APPCBGIS

APPCB GIS
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING - OPTIMIUM RESOURCE UTILISATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR MULTI-SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT Consultants
Dr. Subba Rao Pavuluri Managing Director, (IN-RIMT) Mr. A. Lakshmi Kumar Environmental Engineer (IN-RIMT)

APPCB
Sri T. Chatterjee, Member Secretary, APPCB Sri B. Murali Krishna, Addl. Sec., APPCB Dr. K.V. Ramani, JCES, APPCB Sri A.Ramchand Sr.EE, APPCB

1. INTRODUCTION The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) initiated the development of districts based on environmental information system and action plans as part of the A.P. Vision 2020 exercise. The principal objective of the proposed GIS project is to provide support to the APPCB and the stake holders of A.P. Government in designing a strategy and implementation mechanism to reduce overall burden of pollution associated with the exposure to water, Air and soil pollution. The proposed work will contribute to develop baseline data and existing environmental conditions to the GIS database being developed by the APPCB for each district. This will help the APPCB and other stake holder departments in the formulation of its action plans as well as long term strategies to address the environmental priorities. The other objectives are to put the burden of pollution due to industries, automobile and Indoor combustion in a broader context of overall damage to quality of human life caused by water, air and soil pollution. Such an analysis will assist the government to identify the strategy and priority that should be given to different kinds of pollution from industrial, agriculture, vehicular, and domestic pollution with an ultimate goal of devising an overall strategy for environmental management for each district. In order to achieve these objectives this study will broadly assess the links between the pollution indicators and the indicators of other stake holders. The established relations will then the used to demarcate the geographical area of each of the district into developmental zones based on sensitivity. programmes of the stake holder departments.
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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The district shall be demarcated into

environmental zones for strategic planning for formalising their implementation

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CLEAN, GREEN ANDHRA PRADESH: A VISION FOR 2020 From Polluted, unhealthy cities and villages environment To in Clean and green cities, villages and industrial areas Conservation of natural resources made an integral part of planning, implementation and monitoring Area-based standards set consultation with stakeholders in

Unplanned/Unsystematic utilisation of natural resources Rigid, unrealistic standards set in isolation Weak, centralised enforcement monitoring, and

Decentralised monitoring and enforcement, with active participation of stakeholders Enhanced investments, advantage environment provides attracts economic

Degraded environment handicap to development

While encouraging investment in all sectors, APPCB will ensure that development takes place in a planned and environmentally sustainable way. The state will need to adopt a system of environmental management that incorporates the following elements: Conducting an environmental resources planning study to create an integrated plan for conserving and utilising the environmental resources of the entire state. Internalising environmental considerations in planning and policy making. Creating local standards for each zone based on its carrying capacity. Creating market based enforcement mechanisms Decentralising the monitoring of environmental compliance through the empowerment of local committees and participation of people. 1.1. Environmental resource planning A major cause of environmental degradation in Andhra Pradesh today is the lack of integrated planning in the utilisation of environmental resources. Often, departments, municipalities, local authorities and industries use environmental resources according to
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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the priorities of their individual sectors, without much regard to the overall needs of the state or the sustainable use of its resources. To proactively manage environmental resources, environmental resource planning will have to be made a core component of policy making in the state. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT: A NEW PARADIGM From To Lack of integrated Integrated environmental resources planning: environmental planning (e.g. State creates an integrated plan for conserving policies do not always and utilising environmental resources and internalise environmental determines the carrying capacity of each considerations) individual region. Policy makers use the resources plan and internalise it in their policies/projects Development in a region takes Area-based standards based on carrying place with scant regard to the capacity of each zone carrying capacity of the region No stakeholder involvement in setting environmental standards Compliance monitoring is centralised and enforcement mechanism is not market-based i.e., not based on incentives All primary stakeholders involved in setting standards Local committees/community empowered to monitor compliance with standards. Marketbased regulation is used as enforcement mechanism.

Environmental resource planning involves the framing of an integrated blueprint for the planned use of the states natural resources. Two components of this approach are land use zoning and carrying capacity studies. Land use zoning will help to locate industries according to the existing pollution load and carrying capacity of an area. Carrying capacity studies, on the other hand, are used to determine the supporting or assimilative capacity of a zone, i.e. the level of air, water, and/or soil pollution it can bear. This must be done for each individual developmental zone (eg. a watershed or an airshed). 1.2. Environmental considerations as a part of policy making To truly benefit from environmental resource planning, the resource planning needs to be explicitly considered and internalised by all agencies, primarily government bodies and departments, whose functioning involves the use of environmental resources.
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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To ensure effective planning, environment units will be set up in each department. The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) will train personnel in these cells to assess the environmental impact of the works and plans of their departments. policies are in line with overall policy of integrated development of natural resources. A co-ordinating body will ensure that the plans, policies, projects and programmes of the concerned departments are based on environmental ground realities. 1.3. Decentralised monitoring of compliance Decision making will be decentralized by empowering local stakeholder committees comprising local non-governmental organisations, agriculturists, industrialists, local government and APPCB officials to monitor and enforce environmental guidelines and local standards. Where national and state level guidelines conflict with local environmental compulsions, these bodies can recommend amendments for consideration at higher policy making levels. Such amendments, if approved, can be made applicable to the concerned micro-watersheds or local zone. The execution and monitoring of environmental policy will also be entrusted to local bodies. Decentralising the monitoring process will make control more effective, less expensive and more participatory. It will also improve the interface between polluters and affected parties. Wherever projects that have an impact on the environment (eg. irrigation, agriculture, industry, urban development etc.) are proposed, the early involvement of local communities and NGOs will be necessary to resolve potential conflict. NGOs and private environmental consultants can also be brought in to conduct regular environmental audits of industries and award environmental audit certificates to reduce the monitoring burden of APPCB. 1.4. GIS project on environmental zoning The objective of this GIS project is to comprehend the total environmental and non-environmental resource utilisation in the district and develop a database of the state of environmental quality of the natural resources according to their resources boundaries (airshed, watershed) and develop a categorisation of the quality according to their stresses and degradation. Based on the established database of the districts
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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This

ensures that environmental management is internalised in all areas and that department

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environmental quality, local environmental standards shall be setup in consultation with the local non-governmental organizations, agriculturists, industrialists, consultants and leading environmentalists. 1.5. GIS platform and web based GIS GIS platform and web based GIS giving the information about the environmental resources becomes the tool for disseminating the information about environmental quality to all the stake holder departments and their environmental action groups to elucidate data from this database and asses the environmental impacts of works and plans of their departments. This will help all government agencies, bodies and departments, whose functioning involves the use of environmental resources to ensure that environmental management is internalized in all areas and that department policies are inline with overall policy. The web based GIS would also help all the local groups, industrialists and environmental associations to have a ready access to the environmental information for their day to day involvement and participation in local environmental compliance. Such an integrated environmental planning to pro-actively manage environmental resources, would arrest further degradation of quality of environmental resources. would ensure development in a planned and environmentally sustainable way. Such a planned development would aim at achieving the objective of a clean and green Andhra Pradesh. In order to achieve the above objectives, APPCB with the help of World Bank have proposed this project as a mission programme of their vision. This project is named as IPPP-II (Industrial Pollution Prevention Project II). The present World Bank funded Industrial Pollution Prevention Project-II (IPPP-II) aims at using GIS techniques for creation and updation of thematic database in 19 districts of A.P The implementation of Geographical Information System (GIS) will bring positive benefits through generation of on-line information and creation of district-wise databases for all the districts along the identified growth corridors with information on air and water quality, health and hygiene as envisioned in the document Vision-2020.
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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It

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In addition to streamlining the decision-making process, the project will result in several benefits listed below: Provides the required information for selection of best suitable sites for development by sectorial departments. Provides a basis for co-ordinated and environmentally compatible land use planning and resource use management by the stake holder departments and others in all developmental activities. Helps an entrepreneur to readily identify the best suited location for an industry thereby saving time, effort, investment and risk. This also helps in conducting environmental impact assessment and obtaining clearance by the regulatory authorities. Helps develop infrastructure facilities, such as roads, water supply, electricity etc. and provide common waste treatment and disposal facilities. Helps check additional pollution in the areas already over-stressed with pollution. Ensures that pollution potential of an industry is made compatible with the local conditions of the site. Helps in increasing awareness of the public on type of industries and nature of pollution anticipated in their neighborhood well in advance; and Helps achieve sustainable development.

The Indian Resources Information and Management Technologies Ltd. (IN-RIMT) is proud to have been associated with this challenging project IN-RIMT has undertaken the project work for the sample district (Visakhapatnam district) and the responsibility as a consultant for the other 18 districts along the identified growth corridors in Andhra Pradesh.

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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The activities involved in the assignment are as follows: To prepare thematic resource database on 1:50,000 scale using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques for Visakhapatnam district and present integrated maps in accordance with CPCB guidelines. To use existing MIS and GIS sources to develop integrated map to support coordinated and environmentally compatible land use planning and resource use management activities of stake holder departments. To demarcate environment and pubic health based sensitive zones for notification of specific standards, specific land and water use procedures and in future, for using Market Based Instruments (MBIs) for environmental management. To place the integrated resource maps on-line for all APSWAN centres and Zonal and Regional Offices of Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board. To impart training to the seven sectorial representatives from Industry, Agriculture, Irrigation, Public Health, Forest, Municipal / Urban development and Environment sectors at State and District level committees. To build a GIS internet site for citizens in the industry and other citizens for interfacing with concerned authorities on land use complaints throughout the state. Methodology for the preparation of thematic maps Building up of primary resource database and generation of Air, Surface water and Ground water pollution sensitivity maps for IPPP-II proceeds through preparation of a number of thematic maps and their integration based on CPCB zoning atlas methodology. Temporal satellite imagery for kharif, rabi and summer seasons are made use of for the extraction of thematic content of cropping patterns of different seasons and other dynamic and cyclic changes. Recent IRS-1C/1D PAN + LISS-III merged geocoded data of 1:50,000 scale is made use of to derive the benefits of spatial and spectral resolutions and
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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scale corresponding to the Survey of India toposheets. The series of thematic / integrated maps prepared are listed and the methodology of preparation and integration of thematic maps is briefly described below. List of thematic/integrated maps prepared Base map Village reference map Land use / Land cover map Physiography map Wasteland map Drainage map Irrigation map Agricultural use and capability map Existing industries and mines map Sensitive zone map Air quality map Dispersion sensitivity map Aerial sensitivity map Air pollution sensitivity map Risk area map for air polluting activities Watershed map Surface water use map Surface water quality map Surface water flow map Surface water pollution sensitivity map Risk area map for surface water polluting activities Ground water use map Ground water quality map Ground water potential map Ground water table map
IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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Infiltration rate map Ground water pollution sensitivity map Risk area map for ground water polluting activities Health map Suitability map

The methodology of sensitive zone map preparation, integration and generation of air, surface water and groundwater pollution sensitivity maps is given below.

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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SENSITIVE ZONES
The Central/State Government have prescribed certain regulations by virtue of various existing laws/acts, which restrict industrial siting in some specific zones such as reserved forests, protected forests, coastal regulatory zone, monuments etc. In certain zones no industrial siting is possible due to physical restrictions such as hills, water bodies etc. and environmentally fragile/sensitive eco-system. Industrial siting also cannot be done in certain areas due to social restrictions. In certain zones no industrial siting is possible due to the presence of sensitive areas like, airport, salt pans, aquaculture area, contaminated sites, mud flats etc. The sensitive zones of different categories in the study area include the following: 1. Legal Restrictions Deciduous forest Degraded/scrub forest Forest plantations Coastal regulatory zone Monuments near Totlakonda, Sankaram, Bavikonda and Bhimunipatnam

2. Environmentally fragile/sensitive eco-system Water logged land Marshy/Swampy land near Haripalem, Mahasahebpeta, Dibbavanipalem and Wadachipurupalle Natural lake near Kondakarla village

3. Physical constraints Water bodies High physiography areas

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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4. Social constraints Hill resorts near Rishikonda and Kailashgiri Scenic areas Agricultural research stations Handi crafts Double crop Agricultural plantations Command areas Religious / historic places at Simhachalam, Baligattam, Padmanabham,

Panchadarla, Upmaka and Appikonda. 5. Others Airport Contaminated site Salt pans at Revupolavaram Aqua culture areas Mud flat These areas have to be avoided while selecting areas for development zones. The double crop areas and plantations have to be protected from landuse conversion.

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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REPLIES TO THE COMMENTS BY SRI NARASIMHA REDDY VIDE HIS LETTER DTD. 05-05-2002
1. One unit (1cm x 1cm) on the map represents about 500 m x 500 m area on the ground. The generation of data at every km x km area would need data generation at 30,000 sampling locations which is cost prohibitive. 2. The data generated within the budget and time constraints was used for preparing the GIS database. This project is a dynamic project and APPCB is building up capacity to update GIS database is an integral part of the GIS project. Mapping and colouring exercises were done for a pilot project only. APPCB with this experience can expand the monitoring network depending on the funds and time availability. 3. The data presented and used for the pilot project of Vizag was generated by EPTRI. The data is being generated for other seasons also. Hence any errors or misapproximations during one season will not have any significant effect on the GIS database after stabilising the GIS database by repeating the monitoring in every season for atleast 3 years, which can be considered as a reasonable period for seasonal and temporal validation checks. 4. The risk area map has been prepared meticulously as per the guidelines given in the CPCB manual. This is a procedural ordeal to be completed as a ritual. The procedure adopted was presented to TC-GIS members and a copy of the CPCB guidelines was also given to them in the meeting held on 06-04-2002. 5. The map overlaying implications on different parameters across different maps is given in brief report submitted to TC / GIS members which is as per CPCB methodology. There is no contributions of IN-RIMT in overlaying principles; except procedurally following the steps as per CPCB guidelines. The overlaying principles exhaustively given from clause 7.4 to 9.7 of CPCB guidelines, are adopted for this project. 6. Refer points 1, 2 and 3 above 7. The comments touches on two issues (i) (ii) Imbalance between fresh water and saline water interface and need of extracting such information for promoting conjunctive use of water

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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Regarding imbalance of fresh water, salt water interface, which can take place in the coastal aquifers, there are no reports or data to indicate that such an imbalance has taken place in the salt water fresh water interface in the coastal region of the study area. For such imbalance to take place a large scale extraction of groundwater leading to overexploitation or over development conditions over a long period has to take place to disturb the delicate balance and create conditions amenable for sea water ingression. The State Ground Water Department has already drawn up a 5 year programme to monitor quality changes in the study area between Bhimunipatnam and Payakaraopeta, a distance of 125 km. and upto 10 km. inland for studying changes in salt water - fresh water interface. A recommendation to this effect has already been made (Page No. 164) in the draft final report IPPP-II submitted by IN-RIMT

Regarding conjunctive use of water, the groundwater department has already drawn up a plan for watershed development (Page 144, draft final report of INRIMT) for evaluation of surface and groundwater resources for their conservation and conjunctive use. Data on this has not been collected as the Study is on on the basis Watershed approach as envisaged in Vision 2020 document.

8. The pilot project for VIZAG Dt. was taken up to experience the issues of a GIS project in database collection, generation and representation. After the pilot project was completed, a manual has been prepared indicating the database required to be generated and represented for the remaining eighteen districts. 9. The ARCIMS package used for web enabling is a user friendly package. One need not know ARCVIEW / ARCINFO for data interpretation. 10. Capacity building in APPCB for updating data base and regenerating thematic maps is a part of this project under the GIS training for APPCB and sectorial depts. 11. The scope of work under 1:12,500 will determine the baselines and methodology to be considered for modelling and assessment. This work will be taken up in the next phase of the study. 12. The land use classification has been done as per the CPCB listed land use categories. Mud flats and sandy areas have been given in the hydrogeomorphology layer. Estuaries have been covered in the drainage map. 13. The GIS information developed by APFD can be integrated in IPPP-II project.

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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14. The health data has not been given in the draft presentation to TC (GIS). It has been submitted separately in May 2002 covering the aspects of health and location of PHCs. Morbidity analysis is not an indicator of air or water pollution.

IN-RIMT, Hyderabad
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