Heart & Blood Vessels Laboratory Guide

For: 2nd year medical student, 1st year dentist student and 1st Year graduate student in Microscopic Anatomy subject By: Associate professor: Porntip Boonruangsri Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, KKU

Laboratory Objectives: After learning, the students were able to

1. Identify the basic components of the heart wall and blood vessels
2. Identify the heart wall layers and heart valve 3. Identify Purkinje fibers in subendocardium

4. Identify the difference characteristics of the vein and artery; including vasa vasorum notice
5. Compare the characteristic of the large artery, medium artery, arteriole and capillary 6. Compare the characteristic of the large vein, medium vein and venule

Notice:
1. E = Epidermis 2.PD = Papillary dermis 3. BV = Blood vessels

1.Arteriole, capillary and venule Slide: Box. A No.71 (H5.15) Lip, monkey, vertical sec. :Box. B. No.192 (H10.412) Paccinian corpuscle

Fig 1.1 Skin

:Box. B.No.191 (H.10.1) Touch corpuscle, finger tip

Fig 1.2 Skin circulation

Fig 1.3 Arteriole, capillary and venule A = arteriole C = capillary

PCV = postcapillary venule

CV = collecting venule MV = muscular venule

Fig.1.4 Arteriole
Notice :
1. The small arteriole has 3-5 endothelial cells in tunica intima . 2. It has smooth muscle in the tunic 3-5 layers or more in large arteriole. 3. Its tunic can not be markedly divided except in large arteriole.

Notice:
1. It has 1-2 endothelial cells (E) on the

basal lamina.

Fig. 1.5 Capillary

2. The pericyte cells (P) wraps around the vessels.

Fig 1.6 Venule Notice:

1. The venule (V) has large lumen and thin wall. 2. Its endothelial cell are elongated and enclosed by connective tissue. 3. They have no smooth muscle in the wall.

2. Arteriole and venule in portal triad of the liver

Slide : Box. A No.100 (H5.71) Liver, human

: Box. B. No.101 (H5.73) Liver, phagocytosis

Fig 2.1 Diagram of liver lobule

Notice:
1. The portal tract or portal triad (T) are positioned at the angles of the hexagon. 2. The portal triad contains three main structures which are arteriole, bile duct and venule.

Fig.2.2 Arteriole (A), Bile duct (B) and Terminal portal venule (PV) in portal triad (T) (V = Terminal hepatic venule or central vein, C = Collagenous tissue)

3.Hepatic sinusoid
Slide: Box.A No. 100 (H5.71) Liver, human Box B. No.101 (H5.73) Liver, glycogen stain Box. B.No.102 (H.5.735) Liver rabbit, glycogen stain

S
S S S Fig. 3.1 Sinusoid (S) Fig. 3.2 Kupffer cell (K) in Sinusoid (S) E = endothelial cell

4. Medium or muscular artery

Slide: Box. A No. 128 (H8.23)

Artery, vein, nerve

MA = Medium artery

MV = Medium vein

Fig.4.1 Artery, vein and nerve

Notice:

Fig. 4.2 Muscular artery (medium artery)

1. The tunic are markedly divided. 2. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle approximately 25-40 layers. 3.The internal and external elastic laminae (IEL and EEL) are markedly veiwed.

V = Medium vein

Fig.4.3 Medium vein

Fig.4.4: Medium vein

Notice: 1. It has irregular shape and large lumen 2. The tunic can not be markedly divided. 3. The tunic consists of mainly connective tissue.

4. The smooth muscle could be found in the tunica media but less than medium artery.

5. Artery, vein and nerve (comparision) Slide: Box. B No. 126 (H8.23) Artery, vein, nerve

Fig.5. Artery, vein and nerve

6. Large or elastic artery Slide: Box. B No. 124 (H8.21) Aorta, human X.S

Notice:
= Tunica intima = Tunica media 1. The tunic can not be markedly divided.

2. The internal and external elastic laminae are not markedly viewed. 3. The tunica media consists of mainly elastic fibers.

= Tunica adventitia

Fig. 6.1 Large artery (elastic artery)

elastic fibers

Fig. 6.2: Elastic artery

7. Large vein
Slide: Box. B No. 128 (H8.32)

Vena cava X.S

7. Large vein
Slide: Box. B No. 128 (H8.32) Vena cava X.S
Notice:
1. The tunica intima and media are not well developed. 2. The tunica adventitia consists of mainly smooth muscle.

Fig.7.1 Large vein

SM SM

Fig 7.2 Large vein (long section) SM = Smooth muscle

7. Heart
Slide: Box. B No. 120 (H8.11) Heart, human, muscle and pericardium Box. B No.122 (H.8.123) Heart, endocardium, Purkinje fibers

Box. B. No.123 (H8.16) Semilunar valve, L.S. aorta

7. Heart

Slide: Box. B No. 120 (H8.11) Heart, human, muscle and pericardium Box. B No.122 (H.8.123) Heart, endocardium, Purkinje fibers

Box. B. No.123 (H8.16) Semilunar valve, L.S. aorta Fig. 8.1 Heart walls ( EN = Endocardium, M = Myocardium, EP = Epicardium)

= Mesothelial lining

= Adipose tissue

EP

M Fig. 8.2 Epicardium Notice: 1. The epicardium is thick and lying straight on the myocardium. 2. It consists of mainly adipose tissue..

EN =Endocardium

Notice:
1. Purkinje myocytes are large cells with abundant glycogen (G), sparse myofilaments (MF), and extensive gap junction site (arrows)
=Myocardium

2. It has prominent nucleolus and may be 1-2 nuclei.

Fig. 8.3 Endocardium and Purkinje fibers

E = Endocardium E = Endocardium

= Subendo cardial layer

= Fibroelastic supporting layers F = Lamina fibrosa

S = Valve skeleton

Fig. 8.4 Heart valve

Fig. 8.5 : Heart Valve

C = Collagen
CT = Chordae tendinae A = Atrium, V = Ventricle En = Endocardium E = Endothelium EL = Elastic fibers