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Abstract
Investigation of electrical performance 30 kW microturbine during dynamics condition could be very importance.
The investigation was operated under grid connected mode. In this mode, several tests were conducted with
different set points; ramp up, ramp down, start up, shut down and automatic restart. The result from these tests
can be used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of microturbine, create models that could be used in simulation
studies and it will be incorporated into current study of control distributed generation, particularly study of
virtual power plant and microgrids concept.
Keywords: microturbine, ramp up, ramp down, start up, shut down, automatic restart
I.Introduction
Distributed Generation (DG) are expected to play an increasingly significant role in power
generation in coming years. Microturbine is a part of new technology of DG. It may offer one of the
best short-term distributed power production options because of their simplicity and no major
technological breakthroughs are required for their deployment. However with increasing use of
microturbine technology in power system distribution, investigation of performance and behavior of
microturbine is needed to manage the affect on system control, power quality and protection.
The behavior and performance of microturbine was investigated under grid connected mode. In
this mode, several tests were running by set points changed up and down. Result data was recorded
by computer control centre and measurement device data logger.
This paper focused on microturbine performance at electrical point of view, during several operating
dynamic conditions; ramp up, ramp down, start up, shut down and automatic restart. In addition,
corelation between electrical parameters performance with speed (mechanical) and turbine temperature
were presented also.
Hz
In figure 5, the frequency fluctuated in range from 49.97 Hz (min) to 50.03 Hz (max). Similiarly the
voltage profile output moved around 229 V (min) to 237 V (max). In these range levels, variation of
voltage and frequency were within the normal accepted range.
55 A
10 A
5A
10 seconds
The behavior of transinet current is also recorded with time length 10 seconds. During start up
operation, the amplitude of transient current at each phase was 5–10 A, and it was increasing to 55 A
whilst the power output was ramping up (see figure 6).
III. 2. The dynamic performance of electrical parameters during ramp down and ramp up.
The ramp down and ramp up were performed to measure the response of transition time during
setting of power output command. Ramp down sequences were devided into four areas (see figure 7).
At area 1, power output command was adjusted from full power output down to 20 kW power output.
Ramping down power output command from 20 kW to 15 kW power output was applied for area 2. At
area 3, 15 kW power output command was decreased to 10 kW. At area 4 automatic restart was
accured, because the microturbine was difficult for running stable at 10 kW power output. However, at
area 4 the ramping down sequence was recorded from 10 kW power output down to (minus) -0.42 kW.
It indicated that the microturbine absorbed active power from the grid for cooling down sequence.
Figure 7. Ramp down sequences
In table 1, transition time of each ramp down area was calculated. At area 2 and 3, the power output
command was changing circa 5 kW ,and the transition time was consistent at 3.86 and 4.12 sec/kW.
When table 2 at area 2 is compared with table 1 particularly at area 2 and 3, the transition times are
nearly consistent (3.65 - 3.86 – 4.12 sec/kW). Because of the amount power output changing is circa 5
kW. Likewise the result of transition time at area 4 in table 1 and at area 3 in table 2 is not far different
at 2.18 and 2.36 sec/kW (with amount power changing output between 9 – 10 kW).
50 A
20 A
15 A
Figure 18. Turbine speed and power output during cold start up to full power output
Before start up operation the microturbine temperatur was recorded 53.9 degrees celcius. And
after 70 seconds start up operation, the turbine temperatur increased sharply to 679.4 degrees celcius.
When the power output was established at full power operation, the turbine rotation stabilized at a
higher speed (circa 96.000 rpm) and turbine exhaust temperatur settled at around 593 degrees celcius
(see figure 19 below).
o
Watt C
IV. Conclusion
1. The microturbine was able to operate on grid connected mode and follow the dynamic operation.
During the test, performance of frequency (f), voltage (V) and power factor (PF) are stable.
2. During start up operation, the elapsed time to reach maximum temperatur is faster than elapsed
time to reach peak electrical power output. (70 seconds to reach 680 degrees celcius and 199 seconds
to reach peak power output).
3.During continuing test, start up operation needs around 3 minutes 20 seconds, automatic restart 5-6
minutes (until export 15-30 kW) and 10 minutes 30 seconds for shutdown operation.
4. When the microturbine was ramped down/up circa 5 kW, the value of transition time (sec/kW) is
nearly consistent (the rate was about 3.65 – 4.12 seconds per kW). And for ramping down/up 9-10
kW, the rate was about 2.18 – 2.36 seconds per kW).
5.Future investigation should be continued, particulary when the microturbine will be supplied with
better fuel gas quality.
V. Acknowledgements
The autors would like to thank the Institute Solare Energieversorgungtechnik e.V in Kassel,Hanau and
Eichhof for supporting and facilites of this work. This research was also part of PhD dissertation for
chapter three.
VI. References
[1]. Capstone. May,2003. Microturbine what they are and how they’re used.US DOE DER
road shows.p13
[2]. Yinger,Robert.J., July,2001. Behavior of capstone and honeywell microturbine generators
during load changes. California Energy Commission.p3