ENVIRONMENTAL LAW & POLICY by D.Z.

GASGONIA Page |1
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES Philippines Environmental Policy 1. 2. Philippine Environmental Code P.D. 1152 Sustainable Development a. b. c. 3. Brundtland Report/Our Common Future, chapter 2, par. 1 Philippine Strategy for Sustainable Development, conceptual framework, objectives, principles Philippine Agenda 21, principles of sustainable development

Climate Change a. b. c. United Nations Framework on Climate Change, actions Hyogo Framework for Action Climate Change Act of 2009 (R.A. 9729, sec. 2)

4.

Philippine Constitution a. b. c. National economy (sec. 1, Art. XII) State ownership and common good (sec. 2, Art. XII) Balanced and healthful ecology (sec. 16, Art. II) Intergenerational equity: Oposa vs. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792 Possession since time immemorial: Cario vs. Insular Government, 7 Phil 132 & 212 US 449 Open, continuous, exclusive, notorious possession: Director LMB vs. CA,324 SCRA 757 State ownership of lands: Republic vs. Lee, 197 SCRA 13 Presidential proclamations: CMU vs. Executive Secretary, 631 SCRA 30

5.

Property Rights a. Easement b. Nuisance c. Reclamation Timoner vs. People and CA, 125 SCRA 830 Calma vs. CA and Pleasantville Devt Corp., 176 SCRA 555 Chavez vs. PEA-AMARI, 415 SCRA 403

II.

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT A. Air and the BROWN Environment

1. 2. 3.

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (R.A. 8729, sec. 2-18) Ecological Solid Waste and Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003, sec. 1 47) Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 (R.A. 6969, sec. 2-4) B. Land and the GREEN Environment

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1. Forestry Code (P.D. 705, sec. 2) a. b. c. d. Sustainable Forest Management (E.O. 318, dated 9 June 2004) Community-Based Forest Management (DENR AO 96-29) Integrated Forest Management Agreement (DENR AO 99-53) Mangroves (DENR AO 15-90) IFMA conditions: RP vs. Pagadian City Timber, 565 SCRA 260

2.

Philippine Mining Act (RA 7942, sec. 2) a. b. c. d. e. Large Scale Mining (DENR AO 2010-21) Social Development and Management Program (DENR AO 2010-21, chapter 14) Mineral Resources Rehabilitation Plan (DENR Small Scale Mining Act (R.A. 7076) Ancestral Domains & FPIC (IPRA, R.A. 8371, sec. 7b; NCIP AO 01 s. 2006) Constitutionality of the Mining Act: DESAMA vs. Gozun, 485 SCRA 586 FTAA/State control: La Bugal-Blaan Tribal Asso. Inc. vs. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148 IPRA and expired lease: Alcantara vs. DENR, 560 SCRA 753

3.

National Integrated Protected Areas System Act (NIPAS, R.A. 7586, sec. 2-9) a. b. c. d. e. f. Protected Area Management Plan Protected Area Community-Based Resource Management Agreement Special Use Agreement in Protected Areas (SAPA, DENR AO 2007-17) Ancestral Lands Overlap (Joint DENR-NCIP Memo Circular 2007-01) Philippine Eagle Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES)

C. 1.

Water and the BLUE ENVIRONMENT

Water Code (P.D. 1067, sec. 67) a. b. Watershed Management (DENR AO 99-01) Revised Forest Master Plan

2.

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (R.A. 9275, sec. 2) a. b. Water Quality Management Areas and Non-Attainment Areas (DENR AO 2004, Rules 5 & 6, dated 24 Dec. 2004) National Sewerage and Septage Program

3.

Fisheries Code of 1998 (R.A. 8550, sec. 2) a. b. c. d. Municipal Fisheries (RA 8550, sec. 18) Fisheries Map and Commercial Fishing (DA AO 3, s. 1998, Rules 26 and 40) Fishpond Lease Agreement (RA 8550, sec. 45 51) Pearl Farm Lease Agreement (RA 8550, sec. 52)

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e. f. Mariculture Zones and Parks (Fisheries Adm. Order No. 140 s. 1982, sec. 4-5 Exclusive Economic Zone (RA 8550, sec. 35) Ordinance banning shipment of live fish: Tano vs. Socrates, 278 SCRA 154 Foreign fishing vessels: Sea Lion Fishing Corp. vs. People, (23 March 2011)

III.

MONITORING AND ENFORCEMENT

A. Prohibited Acts and Penalties 1. 2. 3. 4. Air pollution Solid waste Forest resources Paat vs. CA, 266 SCRA 167 Mineral resources Celestial Nickel Mining Exploration Corp. vs. Macroasia Corp., 541 SCRA 166 Blue Ridge Mineral Corp. vs. Reyes, 541 SCRA 166 Protected areas Indigenous peoples ancestral domains Fisheries and aquatic resources Universal Robina Corp. vs. LLDA, (30 May 2011) Shell Phil. Exploration B.V. vs. Jalos, 630 SCRA 399 Environmental Impact System Writ of Kalikasan West Tower Condominium Corp. vs. First Phil. Ind. Corp., (May 31, 2011)

5. 6. 7.

8. 9.

B. Funds and Revenues 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Clean Air Act, sec. 14 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, sec. 46 Revised Forestry Code, sec. 63 75 Mining Act, sec. 23; Excise Tax (NIRC sec. 151) NIPAS, sec. 6 8 Local Government Code, sec. 289 294

IV.

AUTHORITIES and JURISDICTIONS

A. National Government 1. 2. 3. Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources Dept. of Agriculture Office of the President Interagency responsibility: MMDA vs. Concerned Residents of Manila Bay, 574 SCRA 661