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NOVEL BACKGROUND AND CHAPTER SUMMARY

I. Novel background: Jane Austen was born in 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire in southern England, where her father was a minister. She was the sixth child in a family of seven children. Although she attended boarding school for a short while, she was mostly educated at home. Much of Janes life is captured in the letters that she wrote to her sister, but Cassandra cut out any references there might have been about Janes intimate, private life and her innermost thoughts. In s pite of the missing information, the letters retain flashes of sharp wit and occasional coarseness. Pride and Prejudice, which is one of the worlds most popular novels, has delighted readers since its publication with the story of the witty Elizabeth Bennet and her relationship with the aristocrat Fitzwilliam Darcy. Similar to Austens other works, Pride and Prejudice is a humorous portrayal of the social atmosphere of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century England, and it is principally concerned with courtship rituals of the English gentry. The novel is much more than a comedic love story, however, through Austens subtle and ironic style, it addresses economic, political, feminist, sociological and philosophical themes, inspiring a great deal of diverse critical commentary on the meaning of the work. II. Chapter summary After the previous day when refusing the Darcys proposal, Elizabeth goes for a walk and runs into Mr. Darcy and he proceeds to give her a letter. In the letter Darcy admits to separating Mr. Bingley and Jane because of Jane's incapability of expressing feelings towards Bingley. Darcy also states that he did not wish Bingley to marry into the Bennett family due to the lack of fortune and propriety with the exemption of Elizabeth. According to the Wickham situation, Darcy explains that he did not provide for Wickham after his father's death

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because the man tried to elope Darcy's younger sister Georgiana in the hopes of obtaining her fortune

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OUTLINE
I. Introduction - Pride and prejudice by Jane Austen is one of the most popular novels in the world revolving primarily around the themes of marriage and love. - Jane Austen not only builds an attractive plot but also uses many techniques and literary ploys to attract her readers. One of the techniques used in chapter 35 is employing the letter as an effectively communicative technique to express characters thoughts as well as expose the truths. II. 1. Body Plot and position of chapter 35

- Pride and prejudice focuses on Elizabeth Bennet, an intelligent young woman with romantic and individualistic ideals, and her relationship with Mr. Darcy, a wealthy gentleman of very high social status. At the outset of the novel, Elizabeths loud and dim-witted mother, her foolish younger sisters and her beautiful older sister Jane are very excited because a wealthy gentleman, Mr. Bingley, is moving to their neighborhood. The young Bennets are concerned about finding husbands because if their father, a humorous and ironical man, were to die, the estate would be left to their pompous cousin Mr. Collin. Mr. Bingley soon becomes attached to Jane while Elizabeth grows to dislike his close friend Mr. Darcy, whom the village finds elitist and illtempered. Under the influence of his sisters and Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley eventually moves away to London. Mr. Collins, an irritating clergyman, then proposes to his cousin Elizabeth, who refuses him. He marries her friend Charlotte instead, and Elizabeth visits the couple at their estate, where she and Mr. Darcy meet again at the house of his aunt, also Mr. Collins patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth but she refuses him, partly based on her belief the he dissuaded Mr. Bingley from pursuing a relationship with Jane as well as ruining Wickham.

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- Chapter 35 is the next part which is a letter sent from Mr. Darcy to Elizabeth to explain his actions regarding Jane and Mr. Bingley as well as the way in which he has treated his childhood friend, Mr. Wickham. 2. The reasons why Darcy writes the letter

- Lost his control and felt hard to express his thoughts in the previous day - Because of his attraction to Elizabeth, he was hurt by her previous words and accusations towards him - stimulate his pride to defend himself from the accusations - Desires to clear up the convictions obviously and demands Elizabeth to evaluate his character fairly 3. Two truths are clarified via the letter the actual relationship between Bingley and Jane and the truth behind Wickham. a. The first truth Darcy is in want of making it clear is the real

relationship between Mr. Bingley and Jane - Darcy gives two reasons preventing Mr. Bingley from Jane: + Indifferent feeling from Jane toward Mr. Bingley although Mr. Bingley showed it off. + Low social status or possession that the Bennets own as well as annoying characteristics of her mother and younger sisters and sometimes her father. These reasons are very logical because: Love comes from one side; there will be lack of happiness in a marriage The imbalance in property and status are worth of considering because of bad prejudice. b. The second truth exposed is the truth behind Wickham

- Darcy explains clearly the relationship between Mr. Wickham and him which no one knows except his closed people. + Mr. Wickham: the godson of Darcys father, is sent to school and university, and is supported 1000 pounds from Darcys father to promote in his occupation.

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+ Mr. Wickhams characteristics: misconduct, is lack of principle, lazy, ill character. When he runs out of money, he tries to ask more money from Mr. Darcy. + Wickham is a liar. He cheats the feeling of Darcys younger sister, Georgiana, and attempt to elope with her in order to revenge Darcy as well as hold the property of Georgiana. - Darcy also gives witnesses of undoubted veracity who are Mr. Fitzwilliam and his younger sister to prove for his conviction. It is clear that Mr. Darcy persuades Elizabeth through indicating logical methodology and veracious witnesses 4. a. Darcys true character toward Elizabeth also are revealed Darcy is very direct, straightforward and faithful and consistent

- Dare to mention directly about the hunger of wealthy as well as high status of the Elizas family, although it can make Eliza embarrassed or be hurt. - Confessed faithfully that he hid Bingley from Janes being in town but he didnt apologize for this because he believed the relationship between Bingley and Jane would have no outcome. Consistent he didnt afraid of Elizas criticism. b. Darcy has a sharp observation and analyzing ability. - Promptly realize Wickhams bad signs - When observing Janes feeling toward Bingley, he is subtle to perceive her indifference toward Bingley c. Darcy is a kind of person who is full of pride and doesnt forgive for

serious wrong things or liars. - Proved through his treatment to Wickham - Sacked Mrs. Younge from her job because of her connivance with Wickham and help him to flirt with Georgiana - Darcys younger sister 5. Writing style of the letter

- Language of letter:

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+ Direct, straightforward, precise, proud and faithful + Formal and cold in some parts, but honest Like Darcys character - Letters structure is coherent and detailed + Opening letter: his opening line is attractive as he tries to disarm reproof + Body of letter: When clarifying the accusations Elizabeth has lain against him, he explain everything explicitly and gives legitimate reasons, the faithful narrative + Closing letter: I will only add, God bless you gentlemanlike behavior 6. Effect of letter: meaningful and important and effective

- Clarifying a lot of conflicts evolved during the novel - Open new milestone in Elizabeth feelings and emotions change for Darcy - Let receiver have time to meditate, look at all things in the right way III. Conclusion

- Employing the letter played a huge part in conveying information and clearing up lies in the novel - Pride and prejudice is worthy being an immortal masterpiece in English literature

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I.

Introduction

Pride and prejudice by Jane Austen is viewed as a one of the most popular novels in English literature primarily revolving around the themes of marriage and love. Jane Austen not only builds an attractive plot but also uses many techniques and literary ploys to attract her readers. Especially, the author employs letter as an effectively communicative technique to express characters thoughts, which is sharply illustrated in chapter 35.The letter demonstrates Darcy's true feelings towards Elizabeth as well as clarifies the truths and informs the readers on new relationship development between Darcy and Elizabeth. II. Body

To have a better view of letter used in chapter 35, it is necessary to master the plot and identify the position of this extract in the novel. Pride and prejudice focuses on Elizabeth Bennet, an intelligent young woman with romantic and individualistic ideals, and her relationship with Mr. Darcy, a wealthy gentleman of very high social status. At the outset of the novel, Elizabeths loud and dimwitted mother, her foolish younger sisters and her beautiful older sister Jane are very excited because a wealthy gentleman, Mr. Bingley, is moving to their neighborhood. The young Bennets are concerned about finding husbands because if their father, a humorous and ironical man, were to die, the estate would be left to their pompous cousin Mr. Collin. Mr. Bingley soon becomes attached to Jane while Elizabeth grows to dislike his close friend Mr. Darcy, whom the village finds elitist and ill-tempered. Under the influence of his sisters and Mr. Darcy, Mr. Bingley eventually moves away to London. Mr. Collins, an irritating clergyman, then proposes to his cousin Elizabeth, who refuses him. He marries her friend Charlotte instead, and Elizabeth visits the couple at their estate, where she and Mr. Darcy meet again at the house of his aunt, also Mr. Collins patroness, Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth but she refuses him, partly based on her belief the he dissuaded Mr. Bingley

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from pursuing a relationship with Jane as well as ruining Wickham. Chapter 35 is the next part which is a letter sent from Mr. Darcy to Elizabeth to explain his actions regarding Jane and Mr. Bingley as well as the way in which he has treated his childhood friend, Mr. Wickham.

It can be revealed that there are some certain reasons stimulating Darcy to write the letter instead of explaining everything directly. The first reason is that he lost his control and felt hard to express his thoughts in the previous day You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last night. But I was not then master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed. The second one is that because of his attraction to Elizabeth, he was hurt by her previous words and accusations towards him, which stimulate his pride to defend himself from those accusations. The last one is the desire to clear up the convictions obviously and demanding Elizabeth to evaluate his character fairly the effort which the formation and the perusal of this letter must occasion should have been spared, had not my character required it to be written and read. You must, therefore, pardon the freedom with which I demand your attention; your feelings, I know, will bestow it unwillingly, but I demand it of your justice

The next aspect analyzed is that two truths, which are the actual relationship between Bingley and Jane and the truth behind Wickham are clarified via the letter. The first truth Darcy is in want of clarifying is the reason why he steer Jane from Bingley, which Elizabeth has misunderstood. Darcy points out two reasons driving him to prevent Mr. Bingley from Jane, those are Janes indifferent feeling toward Bingley and the social rank disparity as well as annoying characteristics of the Bennets. It is obvious that these reasons are very logical because if their love only comes from one side, there will be lack of happiness. Marriage means giving and taking love from both sides in whichever

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era. Similarly, the imbalance in property and status are worth of considering because of bad prejudice. The second truth exposed is Wickhams false nature. Firstly, Darcy explains relationship between Mr. Wickham and him which no one knows except his closed people. Mr. Wickham is the godson of Darcys father, who is very interested in him and send him to school and university, and tends to support him a thousand pound to promote in his occupation as a clergyman. However, Mr. Wickham is a kind of person who misconduct, is lack of principle, lazy and ill- character. Mr. Wickham ought not to be a clergyman; the business was therefore soon settled--he resigned all claim to assistance in the church, were it possible that he could ever be in a situation to receive it, and accepted in return three thousand pounds. When Wickham runs out of money, he tries to ask more money from Mr. Darcy. Also, Wickham is a liar, who cheats the feeling of Darcys younger sister, Georgiana, and attempt to elope with her in order to revenge Darcy as well as hope for obtaining her fortune. To prove for his conviction, Darcy also gives witnesses of undoubted veracity who are Mr. Fitzwilliam and his younger sister. It is clear that Mr. Darcy persuades Elizabeth through indicating logical methodology and veracious witnesses, which is reliable for Elizabeth to identify the true characteristics hidden inside Wickham and trust as well as understand more about Darcy. Through the letter, Darcys true characteristics toward Elizabeth also are revealed. It is noted that this is the first time Darcy displays his feelings openly as he is known as a quiet and cold person. Firstly, it can be realized that Darcys characteristics is very straightforward, faithful. Particularly, he dares to mention directly about the hunger of wealthy as well as high status of the Elizas family, although it can make Eliza embarrassed or be hurt. The situation of your mother's family, though objectionable, was nothing in comparison of that total want of propriety so frequently, so almost uniformly, betrayed by herself, by your three younger sisters, and occasionally even by your father. In addition,

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Darcy is also consistent in confessing faithfully that he hid Bingley from Janes being in town but he didnt apologize for this because he believed the relationship between Bingley and Jane would have no outcome. Darcy is brave to admit the truth without being afraid of Elizabeths criticism. Another personality of Darcy realized is that Darcy has a sharp observation and analyzing ability in regard to Janes feelings as well as Wickhams behavior. Specifically, he promptly realizes Wickhams bad signs As for myself, it is many, many years since I first began to think of him in a very different manner. The vicious propensities -- the want of principle, which he was careful to guard from the knowledge of his best friend, could not escape the observation of a young man of nearly the same age with himself, and who had opportunities of seeing him in unguarded moments, which Mr. Wickham could not have. Moreover, when observing Janes feeling toward Bingley, he is subtle to perceive her indifference toward Bingley. With observation-based his analyzing ability, he supposed that this relationship is inappropriate From that moment I observed my friend's behavior attentively; and I could then perceive that his partiality for Miss Bennet was beyond what I had ever witnessed in him. Your sister I also watched. -- Her look and manners were open, cheerful, and engaging as ever, but without any symptom of peculiar regard, and I remained convinced from the evening's scrutiny, that though she received his attentions with pleasure, she did not invite them by any participation of sentiment . Also, we realize that Darcy is a kind of person who is full of pride and doesnt forgive for wrong things or liars. This personality is proved through his treatment to Wickham. With his pride, Darcy cannot accept to assist Wickham anymore because of his excessive requirement as well as his ill character. As for Mrs. Younge, who is in connivance with Wickham and help him to flirt with Georgiana - Darcys younger sister, is sacked from her job. Darcy is in need of protecting his younger sisters reputation from Wickham, however, he has to punish the wrong behaviors Regard for my sister's credit and feelings

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prevented any public exposure, but I wrote to Mr. Wickham who left the place immediately, and Mrs. Younge was of course removed from her charge.

In terms of writing style of the letter, language used in the letter is direct, precise, proud and faithful to convictions, which is like Darcys character . His letter is formal and cold in some parts, but honest. In addition, letters structure is coherent and detailed with three clear parts. When it comes to opening letter, his opening line is attractive as he tries to disarm reproof Be not alarmed, madam, on receiving this letter, by the apprehension of its containing any repetition of those sentiments, or renewal of those offers, which were last night so disgusting to you. I write without any intention of paining you, or humbling myself, by dwelling on wishes, which, for the happiness of both, cannot be too soon forgotten. This way of opening letter is quite clever, which drives the receiver to be calmer to keep reading. In the body of letter, when clarifying the accusations Elizabeth has lain against him, he explains them explicitly and gives sequenced and legitimate reasons. Regarding ruining Mr. Wickham prospects, he offers no apologies, only the detailed truth and faithful narrative With respect to that other, more weighty accusation, of having injured Mr. Wickham, I can only refute it by laying before you the whole of his connection with my Family. In the closing letter, Darcy closes by gentlemanlike behavior I will only add, God bless you.

The letter is extremely meaningful and important in clarifying a lot of conflicts evolved during the novel as well as open new milestone in Elizabeth feelings and emotions change for Darcy from loathing to growing love between Elizabeth and Darcy. Simultaneously, it is fairly effective in making the receiver have time to meditate, look at all things in the right way.

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III.

Conclusion

In conclusion, employing the letter plays a huge part in conveying information and clearing up lies in the novel. Characters feelings are expressed more faithful thanks to the letter. Indeed, Pride and prejudice is worthy being an immortal masterpiece in English literature. Words count: 1750