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1
Overview
Units
SI
British
Force, Work, Temperature, Energy
SI Units
Units Measure Symbol
Mass kg m
Time s s
Length m l
Mole kg-mole n
M Wt. kg/kg-mole M
Force Newton F
F = m a = N
Pressure = P
a
= N/m
2
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British Units
Units Measure Symbol
Mass lb
m
m
Time s s
Length ft l
Mole lb
m
-mole n
M Wt. lb
m
/lb
m
-mole M
Force lb
f
F
F = m a /g
c
g
c
=32.174 lb
m
ft / lb
f
s
2
Pressure = lb
f
/in
2
Extensive and Intensive Units
Extensive Units: specific to individual systems
or value is proportional to the
amount of sample in the system
Total volume = V
t
Intensive Units: independent of any individual
system or sample amount
- Specific volume = VV
t
/m
(quantity per mass)
- Molar volume = V V
t
/n
(quantity per mole)
Density: V
-1
(this can be either molar or specific density)
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Temperature
Thermodynamic
T
Absolute zero = 0 to
triple point of water
Kelvin = 0-273.15
Rankine = 0-459.67
Non-thermodynamic
t
Celsius
Water freezing = 0
Water boiling = 100
Fahrenheit
Lowest salt-water-ice bath = 0
Human body temp = 100
T(
o
C) = T(K) +273.15
T(R) = 1.8 T(K)
T(
o
F) = 1.8 t + 32
Temperature
Note: Thermodynamic temperatures are usually required
for use in thermodynamic equations
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Pressure
Force per unit area
P = F/A
For a column of liquid
P = F/A = mg/A = Ahg/A = hg
m = Ah
Pressure
Work
The integral of Force x Distance
F
F
When force and the displacement are in
the same direction, work is positive
Hence, when compressing a gas, work is
positive
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=
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=
=
t
t
V
V
t
t
PdV W
A
V
d PA dW
Fdl dW
2
1
Work
V
t
P
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Kinetic Energy
Equals the work necessary to accelerate the
mass m to a velocity of u
2
2
2
1
2
1
mu
g
E
mu E
c
k
k

Potential Energy
The ability to perform work by virtue of
position (elevation), configuration (spring
or rubber), etc.
c
p
p
g
mzg
E
mzg E

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Internal Energy
Energy contained within a system that is not
kinetic or potential
Or, defined as the sum of all the microscopic
forms of energy
Rotational
Vibrational
Thermal
Chemical
Bond
etc.
Doing work on a system can increase the internal
energy
Heat
The amount of energy transported from one body
(system) to another body (system or surroundings)
by virtue of temperature difference
Heat (Q)
Never being regarded as stored within a body, rather it
exists only as energy in transit from one body to another
Always defined by flux across system boundary