IRC): Traffic on hopping channel group at interference limit, 24 freq: EFR =22.5 E/cell, see slide 32 point D, AMR HR = 20.5 E/cell, see slide 39 point E AMR FR =44 E / cell , see slide 33 point F Network Coefficient: 0.5 11.25 E/cell (EFR) 10.25 E/cell (AMR HR) 22 E/cell AMR FR) Assume BCCH traffic: 3 Erlang (EFR /AMR HR) 4 Erlang (AMR FR) (consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) Add BCCH traffic: EFR =14.25 E/cell AMR HR = 13.25 E/cell AMR FR =26 E / cell No of cells due to interference limit: 50 cells EFR 53 cells AMR HR 27 cells AMR FR Only AMR FR will work with existing number of cells (30). These are enough from a coverage point of view as well!
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Ex. 4: Dimensioning for green-fielder, Urban area

Assumptions, Example 4 Traffic: 55 E/sq.km Area: 10 sq.km Available Spectrum: 2 x 7.2 MHz Three sector sites Quality target: CfC 95 % satisfied users target Grade of Service: 2% blocking AMR (HR or FR) penetration: 100%
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Ex 4: Calculation
R Example 4 Calculation: Total traffic: 550 E Calculated coverage limit R: 1.1 km (example) Required number of cells due to coverage: 13 cells ( Area (3x 3 xR2 8)) Determine BCCH reuse: 12 (example) From simulations, R10 (IRC): Load per cell at interference limit, given 24 frequencies: AMR HR = 29 E/cell see slide 41 point G AMR FR = 51 E / cell see slide 37 point H Network Coefficient: 0.5 14.5 E/cell (AMR HR) 21.25 E/cell AMR FR) Assume BCCH traffic: 3 Erlang (AMR HR) 4 Erlang (AMR FR) (consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) Add BCCH traffic: AMR HR = 17.5 E/cell AMR FR = 25.25 E / cell No of cells due to interference limit: 32 cells AMR HR 22 cells AMR FR In Urban areas with high traffic intensity, AMR FR will minimize the number of cells!
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Ex. 5: Dimensioning for green-fielder, Rural area

Assumptions, Example 5 Traffic: 5 E/sq.km Area: 75 sq.km Available Spectrum: 2 x 7.2 MHz Three sector cells Quality target: CfC 95 % satisfied users target Grade of Service: 2% blocking AMR (HR or FR) penetration: 100%
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Ex 5: Calculation
Example 5 Calculation:
R Total traffic: 375 E Calculated coverage limit R: 2.3 km (example) Required number of cells due to coverage: 22 cells ( Area (3x 3 x R 2 8 ) ) Determine BCCH reuse: 12 (example) From simulations, R10 (IRC): Load per cell at interference limit, given 24 frequencies: AMR HR = 29 E/cell see slide 41 point G ; AMR FR = 51 E / cell see slide 37 point H Network Coefficient: 0.5 14.5 E/cell (AMR HR) 21.25 E/cell AMR FR) Add BCCH traffic: AMR HR = 17.5 E/cell AMR FR = 25.25 E / cell No of cells due to interference limit: 22 cells AMR HR 15 cells AMR FR No of cells due to coverage: 22 cells Traffic per cell: 375/22=17 Erlang Assume BCCH traffic: 3 Erlang (consider GPRS traffic + SDCCH/CCCH/BCCH channels) Traffic on hopping channel group: 14 Erlang TRXs per hopping channel group: 2.7 (AMR FR), 1.3 (AMR HR) TRXs per cell: 3.7(AMR FR), 2.3 (AMR HR)
In rural areas with low traffic intensity, AMR HR will minimize the number of TRXs!
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Summary
Simulation-based calculations must be adapted to real-network quality. The quality of real deployments differ very much. Use Network Coefficient One important thing when communicating capacity to operators is that assumptions are well specified. This presentation discuss, e.g., two different qualities. With specified assumptions, the capacity estimates will be equally improved. System targets is also extremely important. Mainly interference limited networks have been considered (1/1). In HW- limited networks (sparse reuse, large spectrum), AMR HR will be the optimum choice! When mixing AHR and EFR in interference limited networks, the subscribers can perceive the newer mobiles, the AHR-capable, to have worse voice quality than EFR.
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Appendix A, Capacity curves

CfQ
AFR: FER = 1.0 % EFR: FER = 1.0 % AHR. FER = 0.5 %
CfC
AFR: FER = 1.7 % EFR: FER = 2.0 % AHR. FER = 0.55 % The curves No Features and MAIO in the graphs corresponds to R9 The curves IRC and MAIO + IRC in the graphs corresponds to R10.
The capacity figures corresponds to 95 % satisfied users if nothing else is explicitly stated
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Simulated scenarios
R9.1 EFRCfQ, FER=1.0% AFRCFQ, FER=1.0% AHRFER=0.5% EFRCfC, FER=2.0% AFRCfC, FER=1.7% AHRFER=0.5% R9.1 (MAIO) R10 (IRC) R10 (IRC+MAIO)
5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5 5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5
5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5 5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5
5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5 5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5
5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5 5/7.5/10 5/7.5 5/7.5
5(=5+5)MHz12 hopping freqs, 7.5 MHz24, 10 MHz32 AHR, mix with EFR 0100%
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CfQ, 12 freqs, EFR
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CfQ, 12 freqs, AFR
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CfQ, 24 freqs, EFR
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CfQ, 24 freqs, AFR
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CfC, 12 freqs, EFR
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CfC, 12 freqs, AFR
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CfC, 24 freqs, EFR
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CfC, 24 freqs, AFR
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CfQ, 12 freqs, AHR
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CfQ, 24 freqs, AHR
E C
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CfC, 12 freqs, AHR
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CfC, 24 freqs, AHR

G
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Appendix B, Erlang Calculation with mixed FR/HR traffic

A reasonable approximation (shown by simulations) is obtained by calculating the capacity for FR only and HR only separately, and interpolating the result depending on the mix. For an example and comparison, see next slide.
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Example from simulations
Exact multi-Erlang calculation (solid with stars, blue) vs. straight line approximation (dashed, red) obtained by calculating the end points (pure HR capacity and pure FR capacity) using the Erlang loss formula and connecting them by a straight line.
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AMR Dimesioning Guidelines

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Ericssonwide Internal

Adaptive Multi Rate AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

-Different reasons for limited capacity

Bad GOS (time congt) More TRX, HR

Most common limitation is Noise, Hardware and local interference problems

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

*(FR=Full Rate, AHR= AMR Half Rate)

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Quality measures in R/D (simulations)

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Standardized Capacity/Quality Definition 1/2

Mixing is not allowed, a network is either CFQ or CFC

The operator must choose which of these two groups to be!

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Standardized Capacity/Quality Definition 2/2

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Cell capacity limit:

AHR EFR AHR CfQ CfC

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Real Radio Network capacity depends heavily on:

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Simulation results, capacity graphs (example)

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Tender dimensioning procedure 1/3

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Tender dimensioning procedure 2/3

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Tender dimensioning procedure 3/3

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Estimating traffic to be carried on BCCH TRX

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Ex. 1: How to calculate required number of cells

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Ex. 3: How to determine required codec for deployment scenario, CfQ

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Ex. 4: Dimensioning for green-fielder, Urban area

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D

AMR Dimensioning Principles

AMR Dimensioning Principles

Ex. 5: Dimensioning for green-fielder, Rural area

EAB/RNG-03:0029 Uen Rev D