Penguin Books

Inside

Bo-ss

Gordon ITinterr the son of a Yorkshire pubkeeper, ran awty to London at the age o,f qI"* ana Uicarne a page-boy, wine-waiter, cocktailbarman, club-tout, poolroom-hustlerr illegal gaminp joini front-man and burglar. Irt 1955 he wa-esentenced to twenty-one months' imprisonment for stealing silver and property valued at dro'ooo from
involved in arms smuggling. He was married in 1958

a milli-onaire's mansion in Sussex. Betrreen 1956 and rs5o he lived in Tangier whert he becafie

to the daushter of a wealthy Frelch Intelligsnce officer whd ran brothelg in Morocco; h9--was divorced in 196r. In an attempt to start a new life he eettled in South Africa in January 196o and became a crime reporter on an anti-aparthcid^new-splqeJ in He was recruited by louth-African Johannesbtug. -in rs63 after befrieirding the i*rri intellisence Premiir John Voiitei. In 1966 he was ofrcially depo"t"a frlrn South Africa after his eun was used in i *n"a"" allegedly connected wittr the notorigus Ri"lt"td.ott gang' The deportation was a cover for BOSS spviie,activities in Britain between 1966 ana rgz+.-HJwas the first journalist qo-interview male-model Norman Scott in r97r which led to
BOSS promotion of the now world-famous Jeremy

itrorp" t"*dal. He
tg74'and

in 1976 was appointeqB9lS- propa*"dist on The Citizm, an EngfishJangsage ii*tp"p.t secretly formed and funded by BOSS' May 1979

returned

to South Africa in

Gordon l7inter defected from BOSS in and is presently living in lreland. He ls rramied to iorrner'fastrion editor Wendy- Kochmsn and tbey have two children, GuY and Katie

Gordon Winter

South Africat.' s Secret PoJ.ice

Penguin Books

Pcngda Loo*r $dl rraraoqribwrth' Midallcielr' Edghnd P.cnaub booftr' oat Medeoa Avcnuc, Nes Yoqt' Nc* Yol* rooaa' U.S..L Pcoguir Booei Auitralia Lt4 Ringwood, Victori.tAittcdia Pcr*uin BooLs C"ans& Lt4 28ot John Stretr,Mrttham, ontario' ern ds L3n Prnguin soolt (N.Z') Ltd' rSa-r9o pdrru Rord; Aucklaad ror Ner ?.caland

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Copyright @ Gordon

Ma& ead prftttd in G!.l' Bdtain bY

Bungey, Sufiolt 'St ia Moootypc Ptsnti! LiSht

Rl&rdchy(TtcChauccrPtc$)I*4 h
thc UDitcd Stalcl

To nty son Ctto6 alhose birth opmed W eles, and nry wife WmilY, wlu h6 4 tlraorY. St* btli*tt I kept metiaious recor& dilring my s2litg career :because i always had a subconscious desire for the truth to conrc utt. J wou.td tike to belieue shc is.right.

onditio that it thrll !s, by wry of trdc c othcrwng :' . btt ta.sot4'hired out, or otbcrrirc circulated without thc
publiehcr's prior

EGFc

d Amice' thit bool fu rotd rubitct

bc lcatr

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mscnt in any form of bindnS or covcr other thao thet itr which it ir publisbcd rnd without e almilcr condition tlc rubrcqucot purcbercr including tr';" cooditioo bciag tnporcd

t;t,

i.'

C0NTENTST

,"-,.

Introduction
Part One I
2
J

The First Beuayal rg

John

Vorster

19

4
5

6 7
8 9

IO

II
T2

H. J. van den Bergh 34 The Black \ffarriors 54 Journalists and Jews 8r The Truth About That Bomb % Bram Fischer ror The Prisons Act Trial fi4 The Ridrardson Gang r3r Detention Dtary rp Deportation r55

r3

r4
r5
16

A Bad Start r6j Infiltration .168 Jill Evans r84 Wilfrid Brutus r9o

,7 r8 r9
20
2T

Brutus 2o3 BOSS Is Formed 2t3 Winnie Mandela zz\ Adelaide and Oliver Tambo 24r Nelson Mandela z1o
Dennis Robben Island

22
23

24

The Escape Plot 264 ,. ,i The Four-million-pound ForgryPlot 284 South African Agents in Britain 2gj

Jail

256

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25

26
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,11.r:,:,:,*

'.

27 28 29 3o

rt'i ..

:l ::'1i

3I
32 33

' BOSS Intriguec' rp1. ,..r,: : The Smearing of Stan Viner 356 Seaing Up Peter Hain 37o Bringing Do ,n ]qremy Thorpe 394 British Intelligence lVloves In 4tt Hong Kong assigment 4zr , Gatsha Butblezi $ld the CIA p7 False British Passports for BOSS Mz
:

INTRODUCTION

*
35

Expooed U9
Rd

Henings +6o The Citizcn 475

36 37
38

How They Banned Tlp Vorld 493 Murder aod Mutti=mitlion Fraud 5oo

39 40

4r

'Deepthroat' jr5 Travdlers 52"6 Military Intelligence Secrets An Eye for an Eye 5j9
Fellow Bits and Pieces 568 Tornrre in South Africa JBo

S4z

43

AchildlsBorn Indqr 64

6o7

I wanted ihe world to know the truth aboui BOSS and the whole South African ser-up as quickly ap pOss-ible. As a hard news rq)orter of nineteen years; standing I was so used to getting my work published within hours. -that writing a book for publication a year hence was discouraging. But it's done now, although it took nine fironths' reseaich, six months'writing and afmy wifets patience. ' At this point I would like to stress, because the South Africa4 government and BO S S see a Communist or a CIA agent under every bed, that no political movement helped me to compile this book in any way whamoever. It wis all done from my own files, notebooks and diaries or fi.les from BOSS headquartersin Pretoria. I am, however, indebted to the Intemational Defence and Aid Fund in London, whose publicly iszued fact papers helped refresh my memory when writing Chapter 43, 'Torture in Sou*r Africa'.-,r\nd even that tells only half tire story. " Imust also thani Sandy Perceval, asplendici Irishfalms _ who hid me away deep in the woods of his Counly q|igb gstate. He kept my secret, and so did sweral other locals in the town of Ballymote ,Ttranks go also to alittle Irish colleen; BffiadetteMahoa,
being that
,

finished each chapter aqd it wai read by my wife, \Vendy, she said either 'How could you have done such a terible thing?' or ''You must have been insane.'Always condprriniition - but condemnation I knew was decerved. It reached such a'point that I pushed the tlpewriter aside arid 'in the depths of depressiorr spent seven weeks digging ttre garden and sawing so many logs that I filled a bam to the roof. It was a mixture of guilt and frustration. The frustration

I am sitting at an old kitchen table in the bedroom bf a it was the most traumatic experience of my life.'As I

cottage in Ireland and have just finished this book. V7titing

,

rxrh.ooucrloN' rr
who tj'ped mcxrt of the manuscript. Enen if she did insiat mrwelltng,prist with a capital P atl the time, she made up for it by saying a nine-day (Novena) prayer for this iorriralist surfaced.ln lrre at"last. As ttrcy'say-in iournalism: 'The tnrth will alwErs out.' And that is exactly what tttis book is all about.
,

book Thgy sey that once 1nu have dined with the Devil it is difiA{t to learrc the banquet, My answer to that is that it's ' I *pifiard when the peop-le at the table start tomake you vomit. i:. Thal is hixr I feel about South Africa. I do not know where I am going or how I shall make a living. But I knwl one *ring. I shall continue disclosing Sorrth Africa's secree. This brings me to make one requesl,Ifimything umrsual or
rrnhappy happened to snyone after drev met me (durirqg the seven years I spied for BO S S in Britain), I would appreciate it if they would write to ne, care of my Publishers.

Dublin,
3o January rgSr

..-

Aplogi*

'

Throughout this book I have constantly put apartheid-type I :sracial labels' on people by describing them as Africans/ Kafr rsft{gtives/B antu/Coloureds/Bushmen/Blacks[ftrites I Pinks an$ even Reds. But not to hqve done so would trave madE"it aimcr.rtt for the uninitiated reader to oomprehend the,thini<ing processes of BOSS/the Afrikaner/Pretoria/ , the Souttr African govenunent and all those ufhite votem , who keepr that regime io power. " itnother irpology should perhaps go, to some of tlre , 'individuals-nanoed in various etrcerpts I have taken from . .' BOSS files. \t(/.hile most of them will no doubt feel ,,' bgtroured to be on BOSS's hate list, it is important to ,r :eqdphasize that the BOSS asses$rcnt of a person wa$ @ '.'",t[!says dght. My use of thece BOSS e:(rpn is' a88b' ',... 'nlaiflly intended to dernoqstrate the often strange thinking : orodsss of the men who rule 'u0hite' South Africa- The iinal and most important apolog must go to all iournallsm , , d0ywhete in ttre world. I betrayed their profe*siorr an'd'I & , noi etpect m be forgiven for thbt. To thern t can orllf,ttg

1:)

': :t:

,'; .. .;

that, inspiteofmy disgracefutprofessi,onalcqnduc&.,&:real

i,'.,,:fl,',r1:

Port

One , :, ,

I . TH E FIRST BETRAYAL
name is Campbell,' said the man on the phone, speskit sounded as though he was afraid of being overheara. 'Vould you like to come and have a cup of tea with me in the tearoom at the corner of Kruis and Cqmn,

'My

1ng so quietly

rnissioner Sueets?
discuss

I've got somettring very important'to, with you.' ,'All right,' I said. lBut what's the name of the caf6? There are two on that corner.' The caller hesitated for a few seconds then stammercd: 'Er - it's, er - it's called Campbell's.' It was a bad start for a cloak-and-dagger rendezvous. But 'Mr Campbell' recovered quickly. 'I don't have to give you a deociption of myself. I knq$i what yo-u look like. I'll,stand up when you enter dte tearoom.t

As I walked into Campbell's, a tough-looking balding blond rose from behind a rubber plant in the far cornErand smiled at me. I knew him. It was Colonel Att Spengler' who had built up a fearsome repirtation as head ofthe Johannes' burg section of the Sectrrity Police. Rumour had it ttnt he had been traqsferred to Pietoria after a personality clash with senior officers and had been pushed down into somc boring police training programme.
'

'Agh, man. That's all rubbieh,' he told me when I raisei the subiect. 'I'm working with H. J.:van dee Bergh in sening up a completely new secret service. HI's
asked'me to find out
us.t

if

you would be interested in ioining

I was filted with orciternent and pride at thethought of'k; Ihad come:to Sorrth Africa frcm Britain in 196o - not ss 8s: ordir1ary immigrant but ae a burglar with ttuee corruictlone
and anrenty-one-month iail sentence behind me iu

Lonfu:-

1r' , ''", :; :

been good to me. 'r As ltrt* would have it, I had become iivoh'ed with a richr rniddle-iged woman who had porverful connections in ths South Af,rican publishing world. Knowing my background and my wish to go straight! she had suggested I,should try woqkingas a crime rcporter for a newspaper. Through a topltvel introductionr from her, I had landed a iob on the anti'

hd

My intention had been to start

a new

life, and the country

Thc young mur q636 rrrimal^ On 6c coTgrertilF ry a roohirti*t.j and handsorne )'drng tournalbt Hb wu1te, _TiFe ' w1s o* tU"t tr. UuA a Bhck ekin and the girl he loired and wor*err His narre qflss tse'Ijluw He was-nnerry{o{ us r*po"ret on Sou* Africa's famans'Black netffiPapsfi

'

" Forr:

apartlreid rewspaper, ttre

joUnnesi"ng

Sr;"doy

gwa:

tainly no shortage of crime to reporr. South Africa is ar

incredibly violent society. There is an assault rcported b the police everytwo minutes, a rape wery half-hour; a burglary every horrr, a robbery wery threehor:rs arrd a diurder qrery

r:

'

' In three short years I had becomc a ivell-known iournalist , So hsd theMinister of Justice as a personal coniact; Now Lyp bemg offered cream on top of the cake in the form of ninety
l

minutes.

any'wa.V , ,qt*tio". For-dreor to be.sq.in publig ie$d"- tbey wereon equaltermgwould trs\rc s$$ in81ag1" *"tk d T +"-'r"'T toqqther, Ioe ,f.,il*J-":ai"creet nro pas behind psmelal.with a largp ;il;; i" his.trands: This g:dne tbe imprtssiur he was ths

ttte gitl wac "tuotitn", niaeteen*yer-o$.Pan@ i;i;,; oftrto unirrcreiry sbrdcot frm a niddlFchs* Jenrisfr;familY.' ' :: ' line is ilry* in,Sq* Any mmance scross dre colorrr Jog sod Pamelahsl Afri;r the laod of :r,mial ptrity'; so park wereott of't&F: vi*":ilibt otarL l*oGat*,"ry n'lq; ia

ffi.

\id;;tftt
i*"

lMadamtst srvant.

-'iil;6;"i;

It had all really srarted in 196r, when I had betrayed two young lovers to the Johannesburg police.
:The @cere had ilieir revolvers drawn as they burst into the tiay one-rmmed flat that sunny Noverrber aiternoon. Theh raid was a mrplete success. In ftont of them, sitting on a single be4 were a yonng couple errbracing. They were fully drssed, yet'one ofttre policernen spat on ttre floor and drnrted'You disgr:sting little bitch! How could you debase yourself by kissirrg an animal like ttrat?' : T.lere was no more talking. The police grabbed the courrterpane off the bed along with the sheets and:tlren nrshed the youn6ters downsairs to a squad car par*ed on thcr p$/erncnt outside the front door. The car sped them
,

iob

an a secret agent.

u*-" ioo aangerotrs bccatsL h;d"';Viti"'ei*d".'rnit gH Whirc srea soo{r beco$es mlect to any

,t*v

met secretlv at \Erious hmec

d'
,.. 'l:;:; ::-..

visitor **lo " kro;vn" Then they found a perfect meetinglplace' ll.*T onlv a tatry, oneroorned flat in an old, rnt-cffrgollecl blocx in-ientrat Jotrannesburg, but to them ay-*-" gf- come had iiany tenans' so Black deli*cr5r P U"*Aiog -all

and ttre rrSn*' ""t*.tlttu **" i. *A out Oay aeUvering groceries wlrenever'fop: fnit *otnn thre wer; no raised-eyebrours

in carrYing a Parcel. wanea "

round to the Disuict Surgeonls office where they were zubiected to what ttre potce rnockingly call the 'racial purlty Fstf. They wete undressed and srnears were taken fi.dn tbem" ,Tlreir rmderrgear: was oramined and so werc dlc ': $bee$ and. the countcrpane. , ' '1r. ,', ; :'.:'

was a'prtty.little. bboqs' Til"**1 i*itt Lr *," flat grest nmarfric Pd fi ry a was Stre Koc*" de model, Joy her trer 6&aous pleasure to let Joe'end Pamr{a use of cristake sc made -*$;"d";"*-gut iov il;; tbc dct': for lcase &e b*-ina thelovcrs auout mc ;.lit"" I- had'giveo ;;'ii ili ttalrre *a trt" * nrv grrl-ftiend few moo6q' one a to a:bfuger il rh" flL. when I mord i

'

dief. eirlier.

-*rI

i-;,k ob inr-orrntion' $ry.,*.11|lTjl m' p6 officer''I'trad ,ef ;'." t"high-renkiug'olD

ei&,"r of'*Jbvem;'It wasp* 4F f rylnr"I "g"tttc
noqhi4;

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r,tr8 r tn$.f,trxn*aff 4L' :!7

' I . @se receiled wide cwerage in the press. -1 :

,

aeeded.ts makgsome high-lvel cantace in the,police folce " if'I was'going to succeed ss a erime i.l ',1oe anl Pfri:la never stood a chance. They were atfesd .eaa charged with cortraveering the infamous knmorality Act" whiJh forbids sex betrreen persons of different race grctrps. Because they were a good-looking youns couple the

feporter.

better sss settfurs an exc[site- The story turned drn to be anottrcrrnsn fled from sotntr

;;.iHfffiffi;**. H.."t*P*e- dc Lisetoy,t$rb{tlv ;tr; #;-ff'ffi. hmity -8;;fo in Chicago' Arrrerican f{e'w
-iiO"."r"tt *ianl"n rtioow ad econfucs

'

Pamela Beira iunped 6ail and fed from South-Africa before the trial. Joe was found guilty and sentenced.,to-*k $onths. He appealed and was released on {loq bail.'But Joe had no iniention of waiting for the appeal to come uq. ell ne wanted was time to plan his eccape fronr Sout]t Africa. And,. paradoxically, I was to asgist hifii in thia Bv an astonishing coincidence, Sue Deas, a young in Johannesburg Daib Mail offices i ,riii* at the the Rani Daily librarian be to help Iqe willing if I would approached me dnd asked leave the country illegally. Vhen I agreed, Stre invited rae to a pat'ly beinghelilto celebrate Joe's departure. My girlfriend, Joy de Kock, was not invited because, to protect myself from suspicion when Joe and Pamela were arrested I irad spread a false rumour that Joy had betrayed them to ttre police in order to get herself off- a drugs charge. - :. Ioe Louw gave rne a bear-hug embrace when I arrivq{ a1 tfri pa"ty. ffe aia not suspect for one moment that I.had for his arrest. There were ten other-people Aeeti Nbt one of them was a mernber of any po-litical party' lhere,"e*ioroible Aubrey, a well-known comrnercial photographer, tre$: his ca so-that Joe could be driven out ofthe country. Steve who became a leding Black iournelist himself several yqars later, agreed to drive Joe to a remote spot neaf SoBttr .Afrlia's-border with Bechuanaland (now Botswana). Tbe others clubbed together to provide Joe !n& eneoeqg rnoney once he had left South Africa. I paid {lo towards his oetrol and food costs during the five'hour iourney. As a iournelist working on an anti-apartheid newspapor I .van aslied also to,write s gtory about !oe's dramatig esepe

l' r

si.ra.tttt on a six-rnonth study tour' Feter de Lissovoy ** ot'ty ninageq -but he rvas'old apartheid the msment he *;;;h .o-t ro* ttrat tre toattrid interestedin *@ *"joot n" ir ;;."i;;;;;;#;irh and lirred with away broke He lived. Wtti* 't;-rilti"t byryng he this gtu"kt in Black townships. By doing 1'as obtain.a first must V,hite a efa& are; ifrf fi*,-f, " ""t", bother' not permit. did Peter soecial "";;;;;a;a u u"a" union meeting io Natal an4-eeve 1 the banned m-io-Cttief Albert Luthuli, the l9d9r 9f been whohad (ANC), lwardld efti""" N"tlonuf Congress African.seouitv i;c. Priziin rebo' tie south ii;; dim view of itris young Vnitq Araerigan w{n to a Black man' Thev plled hip'in category and ordered him to leave alienr lilt*akr*ule days' seven within countrY tlie *'i'ii* heard through *-**uv *nted this, and, when he ptannilg Lourr.was that Joe P ql* .hb;i;"k$p""ine -Sou,fi-e'rti"", b9 would iustice thought wetic {t {or ;*t i"a ndp Joe during hig escape' Whgl the ili* *" "*"*p*v dev senlqe a photograph showil;;;"tedfreedom ai the Lobatsi border post lfp tog"th.t i;;;;-**ai"g Africm territory. I used |Iu8 South outside feet few a iuit irr"*.r" mv stgrv about their dramatic escape'* il;;;;;Louw went on to become a successful iournalist in Ioe

ffi;;ifii;'f".h

at Hannrdunivrsity'and Africa with eighten other r{arvad

ii;il tiit-,*t:" ffiil;;-"rtatr"*

ro frecilom. Thie suited me perfirtly. By helpiagihim

wouldbe gbining arqrutatrion
8s

a'liberal', end qe;aboils

I I

when he took the photographs d;;. H" ""tti.uea fame Memphis motel #fi;[" L-;iG Kins's bodv lving on a 1968' in assassination iJ"""u.*"nds after iire :S#d" ;J;; niiitt" south ALrican headlinee a4q ia Santos' drf .:*l tot"tW-*-**"g pt Marcetino dosmovenrent l'rrimo' freedom of the Mozambique 'Tl* "ii*ia"ira jJ"oo"sjbtme sndivExdeis,'rs'Aprili9d'*'';''rj'i"'

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IltSI,Dts

BOSS

J'

My betrayal of Joe Louw certainly helped to convince enior police officers ttrat I was a valuableinformer whowas 'well ih' with Blacks turd'fibprals. That is how I first rnade top-level contacts at Police Headquarters in Pretoria which started me on the patlr towards beeoming a full+ime spy for South African inielligence.

JOH

VORS.TER

Not all.Englistrmen were bad, according to South Afrlqld' newly appointe4 tough Minister of Jryri* Balthttzs!' he took officc in i*t""Voitt t, in an intErview shortly after panianlar he woirl'cl in one f.ig"qtt96t. I" f"ct, there was

ltd; #*

Africa during the Seoond rU(/orld \Mar because l" qT u mernber of ihe Ossewabrandwag (Ox-waggon Guard), a tigbt"li'iag movement whieh was viotently anti-Semitic and aieea wittr Hitler's ideas ol racial purity'.I|" ry{ F nt"-ctoni"t hoped for a Nazi victory and tried to hin{e1 Oi *.t etrort by urging Souttr Africans not to fight wtt! B;ittt" .gtttt"t rS"t"i"nv. -',iilttitu--in erned, a Gptain varchadr oue bf Fd be* hla that ctrap d decent such *u"^ v;G;t.J;il*" iru -ttS gne bitter.ly during overcoat or blanket V6rster s knitted ffJ*i"qo. That was the Englishman the itrstice &Iinisier wanted to meet again and chat to about the old
days.

Vorster had-been placed in an internmem camp in South

again,

hi added.

Y*. ie was.'His narre was Aubrey Trevor Tfarchaq and he owned the Grand Hotpl in Kwuman, a small town in' 'f . Se.Caf Frovinoe. Vhen I phoned C"pJ"i" Watcham said ;-.r, he would like to meet Vorster for a chat about old times, so I the Minister's office and a meeting was ar-ranged; ',- ohoned Vorrt"r *as tickled pink that amesrberof ttrebarcd English-

.'iiardly be allowed to interview a top politician like ]ohn Vorsier. But I was ambitious and always kepi my eyes'opery f,or ways to ingratiate myself with any 'senior govemment , men ia Pretoria. Seizing on Vorster's comments about 'Captain lFatcham, I telephoned Army Records and askqd iitre was still listed on ttre Officers' Reserve. --

. i w* a lowly crime reporter at the time and assuch would

,rt,;

,it,
'';;

' '

,i,1.1' .f i:].l Li ,i"' -. -/'t!l+ :

. ,. '; i;'M,

' eglr.:rr*s}$F.BCIgs
press should go to nrctrtrouble in tracing Captaic Flgtgge tffatctram. He was so pleased he said I could writJabout it. Vtrg the stoty appeared,* Vorster phoned me to say f cluld contact him at any time if I needed information from him or from his deparunent. :Although I phoned John Vorster several times durine tlrc months that bllowed, it was not until May rq6z that i curld take full advantagB of his oppornrnity "f*.-ifr" arose when I rwived a letrer, omi{aining about-a story'l, had wrinen,.from'a South African .G"ofa S"fUy-#fro "i*ua lived in East Berlin.

,16 96e,'hin

to discuaeitg'prrq.,on Thursdafi t6'July I&. Weiring a dark suit and sombre tie, with my hair rcwly cut to a short bd and sides; I arrhrcd flfteebminutes Gerly at
,,.

IOFI{rfo.lS[8*',2tr An,rypointrneat{uro {!tnng$ for

nrale aduk, Known as Cornrade Arnold. C,ard carrying merrber of ':$esouth African Communist Iiafiy tSdeFl. Inflttted fre.African Tertite \Porkenst Uiid,u and'became its general secretary in r95 r. Later was organiser of N"rt*"t Union of Distributive Workers, pretoria. Fted ftorn South Africa fearing arrest on Immorality Act chargclin 196o. He was known to be having an illicit relatioriship $ith leannene THOMAS, a.Coloured wolnaa fm; ,Cape Town They now live as nran and wife at Frirz Heckert Strasse r, Brcrnau bei Berlin, East Germany. Sdby was awarded.Communist *peace Medal. (lg6g) Sr his political propaganda work as an editor iii-Ai ..A&ican Section of Radio Berlin International.,

fron senet BO S S filx: 'SELBY, Arnold Herbert Alfred White

Excapt

'

Vhen I received the letter from Arnold Selby I kncw-I could no1 write a story about it because he was-bannCd i1rl South Africa and nothing he said oi wrote coU!{ be,pub-. lished. Then I hit on a Jnrnt, never done beforc. I wLUa ask ttrc Minister of Justiceto grant me special permission to, euote from the letter. I phoned John Vorster and told him I,. , ,:, r. ';: wanted to gtlack",funold Selby and his letter in a lerrg$h1 . Ibcturc article. Vorster liked the idea and n ggestcd i6&1,.,!:,, .,' .:t
,,,

vd desk, stiook hands with me and eaid he could glrc nc emctly,fiftepn'ridnutes. Hc was tall and tlrick-set - the only man I have ever known to have a sqrffrre pot be[y. Hie,tmdy .lnoved in ii hcavy, lumbering way. But not hismind.'"har mqved viciously fast.' He wastd,no time with pleasantries. '{'ve ehecked with ttre SecUrity Branchr'hesaid, sgnking slowly and precisely. 'Because Sdby is overseas you oa!r, if you wish, publish details fmm his lef,ter.' , His precision,flumrnoxed me. Itleft mewittrorn a qtreetion ts_ask.'This was e@barrassing, so I resorted,to honesty. ; 'That's a piry;'I $aid. 'It would havebeen a much better story if I had obtained speciat pemrission from you to qurrtc a banned rnan. That's what I came hoping f,or. . .' ,Vorstef, was deltghted by sny plain-speaking and pleased thar I, *n Bnglistmtm woiting.on aa anti-governrner* newspaper, was clearly keen to befriend him. I was again'frank and told Vor*er that I was not I
unbiased as hemig&t

was the size of a cricket pitch' with a high ceilingi boohcases Itning the walls, and beaqy red velvet drapes framing thc vfordow$, thmugh one of which I ould see across &e city 6 the Voornekker Monument, the Afrikanere'sacred rnem. orial to Piet Retidaad his followss who in 1836 riade the Great Trck frsm,thegrowing English influence in tt Cape Vsrster stood up behind his masgive, old-fbstrioned car-

Union Building, a massive oe$ent-shaped edifioe, wbich ls the seat of govemment in the Tra$vaal. John Vomter sas bury, lmd I $at in the umiting monl until3..2? p.h,,'I hsd,been.nerrrdus wben I arrivd, and that:errtra wait,mdp ne feel worse. .tt last l:wm ushered in o se the gleat mar, IIis 06A9

*$obrnncsburg Serd,q, Etcprat, ro Scptenrber 196r. .. ,

:'"i1.11'11J11

, I

.,,-.,;,

Aeican politicsr" I said, 'All I reatly care about is topdnurs in epvgtpqfnt ee thgt I caq g* gqd,ctotlc$,l

thtnl( 'The truth is Itm acnrally quite ignomnt atout Sen&.

.
,

,ir
:.;ii*ti
";'Fi? lltilrr+:. r.' ,:l::!i:

,.;sffi

,':"i,.

,. ;.t'Amd,lf.I give you good stories, would you present the facts to your readers eractly as I gave them to you7 hre
demarded.

,\[hen I assured hirn that not one word would be changed, Voruter srniled Crfunly, shaking his head. I ,,, , lYou can't give me that guaranter'he said. 'Most of the .iileniqr people working on your newspaper and its sister 1 :,.paperg tlte Rand Daily Mail and the Sunday Times, ate
, ,,r,;,

Communists, Communist fellow-ravellers or iust plain 'dumb fools being duped by the Communists.' I was astounded. I knew all the political writers in my ,corqpany opposed apar*reid and most of *rem hated tlre Nationalist government. But I was surprised that Vorster thought they were all Communists or Comrnunist dupes. As if to prov" his point Vorster challenged me to.narpe iust one political correspondent or columnist in my newspaper group who was pro-government. I coqfounded hftn with one name - Meyer Albert 'Johnny'Johnson who had taken wer as the editor in chief of my newspaper one year
earlier.
Before driving to Prqtoria to see John Vorsrer I had told Johnson the reason for my trip. He was thrilled ttrat I had menagedto get a privateinterview with Vorster and told me should do my very best to cultivate him. As editsr he

would allow me to publish whatever Vorster said. The Sttndoy Express would even build Vorster up as a strong

man. Johnson r4ade only one proviso - that he must be ftee to criticize Vorster editorially when he felt like it. . John Vorster looked astonished when I told him this. 'Are you quite'sure your editor said that?'he asked. For a moment I was scared. I wondered if Vonter was angry.,In a moment of panic I visualized hingiving the story to the Afrikaans press. But Vonter sensedmy dismay apd reassured me by pulting his:tall.backed wooden ctraif mtrnd the dsk and sitting down nsrt to me. He smiled and ,Fattd r-lY,knee paternally. ,'Afii I right in, this assessment?' he asked. 'Joltmy Jpbnsoa is relativdy new as the editor of the Stew

p4

: lNS!..sE BO$.8 "

if there were any stories he would give them to nre. To start the bdl rolling he gave rne the,first big scoop. He said the National,ist govefnment was tired of all
afternoor'5 and

by \ff'hite warders,! Being hamperod:bfilhcr tgggrr!'risons 1.,|# Act, South Afi.ican newspapers could not publish Ti*tntAs ., 't6 John Vorster gave me permission to see Sobukqrcj.in ' .iil Pretoria Prison. I interviewed him for an hour, durhlg ,': which he denied being beaten or ill-treated in any way. T{i& ,
.,

IS.K"!I VORSfBR

' 25

, '] r-:'.i

claims.

1,

,.

..

the,ami-South-Africa hatred, published

in

ov.erseas news*

papefo andmagazines. Muoh ofthis hatred, he sai4 origrnanedfrom banned people who had left South Africa and were

living
.

overseas.

illegal for any oveffieas newspaper, book or.magazine m be distributed in South Africa if it contained any statements
made by a banned person. Johnny Johnson was delighted with this censorship story and published it over a page.* Vorster had also given me another important story about a list of benned people v,'hich was.to be released later. This story \ras front-paged. ,.r ', It was the start of a secret political love affair which was to contioue for many years. Iohn Vorster gave me'exclu*irae iutqrvrews or lcaked fmnt-page.r,rews,stories to rrte tqularh
,

In 'future the government would make it

Justice. This made Vorster the most popular member of tlre Cabinet as far as most Afrikaners were concernedandgained

fsofi ttren on. Editor'Johnson repaid Vorster m prornised W,building him up as a tough, no-nonsense Minister of

intervierv rvas embarrassing.because Sobukrre AenUerqlf ' ,,,ji overdid it. He said he had no complaints to make about prison. The staffwere decent to him. His cell was clean and wafirt- He was allowed.books to read and study. He was learning French. What Sobukwe was telling me was ilrst too ,',i,ni good to be true. He was an implacable enerny of the South , it: African goyernment and everything it stood for, and hewae :rl trying to tell me he had nothing to complain about. : i,' ,',t' ,',, It'c no secret that the "food rations given to Blacks in iail ' ,l are diabolical. Even Whites complain, and their food is far superior to the food given to non-Whites. But when I asked ,, r.i Sobukwe what his food was like, he refused to knock it. This rdgghd rne because he was obviously tying. In desperation
r

:t

*re government man)t new voters in the English-speakilrg

Johnson rardy atracked Vorster in his leader columns, but when he did he gave him a vicious pasting. But Vorster sat ba{k bnignly and hardly ever cornplained. In October tg6z" iust three months after Jotrnson, Vorster and I had set up our deal, Vorster made history by allowing an
English-speaking journalist to enter a prison.and onduct an independent inquiry into allegations of vicious brutality. I was tliat isnrnalist, and ttre man Vorster let me intercamp.

view' was the Pgn-Afticauist Congrese leader, Robert Sobukwerrwho was sendng a thlee*yaor eentence for
inciternern which led to the infamous Sharpeville shootings,

tried a trick question. tAre yorqsaying it's,better ttran the food your wife qaolGd for you?' 'Oh no. It's not the kind I would ,choose outsider? tie replied. 'But itos sufficient to keep me of sound mind and body,' he added dipl,omatically. As he said this Sobulave looked cautiously at eolonel 'Thys' Nel, who had been assigned by the Prisons Cornmissioner to sit in during my interview. Colonel Nellft my side dnly rwice as I talked to Sobukwe: onee whdrlihe ordefed tea for me and Surtday Express phqtographr Jimmy Soullier, and the other time when Jimmy went to *re toilet. As Colonel'Nel *atked to the door and pointed the way for Jimmy, I leant forward and whispered to

in London's wee,kly Allegetions liad Tr*uru, then edited by Labour MP.Miotrael Foot, tlw
been published,

Sobnkwe: iI dont understand,why

snrch a bed

,'..iji

$,obuhrye,was criticalty iU qfte(.beif,g bcateo and ri Johemcsburg Ettrassrzg Jr{Sl962^

Wy

brutalid

. 1,

r.

ii ;jt.: I of roses.' Sobul*ve replied: llet's face it. There's no polnt in me

youte saying life in prieon b

'i,l

l.

',:'l

Trfume, 19 October 1962.

i;,i'. rffi .* i119gI0G.ii$6S3 il

:pritid.fuiry wnditisrag:' If. t;beharc mytelf, rtr'll' bo

att ih,'*t

I ', f quote you on'that?':I asked.. IIe wad ahocked. ' No, fitr God's sab, dontt do tha! Look iThe,truth is that Colmre*Ncl cameto see ntson Tuesdry; me.Trih,sru was righq. I was besten by warders,widding pick handles. But thbt uxs two years ago. I'rr better'now. ArlCNelsaid he would fix parole for.dre of my.colleaguge fihrhePAC n'ho erc sen'ing long sentences if, I denid dte .ff:ribtfiir.story when you cartre to interview me. I ag6eed for. dre sake of my three friends. Don't spoil that.' 'I was unable to ggt further d*ails from'Sobuhre be cause Colonel Nel returned to sit nf,ttome st that moxnerrt" Later, when I.had finished the intervicw and Sobukwe hsd gone back to his ell, I got e shock. C-olonel Netrtold nreto sit sad write tbe story I intended pubfibhiqg in thc Johsuee brsg .Sflndq, Express ; I told hiin'X,ould not do dris as tr l*as s teffibly slsw writer and it would take me at last tso honrs. NA smited and said time did not mtter in prison, I would not be allowed to leave the prison until I had writrcn ttre story and submitted a oopy of it to him for vetting. Hg added that once he had approved my story I'would have to eigrr.e etaternent Cgaranteeing that it would appear without one word being dunged Jimrny $oirllier and I werc aUocated a room where I mditwrite the story. I was not tlre slightect'bit worried by ;w- censomhip aspect of all this. My personal panic was.that iltnigbt writethe story in a way whkh would displease my editor; who would be unable to change it. because I had st$ed a sta&rnnt promising that not one word would be alter,c.d., As'it happened' I had nothing to worry about. Cmemrin'n |imrry Soullier had worked on the Sundsy Fe1nas fsr serreral years and losril tlhg,pafler'sstyle prfoctty: In fact he dictated most of the story to me as he:read notes. Who theeditori $ohnny tohneon, read the ,&p, ny,said it was.one of the best tr had ever wrinen l,ife siogy he plasrs.dfqy tricks'like,thatl ,. i The story ran as.,a: splash 'froot page.lead,aadt;aooss

@nthc.'
,r:

.1C4n

i; .'

ry anotherpage instde ths paper.* Five photographs of Sobukwe were"used. All editors, whatever ttreir politics, will find it hard to repress- a smile when I explain that Johnson broke the agreer-,nent I had signed with Colonel
Io.rtN,:YORSTEn'.

ster of Justice Mr B. ]. Vorster,. .' Johnson was givtng Vorster his promised plry and there was nothing dre

Nel 'that the story be publisbed without any ctranges. had started my story with the fact that Sobukwe had drlid overseas brutality allegations. But Johnson changed,the ihtroduction so that it read: 'The doors of Pretoria Prison were opened for the Stmdoy Express last week by the Mini-

Colonel could do about that. The South African government got massive mileage out of the story. Through a front man secretly working inGermany for the South African Departnrent of Informatior5
the story and pictures were given to Deutsche Press Agentur (DPA), which sent it out to about a hundred papers ia Germany. At least thirty of those papers gave it a mentisr the nent day. At'the same time the South Afrien gove$1. ment republished the story in the weekly Digest oJ Swth Afncan Afrairs which is sent free to thousands of pople rill over the world. At that time acted as a Johannesburg 'stringer' for the British Smda5t Pictorial, so I pho:red the

story through to its news editor, Clif Pearson. \ But the Swiaq, P:b somehow sensed there was something fiohy
about

The allegations that Sobukwe was critically ill had ori' ginally been made by a senior menrber of the Pan-Africaabt Congress, Mr Pottako Lebalto, and he was intending to address a United Nations committee. ]ohn Vorster stymm Leballo by air-freighting several dozen copies of &e Smdat E4tress to Eric Louw, South Africa's Foreign ltinister at the United Nations. He in turn handed the copies of the paper - with pictures of a hale and hearty Robert Sobul$re on the front page - to many delegates at the UN, say!ry:: 'This is ,n anti-goverqEtent, anti-apardrei{ neryryapcr in Souttr Africa. Read the tnrth about Robertr8obulfrbe,t

it

and never published a word.

*Jobannesbug

Srdq

Exprasrz8 October

tg6z i .'

.::'

'

'

1$t;ffit"l8os;^
lt*'ddntt,,knonr, how lixrch dmr@e.;thb

,t,

toriN \toa8T8n'
ttrat

20

'did to Pod@

L*iin'u *a*iutv, u"i-ii cett'ifrv

cwld not

have helped

,him.'

*Sl#*;,i ;ih s#-il. e ff*l:*TY^ ffiffi',;"k"ffi t" ou rni'*' D.PryAl:,:-:1":

brlo*f

'Thvs' NeL tlrc officer who had yulth{-:-:3

*fff
*

Sffi t**fi;;*:"''iiv-igi:-*"^?-111" tPl n 6: :f::'#-S ffi;#'H.'ol"-"r*"v.?"t*ti1r given lo *:.tu' cart? his Tll^"jg 'ilfrffit ffi"k;;ff]'-h-4 ,H';":illli""ii. fr; ;,;;d.' Mfit y.q' gaT r& rEs evv-vF --r ,"iJlalffit-,"p"a-tnvl"lerviewwith-s,ob'larct*l trt,ar ffi *hispered conl. had

il

::*f

t"Ydt" I dominated tlre whole ebow' The'other twoqsd Vorster queetions il;e ilf*d srild pr+gqverrunent r to answering:ne" it came ;;-J;i""*b;d"tt.-vu"o hesitate, tenrporize sPd ev'q Vorster hear to iilr. pqt "r,o"*lt"J p"ints. The questiong Geryld Refilv'hsd sft i;;;;;; 't'oo*"'qr{'$::e clever' thet clerrer - but not ;;;;;# not^evn the sqpcrtg' iltilfi*, a.u"*t, and no iournalists, floor with rne if'hn the wiped have ;;;;,;i-.rf"';o"ra qM llL'L' not.
he did qanted. But Il mtec. 5ut

*{t**,

\iihlthe-;t"gtamme

ended, Vorster shook my hqndand

*rrltipt"v*g

;;.ffi;fh ;il# ,. ffiffiilJlai" "uo"i prison conditions, and he had kpt prsnise. *fffif;rdays his ' arter th.qoblk.u/e T:y 1ryj}I,{l1 *gini.'.d *1t9 g:.ITl-T^? v#'-fi.ft;; -i * dt* -:t:-l"i.^:j I"ffiT#iSJ;;ti'ii'J i"-'"ia T" h:-'T:*:tr::iYg

|tq*d Ty oc ri,""L rtabit' Nel cad'rmed that he'had p*"r" three of Sobukwe's friends if Sobukwe

the iape back,

the libcrals to ttrink you're a gyd.gu{.: If .Set dtd"{b"lt*- your Sobuhn'e story tast week' they'll bclieire vou now.' the next ';;J;; it was, vhen ths broadca* was used Libral Th ar"-*" i.u*alist coUeagues were delighted' gave me a editor Mv tea' to i;""y ?il; d;funcq inviied me smry a splashed Srar iir".'ittl l"hannesburg "bolt .th" ;;;;il who trad giv6lohn Vorster a lard time' And to

-Ilii
rr-li
:

{.1
.. :..,)
: -.1{:r:::

;'i';;;#
Reilly.

[ffih n.i.*;i:"1,"d :+9 what q'estt"T:1* it"i ri"n"-*," iilffl"ita "ti"b ai"tot idea ".ffii named Gqald
th.

ff,ffi:ti#;;.[
.oiliffi-hira

;i ; senior'iournalist

"" which nraise{.mv '*iltuI crossA;ec;;;-;;G -*tt"tt told anyoge ttrat my

io"

*"

Progressive Partv^ i$ued a

il.ff;". He drew up a list of orders were served on iff'ffit;;; ,t"i tir"roarresr .$ipDle-',in.,*go'""be**ettregovernmentcouldnot them in a court of law' fi;-;t t'i'dr;;; htnd"g"t* and met ir,Ju*"a*tti"g snrdio in Pretoria the' pro' of political p"i,&# 5;;**, -coyes,nonlent Nofte of
govsnment **rpop""fr-vaow4 '"ac'arl African }roadcasurry :th;:.go,r{e$unent-*"ooU"A Souft become a;slick propqgan; ffir"rion, who was later toAtl three of us had to tnod H11+ ffih iiti." *ott"*' wnt on ttre-atr.. ionn.V*rt n b-efore we ffiilestioi.t -Jier t""airrg.y gave me a g{-and questions vorster haridld it so Vorsts air' tlre on I knew it iit"
before

coached me ,iilJ*fO U"A a fine political mind and Mailcgnr.eenorrc Daily Rst'd the in i"t *" iir m-h"* "t questions to trap Vorster

for more

I nerrer *"*l""ti* of Vorster'.* someoneelse' dwised n"abeen ffi"it *F# d;;uo;th" ;dt" by b-roadcast' Vorster allowed me
n"o lott-"oburg rnen' Michael Harmel an{ ;;;d; house arreet' wtleo * ;J;H;act";, tJ t***'rntti-tto* cotld not answer sai$.he he ;.k;t";""r about Hodgson .nothing about the msf,t. he-knew
rrnr ouestions because sn the subiea of hougg.ayest' He had iust

'iil""i,?J*"*"""nr*

"a*it*iott' Party M P Helen Suzrnan vffi;;ilF*tt.d Piogressive and.ev{ gfl to'each ;;il;;;.id applv his-mind here he was' Yet arrest' house to anyone s"bi*rittg: U"O* -"* house antst' under Hodgsgn adet .i"v i,taoing i* i.nt"c -" tt" t o"t nothing about the man! if I quoted him corr#2.

because

in parliament

I knew it woutd *r["rE* vorster No' 33, darcd p l-foiddryef '* progrsiivc Pafty Poucy Directive

"'"

ii'riji li:'lt'r'rl''r1r1:1: 1)il;,il' Ii'/r:{ilrl$

,.tO,lr :lNgrtrbB.BOSS

r
,:

JOfiWrCOn3r,8R. ,8,A. trs krrotrn to, :@ntmut6 ;batif,gen. tondon, and East

',6ctly

I eqmmittedtheworst sin in iournalism - I changed Vorster's quote. I wrote &at he had said ' I am not fully con. versant with Hodgson's,case.1 No&ing illustrates my political naivery better than'this. I thought this watered-down quote would get Vorster offthe hook. But it did not. As soon as it app"a"ea;* the ori$rienced politicat writers were at Vorsteds throat. One iournalist strongly suggested that Vorstet eould not have rnade such a ridiculous statement aod that I had lied. , :,,Hodgson rreacted by iaking legal advice. Soon after, Vorster tipped me off that Hodgson's lawyers were going to subpoena meto give evidence for Elodgson in a court case. Vors-ter.told me the only way I could avoid this would beto take leave at the time of the case. I did so and spent a week in Swaziland, with the result that Vorster got awa]r with his rniatake and Jack Hodgron stayed under house atresc
so

Berlin recruiting and training Blacks to be sent to SA as terrorists. Lives at zo Eton Hall, Eton College Road London NW3.'*
Comrnunist Party, $erved on :the Financial Conrmittee

IHODGSON; Rica. Adr*t Wtrite female, Wife of *Jack'? Hodgpon- Long-standing rrrember of the $A

of

the SACP with,Communist treasurer. Julius FIIR.$T. . She was also a member of the Johannesburg Dist{ttr , Comrnunist P,arty Comrnittee. Accused of high teasori in 1956, charge later dropped. Was aetive in the Rivonia sabotage conspiracy. FGd from SA with her husband in ,963,, She presently works-for Canon Collinsl International Defence and Aid Fund at its head,office: ro4 . Newgate Sueet, London ECr.'
Vorster got his revenge on Jack Hodgrson nine months later when Jack and his wife Rica escaped from their Hillbrow flat and fled to freedom across the border'.into Bechuanaland. He sent me to interview thern in Lobatsi. Although ttre Hodgsons were both banned persons, who could not be quoted by any newspaper, Vorster's dqrl with me was that tr could quote them botli if I smeared them as Communists. That was enactly what I did. I quoted Jack and Rica as saying they wce Reds and proud of it. I also suggested they were sabotage e<perts who had caused many errplocions in Sqrth Aftica. The story appeared on ttle front pagef and the Flodgsons never forgave me. ' A strange aspect of life in South Africa is that moet S[rhites gossip to]ether in front of their Black rnaids sld ctrauffeurs. The servants ohly speak when spoken to. This makes Whites forget they are there. Ttre Blacks become (see'Blacks invisible"people. I was no o<ception, I did not either. Bof I learm my lesson the day I went to interview the Hodgsons in Lotatsi. : " t.
'

male. SouthAfrican Communist Party (SACP) merrrber.. Was taught orplosive and demolition techniques as h

fron sectu AOSSf/esr 'HODGSON, Fercy John alias "Jack".Vhite adult

Excerpts

Desert Rat in North African campaign during WWz.

:,

After therrar returned to SA and beiame active in under' groundiBlack politics on behalf of SACP. Arrested for

'

prsedbfued him from staying in British ltotctorate of ,1.:$edruanaland after he had refused to give an undertaking ," that he would oot embarrass Vhitetrall by using Bectr: rranaland as a base for his sabotage activities against SA.

high meason 1956, charge later dropped. Taught bombmaking to members of the secret Black sabotage group n"Spear of the Nation". Vas involved in the Rivonia mbotage conspiracy. Listed as a Comrrrunist in 1963. Fled from SA after being served wittr z4-hgur house arreEt older. In Septeinber rg6: the British government,

$ttled in London and in collusion with Joe SLOVO gad Dr Yqsuf DADOO contirtr,led tus actMties against * jobanneeburg Sundty Express, rr November 1962.

'*
f

'-

:"'

"'
,

Jack Hodgson died of ill-health

in London in December rg77. Johmnesbue Su.@ Eryess'.a5 Aqust 1963": .''''. ,r: r 'r'

'r''.

p."'1ItF6!F8AO.$kri

: i' ll':.,

. ,On the wry I told my Black.cbauffcrr ho&l,bura,r"; I wantedto mske e phone call As. we entstd 'tbe,foyer'.[.told hin td ff;Fh q]e s:sold.drink. I try* tel' pnoneA ]onn Vorster at his office. Vhile- tr was talking to l*or$e" ;he driver,returned with, mf_,cold,dcinlL I tav_hi1 brF ittst did not register; tr kept'on talking to vorster' I did sot lnow.that my iespe4fui Black chauffeur was secrecly a mernber of the banned Africap National C.ongr-ess (ANC)

' :r': to stop the car * a

'

'.

gd-gn admirer of'Jack ard RicarHodgson" .\Hhen we arrived in L,oba$i qnd I went pbook
dre msin hotel, the chauffeur quickty sogght
Hodgsons treated me as ttrough

'

a rpom

in

out-Jd

and

Rica Hodgson and warned them that I had'stopped tg

the Minilter of Iustice Jobn Vorster. No wonde'r thg

$rye

had rabies

Tfiree weeks after the Hodgpon story appeared' Iohn Vorster asked me if I'would like to interview a ninety-day erinee in prison l:etuldinot believe my ears. It was'the .qts:r e\rcry- iournalist dreamd of geming at the tirng. ' , Detiines were in the news, and nobody knew what cor,r ditims they were subiected to in iail. Vorstei sai4 I -aquld of Mrs Hazel go and inierview and- take brotareicU, as atsastive Jewish house$tife whose btrsband Arthur had escaped froo iait qnd fled overseas I Vorster had a good fQasoa forgiving me this plum intervitgr A&s' dap earlier aoother ninetry-day detainee Mrs :.i&r$b Slovo,,haA managd to srnuggle out of her cell a ' .$eesagp,xposing some of the bad conditirons sufefed by 'Hazel-Goldreicf,- and other detainees. Her message was poeted to England by a friqld.and was^published in ttte bbt*tn,It was very bad publicity for South Africa, and Vorster wanted thlc;:.&sertter story denied Ilazel Crotdreich was in a very bad meotalctate whesr-I isterviewcd hr in thc filthy ells at Johannesburg's Marstlell $quare police station' She had bcen kept in total solitary confinement for sixty-six days with only one bmk to

*sd.

Sccurity Police interrogamrs had given her, what they thoqhi was a iust puaishrnent - a Bible. But llazel Gold-

Because she was suspected of being a Communist her

H. J. VAlr rb_brs:$*x,crr .

35

,|il J" qAN

DEN,, Ef RGH

'

,.

''.'

"r

Black apiv. Hlghly irrtelignt butl:zy, he pr+ fered tolive byhis wits. Asrnallskinnyman in hjs twentics, hr had a panicular taleot for urrellipg olt'titbits of infor:n+ tp" froqr th Black townships and seling them,to Whir iourndists. Arriving at my desk on z5 June 1963 he askedoe if tr was inreted. in a batch of explosives hi<lden'rear -Johannesburg's Black townstrip of Alsendra Bging anxiotx to ingratiate myself further s'ith thc gover-nment, I gave Nkosi de5 and he showd me where the.explosives.wse burie4 \Xfheo I telephoned Juqthe &.!ini$tq John Vorster rc.tell him abfl$ it, h unerpd iust one sentence: 'I thfu* it's time you met the Tall Man ' Vorster made the appointment for me, and I drove to Pretoria to"keep it early the next day. The Tall Man was Ileqd{i-k }. van dm Bergh, who had takea ove.r as the head of South Africa's Seolrity Polioe six moqrhs earlier. He was sx foot Sve (r.96 m) and had to bend whcn egtering aorm!+ized ftorways. In polioe circles he was &sonrn as'Loag llendrik'n but his frierrds calld him HJ. I het bim in the execnrtive siqn at Wachthuis, ths hadquarters of the South African police in Pretoria. He knew all about my close association wittr John Vorster and complimented me on some of the articles I had written. He wai so relaxed and channing that I found it difficult to belicvc that he had also been a Nazi sympathizer and wc interned with Vorster during the war.. Vhen I told him about the orplosives he said he would
lrT'kooi was a

epot pinpointed by,Nhi, but the politetr*l experiecrced' littlc uouble in locating thern with mine dcfrectors, r Shen pdice officers had interrogated Nkosi*t$,had dis* closed the name of the Black politico wtro had'tdd him about ttre buried explosives. HJ said I could write i nc$s story on the subiect-provided,tris narne was not mentid@ in it, Instead l,sas to'state drat the information had,b@ givm to me by tlre chidof the CID. The story was a'frontpager:and appeared under the headline'Explosirrcs Hotrd Uncovered'.* It disclosd that the illegal cacln had eontaind enough gelignite to blow'up half a larige towtl. i
:

{ANC), the oldest Black politieal movbment h Sdnh *eica.It was founded in rgre to promote Black advasc$ mnt by peaceful and lqitirnate:tneatr$ tnrt' when it wg

The explosives belongedto theAfr.ican National Congloos

bannd in April 196r, a sabotage wing called 'Spear of the Nation' was set up. This started operations in Decernber 196r rvith a series of explooions at governfirent office8t
qlectricpylons and post offices, The bla$s were deliberately set off at about midnight so ttiat passers-by should $ot'be

eend ou1 a bomb dispbsal team to unearth them and give me the story afterwards. Two days later he called me to PretoriA

r':r Spender, aliss !Mr Campbell', who was setting up the 'ilew secretservicc for H. J. van den Bergh. When hetold me was offering rne a job as a spy *rag day in Campbett's te*i' rooln, I told Colonel Spenglet that, not only would I work as a spy, I would be willing to do it without payr'rerit. That' f cnplained, would be my way of repaying Sotrth Africane

killed oi injured. The ANC clearly did not'belive in musing *re daths of ianocent people. But whert k cam0 tg traitors and stool pigeons its vengsance was swift. My'Black informant, Nkosi, was found stabbed to death shonly a&er the story appeared. I doubt if he had found time to spend the rwenty-five piecs of silver I had paid him. It was trpo days after the orplosives story wae published that I receivedlthe mysierious telephone call frorn Att

tlf

erd told me ttrat eight four-gallon drums of gelignite had beea discovered. They had not been found exactly at the

kindness to me. I tried to get more details about dte ittll* scoee service.frorn Spenglerr:but he wal as tight ae

"{ryn:
jr'!iii1
.:r'.'ijlj
j:ij:!j!.,

Jolraonesburg Swdat Ex?r'Gst;3o lune 1963.

.::.,itf

36

. rNsror,Boss

"
:

.,emi.ling,broadly, hand outoffetched,as he walked round his desk. It was an unusually warm;gesf.urei and his handshake .was even more unusual. As his right palm met'miner'he clasped my wrist with his left- hand, resting his fingertips on rny pulse. I was fil1ed with curiosity , .Is that some kind of secret handshakg like the Free. rnmons use when theSr meet one andter?r I asked. , HJ chuckled. 'Not at all. Thar's my psychologpcdhanashake. I use it to put,people at their ease. It sets up a feeling

saying only that tI: ]. van den Bergh would explain every: 'i. ; . thlag when,I'nortlnet hin; , That metrng toohirlace rk days later, on Monday, 8 July .1963; HJ was in a jovial mood ss I walked into his offibc st polici headquarters inPretoria. He sprang from his chair,

BOSS in 1959. Btrt BOSS really came into being in June 1963, not in rg6p,as, the ofrcial records show. This is one of Pretoria'g :hqt-kept secrets. It all started on 14 lamra4l 1963, when llpndrik van den Bergh was appointed the head of South Africa's Sectrity Police. He quickly realized that its intelligenoe-gathering apparatus was, in his own wofds, 'lament,,.., sbly old-fashioned'. One of fie biggest problems was that
,

of warm intimary suaight aw-ay.' Nothing explains the strange character of H. J. van,den Eergh better than :thae. He wss, highly',intdligent, devious "a*d cunning. Fifteen yearsr later, in 1978, when the full tuth about-him started to leak out, the Progressive Party IVIP Mrs Helen Suzman described Van Dein Bergh asl '$outh Africa's own Heinrich Himnler'.* It was only *reo *rat the South Af,rican public.began' to comprelrend the diabolical,$&trrre of the rnan who hadrdfficially forrned

iournalists on South Africa's liberal,English-languagi newsoftm knew about anti-apartheiil and B1ack undergfound activities several days, even weeks, before the Security Police. ,,,:AsrI sat in his office, HJ exp-lained that this:was a firattr of,tnueme annoyance to the government and to Justice * South African llaunrdr'8 Deeenber 1978.
p4pers

;,,,tffi
3$. rusur

,
ao$s

'':{..5,':

' eapomd.
a sst'mtioq'

" n. vat$rfiiiff ssGE' I.

gg

-$a&rp.,As,,,a.fums,,ioqrnal!tt he knery what

:' :' wanld be caused if't'hprscheme was .: Virwoerd was finally perstnded, but be'and trohn Vorstes' '

Ooa* i""Aulists had Ueen rec".titea one of them yguld btrst iino print with,the shock discloourc drat he bad been asked to spy for a new and zuper-secet inte[ige!rc ou$tt of vintage cabernet wine. H' tr' vae dgn The bet w"t a "ase gave meone of &e bottls a ftwmoot'be Bergh wm it and
laler. -

hd

a private bet widf,

n. I. vm a"n Bergh

that' bdore af

' io,'io" Joo" 1963, lRcpublican Intdligrnce?

as

agnc' with the specific aim ofenlisting iournalists wing be aseparate to sup'posd was It RI. Its nic}name was p-aper, so been have may It Police. of the Security 9n !t4

ffiet

was created

Se""rity Police ofrcers knew of its existence. Astonishing$t |t lvas 6orlr withtxrt aay legisladon Ueirig passd' No me* tion whatsoqrcf was made of it in the Budget or in any official publicudoctrment of the South African govemment' Whd DrVerwoerd gave him permission to form Reptrblican Intelligence, H. J. rntr don Bergh sarted scrutinizing Security Police files on aU iournalists in South Africa who had written,articlee.sf a politicel nanrre. He selected tbe *ho h"d,,*itten anti'apartheid stories but 'had balanced them by puning the govCrnment point of view. He ge{lerally .fotorcd iu tttJ t"pott ns who had written articles with a

IIJ

went to erritenre lengths to 9nsury that only a few senftx

Jetit"t"t '

I{e found twenty-five zuitable iournalists - firenty-fotrr rnen ana one woman. All were tfThite. In-dgpth researctl
was carried out on all of them - their standards of living, theirfricnds, salaries, bank balances, spending and dri*iag habitsr'their pcrsonalitic, political attitudesr and the types

anti.governmeot bias.

Iournatise could also move intQ any situation and qtxxnibn people rurder the pretext drat tlrey were looking: fof +'',rerrs-stori"s. This proved invahpble for HJ'when lre il ,rraned a qui6ft tpmfile'on a zuspecied pf,son. Tlre iournal: ise who had good liberal contacs were able to give him advance information about any political dernonstratfun . tdng mourned' wh was bddtld it and rphat tlre ulterkit ' srotive wag if any. ,' Even 6emer- the purnalists acted asl{fs eyes and ents jilr ttre offices of the nervspapers they workd for. Newsdrd$ ; are amazing hives of gocsip wherc'mnch is known abort tlta private fives and frailties of promineit socialites and leading '"hsinessrnen re well as political figures. 'Therp isnt a iournalist aaywtrere in ttre world who'isdt oriw to some kind of secret or a fascinating titbit o,f infor-

i.*oiiitor"a. ,
i'

gF@ 8d dtb hadcrs identified. I{. f. rran den Berg$ feffd @t'hb iouuialist spies were perftct for this.task Tfuy*irc uiiurat hct-finders- and ould assess the significane of a'trriF@ rif g5$ip, following it up until dt y'h"d eoltected enorigb'@ io p""se"t a creaiUb story. But instead'of n'riting *orb tlrey submi*':dsccre lepornr to Rtpublicm Intetrigence. ,, 'iLese rcports no'rnrally comained enough fetual vidence for HJ's security men to mount an official investigl tion. Thib usually meant that ttre suspect's telephone,qag: bqgged, his mail was intercepted and his movmsts iitc
gltsups so ttrat information could be
r

'.

:.of strne interest to an intelligence orggrd"ationi HJ'ecc totd rne. rNo matter what $ny iournatist might write abou!
zubiect, something is always a personor -Att

mntion about

prorrirrcnt person or politician that would bc

pg.pefue *rey naa married. If they were sfugle,-their erien their girl-friende were veued' H' J' van "arint*'and if"" gogh did his researcn we[: all twenry-fiv-e-purnaliste **{f, {grpa 6 ,"t as 'inforrration gatherers', as HJ prt it. Thdr Eisin ftnctioa l'as to igfltrete liberal -end lfffrffi'

left out,' he added, iownalists will confirm the tn4h of thst; \[etiane all , hard, a thousand times, our anguished colleagues corrr

trNgIDE,3oSS
\c,to{rstfiHt sourge

of delight, and often amusement, to,tlr,g

shadowy men who compile South Africa's intelligence files. ,, The news desk of any large newspaper \ilas and still is a 'key targgt, as Pretoria'knows that valuable informati,on of

.both a criminal and political nature flows in to these desks Intelligence works particulady day and night. South ".-{frican hard at plantirig dgents'on the news desks of the liberal English-language newspapers in the country. The agent can be a deputy news editor or even a woman assistant who answers the news desk phone, acting as a brrffer for the news editor. Such agents quickly 'discover the-names of people who act as secret informants for the paper. This can be im"rnensely important for the' jigsaw puzzle' experts in BO S S's Pretoria headquartersr' who need to assess the accuracy.or sourc,d a particular news item published by the paper. In this way Pretoria has often ferreted out newspaper informants who work in the.government service. In Britain they call these people 'moles'. Sometimeg the mole's motlve is money; he gets paid a tip-off fee by the newspaper. Occasionally he is leaking information about happenings in his department because he is jockeying for power and wants to embarr*sq or get rid of the official above him. The news desk agents are also valuable because they have ' ,aceess to news stories hours and even days before they are gublished. Pretoria likes that kind of advance information. It gives them the chance to jump in and block or reduce the danger poteiltial of the story before it is published: As H. I. van den Bergh would say, 'We'd be stupid if we didn't.' Another key target in newspaper offices is the editor?s secretary. She can eavesdrop when irnpdrtant political contacts telephone her editor. She also has access to the edi'tor?s confidential files..Almost as ipportant, she knows thg narnes and addresses of all readers who write 'Letters tg. the Editor'" This r.nakes, a mockery of the honoured Ilfsctice in iournalism that the editor of a newspaper autoaedcally guarantees confidentiality to readers who wdte in and iosist on rmraiuing anonyrnous.

.rl

r:",

r.i,

.it::

:':
.

*s'..'ffiSl$E','3OS$'i.'',

jI long period

rr. J. vAt{,riDsN',D88G!I ''

43

:have.a'nepofter sitting at g1g:press:desk; scribbling away in {gho{thand or rhaklrig a tape recording? But even these taetlcs are thorv old hat. If'three Black men delivet speeches at e

if I publislred or comrntrnieid61^any-sg$ftt5f to the safety or interestsof $outh Africa' preiudiciaf GAG -'f ;; t6 ou p"ia Rrzo (then worth {6o) h;tnonth:for

public meeting in South Africa today the spy is not in the a*ai,*.e. Hb'J one of theiBlack speakers. ",- Republican Intelligence was a phertornenal.successl the iournalist spies wreaked havoc in' underground political rirovernents. They helped Van Den Bergh break the back of the African National Congress (ANC). Aeting on a tip-off, I{J?s uniformed men made a surprise swoop on ANC leaders at e country house known as Lilliesleaf Farm in infr***Uttg's Rivonia distrlct, The case which followed Lou*" world-fa*ous as the 'Rivonia trial', and most of the accused,:includihg Black advocate Nelson Maridela, were jailed for life. n"i"Uli"* Intelligence also helped to srrash 'Poqo', a tnilitint offshoot of the banned Pdh:Africanist Congress (?AC). It wiped out the superbly organized 'Sperar of the i{ation', the iop-secret underground sabotage wing ofthe

t*rc Wiroc', and this'money wouid be given to- 1nc in ash on ttb aectg should said-I HJ mooih. every i#r f"i'of ryl monefto the tax man. Vhen I said I would 6s \ililllng to il;k ;ti&;i a wagei HJ gave me a delighted smile but said I had to acoept thimoney].otherwise tr'would not be'subiect to the Official Secrets Actt. I was told I could claim reasot

;il;;;ahttexpenses for
ooets

any rneals, drinks, tipsor'tralrel

f might in'cur while making friends with liberals sr' t ti.tt wtri migtrt be r'uefulto my spying activities' Suangety foia man who was so security-consciorrs, Htr toH me itrat I would be working for Republican trntelligen*'

;1,,

ANC.

It infiltrated the African Resistance Moventent (ARM), a group of intellccnrals, iournallsts and universtty itua""ii w[o trad decided that sabotagirtg government installations (without causing loss of life) was the only wayto

attack apariheid. The iournalist spies also helped Pretoriato comoilcmassive, detailed dossiers on all the leading White members of the South African Liberal Party so that they b$n U" banned, res-tricted or [arassed into leaving South

Africa. This resulted in the Liberal Party being forced out of existence. As I sat in'H. J. van'den Bergh's officeon the day of my recru'itment,'I realized I was the seventh iournalist to be erirolled because Ht offered me a choice of code numbers tfrom'sevefi to one hundred'. f chose my lucky number' sventeen, and was given the code numberRorT - the'Rr

This was probably because l-was his--blue'eV9d p9f lght had been personally rectuited bV llm' from the ti"tt "tra who were recruited were led to ihe other iournalists believe their'enrployment was with the Security Polio'Tt.rii, wm a ehrewd mooe on HIts part''Quite rightly he realized that this would reduce the rist of any iournalist tecruit orposing the whole thing. 5t i"po"t"t could rush to his editor and claim he'had been ippioached and asked to spy f,or the Security Police' gut ttre editor would have been reluctant to run such-a storywithout proof. Howerrer, ifthe rypo$.r had been able .to dir"tot" a*aits about being recruited into-1 nery 11d *np"r-t o", intelligence outfitr.his-editor would probably i.,h6" i.t*ped at thJstory, knowing he could get a queetion in parliament to force. the matter :)ut lnto tr9 op*: ', pllsh6d I got it ali remained a well-kept secret fon the next sernen

prefix meaning Republican Intelligence. I signed the Offieial iieercts Act in fiont of H. J. van den Bugh and his staff Terry Terrebianche. Ttre omciat Seoets Act "ffi6;M;t"" rdirirnedrmethat I could be heavily'6164 oi imprisoaed fof q

that narne had been dropped and we agents ha{ beeg "fto into BOSS, the lastar{--9hild it had ryt1"ry' rmerged f me if I would be willing to turn violently rn$' uT asteO " gqu;;."t in mysto{es. S" gl he cguld arrarue folgrq taiiei by securitv Police offie,en and I qq16;''ig .', j, i*irh"d; go iot 'q nice holilay in iail' for,midot otrcqces

y."tr. fU" ttame Republican Intelligence was notrn6ntioned io tft" South Af'rican media until r97o - rrore than a year

ffi;;a;

-_:

being in a B@.wnship widronan official Ferlrytitr , he explained, uruu3d,hdpoe to ercst a,strong covr ana marc mc acceptabh,,to thc hftists- I said no thanks. .At -thg.time I was getting:pcmendotrs stories and tip:offs from

wetr

as

Iusde,Minister'Iohg, V.ffier and other top government qfficials I had toadied to ovef, the past &ree years. I did nsr

waot these important oources to dgy up. H. J. lran do'Brgh stroked his nose for a few moment l then said: ,,,.'$t(; You can have a differcot covr to all drc rcct. Perhape it unuld suit pur personality better if you pretend to' be an oppornrnist type of iournalist who sits on the fme and writes w-th sides on any political subiect.' I irnrped at this: 'Yes. And I can ontinue to slip poogovemment details into my stories whenever you and the Mtnister of ]'ustie feel it?s necessary.' . ,I"iking the ida that I muld still,be rsed toslip pro' "govcrornnt propaganda into the anti-apanheid Stoldoy bcing a spy and leading a double life was difficult eoouglu To have maintained a full leftist cover would have driven re round the bend and twould never have been abletoopaate as a spy for sixteen Years. After l,had,signed the Ofrcial Secrets Act, H. |. vao den Bergh told mg.ttrro handlers worrld be assigned to me in ffiimcSurg. One ryould be a full-time rran and the otlrer 'll&parewfro was to be contacted only inan ernergency wheo qot available. If I learnt something, ,, qy full-time handler was T&ich called for immediate action by the Security Police I: should telephone H. J. rran den Bergh at his office or hornc. I was tsld to avoid ustng my real narne if I had to phoare use the ily ftro hgdlers. To my full-tirre handler I rltottld odrnme lDingo' and to the spare man I lvas {Johnnyl If, during aay telephone cnnv@tionwith either of thcrn, tr:

,&Il-tirne hasdler ,as '*rc branch'mmagBfi and the,:ip*f. , ' ,i;i# @r as 'the spare tYre salesrnant. ,,: ' HJ said I ehould a$od nlgtrt dasse d thc&ffis of try " .f,:; ,,6t11-6o" handhrr who would brid me on indlbeerce' ';' ''':!-;'i procedures. Mv firs1 full'drnc , 1, ;49";g i9"1*t.i"g and .f,andlerln Iohannesburg was tohan Coetzee, who is td&y ,;' .*re heaa oi South Atrsb Secrlrity $_tice.-aner a sfo$, :,,!t, whil" n" was transferrcd to Durban and his place was takea . r, l ti"*U* Johannes Kenrp, known to H. J. van den Bergh , fr .'["*;, ;;tomeuyttre-odsrame'Jaet('.fgaar-$ur$',,;;,,1i G*gBtt"*i *d is headof SouthAfrica's Counter-Intelhqee
.Unrt Uasea at BOSSHeadquarters in Pretoria.,Two:ofrny ottrer handlers werc Alf Elouwer, today the head of the

Er?W, HJ agrced. Thank

goodness.

quickly fourd that

1r$ Africa's C;ornmissioner of Folice. At my very first night class I was taughtAow m compile a secret repott. Ot e o?the most important things I was told to include was ttre date arrd plae of birtlt of the percon I w6 reDorting on. This was vitat as Pretoria had many . people on its-political files and ttrose with Tffit:n.ry-H i';;cf,as Bmwn, Smith orJones could easily be mistaken: If
,'";rrnw Souih

,Bos^S

oqeTlgn.-l* r3lstei'

ffe.cetccn$nt

ii.included the date'of birth dre desk men

i iomeone about the star he is born unds and it is quite of birth' women: i:mrri"g how easily he pals-wlt! li". +t" lr,av UJaUout thiyear-of tbeir birth but they never akctr
headquarters about a month to realize that so'tlls were being sloppy in their rePorcs' One agent "g*tt ssrious err& thit a bad blunder was committed ,mua" ni"tr

based at Pretoris r,rbadquarters could doublecheck that person's-identity' I' of ttre,zodiaclo $at l-could , rras a'avisea to snrdy ttre signq :',tglk to people aUout the socalled inflrcnce their birth sfgn ,:bad on'thesr. This wils a very useful trick. Stalt-talkiag-fi)

tbe dav or the month.

It tmt ,""r"t

fffird it

" the case' Im'r l,Uy u"*tiay ofrcers who later investigated must be scnlppl',
li,"i*icOiatelv a[agents n'ere warned that they
.y

:rqpsto

callit 'ny Be{gh wss to be deecribed

company' or rour company'. H. |.'van den

as

e;*at"-*tten

'the managitg diretor'}

sy

io

*u-i. t

typtng out reports in.fuiure. lVe uttl' eon t i,i tno.lgh we were giving.eeidnmio

46.I$iltr!,BO$Sr
hostilc lawyer.
'nle had io say

... ":

.'

H. J. vAr{lltB$ l8*CE - ft

a court of law and e*pected to be crqss-examined by a very

we were not sure of any particular fact so. Ifwe wished to nrake any personal observa-

If

tion or assessment it rntrst be placed only at the very end of tlre report, under the heeding'My Comment'. ; The idea was thst the intelligence assessors at headquqrters would then be able to sort out fact from fiaion. Fut it did not always work ttrat way. If the person being

reported on was a liberal, the desk men at headquarters still qccepted wild statements made under the 'Comment' section as fact. As a result some innocent people were harassed or detained for questioning by the Security Police, even though their'only ocrime' was to speak out against
apartheid.

During my initial training at night classes I was told to rerlqmber that if I was submitting a report on anyone who .. Ferned to.be a leftist, or wag knosrn to be connected with well-known liberals, I must give hightry deraiied information '
ebout that person whenever possible. No m.atter how remote seeml an1l snippet, however insignificantn could be usefbl, as even the tiniest fragment of personal information sometimes dovetailed into the overall jigs4w being compiled by the desk rnen at security headquarters in Pletoria. In addition, these seemingly trivial details helped the desk men to mako a better assessnrent of the person being reported on.

octuDation, his incomehnd his attitude toweidc,&e pi:ople he wbrked with. Other categories were the subiect's brre hfe, sor life, religious attitudes and political affili+tions' if , rrrv. I had also io give a brief outline of his hobbieq & o"*tp"p."t he read-and his general desreanour in puHic" :,., [Pas hi ittt"rio""t or tcrovert? What arnbitions, if'ary? , Pessiinistic or optitnistic? Vas he a winner in lifc cr$ i Oerebtisrr Did he have any known or obvious-oomploreel . inhibitions/obsessions or phobias? The most fascinating part of my night clssse$ rilas'beitrg taugh to be keenly aware of body tariguage. Vhile telkir1g to isuspect I should take special care to watdt for repeatd

thapc'of lread, ftre, any noticeable de.fta/dcformiticsl birihmarks, and habits. I was also to ststc &c snrbiectls

mdints of hands, shoulders or fae *hetr dfficult or peg' So,rilrl questions \ilere posed. Vheq this *as first exphincd to *" i found it hard to understand, btrt when I grasped --, the subiect fully I became an avid observer of body kiq"
iad*tcr his opponents' faces and hands when a bid is made. 'I was gi\rc; iome fascinatingtipe. Mal'ehomosexuals eencuase in much ihe same way as a professional poker ptsyer

it might

'I

once included

in

a report a brief mention that a leftist

toria monitored the nurse and found she was receiving l,etters at her horne from political figures in Britain. These letters were secrbtly interiepted bV th" Security Police and it was discovered that they were not for the nurse. She was allowing her home to be used as a 'cover addr.ess' by the
lftist ooupl'e.

couple in Johannesburg knew a young nurse who acted as a baby,sitter for them when they weni to the cinerna. Pre,

not whiile: one in a thousand might iust be sble to foiea .ffat note through his lips, but never a nrneful whi*le. Mecl cl,ose their legs if a small obiect ils throvvn ton'ards tlrern' yet I womafl oplns her legs slightly to widen the catchrncnt aira of her skin in case her hands miss the thrown oblxt' This, I was to14 might be useful if I met a man dressed a5's
woman or even a se:t-change. Staring steadfastly at the

hi{ge

tr was

pbmitted

given a list of details to use as a gurde whenever I a feport. Roughly, ttre list asked me to opecify,

v,bercpossible, the following: sen, 4ge, height, colour ofhair,

general appearance, neamess, cleanliness, over/underweiglrt,

,,:trri.:11 l:

48r'; rNsrDs

Boss

'

IL; J. VAN;DEN Sne@II' 49

Chinan, This has created problems.for ryartheid. Inrpnrtatt businessmen and pliticians from Taiwan, .vipiting' South Africa, resent being tagged as non-\il7hites. That ie why no

the light metef,, whictr tmded to go on the blink when

meessing a Coloured.

In Souttr Africa Coloured and Black ardtotally different. A Black is an African. A Coloured person is a South African of rnixed descent, meaningthat oni of his parents or grandparents was a \fhite who married a non-White. Such mariages were possible in South Africa until 1949, when the,Mixed Marriages Act prohibited any marriages between Tfhites and members of any othe.r racial groups. South Africans, whose minds.have been bombarded by the zubject of race, can usually'recognize a Coloured person, But newcgrne.rc to the countfy c:urnot. To them some
ofthe Coloured people are so light-skinned that they apppaq Vhite - particularly the pretty young Coloured girls in the Cape. That is why seamen on visiting ships are warned to be:veff carefirl when they_go ashore. Itls so easy to break tlie Imrorality Act if yotr don't haye a light meter in your

action is ta(en today when South African Chine* go to W$ite cinernas and fashionable restaurants. Therds no doubt that in the near future the South African gevernr ment's growing econonric and military ties with Tsi$a$ willforceit to officially promote all Chinese to White statqsl Anothervitally important thing I had to remember when

, Nanre being what it is, a few Coloureds appear to be Vhite and are able to slip across the colour bar and 'plsy

eys.

'Vhite', mainly to take advantage of the rnuctr higher wages and privileges. The racial fasatics ruling South Africa have their own gobbledegook for this kind of problem. This is ttre official definition of a lil?hite person: 'A person who in apllearanee is, or who is ggnerally accepted as a ttrThite perscn5 but does not inclqde a person who, although in appearance obviously a White person, is generally accepted as a
Coloured person.' Ilr my secret reports to Pretoria, Indians were to be described as 'Asiatics?. In later years this was qhang'ed to 'Asians'. Chinese had to be clearly stated as such; because tlre 8,ooo Chinse in South Af-rica are desigpited as nonWhite, Yet the fqpanese fall in the White category. The rffion forthis ridiculous state of affairs ie ttrat Japan is an in portam trading paf,'trier and has mr:lti-million-dollar pig iron contracts wittr South Afrie. fn recent years the $onlth African goverffnent has derreloped massive and &sdy,secret lint<s with Taiwan, which,it describes as'Free

typing out a report wa,s never to mention the name of anyoqq who had given me information of a political nature. rln-:' $ead, I was to state in the main body of the report: .'SOURCE tells me . . .'The name of my sowce was to be typed at the end of; my report on a separate slip of paper. I was also,told never to mention my name in any report. lf I found it necessary to repeat what smreone had said about me, I had to describe myself by my codename, Dingo. This rigmarole was based on the 'need to know' principle, The'rnain reason was to stop junior desk men based et Pretoria headquarters from finding out too rnuctr- But I found this was generally a waste oftime. The iuniors quickly learnt to recognize each agent's style ofwriting and I often found myself being greeted as Dingo by minor Seouitlz Branch men I had not met befoie. H. J. van den Bergh was careful in his choice of officers who were to act as handlers for the journalist spies. He brought in only policemen who were known to him personally or lryere on record as being die-hard right-wingem; Some of them were from the CID and were supmb detectives on the criminal beat but knew little about politics. One was Jack Kemp, who was transferred from the Murder and Robbery Squad in Natal. ]ack was ambitious and deterrrined to succeed in intelligence work. He wotrld sit studying Communism at his home every night after work. Once when I visited him he said wearily: 'Gordoq, this is one hell of.a job, man. I've been reading altr about dialectical materialism for ttrree weeks now and all I can say is that it's all so convincing that I have to,.take,'a".firr[ gpip

ilo'

,.,..,t.
rNmtr}B',8o88,,:i!,'ir

",,.,il \

1.

H. J. VANr.r,!'gN.BERGI| ' tr

m mvtelf srd keep repinding,my$elf tbot this is the argumeot-used by the &crdie*ofmy couritry which I must ats$
eosts find the strengtlt,@ resist.l Irr ctroosing lack Kmp, H: J; vffi

i$sirftt Jack Jtudied Gommuniem so mueh that his colCfu i."t.a him with the nicknatne 'Red Profeesdrt. nul tre worked like a Troian and wcnt on to cpy ia Lorrdon cnd at the United Natiotrs. In my opinion he is one of South Africds best spies, whictr probabty explains why he is noy had of BOS-S's Counter-lnrclligen@ set-up. Yet he ie virnre[y unknourfl to t]re South African public. For tle first four months of my spying career I was paid {@ a month in castr. Then, in Novesrber 19613 T *"t p*ig 6y cheque. It was made out to me for Rlzo strd 3r cents: I nlver found out what the 3r cents were for. For purely s6' tinental reasons I madc a photocopy of that cbeque whi& f''etill have. I was intrigged *rat ttre cheque was made out bsc by a firm calliry itself the'F. A. EotateAgency'.It *ssntlisted in any telephone book or business directory. Of eourse, it was a non-qistent company - a conduit Stqr8b which all the iournalist spies received the! nar.
Pretoria discovered this was a rnsssivc blunder when one of ttre iournalist qgeats ehargedhis mind aborrt spying and told his handler that tre wisbcd to resign. Vheo a refrrsal cane throtrgfu from Pretoria, he threatened to show the

da

Bergli showed rare

I may have giverr the impression that H. I. oln den Sergb ** th" first t6 recruit iourndists as spies in South 4frica" He was not; he set up a secret service which iaitially was composed only of iournalists. Long b-9{ore HJ canre oo-the scene South Africa's Military Intelligence nern'ork had realized the valud of having reportefs as informantg "gr

, I. J.
*o*"a

' agents. So had the Security Branch. Several attempts ttirA" to enlist iournalists, and some must have been succegsr ' ' ": ful. But I know of two approaches which

wW

Sranch and asked to spy. $7hen he enCrily refirsed to betray his many Black friends, Pretoria leaked a rumour that he z,os a r"Lr"t agent. This shattered Oosie, who was a gentle, lovable hulk of a man. He rushed round trying to convince

in the early r96os. He was approache! by the Searity.

'Oosie' Oosthuizen was a liberal Afrikaner who as a repofrer on the Johannesburg Sunday Exprass

failed'

his liberal friends, Black and White, that he had been *amea as a spy because he had refused to work as one. Sadly, few people believed him. I certainly didn't Everythiig was against him. He was a typical rugby: playing type who actually looked like a policeman. In tho.se

F.A. Egt*teAgcncy cheque to his editor. Faed with this' ktsclo'ma no option but to tret him resign hrt not bdore * *rad aereed to do three thingF. One was to renrm tbe drssue. The second was to see a psydrimist nominated by ns6tir*d, thirdly, to sign an sffidavit stlitingthat he wa :'.*Sder o doctor'e care because he rsuffered from deh$ions ,i,l'sf,beiog a secret ageirt'. In *ddition, he ww vnrrrcd that toush rneas,rres would be sdap'ted by Pretoria if he ever ' oodraveqed the Official Secrets Act" That ionrnalist ws $is terrified him. Shortly ';$rsicalty a gentle type, and all ','t&cr resigning he left South Africa and settM in.Carlada trIcasrcipuUUay disclosed that he had ben a spyrndthe SwthA&itm'Sccrrity mco tgft him slonp.

.itays a U6&at Afrikaner who worked 'for an anti-apaf,theid' paper and had many Black friends was extraordiryW. incr""se the rumours and further damn Oosie the Security Branch made a point of harassing several of his close Black friends who were known to be politically involved. During interrogation sessions the Security men cunningly dropped false clues which suggested their information had comefrom Oosie. As a result many Blacks avoided him. Oosie became tfmendously depressed startpd drinking heavily and then gassed himself. At the time I was completely unaware that

fo

ih"

discovered the trandlers. Rest

S".urity Branch had falsely smeared him, and I tnrth only years later, from one of my in peace' Oosie. The truth finally came
t;
)

Another man killed himself after being asked to spy. ' ltVhen he refused, the Security Branch leaked' a rulaour to ii his editor that he was secretly sleeping with a,Black wornsn

ollt.

'

'1

'

Immorality Act was imrrrinent Vhen hr,was confrontedhy hig editor and warned that his iob was at risk, he walked inro hie newspapet's photographic darkroom ard gulpd down a large quantity of ctremical 'fi:<r'. His relatirres were btally mystified by his zudden and horrible suicide. I was told about this incident by a senior BOSS official a long time ago, and the only.details I can remenrber are that the victim was a photographer on an Afrikaans newspaper in lohannesburg, but his deatlr was reported by at least one new\paper, so his case can be inrrestigated. lFhen I first started spying I was told to inake as many Blsck friends as possible - particularly among those who seemed interested in politics. For a reporter on an etrtiapartheid newspaper this was easy. Not only did

ti " l**rU: Bog6:i:::-:i | who workod as a 'tca ghl' aqd trat an arrest under the
.:^ij

'
munist Parry (SACP).

rr. I.

vauriix

BERctr.

53

who were known to be meinbers of tlre. Sotit$;Aftic{$ C"oqi

Raphael explained this simply: 'Ve ih the'FAe werc bitterly opposed to this alliance, because we didnt waflt rscome to power with the help of \ffhite Communists. Tlley would have connived to take powgr from us and cre*ite,'c" Communist society. lWe Blacks would then still be rutdeff
the domination ofVhites and would never be able to rise,u$. qgain, because under the suict Communist cell principki. it's impossible to gather a filass of men togethef, in a revolution. As soon as anyone stands up to protest they iust chop offyour head.' ceivcd several offers offinancial and political support flom Peking. 'If we had wanted to enter into an agreement with Communists, we would have done so with the Chinese, because at least ttrey, are Easterners. But we refused because ws t' , . wanted no track with Communi.sm of any description

I{aphael told me that the leaders of the

PAC had re.

earefully sought out thqse who co.uld e&rcate me a6out the various underground nrovenrerits ia South Africa. One of the first comacts I made was Raphael Tshabalala, eecretly a regional ornmander of the banned Black move Blacft friends,
ment the Pan-Africanist C;ongress (PAC).,Raphael worked in the circulation dep.artment of the Rmd Daily Mail *ndl wss able to tslk to him every day; He expleine4 to rne that

msl$

the PAC was.a moderate Black moveirrent whictr was fighttng for tbe equaltty of Blacks in South Africa. ., llf we came to power we wouldn't push the White man intothe sea. Ve realize that wend still need the expertise of the lVhite man and anylVhitewillingto work alongside-us,
in harmony, to build up a new and better regime would be more than welcome in the peaceful and multiracial sociery we hope to achiever' he to$ me. . I found it hard to,believe that ttre PAC was stnongb opposed to C;mtrrufsm' but Raphael proved it to me by producing docunerts; Theee showed the PAC had bw Qrnred in rg5g when several leading members had broken -away frm the other maior Black underground move.rrcnt, t&e A&icao National C,orgress (ANCJ. They had done so because ths ANC had entered imo an alliane with Vhitee

Shaking his head in prizzlernent Raphael oontinud-:, 'Yet, although it's patently clear we in the PAC are totally opposed to Communism, the South African govef,nfirent banned us under thq Suppreqsion of Comniuriism Act: If that's not ludicrous, I don't know what is!'

;,tl r.il.'l;'lii,,

iir

:, i:r'

1..i :

il,r

1ff

iffi itrtf il.fry

THB BT,ACS WARRTORS .

5t

4. ..THE BTAOK WARRIORS

fvyrult yt- -rft-su
r
H

r! i i r t I rtr r tu-rsr r' -yur r r r r vt- _uly

Mr S" L. Mullen aqtrall), spoke in favour of X54. il;,,Ittwas of little consequenie to him ihat a Suprerne Coirt 'F, iudge had found the agent to be an out-and-o:rrt liar. . . r,:,:,.e{1t, yesr' replied Minister Muller. .But if a iudicial i, offic9r has doubts about the credibility of a witness in any
il.'.Of Police,

'particular case

it

does

y*_onty interested in recruiti"iWt ii" i"r*J: told rne he did not trusiBlacks. ff" *ia lS experience He .nrs as a constable o1 the beatin Johannesburg at the beg^inning 9flris career ln tt eigi", n"ti *aO" him very wary of Black informers. .'They're very unreliable and mostly inveterate liars,, he

tn

the first few weeks of Republican Intelligence, H. J, van

as ag:nts.

r,i

,$t

l":gl

i lhe Minister was unperturbed that agent Xj4 had ali'q port
edmitted lying during a similar trial in Elizabeth. Even wfgn h9 wgs asked to state whether agent:X54 ryas srill working for the security services, Minister Mu[er :,refusgd to answef. I know that agent X54 did, in fact, , continug to spy and is altnost certainly still spying today. The Minister's defensive comments in pariiarient gqve , policemen all over South Africa a tremendous boost. Cldrlv" lying spies were acceptable in rhe never-ending battie against liberalism and Communism. Hitler *o,r]d h"oe rry49d wryly at this Gestapo Charter of the Seventies, which gave the'Soirth African policeman an e:(cuse to connive and lie in order to gain a conviction. Vhile H. J: van den Bergh did not worry overmuch abqgt the credibiligy of his Black agents when trhey appeared as , state witnesses, he did care whether or not they were loyal to Republican"Intelligrcnce. When he started recruiting, Blacks he called me to Pretoria and gave me a special secrei assignment. He wanted me ro ver Blacks whjwere being considered for recnritment. My iob was quite simple. Whenever HJ had any doubts about a particular Blac$, he would get uniforrned Secwiqy Police officers to approaih the man and ask himto spy. Thei HJ would give me the man's name and address and ask me to check him out. Off I would go and interview the man under the pretexr that I was a lournalist compiling a big story which would expose the fact that the Security eoJid 'were trying-to recruit Black spies and informers. gxihiqing.: that the editor of my anti-apartheid newspape, wa, fuflo?' indignation about this, I would then ask the man if hekfiafln, any Black who had been approached and asked to spy. I
, worsr

witness has committed periqry.'

not necessarily follow that

suctr, n

hl tt9 s_o_on changed his mind, and several Blacks were rccrurted. Not all were reporters. Some were well_known grlqi-apaxtheid activists and a few *e*;r*;-#;:+;
again evidencg given by Black informers accepted by the corrts. The rnost'notofious example I can remernber concerned

said.

lc:l:ate vatlon that most Black informers were unreliable. TIme and

I^{,gpts

pT::d

l" r'i',."*i"giy

*ilJs";"r;

*d,g";w*;;;

publ.ic.'

.thought pdd 9: glaced in the positi;;h"*,;, poti"" witness, he could have an interest in the arest of " members of thi

$omeone

under cross-examination were false., The judgg added: otrt makes one shudder to think that

S S was formed i" i gO9 h" *;tro" to it as-1spy with a higher grading. ftis code number was.Xs+,.Td T r97o he appeared in th-e Cape;";il; &t the trial of twenty-one Blacks accused of sabotage. atl rhe ac"rrs"4_the tud;;in rh"iii"L m" |gq"l*i"g Justice Thergn, descrite{ agent X!4 as a'terribte tiar,'sayiriJ;He was the centfe of the whole State case and fri* a"i.erc

W*I"r

ptg$ agent rrtro I ryrs_ lnitially "i"*iiJbv n"prtfi-*" Intelligence. When B O

with the line of

and mentaltry

;f X;

agent X54 was never charged with per. . Unbeliwably, jury: \trhen this maner was aired in parliu-.n[, the Minister, I

f6'txsrg.s'Bos8. I ;,"

: .

wodd girrc tte ma$ a guaraatee of abeolute confidene, and pr.ofiiisethat his nme would nocbepublishedinthe paper. If 'he disclosed that he had been approached hioogg f silbmitted a report to H. |. van den Bergh waming him that fic man was a bad risk. But if the man claimed not to know about anyone being asked to spy he was clearly tnrstwonhy and HJ would give hi4 clearance for positive
recruianent. . Withto six moaths of vetting Blacks in this way H| gave me an qrchrsive interrriery in whictr he deniedaying to recnrit Blacks as scret agents. The story appeaed as a $Bhsh front-pager under, the headline lSA Spy Rings? Defirtitely Not, Says Security Chief',* 'Orle of my fust victims was Raphael Tshabalal+ thc man who taught me about the Pan-Africanist Congress and,ig anti*Coromunist pohcy. I asked Raphael if he kncw of,my Slad< who had been approached. Trustirg me he'said SeEufity mpn had interrriewed him one wee[ eartier. :.,'AlthouBh they adopted a false politeness, they still treated me like a servant. They told me I'd be well paid if I helped root out what they called Black C,ommtrniyrs and saboteurs. But if I refrrse, it'll be taken as. a gesture of defiance because Pm known to be a'menrber of a Black uoderg3ound movement myself, although tlrey know I'm no Commtmist.' .''She Sectrity Police officers had told him that he would b6 given one month to decide whether he wished to spy.or not If he did not,rhe would be detained without trial br phcd under house affest. Raphael Tshabatala was a tough

old politicd warrior, but he admined ttrat the threat of

detention or house arrrst scard the daylights ogt of hfun. Efther of these puni$nrents would stop him, earning a living, and his wife,urd ehildren would sufrer. But to hell with the Seanriry Polie I IIe uns going to refuse, He eimply ould not betray hie Black political friends. One week later a posse of Security Police cowbrys burst i& Raphael Tshabalala's co,ncrete egg-box of a home d * tohannesbtrrg Strday Er?rac;zR&ttrrrry ry64.

:;''.,...'',.,.:]'..,''].

58'xrlot$&:B0sg
rnd Rashael had to be t"elasd' in

&&titi*.q

tetrms 9f thc t8% tbc gave him a shmtbreather and ttren dtaind hil"-danotn& bng spell. Northing appearedinthe nervs-

Lo"*r about Raphaefs doubite doee of detention' This was l6U"Ufr because hundrds'of Blacks were being detained it *r" tiit". Fressmeo had no-wary of fnding out ebotrt most
of -- thesr. strain caused by total solitary confos' ttre polie interropton aoythiqg to tell i"*i,-tr" refused vhile hc was incarcerated political associates. trt" eG; den Eergh autlrorized me to give money to his H. i. "* help her buy food for her children' There was oo *id to **ttitt*ttuiity invoived in this. The idea was ttrat Mary

[:i]';';
:rr:tl:

Dit til*""*mental
Iti.i

n"pfrot

ftn fchh stilt refusedto work as a spy an4 !es-

fshaUalala wbufa tefl her Black frieods about ury kindreas, amongstthe ;Jihi", $aid HJ, would'strenglhen my cover spread and news The rigttt. was Itb*l-'.td leftifo'. He politicos' Black other many of friendship dre Uno"Sht me on" sPied be then oould rrho ''Vtfr*

nuphael came out of detention, his aormally cfruUty fae was gaunt. Under tlre terms of the ninery-day e'ch day' Bnt thc ffi h6 wife coutl have taken him food quite aPqt fuF:h: &stattce sne{ould hsve had to travel, Raphael-h*g imBossible this d-"f,*" food, madepap,* which mealie on ;;"d t*i"ty YT-gwe1 tqBt"* t-ralf ag-btqT.uqb md water ctrpof a m;;-tto&with in weight while.in ilh"i;*t ut&a. He lost forty pounds his fine Black skin' and stoodout, ;;ittl"-Ht" cheekbones a sickly ydlow' was like matroggny, shone **Tl"tr'"o"-t*Uy days any In *li i fett no pity ror nim that I remember' in those fully and I belierred efremy. Sh"k *it"t& ** th" ryq ;;;A;Pt -*t" Yiw ttlsi anyone rockiog the boat had inlv himself to bhoe when caught -Jt"t"A Raphael to tell me what it wqs like under ninety* a"v JetenAon as a Black. I will never forget his answer: -&';;.t " irnposible to describe. Try locking yourself in l'l *A ooft puby porridge rludc ftom Esize'Esli alao tqowns ilnrtlt

ncet,6&W.ii

adtlcd.

-:

Iltsr.EB,Bo$S' r

"'.

':

*refewreal Black &inhunists I metwhile spying'in South Afitca.|He neveldenM that'he was a Communist and virnrally forced the govemflieltt to list him as one. lle was ferocious in his haued of the ttr(rhite Nationalist rulers and their policy of apartheid. .Hj thought Aaron could be te{nedd inio spying if,he was offered a large w4ge. f went to vet him at his home at 5986 Orlando East, Sowetor and asked him ifhe knew ofany Blacks being approached and asked to spy. As it happened, Aatbn,had taught me all about the airns and obiects of the banned African National Congreesrso he *usted me. Admitting he had been asked to spy he said he would never agee. A f,ew days later he was pulled in by Seouity men, who gave him a hiding,and toldl him hE would be placed under house arrest if he.still reftreed to spy. They gave hirn one month to decide. One wek $eforo the deadline he fled acrus the bsrder into Swaziland. Again I p-layedlthe part of White benefactor and gave his wife, Lydia, money to help her. I retrieved the mouey from Republicm Intelligence by charging it rlp as 'expensesr. Richard Tliegaardt was a Coloured teacher widely knoqm as 'IJncle Dick'; His big mistake in life was that he taught non-White children to hate the systern of apartheid. But Dick did not.see it as a mistake. He was a member of the
banned African National Congress dnd devoted every waking

molnent to propagandizing hie cause. Pretoria stopped much of that by listing mrrr* as a Communist. That put paid to his teaching careef, arrd he had to take a menial storeman's'iob' far beneath his intellecnral capabilities
Excerpt from secret BO S S fi'les (rg78):

ii:
ll,1
':lii.,

'TRIBGAARDT, Richard George Bernard. Adult Coloufed,nale aged 68. Home address zo Oudtshoorn Street, Coronationville Colour-ed Township. Active
,i member of theAfrican National Congress and suspected of involvement in sabotage. Was recruited into the'South ,,African Corhmunist Party by Edward e'Eddie'? Rotx, fbimer Cambridge'botanist and author of "Time Longer

6a

. rxsrps toss

{6-*week wage earned by bis daughter Denise, a divoroee with a,little daughter aepdight. As atisted Communist, Dick could not be guoted by any newspaper. But, in a story disclosing his house arrect' I qu ted his daughter, who stuck her neck out bravely and sid rI find it vdry straqge that the Minister of Justice should as$uf,ne that I will keep my father in food and clottring for the next five yeare. I a4 not interested in politics but I am pUlded tok[ow how the Minister thinks I can zupportrny fsthef, my daughter and myself on f,6 a week.'* ',But tbc bully boys in Pretoria were not interested in sob otodes..They took the attitude thet anyone who lived in the sarne house as a 'subversive scherning Comrnie' deserved whx they got: During my sixteen years as a spy for South Africa I rarely felt sorry for anyone. I always found.ao exgqse for what happened and'it was usually: ,!I rnusn't weaken. These people are the enernies of the coitntrjl Irve adopted. They wouldn't have sufered if they'd betravd thernselves.' During the few weeks before the house-arrest order was imposed on Dick Triegaardt' I became very friendly with him and often went to his house for meals. I provided the brandy - which I clained on s(petrses from Republican Iatelligence - and Dick's daughter gave me either babotief or fsh and chips, which was all they could aford. I spent cmrndess hours ririth Uncle Dick, drinking and talking until the earty hours of the moming. IIe did most of the talkiig gad'was a fabulous racooteuf,. Most of his stories were bmed on his experiences a a youth in what he called'the Struggle' for Black_ frecdom. By the time the house-arrest order was irnpos4 I liked him trtmendously and was impresoed by the oourageous way he refirsed to knuckle urder to tbe regirne I was spying for. '.:;,Wlheer'the houseareet mder was senred on him, f was
* Jobannesburg Smday Express' 6 June rg65. A ttsaitional disb prepared by Colorued pe6ple in the Cape. ft @iir$ of qffted mincc with raisins, dricd epricots and/or almondr witb I srioury c8s toEping.slighdy bumt utder r f{st hot Btill

,,rr:

64 . rNslor,BosB

r.

.., :

to stay under tweoty-four-hout house affest. Uncle Dick

'iob the Security

boys went to his employer and put the inr sapng lnife 'This bloody bushman who's working for you is a dangerous Commie. You'd be well advised to get rid of him.' \ffhite businessmen in South Africa do not like tanCling with the Sectrity heavies, so Dick kept finding himself out of work. trn 1959 Dick heard that his mother, Mrs Maria Trie' gaardt, was seriously ill. He broke his banning order and

was ecstatic, but his joy was short-livcd. Whenever he got a

when Dick walked in and comforted her. She knew the Security Police would find out that he had broken his ban: ning order. She was right. Dick was arrested, found guilty and sentenced to one month in jail. I That,really made Dick mad. On returoing home he wrste a letter to one of his political friends. In it he stated'You had better come and get that special bundle of sticks in my
coalshed. They are starting to sweat and

rabed to her home. She was a delightfrrl old lady-'old' being no exaggeration: she was then roz. She cried her heart out

I'm getting wof-

ried.' Dick, the old rogue, knew that the lctter would be intercepted by the Security Police. Sure enough, three \[/.hite Security men raced round to his house the n)rt day with two Black constables. Their mission was to look for sticks of dynamite which were obviously hidden in Dick Triegaardt's coalshed and were starting to 'swoat'. Dick pretended to be dismayed as the White Security men ordered
ttre rwo Black constables to shovel opt all the coal in the shed. It took two hours, because Dick's daughter had bought a

mer priges; As the last few shovelfuls were throrrin out, Dick qouldn't restrain himself any longer. He_bu1s1-i1tto laughter. 'Tbat'll teach you to read my personal mailr'he grinned at ,itre three Vhite Security men. The cops got their ow:r back by leaving all the coal outsidc the shed; Dick had to hurnp it all in again. But he didn't mind. He ctruckled with every shovelful.

complete supply for the winter at specially reduced sutn-

66 . INsrnP

soss

of theBlack matl unless,they knorxr the truth about his living aonditions. Everyone has 89en slums, but Soweto is horrific' il;s a fsrbidden area..Whites have to obtain a special permit befqte they can drive into it, and they are never allowed in un"i A"tt. As a secret agent for Pretoria I wab free to go tlrire any,time and I did - hundreds of times, often qleeping

in Black homes. About one and a half million Blacks are estimated to be livins there, but the true figure will never be known, as a i"eo" n"*UEr of undeclared relatives and fiiends qay iifE"[y.-S"*",o was bor,n out of White selfishness, greqd a"d" ietite to perpetuate racism- It.is a vast resgrvoir of Black labour whiCh keeps the businesses and factories throbbing twelve miles away in the fabulously rich Vhite ciw of Tohannesburg' tft tr"*. Soweto is a bastard one taken from the firct two letters of the words South Western Townships' The Black residents derisively pronounce it 'So Where To?l It squutl kilometres and is composed of "inttw-nroe "o""rc areas known as locations. Thgse hayg y-rii different t*"tt ouaini names such as Zola, Jabulani, Mofolo and Zondi' .itti"t might welt conjure up an image ofBlacks wearing beaded tr-ibal gear and carrying spears. But nothing is nrrttt.t from th'e truth. A11 the residents wear European"ryf" t'-*tdtttr They drink tea' eat fish and cliqs. lnd a$9re w,*iCl,i"g football matches - iust like-the British Yotking^ rriqn. nit there the similarity ends. Soweto is a place of h.ia, eriodi"g poverty of the sort that causes ils-residents to search"through-municipal rubbish dumps i" Wh{ ar9as in the hope of finding wood to burn-or etnpty Pepsl-cola

*itt

and dresses, and the youth favours blue ieans and

bottles-for the few cents deposit o1 then-o' ,, The Blacks in South Africa spend nearly half $ei-r ry3qe **n , ott food (which only takes about one sixth of a $0hite be drawn i*iirv" earnings), and a sid indicationof this can Baragwanath in 1978 that ?ffi'*h* lrt*tfditto which shorv cases of malff*oi uf, which-sewes Soweto, treated r,ror per cent of the Thirty-eight alone. t"uio ;nE id itt

ri

68'.

lx3,tDB,socoi'

vel$, wi$"be Blackehililren of school-going age reading'c ecribbling away furiously. They are doing ttreir homerwor.k Sqlyeto mothss urge thern to do this because it?s better tharf scr*ining 6eir eyes inside the hornes. "sading For miles and mitss in Soweto all you gan see are endless

by

riuffs of govemment-built, singlestory, concrete houses ratlrer like enrde oblong army pill-boxes with small win-dows. They are identical, apart from the big white numbers
dapped oathe doors by government officials using stencib. There is a shortale of nearly 3orooo houses in Soweto. An average of eight people live in eactr three-roomed house, but lt is not unusual for twelve people, gpanning thres gensations, to share. Ofrcials quite often disoover twenty Uying in one house, with ten kids streeping ori ttrefloor ad four adults to each double bed. The South Africso govGlrp metn makes sure ttrere is always high unemployment in Black areas like Soweto. This makes ttie Black working furce zubmissive and desperate to keep their iobs, howevei uoiat. If onemenrber of a Blackfamily is out of work, the others rally round and support him until he finds a ibb. The world has been conned on the zubiect of Soweto. In

1955, in a brilliant prop4mda manoeuvre, the South Aftican goverament crtated.an areatlsecalled Dube. Here, middleclsss $ld,white-collar Black'workers were dlowed to build their own houses. A few ofthese are double-storey *&lrq rdth three or for.lr bedmoms. One, owned by a .*i*rorr even has a privare swimming pool. The srraller ,'Siilrses usually have pretty litde gardens ar the front with a , profirsion of oolonrful flowers and sometimes a grepvine ,.'trdned to grow across a trellis over the front door. Neariy all overseas tourists ahd VIPs are taken to Dtrbe $r an offidsl government gurde or a uavel agent who acts a8 ai Becret front for the high-power prnpaanOa meo in : &trth Africa's Departmeot of Informatioar.* No wonder ':. i,:1.:1.. ' *.BOSS hqs several utvel agents ready to esort irnpor,taot visitorg
to plsccs like Soweto. One of them is Mrs Moray Franz, who runs a sindil'sgcqcy in Bedfordview, tohannccburg; telephone numbii

6t6-'<4+

I .tl

r /-r -4*ry:-A. . l

'.', 'r

;1.."iljtit-n:|!.l4; .v. . r,, ;,:

':-

:j-

7.O' t'N$fDE- qOSs:'

Ir:r 'i

Pretoria's real attitude towards Blacks: 'Shoot the kaffirs if they get cheeky.' As a former propagandist for Pretoria, I know the. South A-fricangovernmentwill pull out its hairy old argument that South African Blacks are much better off than those in Blac.k African states up north. This is typical misleading reasoning. The Black in South Africa does not compare himself with Blacks in other parts of Africa. His frame of reference is his immediate environment. He sees the luxurious life led by South African Whites - the six or ten times hrgher wages they get, the freedom they have tb travel aod live where they like, and the fact tha! no White South African worker ever has to work on a iob whictr calluses his hands. An4 of course, there's that alf important vote that only the I7hite person has. . Pushed into a corner, the South African government will throw another slice of twisted logic. It goes something like

policemenr stormed in-with automatic weapons and htrd; dreds of tear-gas canisters; Official figures admit to a deach toll in Soweto, and other places to which the riots sprea$ of 4gg, with at least 3;907 people injured. That spells orn

this:

'In terms of the officially stated separate development polic-y thE urban Bladss are only temporary residents in Soweto. Their real home is in their homelands.' , \trfhite South Africa would not survive withoqt such con, vgnient pools of cheap Black labour. Not for a month. White businesses and industries rely totally on the Blacks ' and canriot manage without thern. Soweto is South Africa's time bomb where dre clock is remorselessly ticking away against the apartheid regime. It npeds iust a spark to set it off, and when that happens shares will plqmmet, iust as they did at the time of the Strarpeville *hootinp. A massive Black uprising is inevitable in South iAIi"ica. More than half the Black population is under ilfnty-one, and these youngsters are not stupid. Despite draoonian censorship of their political reading mafier, thy hqve an ever-growing awareness of politics and of ttreir

:-

72,'' :INSIDE 8OS8.,,.

1293 Dube. There he told me how he had taught his three elder sons to fight against iniustice. Pa*ick, aged twentp five, and Timothy Roy, eighteen, had fled from South Africa. Patrick was training as a guerrilla in Cuba; Timotlry' Roy was in Cairo and also involved in the liberation strugsle asainst South Africa. Ofi William then introduced me to his son Tom, aged nineteen, who also wished to escape from South Africa. When I told H. J. van den Bergh about this he said: , nlffhy don't you smuggle Tom out of the country? It'll gfye you an even better reputation as a kaffirboetie.'* -,Ota Wilianr thanked me profusely when I said I would take his son out. On the night before he was due to leaver Tom stayed at my flat in Hillbrow. I talked to him for about four hours as we sat drinking brandy in the lounge. Tom dropped the names of several Blacks who worked fot tlre under$ound and of Vhite liberals who helped tlrem in ralrious ways. Torn did not know there was a tape recorder hidden in the bookcase. The ne>rt morning a problem cropped up. My handler in Johannesburg at the time was Jack 'Koos' Kemp. He blew a fuse when{ tdd him HJ had approved Tom's escape. 'Oh, no. Not on your life!' he growled, going red in tlie Ibce. 'You can drop the Black swine iust before you reach the border fence. Drive away quickly and. I'll have four Security men hidden in the bushes to grab him.' With only an hour to spare before I drgve Tom Letlalo outr'I went over Kemp's head and phoned HJ in Pretoda' complaining to him that I would be the prime suspect if Tom was captured at the border. Van Den Bergh agreed and said he would call offthe four Security men who wse to have hidden in ttre bushes.

According to plan, f drove Tom to South Africa's with Bechuanaland. We travelled in my red Renault qnrts coup6 fitted with false number plates. These were t f An abusive Afrikaans term meaning'kaffir-brother" In the same 'White vho way as the American :'nigger-lover', it is applied to any
:border wsiks for, or attadres impofinnce to, the welfare of Blsck people.

t4 - rNcn}l soss

Oe fstecnatlonal Sdroot, Cceka 5, Opletalorn*, Pragga Crectroslovakia. Address then e/o Mrs E. -O-,i?pn' q' ,Strarrikova, Prague 3. Now works as a publicity aad research officerior the ANC. Present address: z6 Avenue afUot Sarraug Dakar, Republic of Senegal.'
Old William ktlafo mrsted me ompletely after

had

takenhis son out of the courtry. He inroduced me to many crther Blacks in the r.mderground. It was through him thst Elgar Motau came into *y lift. Edgar was a short stocky Blick who had been arrested early one morningashehanded to Blacks on their way to wgrk' [{e out illegal pamptrlets -Security Polirje office in Pretoria, where he was takin i,r a \Yhite officers, one of them named mb by interrogated was Ferrcha, Ai noon-the nn'o security men called in a Black eosstable, saymg they wene going to lunch' Fointkry to Edgar Motau they rold the Black constable: ' r, 'l,ook after ttris ctrap umil we get back; you hear.' Edgar was very b"ight indeed. RealizlnS those words ia a 'I,oo[ after this ihap'-were ambiguous, he betraved as desk tle on putting up his feet manner, coclsy very \e sx

ba&; relixed. He
Edger:

6egan io talk about Ofr-ce1 Ferreira; whaia nice chap hewas, howfriendly hewas withhim This ttrew the gta& mnstaUte ompletely. Puzled, he asked

'What are you in for, then?' 'Are you cl:azy?'replied Edgar, feignhg anger. 'I'm not a crirninal. I'ni one bf *re best Black informers on the Securit t Branch payroll.' .,So saying EGd adopted an officious attitude, p-ulled xirne mon{:out of his pocnet and ordered the cursteble to i"tctr rrm dt*a*icn aha a coke. The Black copfdtr for it snd *rcnt to set Edgarns lunch. Edgar scrarrbled thmugh tftc window ina escapea. A massive searctr was launched Sr him. IIe was brought to Johannesburg in ttre boot of .a "Asad rnade mntact wittr Oe Letlalo family, who told him *xxit meand asked rne if f would take him out of the couitry ae quiekly as possible.

6
-

r r.}lsiqB,Bossr'r,

,: :]

il! ft;;.# ffiilffi ;;g"d ilt*ttt.rri ;;';;"pt q* :;;tid;h" ,ffr;;6..yi"g 'lGffi'd$io;tt"id H""Gtt oi ttt"- went up norttr-fo^r .1*1",9-3 fight for- the"*ti. ffi;orii-fich** who would renun an$ph91:tP,T{

pe wbcn Fish'Keitsirrg was very frimdty towardspicked up a lot of r and Mil;;ffiffiaroot 'uon"tv" retugees African gave South from hinr. He frc th* to stay in Bechuanaland aded as a oonduit for funds from over"rio lnt"testea in helprng politi* retugees-fron air tickets il"r,fr-A6i.a. With dlese funOs-he pgid-for vettd new refrtgess'to flv north' FT,l South not and genqn" erriva!$ to rnake sure tfrey trery to infiitrate ttre rants of the ANC' '' otsu"ds of mento safetv o'er&e

q$q

il;;;";?iii".kt
Fistt-'*A

Bergh. for identity-chcking ;btttil; * rr. J. van denFishiold me was ttrat he had oittgt ;;;;;;. d"" south African "rin. ferrying when us! iust boueht a van to *gt'd de19qs| van H' J' il""t'"*trand. H,nl;"ro;oi Two him' b."*.to alt ;;"ii.d;;i-"-;hen r reported dayo few a border the across South African agents slipped

in South Africa' r took of his secret -group whrcn mernbers several

uP the van. naa ueen smuggled out ofthe country' Old ff. f. t"" Oen Aetgft decided to tryiecruiting approach and.r official an made ;;il:-s;*tity"officers trre usuat way' old william told me all tt it ,tp ,16*,ft"Git ty ttre Security men and the spying ofer' '-'Ttrcr, must bL mad' was his only comrnent' was certainlv midwhen tre n9g-{1hx' on b March 1965' old-williern'

later and

:-

It"iT"*

blor

ldmo

yitliTt

iru"i'li

it

r#;;;;-nionthslater,
fA not talk

'fiact

v;-ffi;;dh trn'enty-four-hour ffi ;";w-fi;"; was placed under left tfs ttltte nser he vears ;;;;;:F;t-ih" nenrfour intolerable. and sad was him for ;#;'b";*.. t*iut"rno to anyone in his home-except his family'
iirfib*'arrlt"d;

mti to his wife, rrilliam had to so ryd eit in another room until they left' To talk to him 9Ye"3e constinrted a visit' The A; ;ffi ilv g"ta* wouid have was lit bv oil lamps' It had two il;"hJ;u""tT"oom
"na

78

. rNstor,ross

him what had happened. Bridge confessed to spying for-the Security Branch in order to get money for his pargtg. \ilhen i aeftci"a in 1979, Old William l"etlalo was. qill living

rz93 Dube. But he is a cripple. Doctors say,lis legs^became ioiio" after being confined to such a small area for eight
]tears.

"

Lazarus Zwane was a fifty-tn'e'year-old Black messenger errployed in the Rand' Daily Mailburld@,Johannesburg. Hiwds a secret member of the African National Congres who trusted me completely. One day in late 1965 he walked into the news room and said a political associate had introduced him to an unusual Black man in a small non--V'hite ;E-;;by.the gtact had told him that he had iust come fto* n*.iu, where he was trained in guerrilla warfare ahd *Uoug"r and he was looking for a safe place to slay. -, ltftte-** had shown Lazaru$ a,_South Aflican half: qo*tt *itt which was really a mictofihn container. I found the story hard to believe, but the ne:rt morning Lryqus sfrived at my desk and handed me a 1955'South Afrigan hutf.oo*o *tti.tt looked genuine but came apart whelr unscrewed. It was a work of art. Unabl'e to believe my luek' I showed it to my fellow repoftefs on the SffidgY Express, one of whom, Bili Smith, held the co-in,!s Phgtographs were Aen J it. Tully Potter' a keen young liberal who later. had

orer arested by accident, for being drunk, let's say, or on suspicion when found in a resuicted area, it would be vitallv important for him to get rid of the damning widence., fn most countries, and cenainly in South-r\frica, s/hen a maq is taken to a police station he is told to empty out his pockets. All his personal possessions, including 6ank notes, cigarette lighter, watch, etc., af,e placed in what is known as a private property bag bearing the prisoner's name. If thE man being searched has a few loose coins in his pocket$" these are thrown into a petty cash box and a receipt-for that amount is placed in his bag, which is given to him on release.

'The beauty of this little trick,' said HJ

as he handled

the microfitn half-crown, 'is that once it's been throrun into the petty cash box there's no longer any proof that the man was ever carrying that coin. The chances of it being detected in the police station are slight. It would probably get pard

out to another prisoner, and it could be months"before it

hls press pass withdrawn by Pretoria in vengeance for an anti-government story he had wriften, was very astute' E:<ariining the half-crown carefully, he sai{t , 'It's dehnitely a microfilm container. I'd be careful if I wefe you. This could be oftremely dangerous'' Hii remark was prophetic. After the police laboratory examined the half-crown, H. J. van den Bergh told tae had -frui f""". *achine'ground with great prechion' i, 'I'm keento trace the man wtro owns itr' he said' 'I don't

triuk 'he's a sabotew; he's more likely to be a spy' A Russian ncent active in South Africa can't afford to be caught with microfilm all his secret ilt".f "f his spying. He'd therefore tucked ay.qv-i1th3 safely them keep and Mosiow to iJ"po* tiJttowed-out coin. There'sa ornning reason f,or this. Ifhe's

accidentally unscrews and falls open.' H. l. van den Bergh told me I could ofer Lazarus Zwane up to {z,ooo if he helped the Security Police uace the man who owned the microfilm container. I told Lazarus and, although he was a staunch ANC supporter, such a huge reward tempted him. He was very poor, with five children to support. His wife, Ida, earned dz a week doing the weekly wash for a White family. When Lazarus agreed to help the police, I passed him on to H. J. van den Bergh. I never saw him again. About ten days later his body was found lying across the railway line at Ikwezi, less than one mile from his home at rz58 Zondr in Soweto. His head had been ctushed by the wheels of a train. I don't know who killed Lazarus, but he was definitely murdered. His head had actually been split open by an axe and was placed on the railwqy line afterwards in an artempt to make his death appear accidental. f do not believe he was killed as a traitor bI hir Black political associates. I am sure he changed his mind about betraying his comrades and an over-zealous, Black police agent killed him by accident or design. .. I have several good reasons for making this claim. The

5 , ]OURNATISTS AND JEWS

ffl-fYw YffYIr Y--f A-TgYLtrAr YY-Y-Y!-YYYfUYYUI

Another speclql assignment for H. van den Bersh J. was *:J."tttTq ot fbreign journalists visiting i South Afriia. - rne btg problernr' ,is that all over$eas , told me, .he journalists take a definite stand when they come to this.,.,{" country. plpers. The others come here with itre deliberate Intentioi of attacking us. But they sll claim to ue unuiasea eviil well-disposed towards us when ttrey matce i#-;ffi;i"i ""a
app-

our favourrparticutarly when they

Somb come ap genuine friends and write

,"it"

fb"

{il;i";

stori;t"

ligation to enter the country. rlhere you can be ujeful. Vhen f,ve any doubts 'That's . about any_foreign iournalist, I,ll ptant you on him and it,ll be your job to find out if he,s up t" *ti] apartheid srories. If he is, I,ll quickly """*"r. "-r,plfi"g have him fli"G8 o"i, One ofthe well-known journalists i u*tt"a *", ia"A;;L Beiclrman of the Neu york Herald Tribirc, who visited South Africa_in July 1965. But in rhat case ffldiA notiiani me on him; I met him quite by accident. Iiwas;id;rrn; and the first edition of qry hadgon" t" U.O went to have a drink with ryyspaper friends on theitatr "-"i Johannesburg !?d"y Times, There, t" .h" i;;;;;,;" "iA;';;; room, was Mr Beichman, talking to ihe then J,""
Times,

ffi;: d;il;; .Wdffiffi;; police. be interested h p"? In- any care, tnislirrl;;;6 state, is it? The liberal
f'm
'

When Mr Mervis introduced me to Mr Beichman, I wasted no time in asking if he had experienced trouiti yltf the securitv police since his ""v This was a trick question I always p"t "tiiuuri"-so"rit to oi.1ii"g as it gave me a chanceto make i q.ri"t *..".rrr"rrr. you can alwaystell the right-winger. rris unrw.r t;
aware of the

Mr

Joel Mervis.

"i;il;

.
l

problerns.'

iournalist usuaUysays

'

D;nt

;;;i

THB TRUTH ABOUT THAT BOMB. gp

wardef, recrrived a broqn-paper parcel contaiqdng banknotes

to the value of {rrooo. The parcel was sent monymoudy but I understand *rat a short note inside it told the warder that nobody outside the prison would be contsdable and, that the warder must affange the escape with John Harrb.: The note added that if Harris succeeded in his qcape a further {6rooo would be posted to the warder. ,;..irr' Harris and the warder hatctred an escape plot whieh'l
would be mounted one or two weeks before the date Harris. was due to hang. On a particular night the warder gave hirn a suit of civilian clothing, a toy gun and some black shoc polish. The polish was for Harris to daub over his face so that his skin would not reflect the moonlight as he sneaked out ofhis cell, climbed a rope over the wall and iumped into a car parked near by which he would use to drive to fleedom. Convinced he was going to cheat the hangman, HarrtsIrv

in bed wearing the suit and waited for the warder to opn the door at z a.m.,as arranged. Thd door did open, Bu1 instead of the warder it was a smiling H: J. van den Bergb who walked in and said: 'Come on, John, give me ttru dring you have in your pocket.' Astonishe4 John Harris handed HJ the toy gun. The warder had been planted on Harris by HJ right from the start. He had been told to offer an escape plan to, Harris because HJ wanted to capture Harris's other, associates in the underground African Resistance Move ment. But Harris's friends on the outside had foiled LIJt, cunning plot (although they may not have realized that &e, escape plan was a set-up) by sending the warder his {rrooo
payment anonymously. In this way, only John Harris knew the identities of his friends outside the prison. As he stood in the death cell that night, H. J. van den Bergh offered to let Harris escape if he agreed to spy for South African intelligence when hc
reached Britain.

But even this was a trick. If Harris had agreed to spy for South.{ftica, HJ intenrded asking him to disclqse, a$ trosf of 'good faitr', the names of the people involrrcd 6 trc

hilidSIDElBrbsi.S;',,:,r
,

: if

':

;Sdry,Qrols allrrost certainty irwolved.'I think we migtn hnrc ",ps,,arr$t in the,nert twenty-four hours. Keep it to yourself ,cud lr'll gwe you first news of the arrest.' ', ,r,:'Iv1y tr,eart leapt. I knew Johnny Bradbury. He was a Oockney aged thirty-three who had worked for Charles 'Richardson in London. Not only that, Bradbury knew that Richard Aubrey had borrowed my gun on the night of the kifling. Now I really was in a desperate situ'ation. The Murder and Robbery Squad section of the South African police is composed of huges tough. men who rnake rugby ptuyo" look like pansies. Unlike the Security Police they 'don't have to woffy about leaving totture marks on a suspect'$ body. If they think you are Cuiky' out come the nutcrackers. They apply them to your testicles, and there'is no man in the world who can withstand that kind of'pain for more than five seconds. Ifthey grabbed Johnny Brad,bury, it was definite he would tsll them about Aubrey borrowing my gun on the night of the rnurder. . ,Ihad no.choice. I had to do something at orlcer But I did not contact the CID. I contacted the most powerful police' man I knew - my spy-master Hendrik van den Bergh. He wns out of town when I tdephorted his home but tr uaced

him and asked for an urgeot meeting. Tlhensrt day, when I sat in his office, L poured out my problem' holding nothing back. I was almost in tearc when I mentioned my criminal past and how I had genuinely tried to start a'new life and gos$aight. He was fatherlY. - 'Donit get upset. Whatever you've got involved in we can sort out. There's always a wa,y.' He was surprised and concerned when I mentioned that Thomas Waldeck had been ttre front rratl for a government ofrcial. Hl, obviously knew the govemmnt official was a ioglre, becarme when I mbntioned the man's narne, he -cighsd. , i 'Oh, no. Not again. We've iust got him out of one mess and now he dsks beingnamd in a mutder case.t .: r' Xt was only then ttrat I realized I had nothing to lryomy g$qut.,,fiving,to Pretoria my mind had,been full of,self-

l0,," D.g1ENTIOM DIA,RY' '

'

,i,,,

:ili

116 days I spent as a r8o-day detainee I experiiaried prison cbnditi-ons in three different establish' ile"t".:aU *"te the sarne and were still the same when I lsft Africa in ry79. South 'Most ;: of the cells are kept spotlessly clerr by Black convicts. All offices'and corridors, io prisons and poiice cells have floors so well polished you can see yorrr face in theq, kept ttrat way b'y squads of Black cleaners who slithgltgund wi'in *i* piec& oi cloth tied to their bare feet. All Blacks in orison have their hair shaved off, Yul Brynner-fashion. All orison blankets for Blacks are fitthy and they often iernained unwashed for years.'The date of issue is usually starnDed on each blankei. Some are twenty years oH. All prisoners, whether Black or White, sleep on thin rope mats. I haa a bed, sheets and a pillow. The qtrarniry of food gi-ven to White ptisoners is prescribed bythe ifealtn Departrnent and is sufficient to keep a man fit. buite often, 1g[i,ls ftrisoners who are overweight 'on entering iail leave as slimmer and fitter men with'longu life expectations. But the food in iail is mostly overcooked, repetiiive and depressing, q(cept fol th9 meat, whlch is out*anAingly good. It is from cattle raised on prison farms and is mainly served as curry or stew. Prison butter is rancid' potatoQsaf,e third grade and puhy - and the beans are full of smd, although they are tasty. The once.a-week boiled rfish dish smells high but tastes all right and prisoners !,row 1p like it, as they do the iancid butter. Prison coffee is you like it black and stong. The nightcap cocoa spsb, -like if brown mud but hot and sweet. Englishmen hate is pri$bn tea but.sonth Africans seem to love it It is called hooaUoe (Bush Tea) and has a strong sweet herbal taste.

Dtrihg the

fu 'bap, too*s'li*f frc: dippingp frou*e:qryii'tfo hcdhb;.' incltrting the trpigp, and ib baid to be & tcddr- '' ' r, Ttlhie prlsoaers ff eveqrthifig trith a''spuif,i;,',8t8#, usually have to use ttreir hands. The food I saw givq to Blacks always looked like oongeded poffidge with e.fi&d of thin meat soup poured over it. The prison diet given fiE;t ", Blacks is far inferior in guatity and quantity.to that supplla*l',i - | to Wlitea. Unbelievablg thie ,t," :i::,1,._J Whites nile is offigially approved by the,Health,r;Dflir*b*,:,. i:, i;.1"1 l ii:ri;,ifl ment. The idea is that Blacks do not need the same'srddi$iii .tl,'ir;r:ilr of nutrition as lVhites. It is e strange af,gufierit, partiri$*bl#i': i r:rl'; in,viewof,ttre fectdrat Btack conyicts do allthe htr;rla6o#i" in jails. I askd a head warder'hbcrt tbis and he told'adet ',j ,:,:j).f 'Ah. You see, Bl'acks don't like the Vhite man's food or hb.

trt

' Vhaterrer thcy sa5 the tnrth is th6t tackg rrc,alwltt. hungry in iail. The South African gwernment will stroogly deny that and might iust ctaim that things have changsd riince 1966. For thot resson I include an,er(oerpt frffi"tbe 'new and revised prison rations gc*lesr l&ictr,crme,,fuill;i"' &rse"in 1972. According to an official annorrnocmoutr made' ' by dre Minimer of South African Prisons on r7March t94d1* White prisoners were to be given 2,352 grams of bread sch . ,. , : ' "i. week. Blacks were to be given az4 giarrg. * Whites giet 85o grams of meat a wedk. Blacks 435 gra6*, Whitee get 34o grams of fish a week. Blacks r45 grems. ,.Whites get 5oo grams of mealie meal porri*e: Bladrg,

cgokingnrcthodsr'

r, '

i,'',:.,'

1j

fro3o

Vhites.get r75 grurls of powdered milk. BtackE nil. .,Whites get &uit, pailrt buttci osts and dreree. Blsck$

gfems. :'

.: "' '

'

White superiority is rigidly observd in iaits. Wher e Vhite prisoner pa$s a Black convist the Bhck alwaye
stcps oqt of his path and pays homage by putting the tipq
:-:

are rrot allonrcd any of thcse items. All racee get an equal amount of pcatoes and beens,

of,his fingerg tggether in prayer fashion:with a r*Eixff[$i'o bow of his head or a polit'Crood morning, my boeeio'.^,* *. Prisog't'rcad ig hmrqmda and veqi, goOd:t . , i. ; r,' r .t";i i i ,:' :
:

DETBNTTOF DTARY. r+5

,'$ocll,pii*otrcr

aIuryFE

ssmds,tthffi[ioCIl if:a"!ffhrte' vqau&n

&:,ifgr:to,himr"'the,Blaek' glust sh-o$r':total subcewimce,b; ,b&,out both,,hirnds* clrpged togerher; To 'stretch ottt lust dne hand is rqerdied:as chowing:total disrespect fot'a -Shr.rc skin, and a tnurcheon,blow definitely fbllows. There' ts'afiother strange nrlc,.for the Black rnan in prison. A'fter e ,',serdor has spofien to'hid he must walk away backgtards'
r

wncs

alxt\rhse :s*rr:lnirii'a:nd if, 'thc warder haad*

my-

j,i;:,#i

1*ffi,thi.ba& of,trn, geek or kkk,r.rp the baekside. I$h-en a Itf&*, t$ hit,llko dtir he ahrayo laqghe'with" lgt;never-gi t* ,r*ffi'White,bod$., F$r gorne stoange reasonn aod. I never dis:,,sip{pqqred,

For a Black,to,tura his hck oo'a chek. ' , , ,lvt'd6rs'to Wtita of the attinrde ftw errceptions ';:,Mith lBkek prieoners ii atnocisus. Tihc ctanmonosr-*49.!*td ia iail are 'Black bastar{t"'Yorr,biloody,kaffirl and 'Kwda k*"L'.* Every o4der given to a Black is shouted and nine tirre$ out of ien goes with an accompanyrqg'.shove' quff

tmiw,as',hE

does so,

VBrhe malr,is ircrcdible

ifur &e, wmd{ur actually acpect' zuch laughter and ,irte:angry if ttre"y do.not get iL 'OsJwarder always swung hie,tnracheon ag&i4st Bls* lcosvic-tsl baaksides when he gave,an order.-'All tke Blac&s knew this, and some of thenr werc rccnarkatly adroitrat ekipping to avoid his,'blqffs" I asked him one day why he
did ir lBlacks me like ehildretr* man,' he replied. 'They love
when You PlaY garres.o

it

la4y Wiite warder {n ctrarge of the si*.tiey,:hrt it is fte White convicts who are looked after so weflrrlffit&c Blackai Every rnorning all prlsoners have the O,pqrnlni,y;to _rport to the sick bay if they feel unwell. They are,Srrptpt'o., cessed by the warders in their section. A V/hite with arlilil headac*re always gets ro see the doctor. B-ut, as the,drjki&ris, usually kept busy attending to the Whitm, the numbwilis Black:patiene is deliberately,kepr to a minimuni. A.Bl*&' sutrering paln is meated by a medically unskilled who doles out headacte pills and rreats rninsf, curs and bhih; rashes. A Black can only be sure of seerng tfe Big..{$l!$ge, Doctor if he is screaming in pain and cannot ger:upr Ttitre is an added aspect to this whictr is hair+aising. If Whltc warders @rinot see anything wrong with a Blagk, theyiend. to presume he is-shamming to get offwork. The outy'til.6g all races get equitable treatment in jail is when e dis.s"e breaks out. Then it is action stations for everyonel add,,**r haustive are taken IAI(II I.Il in the IIfE Klfcnens. '6L!YE precautions kitchens. . . .:; ] ,.r rl,lr i.r..,,{:j P,tg&;itLltl.(-}l&s ilIE ...:||! Not all White warders are brutal. Thd oldcr.oncsr.tend.ttP,.r'j,;t i be more relaxed. It is the youn& u:reducated.rtmeorr*tg,.l,':ili beats up Blacks all the time, particulanly if,the Btgckspqa**;, '. t..il.i well and knowe three languages, as is often the'case. Thc more educated the Black, the bigger the risk. Ther. is,whry ,. ' nearly all Blacks tre past-mssters at playing snrpid: . ( On the fourth day of my detention I was moved .to:
.

!.,i,

, Another-warder, a habitual neck-cuffer, sirid the - monotonY for thgm.'

llt

breaks

This. is not the fault, of the Vhite doctors who visit the ndson every motqinS. Thepare decent and conscientious ineer.tApd tlere is no doubt,that the South African Prisons ''Eepartnrent buys only the bestgnd most e!(qglsive me$i-

1h;'r."y-hotut thing about prison,life is the rnedicEl tt".tr"""t ii"* to BlaFks - or tir*fd I say the 14rk of 1t.

:eilrm'and drugs,,I know because I spent several days pltttiqg hrndreds of iupply dockets into some form of order forthe r ' * Mcqniry: itrmp; gEt ug therct otr daneq"

told by the Prisons Department headquarters in prrtotib _ :' l that I mrrst be well treated as I was a State witnerrs. $qe, that reason I was placed in the sick-bay area. On my rigtrt ' was the qrcellent hospital iection for tVtiites which had terr comfortable beds, toilets and bathrooms. On my,Ieft wss. , 'The Madhouse', a series of dark cells each containing,only a rope sleeping mat, two blankets and an ordiqary kitctren bucket which acted as a toilet. This was the .-hospital, sestion for Blacks. As a privileged prisoner l was allowed books, penp,.pcffi: and even my diary. To relieve the boredom of prism.r,oir:

Johannesburg's Fort Prison. The governor there had been

tine and the long lonely nights when all prieoners,are

loeked

r,

t";,Hff:p.*

8..

"Ff;

at

.i'

Ii

DB"E!6T&0N D!'ARY

r.4?

;ti&fhe,

,ps. throrg& 1o,S *n0.I:k@t e tnetierrls$ of e\rcrythiaghappg*ing arpund rne. In keep; my cover as a liberal iournalist who worked on an tbeid newspaper, and also beca$e it endeard me B.lark cenviets, I watched and lisrened,cardully for

:lj*&Ur.il1-treatment of Blachs, Occosionally

was unable to,

tliiltdbtai.r the,full. names of certain prisonms because tr could iii":Oot rttke the:risk of interviewiag Blacks while the \[/hite il:,;.ufardffi werE in the vicinity. L still have the diary and it
:rrr-Xryglr(h

beyond doubt that Black .rpnvicts are .treated

,,,, !r,,"r : period of thuds and scrtarns ', 17 Januaqy': Late yesterday or early today Black prisoner beaten up by Black warders as he lay on the floor screbruis[ii .lr A senior warder hit and kicked him, claiming he wss diahl# .,, :r ming. Thrown into cell and left. Found dead this mornipg., Body placed in cell next to mine. This death may be rdd
,r
.

16 January: Early morning. Another flurry of activity. Three long-tertn Blacks made a break foi {teedom. Tbo I were caught as they clqmbgred ovs the wall, A otre"hgurr,

,.

lrri 8!@pu$try. i,,, ' Ii choosing excerpts from the diary I have ignored daily detaile which are repetitive.' I wish to mahe it clear that w.hen compiling the diary lwas careflrlto leveout hundrd,g o.f iocidente of a hearsay nature. I only entered thing$ I had ,'6an m, heard myself, or thoce confirrned to;me by at least .trr&witnesses. Ir is.also irrrporturt to strcs that I was in a ernall section moetly cut off frorn the rest of the prison. God .&ngw*what hormrs happend in the main area. to Janrlary rfi: I have been moved fron Macshall $quare po.lice cells to the Fort iail in Hillbrrour- 3,ooo pri3oners are held here. The govqrnor shook my haad artd said he hoped my stay would be a'happy one'. I learnt two ncw phr-ases used in prison; Pony Expres&rneans theprison grapw.ine; Donkey Prick is the name given by Btack convicts.to the truncheons carried by all White warders. rr January: Discipline is ked by prisoners being promotd to groups known as A, B, C and D. The higher you
go up drc scale the more privileges such as lettersn visits and to-bacco. Any rnisbehaviour and you are demoted. have

to escape bid on 16

spent each day at Hospital Hill Foli@', ,, typing a roo-page statement for the CID on thE Station Bradbtrryfffaldeck case. The statement was abobt my pa$t and how I met Richard Aubrey, the Richardsonsand |ohnny .,
l

t8toz7 January: I

January?

':ri:ri;r:r,,,

Bradbgry.

iust been,told a convict named Gray broke,bmtr'anklcs esceping over the wall, although,he was, vre"ring'lq irons
this morning
,,,':t14

b@$e

hc had tried a previous Bcape" He was recaptured

28,|anuary: Captain Piet van den Heever and Sergeant Pat du Toit drove me to Pretoria to see H. J. van den Berghi ,. He told them I \il.!s one of his agents and,they should,look:,r'r after me. HJ said he had arranged for Bram Fischer to vlsitr. ij the sick-bay area for a blood-pressure check late 'in th*,, evening. I qm to quiz him, if poseible. At 8 p,m. I siq ttr:thg sick bay playing draughts with warder Du Flessis :ae arranged by my handler Jack Kemp. Governor calls our Du Plessis as Bram Fischer arrives. Bram completes the draughts game as yre talk. Bram gives me a dog-eared Edgaf Wallace book which he says he has read five times. I give Bram the book Witnest by Whittaker" Chambers. I try to pump Bram. Get nothing. He says he e>rpects to get life imprisonment. I ask hirn how he can be so casual about ie He says: 'Every ounce of me believes in what I have done; They can keep me between four walls but they cant cage my mind. I can live with myself so I foresee no menral r problems about staying in jail.' I thought he was stark raving
,

mad.

January: 6 a.m. T.ong and loud scre.ams and thumping noisee. We were all kept loeked up uritil l.(J a.m; Carse: Aa s-ld man bad died of a'heart attack'- Race not known:

z9 January: Meet Bram again in the sic* bay 7 p.m. gq is still in solitary. Tells me how he and his wifeo Mollgr, adopted a Black infant years earlier and brcught her rrp on

t
T

DETB}iFTI'{}N:.EI,ANY

r4*-

d'krms with his childlen- Gave her an orcellent edncr 'but,wag ratlsr d-isappoirted:when she took off in hr
aad married a Black tCIri driver in Pretoriasick bay. \Ve talk gives me another listens. Bram warder and ;.ilr fu1td-n'aninuts he nol know how managed to get do W,allace book. I :;${gar f1,,,

knoqm, has begl ib,'hadhouse on bread nndr;ymer prmi*i menft for eightda;n I srnuggled liver sandviph:asd tOm*tb

fli;' i..gerlanqary: Meet Bram again in the

1

,;:.'

E"r: fmuary: f snrpidly, tell warder Greyling that Brsn l:*:; :geve *: th: secdnd-Bdgar Wallace Pl. {::rto tlft'."* me saying he will give it to the Security Police as it.may : ontarn some secret code made by pinprick holes onertein

punched him twice on the left side of his face and once,t4#i.:l,, ttre ribcage on the right. Edwin's face registered noemofiffi,;,i#

to him: 6 February: Disovered todey that Black eonvicfir. .a as Edwin, .aged,nineten, .has been kept in madllauw-of$F two weeks in total solitary. A,iunior white warder,L&m out at 7.a.m. today to run dnd empty his bucket;:'"$9.,. slouched bqck to cell the warder grabbed him by the'$1ffiI|,,:i1;;

pages!

trventy-six, came into madhouse" section' He is from 695 Ztilu Sec*ion, Morocco, Soweto. [Later address-2517 Rock:

,g. February: Black

conlict Michael Matthews'

aged

The warder tells me he is 'a bit mad'. His surname is Roog1 ,.',:,i:1.1r. dnna; His mother is Susan. She lives at 56r lftagppg., ",i:'

He iust stood there looking vacant as he was beatfii ,,, i#

Township,Potc\efstroom
warder.

rd$qrSciw-eto.l

,'bydenburg.

IIis i*w

was broken,when police beat hirrr

in

the prison with sergeant Pat du Toit and we went to my flat for tea. Vhile there I paid the caretaker, Mr Voigt, the rcnt for my flat. Piet cashed a cheque so that L corrld b*y a radio to use secretly in my cell. Sergeant du Toit droveme
to Magidsons Electrical store in Hillbrow where he watched mti selec-t a tiny transistor radio, batteries and a long ertension cord with a plastic earpiece' The owner of the shop' :'Bernard Magidson, said, in front of Sergeant du Toit: i*Iow come you're {lowed to buy a radio? I've read in the oeiwspapers ih"t yod'r" doing r8o days.' Sergeant du Toit replied'I'm going to stand outside. So I didn't see him buy any radio.'

:4 February: Captain Piet van den Heever took me out

of

; :r:' thrown Maseko in 7 February: Black convict Jimmy madlrouse section eady today as a ltroublemaker'. Sent for i., psychiatric obseivation later in day. 'He's mad,' says th& "ll,
io F.o*""y :''Pnsonef, Gray w.ho broke both enkls ttylm , ,, tiii to,escspe on rr January, escaped again today'rpith:hl|i,',,,,1:.il ankles in plaster and using crutches. Escape zuccessfuL ft& j iil was recaptured on z8 February, escaped again on t5 Mareh and was caught again on r7 March. It was his sixteenttr
successful escape.]

rr February: About 9oo Blacks arrested in police swgops on Pass Book ofi'enders in lohannesburg.* Rumbliog,gf
trucks and bangiag of cell doors kept me awake until:3,&.rD;

'

named Isaac Nkosi' aged t7o Mali Street, Mofolo North, Soweto, 'Ee*ing twenry-month seritence; Plad in madhouse today. ,Suffering fever. \trfarders will not go near him. Packet of ,@in-kiiling pills thrown through his cell door by warder. [++ft'there all day and night. Just: lay and moaned. [He .',scayed like'that,until rz February and was then moved. Nothing further known.] Another Black convict' name not thirry-three,

5 February: -of Black convict

lvork in sick balr today. Sat and watched as trvelve Whi1tr and five Blacks queued up to havetheir temperatures takeq. They were in separate queues. Thermometer used foq the P"r. Book. Failure to produce it on demand is a eriminal " and an average of 75o people are arrested every day for nqt, offence,

r3 Febmary: Helped warder Du

Plessis

do his papg

* By law all Blacks in South

Africa over tlre age of sixteen rhuct

e"ry

doine so. Also known as Reference Book, it contains weekly signaturgsr by employers, a photograph of the owner." tax receipts and all oficilBl endorsements for residential and wort pirmits in speqified iqeb$tt r.u.rav restricts movement and choice of occltpstion:' B1och*'lcrlt',tt thi Dompass (dom means stuPid).

' '

r,,ffi i'i,lpai'br, s o$$

1

was in a'small,bottle containing cleamy-u*titc "'i I'l'{ieuiA. The one used for the Blacks was kept in a snlall 'Urow" iar marked-'For Bantu'. I asked Du Plessisw'hy, He . . ; .*pt*""d: 'We have to use a stronger disinfectant for .gla.kr. Their germs are stronger than ours.' ,'- ',.Jq t$;P::u.*:"f mv hands iiii,' j I kicked the cat. ^{*Tg:1,*:^1.LYt on it. had sfter the cat iumped Sydney Buthelezi, aged Black-convict February: ' 16 l: -kno*n tJames Bond', suffered .' by nickname twenty-seven, "' alarm by banging raised p.m. Bla*s Other ,:. " a fit today at 6 got up from hisdsk warder A Vhite shouting. and m doors ,, |* t*=ttW *i"",es laterind threw a bucket Of coJd rryatet over o tt" t*y writhing on the floor. Witnesged $ prisoners il:'.' him Ali,'Latib ? Osman and Charles 'Pa'-: ' Benjarnin' who is in fur.mutder. ,17 February: Talked to 'fames Bondl Buthelezi..Hewas ,sentencd to a irine- to fifteen-yeapsntence onzglrolry65. His home address is r35o Dube Village, Soweto. He has a scar in his 'tanoo on*ris left arm and a police bullet wound ileft armpit. Says he will return to crime when he'gets out,
ashe has no other Profession. zo February: 'James Bond' taken away from madhouse
\

'6*

DBTENT'IO}I ---:------ DIAAY

. I5r
:

z8 February: Taken to Pretoria again to soe tI'. J. van ddn Bergh. He tells me my problem has been i,&lved. fohnqy, Bralbury has made aiu'llconfession and I will'only.-app$m as a witness ln the case in the event that he rnight de$i,the confession. On returning to the Fort Jail I was tippc*a'# that White warder Danny Coetzee stole meat, anr {ipq-$q, i and a cream cake from a food parcel sent in to me b1i,a) friend. The theft was witnessed by James Patrick Hartibp,' , Cotoured convict working on the fpsnt,gate. Harris is'kb6,itM1 as ''fopeye'. He was born on zzlttlrg34 and is serrrin$.a

ffve- to eight-year sentence for involvement in the shoodry of an alleged, gang leader, Sherrif Khan.,flarris tells mc-ttr has a.steel brace in his back because his spine was seriously damaged by a warder who' deliberately slammed an iron gate againsi him. Prisons authorities refused to let'Hafris lpy a charge of assault against the warder. [The warder was

laier jailed along with four other'warders for kicking a Black prisoner to death in Leeuwkop Jail in Depembbt,'

r9n.l

chap. Would

4 March:

know

if

Warder'Dupe'du Flessis says I seem a debeefi' I keep my eyes on the Blacks and,let hklr they are doing anything wrong? 'You be ,'the

section. --

:' James Bond rreturned to madhouse covered in cuts anA fruiies. IIe had been whipped in mistake for

ii f**."y

another Drisoner named SYdneY. z4 February: HJ wants me to quiz Johnny Bradbury' It ,tvas:arranged-I speak to him 'accidentally'. Bradbury tells mE'that trE is surL a prisoner named Hern< Smith has been to spy-on.him, Bra{bqf claims he caughi pf"*a -Smith in his cell going through all hb private letters' az Februarv: ?.?o p.m. A Vhite wa der gnpped the shirt him of dloured *"ii& Gitbert'Cheeta' Bouwer, whirled ooffence'? ,asainst the wall, punching and cuffing him' His fi. n"a told 'James Bond'Buthelezi that a relative had been waiting to g"i a visit with him since rr a'm' Buthelezi never g"tG oit?i iit'relative was told he had been moved to
''snother Prison.

6 March: 'Cheeta' Bouwer punched in face by, a \[.hite warder and hit across face repeatedly with rolled-up newst$(litness Fritz Hesse. paper. - -8 March: Prisoner takes overdose. Stomach purnp uced

stock-keeperr' he said.

to save him. 9 March: Same prisoner takes another overdose. Saved again. I think his name is Levy. 15 March: A White warder stabs lighted cigarette into face of a Black wearing a brace in his mouth who insisted he was entitled to pain-killing tablets. 18 March: Coloured prisoner Charles 'Puni' Beniar,nin tells me a Black was kicked repeatedly in stomach by oahef convicts on Christmas Eve. He complained to wur'denv:ho was sick. A warder Stephens gave him water and left hfsnalone all night. Found dead next morning. Cause ofdeath:'

by ld<nomn, lxirodef
rr

'; Wsr&rr Du, Plessis cql-

'i., bnfly,,,*ci

i:.,.,gqi6.i&f,dl: Blackrtrustee convjcr lalls* and iniures himsdf ury. r$(lell treated by Varder Botha in the sick

m*ch: Black:cqnvict Andrery Morake, aged twenty, .jrrir i. i:' ; ,'' ' **#, prison number 4o8sl64 from Vereeniging district. fifteen years.:Thrown in madhouse 16 Mqrch witb SFpg . , 1.':fterv{ly bandaged anklei Had slashed his artery with razor
.tgldrme that they left him b the ell for several days with e6ly,a plate of beans, one-blanket and a sleeping mat. Has atattag over his right breast. Thin scar over.right eye. L.ater in,the day two.rlfhite warders take a l,ong, blswn, realistic rg&bcr,ienake ;isto Morqke's :cell He'b terrified:of soakes ma scramUtcs round the cell, screarning. ,.'::i'g*,ldarchi Ar.g.4o &m. a:White warder bmrrght another i,:fu:rryatch Morake back away in ftar from the rubber snake. ;*[orake deliberately banFd his head on the cell dosr repeatedly to knock himself,unconscious. This was witnessed by Indian prisoner Ali 'Latib' Osftin and Black convict Elias Moloi, aged sixteen, prison number rjgr5l6j, hwe ad-dress:g31 Tladi Tou'nship, Moroka, Sowefo. Ivloloi wears a;ailler ring in his left ear, has a circular mole on,his right 'cfusek, scar under his left eye near the nose aad the name .lBbe';tattooed on his inside left arm. His unrbilical cord sticks oul very prominently and he has a scar on tbe cmfte of his left shin. z4 March: A White warder barks like hyena outside Morake's cell door. Uses rubber snake again. Now abo has I grry plastic lizard with white spots- on it. Uses ,this to frtsh-{n Morake on three oocasions during the day. All -inqidpnts witnessed by Puni Boiamin and Ali-'Latib' .,$mrarr. Ali Osman has a shop in the Indian township of I*ngsia snd is well known there. ':'j,,'5 March: At 4 p.m. a warder arrives with Black witch dffinr to &ighten Morake with stories thatmorister anakes

bt$r;:'

fi1l.$rspt to bleed to death' Varders say he.is a loafer who i{Sditto get offheavy work duty at Ieuw}op }ail. Morake

warders whispering outside my cell. One said-to the otlw: 'Tell him he's got bail.' The first opens door of Bolus's fttt but says nothing. The second shouts the bail message.'Eo,{ shouts something rude, Disappointed, the warders to Morake's cell to aggravate him. Morake screams. r April: One of the worst warders transferred from Fort Jail until October. 5 April: Black convict Elliot Simelane (walks on crutches)l , placed in madhouse. Kept in solitary and never let out ' even to empty his bucket. The cell can be smelled ten fee[', away. The only time his door is opened is when a pfaqe of.. food is pushed in. [He stayed like that until his release rul'',"., r

4.2o p.m. the warder shouts through door to,-Vldter Lebanese prisoner Bolus: 'You will stay here for,,,otrniii Never go o1rt.' Bolus is an old sick man. At +.gS trr,.hg*},

are coming to eat him tonight after dark. Morake scr@med in the corner of his cetl..Ali,Osman qnd' Vilfred Sentso witnessed this. Sentso is a tehcher whce farrldy lives at 75 Joan Street, Newclare, Johannesbqrg. At

and'cowered

-sot

rr April: Coins worth {r stolen from my cell while I was out. Only warders have keys. r8 April: I was helping'Dupe' du Plessis with his paper work in the sick bay when five armed warders brought in fourteen Blacks with serious head injuries. They had been involved in a fight with other prisoners and several Black warders had been sent in to quell them with baton blows across their heads. All fourteen had long, deep gashes across their skulls. They lined up in two queues. A White warder standing on a chair and a Black prisoner narted Benson Seleka (home address rrr5 Naledi, Soweto), standing on a stool, stitched up all.the wounds. [The fourteen men were not given any pain:killers or anaesthetic. Their bravery was: mind-boggling. Not one uttered a sound as the curved stitching needle was repeatedly dug into their heads.J zr April: At 9.4o a.m. I saw a White warder grab $ydiley 'James Bond? Buthelezi in a neck lock and bang his head*

for fighting.l

IS

*p.til I yat tota he had been given this punistrment

ir;r,ri$5oap*:,Maior W,olmerarc visited rle to.my I will be ilifiiffiring as a witness in the Bradbury trial tohrorrow. t,;:Sffrdonarans is:a deoent officer and well liked., "iir':,;','.,.;,6 April: I,givc evidence at Bradbury uial It was rrot feqlly,naeded. He confirmed his confessiqn' ...'r,2g:April: Takerr to see H. J. van den Bergh agein in ,,lBretoria, He is pleased with trial and has new plans fo"r my i,filmre. At g,45 p,rn" Johnny Bradbury slashes his wrists whh a razor blade in a suicide attempt" Warder Botha was very'sympathetic and treated his wounds in the sick bay. z May: Bradbury found guilty. Sentenced to dearh. ast 'I released at 4 p:rn. Interviewed by the press. I tell them trri.Eqn@aditions arc.:very good. This wss headlined"by tbe '''*,fr-ikaarn press.* The Rod Daily Mail dtdnot believe me.

tp himsclf.

;:Cbief,I$-arfu,Botttd rralkd roqad the ff!ffi t&is.rHe.was $o aogry b thresteoed to bedt ths
:

IT . DEPORTATION
{lnfrfiatirrtal!4t'
iJ
t

ll!

'I think it's tirne we deportcd

a few days

you,' said.H.

ifter trry release. I wwastounded.

J.

van

* yot can go and infiltrggW,,,li1ii with;A;f"* "rp"uuatv Ttle rpaHect case has given"nci'd'l r';ili;'r *"*io in London.
',#trooT deportee from South Africa,'the leftise in Lodon tritti : ,,';
accept yOu

ffi;; *o*. .rtit cover for rd 4''u*+itr;,ii1;1

oPen

wi*r

*
-

did not reply irrmrediate$, ;Yo" o" ttavi an inseasetin salary'and etftra !r['etr!sr' .]:;i -'ou @,;'r1 HJ added. 'And whetr you're tiled of it ovcr ttrerer it
always come

arms.t

'' .

';

Di6 Transtaler,3 May 1966.

.1"::

'

to eet back. I put this to him. 'bon't worry. John Vorster will know about our privr$e
agteementr' --i{""tiriog he said.

:ft ntrt ttring to flash through my mind was, o*t* if $,..i " ltm 6'rer there? IU'b Stuck. tr'll nerrer 'be ab& dies while
that I'was stitrl uneasyo HJ chuckled *^d ott$ in General*J. M. Keevy, the Commissioner of Police' who
occupied the office next door. idordon's going over to London to work for us undee :&b gurse ise ofbein! a deporteer'he explained to the general' ,;, 1tr. you'in because he wantg a-wiuiess to

back.'

- -;-;-

,,-.,i
,
:

fact that

iG;"ll"A I\e

promised he can come back whenever'he

+"

General Keevy beamed with delight. He slapped m on the back so hard that I nearly fell over. boy. Good luck,'was all he said' ,t '.'' 'Good luck, my HJ said tni aeportation papers would take about th*qf Inq@,1 *""iir i" proces, thtough fhe oepartmgnt 9f thg tlre'f'anisus for timaworking spend-that I ;; [" *gg;tted Bllu.t *l!ari* Drun and its sister papr Posr Thisirhe

Dsaq*&i[:rr, N:' t$7r

iinertlr would help'ine,to garn even'better qqn-lacts amoa$$
,S&rltes in-South Africa are often touchy about great skill, ,and,getting intemiews with ttem often calls for If you ttre Blacks. so with Not brashness. cuth-and iven .I*tn press card saying you are frsm Dnmt, they pull you " tleit hsmes and rush to put the \ettle on. The Black ,,iriblde ,aths are phenomenal places foi gathering news stories. In Blacks bdore l left. :
,

'*'Wotkihg 6n b'uft, and:Posl was a fabulous Bt(peficnce publicity,

the country penn nefitly before Jan van'Ri&qeck qid hio boatload"of Dutctnnen landed at the Cape os'6,April r65a ,rr"lr,:l to fomr the !first eivilized settlementl. Acsoridiltgrto f$g .';rr''; Ssuth Aftican goverffnent's propaganda machinpr tklonly
p.eople in $outh A,&ica when Jaq van Riebeeck arrived wcrp nomadic Black tribeg. This is arrant nonsnse but'yotr @[ find it published in most history,td:rtbboks used in 8dt#h Afric-an schools. 'The truth is that archaeologists of wqtrfl
.1
'

.,i

Soweto aione there are between ten and fifteen murders I iqrery. w6ekend, quite apart from all the ' sepret :politicel aoiiitl'gol"g on. i enioyed,the work so much that I fourd myself willingly working a sixteen'horu day. The editoi in chief of DrM and Posr was Scots-borg

manfully coped 'C,ecil Eprile, a hrilliant neurspqpermabwho my hard work gonounced'sfiutter. appreciated He wlth a m *och ihat he offered me the position of chief reporter on Posr ln Cape Town with a much higher salary. I asked It. I. van den Bergh for permission to take this iob and he ,,tigteed. He had sorne special assignments for me.to carXy dt i" Cape Town. Buion a6 Aulust, iust as I w'as about to uavel down to Cape Town, the Department of the Interior slapped the deportation order on me.'H. f. van den .Bergh gave tne permission to ignore it! , Clpi Torrn is a place of great sc9ni9 Eu,toy' with lush . 'veg"tatiott and superb beaches svsllooked by the famous ritte Mountain. Life is more relaxed there; the hustle and bustle of commercially-minded iohannesburg is nearly rlooo miles away. Working for Posr was made more enioy'a6t" Uy the Coloured people ryh9 livef i" ^Cup9 Tgy"' There are nearly three million Coloureds in South Africa,
and,the,Cape Coloureds have a ulique vitality and "lnT*. Th-ey also havea sharp sense of hutnour-and are quick to tell you how they, and not the South African goYe-rn1ent: a sophisticated , rr" itt" 'real basiards' in South Africa. It is ioke-

repute have, by using carbon-dating techniques, l*l' conclusively that as far back as the fifth cemury.,:R&d$,,',,,i populations in South A&ica had established ther,nselveErH-, lar,ge vilages containing houses with plastered walls,'gilt floors. Their technslogy-included the smelting and smtthing of iron and copper, Hardly nsmadic people! , ,,:. 1: The South,Afiican govemmeritls explanation for ,thc
,

they'interbred:with other races and peoples' without actudty saying whictr 'other race*s', And that is exactly where the Colourede s@ when they call thernselves the 'real bastards', They poim,, out that.the{e was a scarcity of women when Jan f':m,&ig:.,, beeck arrived at the Cape, so somq of,his,\Fhite,setdrs fraternized with the prettiest of the enslaved Black girls found there. Exactly nine months latu the Coloured'ra*e was born. They do not like that clever joke in Pretoria because it elearly suggests that the Coloured people in South Af,rica today are the only people indigenous'to,fhs
existence of the Coloured people is that

':ii1:. .;1

1t,:,,a

.,"The goverrment justifies Vhite rule by saying.South Africa rlghtly belongs to Vhites because nobody lived in

country. My spy handler in Cape Town was a handsome young Afrikaner codenamed 'Abe'. I liked him, but he was,,so security-conscious he refused to give me his zurname. He was badly rattled one day when I took a photograph:of John Vorster standing with other cabinet mernbers on the steps of parliament. In amongst them, standing out like a sore thurnb, was 'Abe'. As a joke I asked John Vorster who the good-looking young man behind him was. 'That's Conradie, one of my bodyguards,'he said. 'That's interestingr' I whispered back to Vorster. rlle also happens to be my handler.'
, .' r1. : ':.:,:
:'.,ilr,!

i,i"ll

'. ';.il: :i;7

...t,ji.\.

:'

'.:iil

r .fS{SIDt:''8{I$s

q/ithin five days of my trr-ival in C.spe Tmn, ttre Eor*h ' Affcan Prine Minister, Dr tlendrik Verwoerd,.was stabbed 'rt&'d@h in perliamerm.. Tlre ssassin \ilas a padiamentary .;mg$S@gef ntmed Diisitri Tsafendas. He was found insane ri*nd,eur*nitted.for life, and rny most valuable contact in :::gpYefnrrsrt, Mr Balthmr, John Vorste4, *'ss appointed ,,:kcrnir. It was a red-.letter day for me and I cetebrated it by ,rfgikipg fur &loured ioumalists out for dinner. ';:;..oltt'l4' October 1966 the deportation order,was firally ..ittrtd and I uras placed in iail pegding erputsion- Front'irye,,publicity was given to this and ft fras officidly anr

'. Abe rever focgare

me for drat

sidrcd dre book oo the desk at JohannesbtuEig Marshdl'

-. *6Ua *"ily When I saw H. I- van deo Bergh in Pretoria tr t$A'ge

h"u" found that"out' But nobodyrdid
up a nely iob in London
Features

Sir*" p.li*

station and any iournalist

botbe*ingtcchd

*hyG had needed:to see me urgently' C-ecil.Bpdle, l't& Jior of Ortmt qd Posr, was leaving South Africa tq-.-tg,t
to run a $et'up known as Forum 'Hets"go' "whiJtr witt service newspapers all over the q' features. But I cao teltyou the whole thing iS *i.tt "**" ':::'i'.ti'::'''i' ftom" cIA - f"o*i"g that I was extremelyfrieadlv *1*
HJ told mJ I should ty to work for: Fontm World Feafure+ in' * t*t* rtar"i*d tironaon. He gave me 9nF mare r*r*i"", 'Keep ,yout ars open for'anY gossip;abqut' top:

nound I would
brcitts

be deported in a rnatter of days.* But two days later my handler, Abe; rushd into my ell sayirxg I was

9tr*89"q

as,'&ere trad.bden.c srldden Bsgh- wanted to see me in ;lftetsria before I unas depor,ted. This guv.e dre bueaucratic police in C,ape Town a peach of a pmblem but they quickty ':solved'it"by gr.vmg me an ofhcial lemer, typed on htxrded police- notepaper, explaimng that the Commissioner of hlle had granted mi an exension of stay so.thet I mutd osetth my aftirs in srd.Fre.toria'

rfug6 in plan* FI.'J, van:del;l

released

;;i;

itta'tru"i"g affairs on the side.' As I talked to IL J. ; den Bergh in his office thst d*tfi . he compfimented mJ on a 'good giece.of wgr!' I had:don&'''" re$,1 3ot 6;is6veri"g a chinese smuggting ring'::I'did had gone for:
the oJmpfiment. Some time earlier tr ai"io-"iG Chon Hing, a popular Chinese restalrranr'in

Britisir pouti"t who are homos*uau or rlar'r'id'

.

al"."r"

being deported. It sounded good but in that safire lenr the rcat rason for,the entension was also spelld out: on my 'sriiv:tl in Johannesburg I was to srange an interview with no,n o(hf, &an thc head of South African Intelligence, H. J. van den Bergh. . .f dmve up to Johannesburg, where tlrere vras )t rnore ,confusion" A senior police officer saw me drive past hirn

Johannesburg

before

Net Out For tournalist' .and Gordon:Winter'.f I coyered up for the snrpid :'gfficer by pretending I had forgoaen to report to the poiice r@ mI arrival rn lohannesburg. This was a lie. I had in faa * Qeipe Times and Ranl Daily Mail,3i Qctober 1966.
stories headlined 'Pclice
"'SPotie Seek

I was on the run. He told a group of pressmen as much at a polie nerirn conference, and within two hotrrs Johannesburg newspapers were running
and immediately presumed

i"tt*ooU,rts. Trylng togt into conversation with a ;yo-ung' il-"i* ""*.i go Ctt." fat, I had discovered heoould ryt' ,p.ut **ota of English. This was odd, because Qhinese ap to. t"tlL in South Africa; a[ the Chinese fur -do"rf, "i"i?il*"d efti"" were born there and all speak English flirently- ' clear that Mr Ho Chee Kai was an illegat it-wau tt "t"f"re I had tackled Mrs Yvonne Tam' the owner ot immierant. *,"-tF"***t, and she confessd that Ho Chee Kai-wql

;;; ;iih;*ands of refugees who had fled to Hong Kongi from Communist China. -criminal gang ittJ"a explained that a highly organized promising thema^new
,*tt
ua"""a*g" of these rcfugees by

Johannesburg .9rar ard Die Transoaler, rz November 1965.

life in varioG parts of the world including South Alri@ sold--th" refugwto' iilil*; a'form orsrau.ry- The gangeach' In returp'fbe Chinese restaufirnt owners for {5oo ;ri;;;t;worked without pay for'ilree or four years' After

rii{,.:li:.:tji'l'tr1i.

ili:il

iii!.:

r.ll':it

r'',rl.il,ffi:

r1

'

pria io legat eurployees. Speaking to Mr Ho Chee Kai i"tetdt"tur, I asked him-if he was happy with lhrougrt "ti this afoangernent. He said he was delighled. my head and regutrar , 'Mrs f"* girno me a roof over , meals which ie impossible for people like me to. find in
es

working in this ri'ay to pay of their debt they,rlvere. siven the option of continuing to work at half the,-normal w13f

overctowded Hong Kong. And in three years I'l1get awage had seen this as a terrific news story, bu1 H'-L' v*t 9"1 B*;gh saw it from a completely-ditrer-9n1angle' When Lhad mJ.jtionea to him that Mr HoChee Kai was a refugee from Communist China he had blown his toir' stop this kind of thing at once,'he had said'

well.'

*inJui"o""t. tf ttrey're caught they confess to being illegal who came as slaves. ,immigrants tI' -can't tnount a big investigation into all these illegal Chinese immigrants beiause Ho Cheel(ai and-his employer' Mrs Tam, wiIl realize you tipped off the police' To cover If he's a genuine v"" frij,it, have Ho ittee r<x arrested' that he doesn't it Io11fix China i"f"g* from Communist g"t E"portta. Thqn you can irnmediately write a big story tris case. I'il use'that story as my excuse to mount a ' IUout bis clean-out of all the other Chinese illegals" --Th;i;;s what had happened'-HJ had arranged : for Ho Cheeexactly Kai tb b" utr"tt"d'by accident' * hg yalked in ttre street near the Chon Hing restaurant on 18 August ige3; e pofice officer had walkid up to- him and started ;fitki"g;" him in English. Wheo q9o{ Ho Chee Kai was
ifotUt"

nlf this is such i ftightv organiz'ed cag!: t*: lack$, Ylu infiltrated have they that A. il"a Ct inese knJw ito"t it and this under Africa South to to come some of their top spies

-;wi *"tt

'

io *s*"r, thi polige1an had arregte{ lq ot rsuspicion. He was anhonest little chap and he had adrnitted police ;;*thi"- when he was questioned at the -station Chee Kai had 6fi;h; interpreter. onio August Mr Ho and a magistrate
npp-.r"i"a in an out-of-the-way courtroom

'.fu ' t*$.I,DE;soE8;

'Part'Two
"ndisclosed
cause at an und'is'

oarliantent was told thet an unidentified man had died at

ffiffiitrqg;'.i-;;f
c!opd@'#Ihee.'

an

-,::l;&A
1,..'','l

, '

govemment. Fo*et iuicides in iail, so the police interrogators were told ve-lve1 glovee lO o** the rernaining Chinese dtainees.with giu" ther,rr lu:rury_foods, radios, playing cards and even

*ftb"

"-t'ihd;

deaths came as

a terrible shock to the South The last thing it wanted was a \ffave

l2
Vhen

A BAD START
the Cape Tovsn Castle

rliiriese books to read. ,'i ' -l,H, I..van den Bergh was thus unabfe to mount a rnassive -Chinese'r showpiece trial as he had hoped' The ed detainees were slowly and'guietly released' Mr

i'"iililiiiiii*1"ft

I ,l 6i*tu Bennv Low, a respected membel of'the Chinese comApril rg6z after being ;;i.]" was iailed for three y-erys i" chinese enter sevenren helping of charges on h-"u"a d"ritw involved in were illqaltl'. Some State *ffiJim:usgling - l#ttiitica r;cket, br.rt H. van "q"i+ to Berghman4ged den J' '
that-out keeo -i-n"a
was m3 to had police escort a iali"a.b" rz Dlcember'r956 lPed the Cqpe board placed. me on and docks itt"-C"p" Town C^tttliner. My fare to Britain was paid by the South

drewup alongside the quay.4Nt':l was iisl' Southamoton on the ;;t"td of zs oecemoer I uv t'"r"" dozen reporters' Thev gave *" ii#a time for fiiie"lt minutes by-asking s9me vfy

" quesdons, but the stories which appeared next-qay abrasive

picture of rrc ;;T;:i;;D;ttv Tetesrary-h published-a Eally Shctch the and briiistr-tea of arp nrst *v ""i"vG it ip bv quoting me -as s-avine'r have not ;#il; "*trv Africa chucked me out' rt's a the slightest idea why South

mysterY.'

ofthe Press' aheady lefl South Africa when Benny Lb'w

who auizzed me in thelounge of the ship'

*'{

officfql trt was also a mystery to the British-immigration

nrtlitais

H;;;;;#;; i"tav

wim.esi t" -AYIT wfY did-thef :' deponationl,so fot !,'rounds

;;"s*e

**

African government, which, although I was a d'eportee' the 6-r[oA ofi.not a singie cabin on an upper deck that had allowed was also I cabin' outgl an belng of uaJ"J i*"w io ltf." a littie present on the liner - a,btand-new Datsun inrny name' 'Bluebird'motor -i;;;tJ;J"**v car, registered frJm cape Toyl Harbour' a news oroeramme was broadcast over the ship's public radio Corpora;;#;. It was the South African Broadcasting was that itun lead the and bulletin .io";t i"""tttime news on deported been had British a Vinter, iournalist, GOtaott my passport from * Copt Town Castle. As I was getting anil th;;ft;t;soffice, a prissy linl-e old woman bustled up to that cabin ne:rt the in voice: itrriit 'I'm proti*""=a in a 6"mmu"ist fellow Winter and I insist on being moved at
once.?

io*i

really exPel You?' he asked. I was verY careful not to tell a lie which migtrt latet reliound on me. --;TG the aupon"a rne for political reasons' and tha't's

truth.' - di*rirr*, he wrote it down in a book and said I could go' n" tt"att" suizzed'me turther' r.il^;i;?i : 'Afd;t-car had been offioaded l"+ *" liner I drove * i""a#*J s"ttr"i*;tt u;*"tt flat in Earls Coqrt' 06

f?H*i"Isfi *m*r;;trJ*ffii;:;ffin posea-as a Fitst Secretary but wp in

That's South Africa!

irl"i-s"tt""*"n,'*ho network in il ;d head of souitr arrlca's intelligence ttry qt gave ;;i"ii;. silils in his fourth-floor gffice Iq* B,"Igh,^t::f African press .",a - tayit'g'Ht I' 1* South ru've uvu*r London' r've bQgi me to feport to you wrt"" f ariivea in because HJ IltE sguth.Africa I'rom ;ilfurffi;Jd over here" me to *ork with You
,ril
.,'1.,;t

lt:iil,

1l.,riii

': _ .
iiii: me polrtelv" yet his manner was cool. riuts6uttot gooa. n tt I hopeyou won't mind if I check f:' il , .: vse:ctrt with Pretoria before we continue this conversatioa'' , .,* 1-fiittpa mv Sotith African press card, saying he would

,.

C.gfO ETARA;

j1spr..,

ffift]''

|;'

'.

pi6o .sii4b,dapper fellonr, shook nry hand

ag.ld

welqqffi
:

some wsy you're ohviomly seffin-g-Tf uq&r a story. :'ma{: suDoose vou trav* *. calrrerernaq 'fuAaetl aH'{ry',&ri

giia it to Pretoria, through the diplomatic bag, as proof of {,.dr., .'' $ :. $y idCntity. As I left his office, Piet said he would telephone i,

;"kt"s pi"tuto of no,together. But you rron-t',thfrh'dp ' utrong,so'that you can rnrrite'rxfcic'$gf3rr aoinj "nytfr-g esnUirrassingmygovemmenr.' -lisuddenf -'; i.';;it: sunglasseswl&

:.sie
", ,. ,f

Embassy phones, so.I must ringyou, and I'll do it frop s Dubtic call box.' . Rr f waked out of the Embassy I congratulated myself iou no* being in the 'brg time'. Two weeks later Fiet did not ohone. One month later he still hadn:t- Six weeks later it oicurred to me that Piet Schoeman could have mislaid my telephone number. So I went to the recsptio4 desk at :{hi,Embassy.and applied,t9 see hirn. Minutes later Piet schoeman came bustling out of the lift wearing h heavy , ,shogkud orr*t*at, trilby hat pulled down over hisfrtetread, ,'g;pair of dark glasses, and a tlrick l3Tl.*tapp"A rosnd his neck so that it covered his mouth. Walking to the reception d.esk he nudged me, whispering 'Follow me', and squrried off out into ihe street. I thought this was taking security a bit too seriously, but I followed ar-rd saw him vanish round the corner into the Strand. As I turned the corner I altnost bqrnped into him. He was standing with a ferocious glare

porrt

in nvo weeks'time.

ever ring me,' he warned.

'British Intelligence taB

err

realled why he was wearing a scarf .oppeA hatf round his &ae. He *wanted to be nn; ;;"s#bGli"..a*" iEA 3. rhoiocrarher rfqgtd'; *-a. I ouldn't help it, I ir'rstburst out laugt*q :, amalr "*"il.rtr" ilw[ ttt" *ott, thing I could have done; He stomped fu I'U or d me'again near cosle ever stroutinf'Don't

fif

'i
lil
i'i
il
iti

police . . r'

'-i

**ff..a to the N(impy bar acrms the road for a ctip 'd tea and sat down to think it all put. My first thought wgs. ' bull about ;;. tI. i. o* den Brgh had given me3'load ofhe had qai$r *"trtioe m. to spy for-him in Britain. Perhaps gnc could quietly he and Africa itti. *i *"tfd leave South '. rndic-: didn't That no. But fuss. any iust without rid of me (inrpidi , r"trr" U""u*"'1py heab was full ofsecrets. HJ wasnt -ii" t".* *". I was a iournalist and that if he droppedtme
as-a friend could write massive and embarrassing nevs stories about him in the British press. --li w*t trom" to sleep on it and formulate a plan of action' The next day retuined to the South A{tican Embassy,

:i
iij

{
q

i l

{ .i
'I
,.1

'

on his face. '.What's your dirty liale game? What are you up to?'he demanded. Surprised, I asked him what he was talking about' He pulled my South African press card out of his overcoat pocket and shoved it at me. 'That's what'I'm talking about. I sent it to Pretoria and they'',ve retumed it saying I must keep away from you. , Youlre a bloody rascal, that's what they say.' I couldn't lelieve it. I was so confused I iust stood there with mental elamp. Piet Schoernen got even angrier 'I suppooe you thinkyou're clever, trying to set me up. I know nothing about spying. I'm a career diplornat and in

oretended tobe using the library'section and slipped upitairs when nobody was looking. I walked into Piet S9h!f mr*', uffi.. .and, thank goodness; he was there' As he i"*""a uo fiom his desliwith a wild look on his face, I' go-ing to attack ;;;;" quickly. Now he knew I wrs not -; ' g,ra fre Uactea against the wall none the 'less' hi*. --li territory African S99th you on ar top. you realize and I can have you arrested for breaking and entering,' he

-Jtoot
said.

gently on his desk' " ;sena that back to H.

out my Sou*r African press card and placed it-,,

::'")
' "

I. van den Bergh personallyr ffEd to the Blitir-h ,*rr* ia oying I'm " tat"at then I'm going oths Sor*li many I, and how S*d"y firies lo tell thesr

.
166'., rN$rDB Eoss African iournalists, have been spying for Republican Intellis"nce Dlens fservicel for the last three 1rcars.' " I saw frorn-the looi on Schoeman's face that I had got to hirn with.the mention of Republican Intdligence' It was -a n"me tot"tty unknown outside top police circles in South Africa. But Piet was still cautious. -lI
'

was Cbarlotte Haqtil$9{r'who vnry' Piet Schoernan's private cecretary' as listed at the Embassy rimmed spectacles;

It

thiok you might iust be telling the tnrth,' he said, suoking tne aimpte on his chin. 'But if I send yorrr press card tict again and get a kick in the teeth for doing so, I swear I'll kill you.' , I left Schoeman's office after he said he would contact me as-roon as possible. The next thing I hcard was when Piet telephoned me at home at a few minutes past six one
morning.

As well as being that, she was a member of Republican int"ttigett"" andfretped him run all South Afrfca's ltcry agents-in Britain. A spinster, she lived alone in,a flat"in dotphit Square, and her rent there was paid by the Sorrth: Affi" governtnent..* She handed me {roo i1 oigr.. ff' notes arrA asked me to sign a receipt with my Republico': Intelligence code numbei Ror7. Piet gave me a bott-k' fi South"i\frican KIVV brandy. the mott"y and the brandy-ri were to mak6 up for the six weet<s of arxiety I had operi*'
enced.

As

I bft Piet Schoesrad's

offce he handed me"*

sealed envelope.

- :f *itt

see you this morning. I've g9t good news for you. Let?s meetinthe foyer of the news theatre o;lPosite the

Embassy at eleven-'

I turned up on the dot. Schoeman had already bougft two tickets and we went ihside to sit in the back row' As

Ilv{ickey Mouse pranced across the screen Piet Schoeman was full of apologies. 'I've been-in contact with HJ and he confirms everything you say. I'm to look after you, give you d mohthly salary of {8o plus all expenses You need.' Sdrmrnan epplained that when I had first contacted him he'had sent a short message to the Security Police in Pretoria and that it had been handled by its adminisrative head, 'Tiny' Ventef. Quite apart'from the fact that he was unaware of my secret deal with H. J. van den Bergh, Venter disliked me intensely. He had replied to Piet Schoeman's message by saying 'bon't trust this man one inch' He's an out-*fr-orrt rascal who was deported after being involved

ever want to see that damn thing again f hesaid,' Openirrg the envelope I found inside my sanalt grca South African press card. We both laughed. It had been a bad start. But now we were good friends and I could begini spying with a vengeance. ," llamilton worked at BOQ! headeuanen * From 1973 Charlotte

'Idon't

in Pret"*a

in Londoq in
Gtea r. Dolphin

Square.

rg76 as a spy controller with Mr J. Fouric, who sab: a diplomat at the F.rrbassy. Again' abc ooanpM a ffat in

f#ihr". y""tt ' She retuilxed to the Sou*r African rlUassl ,

'

' and I left the news theatre separately and met 'upSchoernan his office at the Embasslr 1 fey rninutes later' in again Thde he introduced me to a woman I should contact whenever he was not available. She was a tall, heavily built A&ikaans woman of about twenty-seven wearing thick-

in a murder.'

,l\

l\

t3

IN FI I,TRATI

that of a freelance _was South Afri-can matters but also boveringnUct affairs in Britain. My first move was to send

My cover while spying in London

iournalist specializing

London, by the for,mer editor'of Post and Drurn, C-edl Eprile. This was the agency H. ]. van den Bergh had wanted me to infiltrate because it was a CIA front organization. He was right. Nine years later, in late 1971 the Pentagon admitted that Forum lforld Featuresrhad been a comllete CIA front. This fact was forced out in the open by Senator Frank Church's sub-committee hearing in Waeh-

in

resulaf, news stories to the Johannesburg Sunday Express ab-out South Africans living in Britain. The editor, Johnny ]ohnson, who had set lne up to be his rnessenger boJ wlh John Vorster, was not fooled by my deportation. But he was not in any position to say anything- Realizing tr must be spying for Vorster in London, Johnson was only too keen ti appoint me as the offieial London correspondent for his papei. ' :it ** a good cover but I wanted better. I started bombarding Posr and Drurn in lohannesburg with fascinating stories about Black South Africans who had madera suceesF of life in London. It was only natur.al that Fhilip SelwynSmith, the new editor of, Posrr should appoint me as hls London correspondent. Phil and I had worked together in Johannesburg and we were on good terms. He knerr I had fabulous Black contacts throughout South Africa' He,also [*rew I had been deported, so, in the eyes of Drum and Posr readets, I was a good guy. Vith these prestige Black iournals and the johannesburg Expressbehind me I was free to move in on any South African living in Britain, whether Black or

r$gton irrvestigating America?s intelligence services.,:i' ' When I first started rwiting for Forum fu t967 I told ary' old fiiend Cecil Eprile that I knew it was a CIA front; I.I-ei

rctaliated by making it clear he knew I was a sFy fsf, Pretoria. I didn:t admit it, but f couldn't insult his intelli; gence by denying it either. I just shrugged rny shoulders. 'That makes us even, then, if in fact we are both spodksr' I said. Cecil laughed, artd our friendship was immediately strengthened. It went on to become a very close and tru$ing relationship which I still value today. Before Forum was exposed as a front, Cecil settled in America and started
,

writing books on Africa.

A lot of nofsense was published

propag.anda?

about Forum Wodd

Feanrres when the truth came out. One famous newspapgr claimed that it had been set up solely to place 'right-wirig

all over the world. Nothing could be furthor from the tnrth. Such activity would have imrnediately
raised suspicion from the left and Forum's credibility would

have dropped to zero. On the contrary, Forum had sen$e ' enough to recruit dozens of well-known left-wingers in London as regular specialist writers, who gave Forum a
balanced image..

White.

At a later stage I established good contact with London's Blacl< newspaper, the Vlest Indian World, and supplied ihem with stories and photographs. This brought me new friendships with Blacks from all over the world' which in arrn,.inevitably led me to Black S-outh Africans they knew. But my strongest ace was being a regular contributor to Fum World Features, run from Lincoln?s Inn Fields,

The only time the C IA really 'ubed' Forum in a iournalisticsensewas when it placed disinformation stories (usurally anti-Kremlin) or articles deslgned to test the attitudes and reactions of governments in various parts of the wodd. On' at least two occasions I knowingly wrote such 'windtesting' stories. One of these was aimed at finding out hotlt much of a fuss the South African government would kick up about an American-backed plan to build a road between

r7o . INSIDB Bos$

-, ,

rNFltrRi{?ION . rTrl

il;tilphased ; fiir. lt irtn.a Etory. f;""- Vorld Features rnss {brmed primarily

Zanbia.and Eotswatl{' fEr e?de'purposes'

van dqr' wfiert I submitt'ed a secre! repgrt P q* hirn toche'cIA's ulterior motive for &e

H' I:

to at as aq itaforrnalion*gathering network for the CIA and as a co-niournalist Iiii*ti*. liunaered money paid to the CIA's the world. Forum was also useful ffi i" t*ious parts ofto riGn tn"'CrA needed get lts top operatives to political one tull-time #;;;; in a hurry with a temporary cover; plane as far a$eld own his flew ioUrn*ist I know aaually 'ar gl"et states in Africa. One other big advantage was that on a if tti"Cla wished to compile an in-depth dossiercould thqy stater African *tutged leader in a Elack offer to write'd ""Jy ;d:"* ofrtheir spy authors who would fortnight i" th9 a who spends author Rny ni*. Gt,*G" a very good with A;p""t of sueh a-leader comes away and intenl weaknesses attitlrdes, d;tght into the man, his organization' intelligencean to gold dust tillti. Trr".'s l---itrr tno*. s-urprising thing H. J. vP den Bergh told me was that its chairrnan' Mf 'arrtl.--ui Forum World Features British intelligsnce' Asd' of member was a Brian Crozier, wt in agleement' the Communists and HJ a change, for

Brian Crozier is a brilliant man who has wrfut*r in-depth profiles of such world leaders as Franco, Salazar and De Gaulle. fiis books are*equired reading in war colleges in.a number of countries. One of his books, The Rebels,was the first study of post-war insurrections and it was used,in'
America as a basis for counter-insurgency courses. Mr Crozier reported on political violence in South-East Asia during the r95os for Reuters, the Nao Ymk Timesaurtd' Time-Life, and later for'the Economist in Cyprus, Algeriathe former Bdlgian Congo and elsewhere. From iSs+ ts 1964 he was the editor of the Economist's fbreign report,' ; When Forum Vorld Features was admitted to be a CIA front in late i975, Mr Crozier took its valuable library across to the offices of the Institute for the Study of Conflict. It certainly ls a strange world. \[/hen Forum first started its operations in London it offered newspapers a regular service of from four to ten r,ooo-word speciatist feature articles each week. It was a

'

.,6indHj,*.tucofrectrthenMrCrozier'ryasaBritishsecret rittto ran a CIA front in London for nine years, which

nasred i; Dec;ber lg6e dte Russian newspaqr lzoest'ia British of the mernbers as personalities ,ir.*"r *p Bfitish ffi,toii"".* Oni of them was Brian Crozier'' If Izsesia

good business proposition to many small newspapery overseas, and once it got into lts suide, Forurn was supply-' ing z5o newspapers and magazines in fifty-three countries. This opened many new doors for me. No matter how lnrportant the personage, if you say you want to interview him for publication on that scale, he smiles broadly and says 'You must come to my club for lunch, old boy.'
One ofthe regular assignments given to me by H. J. van den Bergh was to cover all public demonstrations held by Sguth African political exiles in London. This also meant attBndl

""*rt a fascinating thought. fquitu - itt t97o Institute 9" *g ltudy of Mr Crozler set up the indo< of all known
Conflii,
As well as compiling
a

vast card

icr**ist *oln *eoatr

tut* *a

nen in variouu;4"6 olthe Western world' It-also gublighes a series of bulletins alled Confia Sudies for subscribers tb5-oughout the lff'estern world.

the Institute organizes seurinars' lecstrrdy groups for businest rygy and military

tln*''t

:'* lzqi*tiaruo Deceinber ''

1968, and the British ?dzres,

zr Decembet
:

ing anti-Rhodesian dernonstrations, as South African exiles ioined in those. My job was secretly to take close-up phgto, graphs of wery maior participant, such as the front.rankert and obvious organizers. To allay suspicion I always stood with other pressmen covering the dernor To make me instantly recognizable as a'iournalist I had three Leica cameras " hanging round my neck. One under the left arm, one tmder the rig[t and the third flat on my chest. The latter wssithe vital one. It had a special wide-angle 'thief lens' costing

Iia

.'sNstDS'r":BoEE

rNFIEES&TION. "!78
constnrhed portable radio which had a tape agache'nt nn.a to it. Tire pen and radio, worth about {zoorveqe rrsed
only on rat" occasiotts when

/<oo which did 'ttt*t-*"* sharp from abot* 18 inches to infinity' This

not have to'be fidcused,* It took pictges

to the general public. The pen transrnitted te,g ryeqielty

I wbnted to nra,ttt'.1'dta oot han" to li& it to my eyes when attacha remote-control ,Irh*d picnre anyonei of ; ;l;"h also meant I did not ;;;t" my left trouser pocket, whichshutter' sfhenever I the h;;-tG *y hand and'press r could stand person particutar any pttoiogt"ptr ilnrJ to by scratching his attention dist act irim, feet"of t i -n*J*ift "lfonirlt my right hand while shooting pictures from *.' pocket. This was important' Demonstrators get *u tto,rt.t anyone photoctp-lt them close-up' when #w.*pi.i^o"s

lspy'camera loi"" "iw an idiot usrng a miniature Sq*know if he was ;;;";; demo in TrafalEar Square' I don'tFront' but I got

-:;iiili"i"-r.inannfrom

r""*i"s"nt or a membir of the National " Lloa oiiture vhen a grgup ofangsy dernbnstrators stafted " d;t"dhtt" up and the poti"e itunped fur tQ save hiln'
rg66

for me to walk into someone's office carrying a brief@i, r No matter wheie you go there is alrrays a toilet sornewbs{$.;, near by. When I used the pen $ansmitter I would -!*".q.t ac"o*pli"e who sat in the toilet operating the radio wjdr earphoies attached. A tremendous advantage ,tt9 p_* garp ,,, m. *"r that when I was:interviewing tnro people I eould throw shock questions at thern, put my pen down on my notebook, and leave the roorn on the pretence ofgoing to fetch my cigarettes from the car or going to the 1qe. ltr'hen I left the room the two:men would discuss the questions l' had thrown. !(rhile doing this they would let drop vitally
irnportant snippets of information - all'picked up by the p'en lying on my notebook -' ""tro ha'd bugging devices fol my own flat. rVhen I had i South African guests I would switch on the bug and leavg.' the flat saying fwas going across the road to buy a-bottleof tne" go to my car and switch on the car rddio' wine, I "outA into ttre bug in my flat: The conversation beThis tuned tween my'guests came across loud and clear and was often v.ry reveulittg. But not always in a-political sense. I sometimes heard thittgs about myself I definitely didn't like' Another regular assignment was to get thg home addresses of any South Africans living in London who had any con-

it would

have been eq.*picious

eo*ty maior,demo and submitted at least 4'ooo "t93tt-17 anc to P-r*oria. At first I printed up ttre pictures mysefi

F"b.

ry"tv

t911r

1T-19

on the back' 'But ;;te ;h;'n;es of air demonstrators Pretoria-decided, L and time-consuming '*hi;";;t-ioo up *tree .n*fa t"U*it all the negatives' They printed spv'handler to mv back them ;;il"i;;.h picture and Jint i",liu"io". He'kept one copy' tr kept another for my private fi6;J;h"ltttitd **t t.tti bu.t to Pretoria with identifvinc comments written on the back' "; il;J;i;;i tpvitg aids. one was a speciallv constnrcted btLf"as" cotttuinittg a tape recorder' The recorder was device in ;;ftfi"d so trrat it ;peratid by a remote-control to the rnoved was handle G h;;dG "itrt utiir""*". If the A movement to the left working. 6hi t.he *up. started another was tape the for microphone The it. #;; i#Jr*""tr*l device cunningly hidden in the keyhole at the front of the briefcase. ;:l 1.1ga a ballpoint:pen for special interviews that wrote inst tike *v oiditt"ty pen but was also a tansmitter' It ;pd; on a *avetengtt ttot obtainable by radio sets sold
*'ljitzV"etzJar 'Twenty Onet Super-Angulon

nection with exiled South African movements' Thege often helped Pretoria to trace undergrorrnd "iatoro political activists operating inside- South Africa' Once iletoria had the full addreis of a South African.notlticat fipgre in London it could, in various ways, monitor that Sometimes it could also intercept letters sent to "idt..r. So.ttn afti"a from that address, particularly when the' sender put his address on the back of the envelope' Know'' i"r1tr"'t""aer's address, South African intelligence cou&d it i"t".p. it on arrival at Johannesburg's-fe1 Smuts aitFof-l' pitoio"ipv the contents and then post the letter on its wny

;i,1:,'' ''1',.1,.r.

s?4 . .!NSIE8',BO$8

il"itti" Sl"tft-efti"an demonst'rations' ,TtiJ;;k-trt" t"gittt"tion nu:nbers

witf,lt ittt."

There re a{r through the mail in the ry1mal mamner'. the Greater livinc Africans South ;il;"d t",ooo --m buf involved' politically td";LJu. No, all of them are gttend antiregularty who any on likes to keep tabs

they even pointed oUt members of Scotland Yard's Speclal Branch, rvho also collected all the far-left literanrre twice a'
week.

weli uruaUy ernpty at night and'people.attending the-meethall' Mv ilrls-;;tGi Git .*t "i tt"ao as possible to the i1 tfe ally en Schoeman, Piet .had 'I-ondon spy-nraster, the and department G;;; Llnaott Council's licensing thus easily wereowners of the car ,"urio-*A "ddr".r"t amehding an-Anti-Apartheid Movement a*ac.d, Anyone and' again' j:o"."tl ;;;G-tt ;i great int.reit to Pretoria, This kind-of discovered' may be using are rt's efficiencv' o{ "A?"t"Gt-.i"v iot"a..uit is tvpical fretllia} iil;;il ,h"ia-siigsirg routine police work,tut H' J' van den lergh ,itk;;Jfdieing a ptotp""tot' '^If vol sift through the

';fit-d;heid itr riz"r'-*i*ter. The $reegs,in this mainly business area

of all cars-parked by the Brt$h-held mqetings t,t"ia oFevening conway Hall tt-re like. places a:t Movement

The South African Embassy in London subscribes to a major press-clipping agency and all mentions of Souttr Africa are carefirlly scrr.ltinized in Pretoria. But bureaucra6y. being what it is, these are often not processed until a week or fortnight has elapsed. ft was my job to read the papers looking for anything which might necessitate immediate action. If a South African was rnentioned in any politicilly orientated story I would try to contact him by telephot e an4 as a iournalist, pretend to be interested in writing a story oui him for a newspaper 'back homet. This was of enormous value to Piet Schoeman and his fellow spooks in the London Etnbassy. If the man'I had interviewed was involved in something constituting'danger potential'.to South Africa, Piet Schoeman would be alerted by me within the hour.
Forewarned is forearmed

-Ati*A'a*t

meti*culously you are Qr-9e.d to find.a ger-n 9e gold mrne.' dav. and every now and again you fall into a *'f;"-:.i"t'i'uitt-uu leading -newspapers and' ro' ***fn--"*azines of a pofiticat nature delivered to my flat would lie in bed for ttnee hours every n'ornlng getting u-p tq t*rii it:"a n"ished them all. It was pointlessink r-ubbed off aott" that' as the printing

*"t

io

.""*i"v. i

the newspaper guickly, as the worls. iurnped o119f letters all including everything, read t ff"iugi"i and all Personal Column insertions' "oi,i-"t "i 'i"?rt "aiperused all left-wing an{.far-l1ft newspapers or "i-iur.n

;;rh;;il;-iiJ my tii-ou"a *v hands and the sheets' It was heavy on for and that paid laLlry uiit, uttt Pretoria lor "ll.+u looking for ryas anv mention of 49 r was -after could I months of a couple ""d;d;;.'What *nroi '-So"rh arricai.
sti*
" ;";;if

Another'instant action' job was to get advance copies of, any bool<s being pubtished in Britain $rhich Pletoria knew tusuld contain material critical of the South African go\rernment. As a journalist it was simple for me to cofltadt the publishers and arrange to get review copies of the books on the day before their official release, or even eadier. I would quickly read a booli for 'danger content'. If it was a serious mafter I would type out a backgrounder giving details of the controversial subject and the number of,the page on which it appeared. I would deliver this back: grounder, alongwiththe copy ofthebook, to Piet Schoeman
as quickly as possible. He would signal my

brief details to

Pretoria by telex so that relevant South African governmint officials and cabinet ministers could be 'educated' on the

subjea.

icould lay my handJon' Thesel obtained-weekly rd* ut collets -Bookshop in Charing ffi;;Iil;G"d e;;; Rr;e. rttu ttun there got to ksow me so well that
iou-mats

on a book about to be released in Britain." Schoemalr signalled Pretoria. The next day, when the book wlul neleased, a South African ioumalist based in London read'it
'and

once delivered such a backgrounder to Piet Schoem&

cabled

story to his newspaper in Johannesburg. There,

i}*$&t B0.SS;i.' di,srnior polidcal writer t@ed

I.f;s:'
'.:,

INfItrTRATION' r77
before segregated oudiences. She got world headlines and the South Africari government got a hiding publicity-wise. iPretoria vowed that no oversea$ star would pull that kind
was carefully vetted by Pretoria, in one way or another, before they were dlowed to torr South Africa. But today, the South African go\ternr ment has devised a far subtler solution. In cases wherdid . Soirth African impresario is responsible for importing a famous star to the c'ountry, a little blackmail is applied by " the Department of the l;rterior in Pretoria. Officials make it

a cabinet rninister -dl story' The conttoversiat on rhe *ftA,hih to cornrnent minister, having bwr'briefed in advance, had hb" the book's "abd; a.i*"" well prepared.-It uns his ansurcrs to had minister the *riuti*t* **.n made tbe'hdlines' :If would heve he badtossy'Nocortmerrt'' iliki r*"armed At& *ren the allegations in the booh would have pre-

oftrick again. Until 1978 any showbiz personality

dominated. -'g{1ile'on

the subiect of bqoks I cao give another good of Pretoria's efrciency. H al anti-Sou*FAfricao iEdication G,"k b""* acover dralvn by aa artist, South Africarr intellige""" op* a file in *rat artist's nafir& This alsg applies to ilr" **"t*an whose photographs appear in tlre book' or a"i petson ttte author has fhanked, in his preface, for havrng h"ir;d him type or proerfread the manrpcript' If you fe G-e..*y, prltoria-wants all your friends and acquainunces.to be on their files. $ome .people may laueh at &e ttrought that the nighty S*rtn'Afii.att r-egime co-uld be frightened of British comedians Ute Spitte Milligan, Dickie Henddrson' RolnrE Fraser and, Charles 'C.afry On' Harttrey; or of top personalities such"as singer Salrdie Shaw, ''Dracula' astor Christopher l,ee, ptaywriglt Robert Bolt, Hayley Mills' Bbgo itqrr, Sussnnah York and the Israeli spoon- and minl-OenderrUri Geller- But I epied on these and seveml othsr show-biz peoplg. Not because rbey are in ttre sane
:

ments, particularly those dealing with Black Affairs. If the star is to appear before Black-orily audiences it is often vital for the irnpresario to obtain permits in various areas. Even more important, the South $frican til( man has a great interest in the substantid earnings a star receiveg during his or her tour. If a star starts making political statements while in South Africa, the impresario will suddenly find himself being hammered by the tax man as well,
So the South African impresario is hogbound on all lwelsby the government. I know of one impresario living in Johannesburg who is

ofuture businqss' with,the clear to the impresario that his permits and visas, etc. - nests departrnent - obtaining work on the fact that his star 'behaves' while in South Aftica. Only a very courageous South African impresario would dgre to admit the truth of this. If he did he would be out of business overnight. Apart from the Department of the Interior and its all-important visas, the impresario must also have good relations with o*rer government depart-

l&sue as ttre potitiially aware stars, likeVanessa Redgrave' wene Iaie Fonda and Madorr Brando, but because they poticy of Mrican the South i.;"*ttt to be opposed'to

apartheidPretoria has araging'phobia sbout famous stars who visit Souttr Africa, as they have high-voltage publicity potenfamous ',,',tial. Apotitician migbt knock apartheid b'lrt when a all over innewspapers headlines rates usually so ado ir '. mar ,,thp.world, British.singer Dusty $pringfield can be directty tilamed ftr,Pretoria's phobia- She started it all when she tourd South.sfrica in the early r96os aod refirsed to appear

a strong supporter of the South African government In collusion with the South African Information Depart'rnent omuzzling' stars visiting he devised a far better method of South Africa. Before the tour starts he shows them a large diamond worth {ro,ooo and tells them: 'If the tour pgoer t
well and there's no trouble, you get this as an extra present And that is why some wodd-fbmous stars' even Blaclc onest have toured Soutn e*ica without commenting advdrsely on

j: rrjt:1.11:. I jrril:.ltairr: ' . .': ;..-:.i,:r; i

hg,,racial poli,cies. It's a marvellottg,d*al for a[ sides"The dia'rnoqd is delivered to the star.whe*vht renmls to Britain,

t: eo,he has norsmuggling' proble*rs- tsnen better, a secret Sft and does not have to be disclosed to the British
tu. mtttlfne impresario doesn't'fork out a penny for
damona. trt's bcught and paid for,
ag

th"g*

th9^

sruch less than half the South African fmm funds slush by retail'value, the

AII South African political movmenf;8 bwe 'an office;of eomekin4 howe'iet''snrall, in London. Thmost impom4t is that of the outlarred African National ConSre$s. In'the eyes of Pretoria this b the nrost dangerous group' as it is reeponsible for regular guerrilla atucks inside Sou*I Africa such as the daring 6b*i"S up of the massive Sarol,

oif-fro**o"f

fi*tttttt"o* ol

;i"io*r",', there are five spin-offs for the South African ' ggverruflrent: "JTlot aop"yer bears the cost of the diamond' . It's a *uioi Uto* against the British actorsl union Equity,

Information. Soo for a relatively small

whictr dislikes the idea of its rnembers agreeing to appear

segregated audiences in South Africg' before South Africa . lt A".s:tftJ outside world the irnpression that of its favourite if one all place after can't"be such a bad complaint' without there perform goes to srs

"jifrerpt

to.cut the ground from under the British AntiAoartheid Mowment, which constantly urges a total boyof South Africa on all sporting and cultural leyels' som --Fifahly, and equailylmportant, the star's visit gives immense reassurance to countless tlrousands of

(white) votersi

i" S*ttt

The South African A;A by civilized muntries overseas. to show it is not power its in everything tries sove*mtot it needs the because iJ;;e from the outside- world, Pretoria chuckles

Africa whoworry about being ostracized and con-

i"glith-tp*ki"g \yhite vote. That

iswhy

"pit"if".u. Grn to* South Africa in spite of protests

merily when the British Lions orthe Irish rugby

back home'

London has long been the main headquarters for political countries' Therg ary il*"**" and-refrrgees from many one is that the city is rnain ;;;Jt*it"s for dJs but the because of nerwork pubficity world's of the lli particular irt press and "*.re ".w Biitish the by enfoyed *ft" f"EAo* a the orcellence of the BBC, whidr beams,out constant' nm' of information on all zubiects throughout the globe'

refinery irlar Johannlsburg in June r98o. political organizations hated by Pretoria arc the Other Pan-Afiicanist Congress (PAC), the South Afric&' ,:' Coloured Peo'ple's Congress, ttre South African Indiat! "' C*t"*, ttre'Sou& fVEst africsn People's Orgudatho ,. (SWAPO), which, among others, have offices in lrondod. ' As a spy for South Africa it was part of my iob to get closE ' " to these movements whenever possible. The only group I kept wellalrnay from at all.tirnes was fte South African Communist Party (SACP)' whictt had a small office in Goodge Street, London Wr. I never visited *rat office. The SACP is the oldest and most experience{, ', Comrnunist Party in *re whole of Africa. It was officially' , formed in South Africa in rgzr, although seasoned com- ' iades had been active several years before drat- The So1.rth African governrnetrt declared it an illegal organizmiur anS banned ii in r95o. My various spytrandlers in I-mrdon asked rne seveml tirnes to try and move in on members of the SACP but I always refused' A man must be aware of his limitatior,rs. The bulk of the SACP is composedof higblyintelligent men and qromen whose only religion is pofitics; they ierc far too disciplined and securiry-conscious for me. ' Wiinin days of arriving in London I accidentally diseovered that the SACP subscribed to all maior newspapers in South Africa 6nd made a careful analysis of wery politicat story in them.'Clearly, then, they would have noticed same of the cunningly angled stories I had written for John / Vorrter and H. J. van den Bergh and &awn their orvn ,:
:

conclusions.

Moving in on other South African groups and exilec in' London ias relatively easy, though a s-low process. Vhtiri'

'.',,llrt, :., :rsi

'.'1,'
,

t;)i:t!i.

ritt: I''.+.

i,;1

l8o. rxsroE Boss young*gr ever I could I discreetly wind ryi dq"d any youqc feT P1ple r"*o."ru .o""*ed with them. Very Th-"J
fact-finder can piece toyoung who are indiscreet' the And it's not always "oft"t. know the art o'r'ptr*ping'information' We not to'say anyffit"U interviewed people who tried hardto get rid of ul eesperation 'iil"gn""i"ule' yet'in'ttteir ttrorryqr{s^oj are thdre newsworthy' . t"oJt"il.o*"ttti"g

INiFI.I;tRATI,6N

.,r8I

word securityt i-#;'*t6;;;"1 meaning of the thw ar9 noliticallv wben don't.LEven th"t ffi;i;;;;;; drop fascinating lit'tle snippets

ffi;*ihiy ""*ioi"giy let a**aJut'*tich an-experiencCd

ilii*;ffib"

.doors.

the FPA was that it arranged regular funcheons with Mps at the llouse of Coqrrmons, wtrich were always uoeful for making contacts and picking up political gossip ,, The fact that f was the London correspbndent fur South Afric-a's bunr magazine wtls listed,in ihe Foreign press Association's mernbership book which is sent to:gove&. rnent departrrrents in Britain; and this also opened inary
,

better be where someone begrns by saying 'I think we'd within then' and iapped', is this fne 1.mafter it, ".se """"i"f a-ppingnames an{-c[es of vital impor;;;"d.tutt* H.'.I' r'an den Bergh ffi;;;ltlllth *r*"io iitelligence' ! rf you are an ttris oubject: to ,ffi,; i;t*rite saying relating you're geared to ffi"ui""* oi"ti.tiu"" or a:magician, Idrdiio". rf you're notr'you're not.'
House Terrace'.All f;#i"rid-irpClu basi at carlton to this prestigious i.t"i* i""*alists'of any note belong and top-level regular ffi;iliil;htA t"tt op all-over the worldluncheons and frorn Vtp* ,,dio*;. *i*, -arranges

ils;J-r"l"thone lonversatio*

11

*".files of BoSS

In June t97r Maiesty Queen Elizabeth sent a large engraved card inviting me to have tea withher in the eardns of Puckingham Palace, She invited ro,ooo other pJople hs w.ell, but that wasn't really important. Ilighly AononteA,
flattered and tickled pink, I moved the old,clock frorn my dusty mantelplece and:placed the royal invitation,card there for all to see; And to make sure they saw it I invited-many friends, for drinl$, dinner and ev.en breakfast during,the

Ht

H. J. van den Bergh

assigned me

to ioin ttre Foreign Press

lffii;;-

and opthe--record briefings with whichever

-the

t*u-*irrlsfur

il*i.i*ft oofi.icians.

il'*""it"ttttp

is in office andwith a host of other lm_portant FPA because HJ urged me to join

*a-l*]"*tiU"
i,.J"ia#,radio,

includes-over 4oo top fgreign iournalists organizations-from all over the world'

'gfi;t.

asencieslFpA get-togetheis are amazing hives of political Hl"craimia that most of the journalists based ;;rtp, itr l-'""4." as correspondents for lewspapery-in -Russia' Ctrittu, and Iron Curtain countries were 'intelligence He was adamant that Communist-countries use the be stupid FPfu u non", for their journalist spies' 'They?d to belonging of advantage didn't,' he said. Another

television, publishing ryoups

Td -19*:

il

lfti;t

Afrikaans newspaper Die Bwger. Oh yes, it-wasl defightful pTty and I really felt proud of myself, Then, the next day, when I walked rnto the Foreign Press Association my vanity got a very nasty kick in the teeth. The FPA secrerary, Mrs Mary Crang, a very dighified and cultured lady, took one look at me and-burit out laughing. As I frowned and asked this norrnally eel& possessed woman what on earth she was laughing about she shrieked'I can't, I iust can't ...., with tears of laugtltei rolling down her face. When I became insistent she placed

intervening two weeks. Trafrc control for the ;estimated Jeooo @rs,conveyirg guests to the garden party.on r 5 ]uly was superb. The specid ylllow recogqition sticker on my windscreen sped me through police road blocks and into the Mall to Eucking. ham Palace. The royal garden was fabulous, withbeautiful flamingoes at the lakeside ignoring the milling crowd and daintily fishing with their long elegant neclrs under water. It was a ravishingly poetic scene. I didn't neeet Her Maiesty actually, but on the lawns I talked happily with Fritz Joubert, another Foreigr Press Association member who.wes tlre !9l_do" correspondent for South Africa's pro-govemm.ent

r8z.

tuston'go$s:

' INFILTRAT"IoN .'r83

het face doqm on-her large leather*ound blotting,ped md covered her head with het hands,' I heard a mufled voice iThey thought you were Bl@ They thought you saying

:' I thought she was mad. But shewasr.r't. As Mary slowly -reeainedtrer composr$e stre told rrie about a telephone call rdl. n"a iust received from Anne Hawking the public
relations officer at the Palace. Miss Hawkins had skimmed tnto"sltttt Foreign Press Associationls membership handt oL io choose noo lournAists wbo would be invited to the Royal Garden Parry.' ,. ishe saw yorr narne at the side of South Africa's Black

were Black.'

National Union ofJouriialists. H.J.u*'O"o g"rgh told me to attend all branch meetings of the NUJ and slowly iockey for power in its ranks. Jt didn't take long. British journalists are lazy when it comes to attending their union meetingt,,and I soon got myself elected on to the committee of the London Freelance Branch. It was only a matter of further jockeying before I was appointed an Officer of the Union. I was the;

Membenhip Secretary of the l,ondon Freelance Branch'foii several years. This post gave me access to the private files
kept at.the union's headquarters, Acorn House, Gray's Tnn
Road.

It was a simple firetter-to build up a long isuspect lictro'f"

all British iournalists who were left-wing in their polities, worked for leftist or liberal journals, or submitted regular articles to them under pen narnes, In many cases I was able to determine whether they had strong feelings about $outh Africa. This again was gold dust to Pretoria. Several of the journalists on my suspect list, like Jaqes McManus of the. Guardian, were iefused entry to South Africa. Otfrers, like, Dennis Kiley, now working for the Finqncial Times rnL'sl don, John Goldblatt, a freelsoce photographer working for the British Swilay Timcs, and John Pilger of the Daily

maguine It*r, and automatically presumed you were gi;:d" fhittki"g it would be nice for a Black South African loo**tiut to bJ invited to the Palace, she looked through ift n*aU*k again and neatly balanced that by inviting Fritz Joubert of the Afrikaans newspaper Ne Bwger'' I took it very badly. So badly *rat I got'nry revenge on 'the Palace by i'riting a nasty little send-up story about 1l

the tavatoriei at BuCkingham Palace. Miss Hawkins said I would never be invited:again.* But H. J. van den Bergh to*a tft" story. From that moment on he teasingly called
me 'our man at the Patrace'.

Mqr*,

rl.ioined the Parliamentary Association of Overseas Corres, $ndents, based in the l{ouse of Cornmons, which gave me icc.er to its press dining room and library. For my purposes, however, thi best political library in London !T th:9ry 9" the top floor of the Royal*Instltutg of International Affairs in St James's Square, and I took advantage of its facilities on

rilere sent'keep-out' leners. Several journalists were kicked out of South Africa, like Dave Garner, a television journalist in London, and Dennis Herbstein of the British Stmday Times. Some, like Elains Potter, also of the British Swday Times, had their baggage searched, with or without their knowledge, when drey entered and left South Africa

about British VIPs for my secret feports to-Pretoria' Joining ,the ulua-swish Institute, known to th9 'in-'-folk as Chatham is not easy, but my memberyfrip was speedily I House, approved when I got CIA editor Cecil Eprile to act as my

A*.tit of occasions when I

needed'detailed information

One young man was arrested under South Africa's Terrorism Act andheavily qiizzedby Security Police interrogators in Novembet rylt. He was Quentin Jaoobsen, a
freelance photographer. I must confess that I was not always right in my assessment of all these journalists and their 'danger to the stat':,'. But Pretoria didn't mind. Alt-they cared about was that my heart was in 'the right place'.

proposer.'

Another important source of information was the British * Johannesburg Sundat Express, z5 July r97r'

JIl,!, .. 'EVAN-8' t85

14

. IIIL EVANS

worked for the Dcily

She was JilI Evac$, atalented \llelsh-born iournalist who

l_

Minor.

I had mer hef.at dn anti-

Sritish intelligence I should deny being a secret ggent f91 Pretoria. If B;itish security gave me a hard time I should threaten to go to a Fleet Street newspaper with the story that I was bLing'harassed'because I was pro-Black. 'Thatwill frighten the life.out of them,'smiled HJ. 'The last'thing they want is any bad publicity with racial overtorleg.' , r But, he added, if British security made a sudden raid on my ffat at a time when I was typing 9ut r-ny secret reports and caught me with"them I should lconfess' to being an agent foi Rhodesian intelligence. In'.this yay I-IJ would h-ave been spared embarrassment and when I was released from custody, or jail, he would have retired me on a pension and used me as a pro-government propagandist in
,

I left South Africa to start spying in London, H. J' vad den Bergh warned me ttrat if I was ever quizzed by
Before

Rhodesian demonstration in Trafalgar Square"i* Febmary 1967. We fell in love on sight and f moved into her H,ig'$gate flat within a ureek. She had never been to South Africasnd knew nothing about the count4l, so I was able to continuq my double lile for quite a while until, as any loving womart would, she workid it out that ttrere was something lrefy odd:

about me.

Jill's long.harboured suspicions surfaced' when *re, telephone woke us one nigtrt in October.r968. It was just before midnight and the caller was ,my handlpr, Rlet Schoeman, who gave the name 'Alphonso:. Jill passed the phone to me and became very, curiotrs when I iumped'out df bed and started to dress in a hur-ry after replacing ttrc receiver. She wanted to know where I was gOing and vhoi the man was with the ridiculous name Alphonso? When I made some cr(cuse about a 'big story' Jill sat up in bed, angrily.
'Don't give me that rubbish,' *re snofted. iI ,dog't, think you're a real ioumalist at all, I think,you iust use journalism for your own ends and it's something to do with
spying.'

journalism.

My 'fall-back' story of working as an a-g9nt {or Rho{e9i3 was ihanged shortly after I started working for the C-IA fmnt, Fo;um Worlh Features. My Londpn handler, Piet Sihoeman, told me I should 'confess' to being a CIA agent if I got into serious trouble with British security' -'It', n'eturalr' he explained. 'The British won't be able " to you if you say that. They know all about to do anything Forum being a CiA front, iust as we do, but their special relationship*with the CIA was badly hurt by-the Kim Philby thing and they won't want to damage it further by
exposing Forum.' bttls ias something I remernbered later and put to good use when the girl-friend I was living with suddenly realized

I was shmked by her perception but in a strange way relieved. I loved Jill and grabbed at the chance to end at least some of the deceit in my life with her. I confessed I wqt
Features which, I added with relish, was a ClA-front organization. Vhen she didn't believe me, I inuodtced her to Dennis Kiley, a sophisticated South African iournalist who had somehow found out about Forurn. He told Jill I was correct in saying that Forum was a cIA front although he didn't know I had told Jill I was a CIA agentt To convinceJill further I insisted she neeet Cecil Eprile and judge for herself. the did so and liked the nran., The5r xero,'
have admitted that for anything or anyone. I told her I wag a secret agent specializing in Black affairs for Forum World

a spy. But not for South Africa. At that time

wouldnt

was a spy.

186 .. INSIDE BOSS both seneitive atd enioyed the s*ne delicate sertse of humour. So much so that Jill agreed to write the odd story for Forum World Features as a freelance at f,25 a time. Then I had a luclqy break whicfi hetped me to convince Jill that Forum really was a ClAfront. In Npvember 1968 Cecitr Eprile invited Jill and rne to dinner at his North

,i.,I,I,LL BVANS

rg7

to finance her political c?regr to the very -*g p*h her right top of the political tree in Britain.' , ,. Puzzled, fill asked me what the CIA could gain fronr ,

London flat. During the meal he talked about Margaret Thatcher as a woman who'was on her way up in-the British political scene. could' become ' .'There's a feeling in America that she -Britain's first woman prime minister,r s 'd Cecil. Jill gave me a funny look and I realized that she had noticed Cecil's use of the phrase 'there's a feeling in America'. He went on to suggest I should interview Mrs Thatctrcr and write an in-depth story on her for Forum Wortd Featuies. 'You know the kind of thing I want, Gordon, extra stuff subh as which schools her chlldren go to. How rnuch are their school fees? Is Mrs Thatcher well off? Where does she buy her clothes? What's her favourite perfume?' I told Cecil this was more in Jill's line - better for a woman to interview a woman. Cecil asked Jill if she would :In the car on the way home Jill started in on me. nVhat on earth does Cecil want to know about Margaret ' Thatcher's financial position fbr? What kind of story does he expect me to write from silly questions such as how much she pays for her kids' school fees and which scent she prefers? It all sounds daft to me. Does he think I'm still working for a little provincial paper'up in Aberdare or Cardiff, or something?' It was my big. chance and I grabbed at it with all the persuasion I could bring to bear, .'Don't be naive. I've told you time and again that Forum is a CIA front. All those questions he asked you to put to Mrs Thatcher are intelligence-Epe pumping questions. Of coufs it's important for the CIA to know whether Mrs Thatcher is well of or not. If she's not' theymight decide
do

it

and she agreed.

wouldn't be the first time they've ddne it., _ Jill saw this made sense, although she didn't really belierre that kind of thing happened in rlal tife. 'But what possible use could it be to the CIA to -know which is her favourite scent?, Fortunateln I knew ttris trick was used by H. J. van,den Bergh when he metimporrant women vjsirori fr*i ou."r"*. 'It sounds-a silly question, but it's notr' I said. .hagfr; you are the American president LyndonJohnson and-yqu know you're abour to meer a piomising politician iiki Margaret Thatcher. Wouldn't it bL a tovetf gestur" to n*A her a packet containing her favourit" p"i,rirr, tfru *i""1" you greet her? It would show that ybu were *roughtfuI and that you had done your homework., Then Jitl got angry: .Well, if 'that's the,reason Cecil wants me to find out which scent Margaret Thatcher usee !e can go to hell. I'm not going to ask thise quertiorrs, anO i don't everi want to ao tne interview. I'm a i^ournafist.noia spy.' I. finally pl_acgted {il| rya begged her to do the story, saying that if she didn't it could affect my position wifr Fonrm. We met Margaret Thatcher in hlr-tU(restnninster flat,on-r9 November, and I took the photographr, iru-ir,a iT{nalist of integrity and she didn,t ast< ittr! fhatctr.r any o.f ,h" purnpjng questions wanted by Cecil - except aboirt the scent. She had a subtle reason for that. She iook the mickey out of the CIA beautifully Uy *t""ti"l tr.;;,; word news feature on Mrs Thatcher with the-words .She --smells of Ma Griffe . . .' Cecil Eprile got ttri -"rr"g".
,.

'A lot,' I said. .What better for the Americans tha& t9 , have someong q power who $'as groomed by thernl,.ii

that.

{g.o-nty child, Iillian Hazet Evans was bom in the' dl Welsh coalmining town of Aberdare. Her father iosi-E

'

'

'::';:

.nEB

- rt$'slDu'soss

.r.

use

ofhis legswhen she was a younggirl' This brought great h*J"htp to-h"t parents' to tUe'pdlnt where hcr mother mile *ufA*u"*ge orr"U pieces of coal frorn a-slag tip one months' winter ;*"y; keepitre famity warm in.,tt: :-"Jd
gvenqFs carefulty ;i*t; iiu ana her parents sirent theirthe radio' Another they heard over *aivsine programmes "the and neighbours of dissection detailed ;;#;;"s weaknesses their wor-er. what,they said, they iriends: what imJ rffi"ttgtht. Ii was marvellous training folJill, who
Newspapers, cinemas, concerts afid the like were too.expen-

so that_ I could use i1 * *oaher wbapobiii dry,e*rriou"o:,,Il l Iearned nor to switch off when peopie bored me stif .iird their_love oj9fery, elassical music, poetry or the.tr per$onal , pro.bleqs. I found myself listening in opln-mouttr,ed f*"ination. It was a new world. The iesult was devtistatin!..,I .. started operaging on a much higher level as a spy sim?lv ",, because I was abte to grve the impressioir ttrat'i **'"i -:,=.1i.::,t1.:i !-aware' human being. ,
l .

' ;:

'; :)'t

Ga"*"

aia so*eI that her photograph soon appeared ,of ,toniion Transport buses urging commuters to 'Read Jill ,E *r in the Dclty Mirrof :Taday she works as'a top-flight iournatist in Los Angeles, California' My romance with Jill led me to make excellent contacts i* Fleet Street - contacts who were unwittingly helpful to nry spying activities. Even better, some of Jill's wdting

iggr-na1ist, il r* only natural that she should become Tydfil beforE in newspapel a srnall on ntit i"g *oit Serthyr tt"i i*ir.*" talent was spotted by rhe Daily Mitrot'-She on hundreds

an"acute obseryer of peopte and a superb 'astoryteller'

"Uifi.y"-a me a-better iqumalist and a more versatile sp-y'- She also managed to instil in me ar awareness of that all-important
attribiite, sensitivity. This was an intangible something

keen powers of observation brushed off, makin

.had only vaguely known about 9d was unable to comprehend. I had:"tw"ys recognized the people who possessed it, bqrt before meeting Jill I had regarded them as weaklings'

were unable to ope with the cruel truths of life - which I qnderstood onlY too well. Jill Evans, then, had a massive influence on my life and in-various ways came to know more about me than any person up to that time. And that includes my mother . other wholhar{ly so* me after I ran away.from Ygrksh-19 at the age of fi een' But, true to-form, I did not-allow Jill8vans tol or.ak"tr me with her sensitivity. Instead I battled long, Ura ana painfully to learn some of the mystique from her

To me, sensitive people were whiners not winners' They

WILFSID, :ERUirt}$,'

i9I

l5

WITFRID SRUTUS

RSoo pending appeal against length

qf'eeffcnci. Ah'

r9lrcltg7. Arrined Heathrow Airport Lon$n ou .glrtltg6Z on British passport nrmrbered CpaoSo,i*ued
to him at British C-onsulate
C.ape

sconded bail by leaving South Africa iUegstry,by !a ofi.

One-night in early Noverirber rg6Z Jill-and tr were sitting by the [re playing the word-game Srabble.when we heard a gentle knock on the front door. Opemlg it I saw a short, *t6"ky man with greying dark curly hair, holding a small suitcase and looking worn out. It was Wilfrid Brutus, a famous'political figure who was supposed to be under house arrest at his flat in Cape Town' Hi traa escaped from South Africa by venturing out into thb vast Indian Ocean alone - and in a small rowing boat!
Excerpt from. sectet BO S S fi'Ies (2978):

virtue of his Rhodesian birttr. Allowed to rqrrain,bi, .Britain through the personal' intervention of, David Enn&ii of the tsritish Homl Office. Brutus and wife Marth4;.s;i' Koopman, 4l8lrg34, live at 34 Stanhope Avenuei,, London N3, with their daughter Margaret Cecilia Brutus, born London 4ftlrg7z. Brutus is stitl active in the Connnunist-inspired sporting orgaqisatioq "Soutti African Non-Racial Olympie C.omrnittee " (SANROC). with his brother Dennis Vincent Bnars, president of,that,
body.' The above BOSS excerpt makes much of the word Com= munism, but there is a little-known fact which ridicules tlie' South African government's claim that Wilfrid Brutus is a Communist. The twelve-hour house-arrest order imposed on him in May 1965 stated that Wilfrid could leave his flat only between six in the morning and six at night. This was so that he could go out and work. But on Saturdays and Sundays he was subject to twenty-four-hour house arreSt, which meant that tre could not step outside his front door
,

Town on

4l9lrS7 by'

Coloured South African citizen, born Martha Magdalenr"

Wilfrid Cecil Joseph. Adult Coloured Rhodesia r4lrolryz6. Plofession Salisbury, Male born teacher. Banned for indoctrinating schoolchildren. Also

'liRutus,

known to have collected old alarm Clocks to be used for

People's Congress and the proscribed African National Congress. Convicted November 1965 for furthering aims ofCornmunism and sentenced to 15 months. House arrest 'restriction re-imposed on release from Robben Island Prison March 1967. Convicted August 1967 for contravention of banning order by illegally permitting a visitor to enter his Cape Town residence in June 1967. Sentenced to three years imprisonment. Released on bail of

timing mechanisms in delayed-action bombs planted outside Government establishments in the early l96o's as part of the ANC's "Spear of the Nation" sabotage campaign. Brutus is banned under the Suppression of Communisrn Act. House arrest restriction imposed May 1965. Convicted July 1965 under Suppression of Communism Act and sentenced to three month prison term suspended for three yeais. Known to be a member of Coloured

from 6 p.m. on Friday until 6 a.m. on Monday. He was forbidden to have any visitors except a doctor in as emer: Bency. It was a bitter experience for Wilfrid to be a ptisoner in hiq own home, but there was something Pretoria had overlooked. Being locked up in his flat all day on Sunday meant that he.was unable to attend church. So l?ilfrid complained bitterly to Justice Minister John Vorster by letter. He asked 'How can you, a God-fearing Afrikaner, stop me from worshipping God? I am a practising Catholic and request permission to attend Mass -eriery
Sunday morning as I havb alway.s done. Please reply bpfore Sunday. Yours respectfulhy , ..'

rgar..'lN$IDE"

SOSS"

wxtr"tr&rD,",B*Ittus

[93

Thisflumrnsxed Vorster. The $eorrity Police docket on Brutus, Wilfrid Cecil Joseph, deecribed hirn as a Cornmwdst Party member and he was:bahned as a Communist. &m. Communi$s don't believe in,God. They are atheists. Sorwhat the hell was this rnan Brutus talking about? Was
he denying his Communist principles? Vorster thought long and.hard on the subject en-d finatly came up with a rypical affwyer. It was simple. Bnralswanted to go to church so he could" whisper secret messagps in the pews to his Cornmunist comrades. ,' , I know about this caes because I interviewed John Vorster about it after ufilfrid Brutu$ had phoned me to say 'It's a

, The .Security Police told him : \trphcr Srotr go to ctrurch you walk down the main streete. Not tni sid.U.vr.-*o" turn Ieft up this street and left again at the top. .yori ao;;

good story for you whethcr Vorster allows me'to go to qhurch or not;'When I sdril Vo$ter in his office he said he eould not,give me a.definhe.answer as he had a 'nice little Brlrprise'up hi* sleeve for Wilfrid Brutus. 'I have asked the Se&rity P.olice to interview the priest in the area and the cangregation, to confirm my suspicion that Brutus is not a

r$rlar churchgoer.' ' but Vorster was wrong.

Intensive questioning by the Security Police in Cape Town confirmed without a shadow of doubt that Wilfrid Brutus was a keen and practising Catholic who had attended the 7 a.m. service at the Wittebome Rornari Catholic Church every Sunday without fail for many years. Vorster had to give in and instrueted the Chief Magistrate of \0?ynberg, Cape Town, that Brutus should be allowed to leave his home on Sunday mornings. Wilfrid telephoned me jubilantly with the result and I wrote a story stating that he was the first listed Communist in South African history to be grarqed the right to.sttend church.* The lessening of Vilfrid's house arrest on Sunday

Pretoria. School

not accpt a lift from anyone. you do nofspeak to anllone. greets you, just smile *A k.p-*"ff.i"s, oli; If Tvo-"" fte- ctrurctr_v_ou sit alone.-ldg" t.n r& , l1j{e $t9 ngxt !o you. You can speak,to God and "*"y:ifani.ffi the priestn,.butl qobody else. We will be watching. Wfren vou teave the churctr you return home.immeaiatety bv ttrl .*r" *H can't stop to smell a flower, Brutus, d;;;;;Sti;; I9r -yor We. have timed your walk and you must belhome bt-*l* designated time. If you are not, you go to iail.' _ pilfrid'9. long battle. with tli Soiuh ifrican Security Pglice leally started when he bpgan teaching non-Vflfriil schoolchildren. He was not surpiised that 6e apartheid theory of uThite supremlly was perpetuated in tfie cfd rooms. But he was horrified to discbver that it also, pe*- rt meated the children's-Bible classeq, When recitirrg pi$llrt 23, the Psalm,of David, the kids had hen taugh;,0b,sry 'Baas David'and whe-n referring to Jesus tfr"y LiA;n"r[ Jesus '. 'Baas ' is the Afrikaans equivalent for the ,word Boss or Master; it is a term all Blacks are taught to use almost from birth when addressing.any '{fhite: Tfre idea is to emphasize the White man'i superiority. Bibtical "h*". salc lers a1e superior beings, so they m.rst be Vhite,

sto'p. You keep walking.

If

you Jtop you go t'o jail. you, Ao

mornings 'may perhaps give the impression that lohn Vorster could be a tolerant man. Not so. \Tilfrid was given strict orders about his visit to church. ft was rather tike one of, those instruction cards in the game of Monopoly which tell ycu to 'Froceed to Pall Mall. Do not pass Go . . .' * Joftrnesburg, Effiday E4ress, + July rg6S.

Vilfrid asked whyl,trnspecror

The sctrool Wilfrid was teaching ar was the St.C;otumba for Coloureds in Athlonel Cape Town. Wfr* n" tri{.e{ against this indoctrination of'his m"fuoyu*Ja put'ils he received a visit from Mr J. H. van der ttrfesihuiz$li 3,form9r rugby Springbok who had been given the cushy iob as Inspector of Coloured_schools in thJVestern Cape. The inspector shocked Wilfrid iigia ty giving ht- y* another ridiculous instruction. .Wh6n tt,i read ihe "fuA"J" Prayer they-should ,;.O;,I not be t"ughi; say loqd's Father which art in Heaven, but .,Th-e,' Fath&;r
van der Wesrhuizen

r"plri"J

\ffi;

.,

_ \.r

'':

.' ..

ii

.'

Ig4 ' FiglDtr:3g$Sr

:1':,'

wrr"FRtD BRU"US

rg5

lt:,,
-rii;

tii

i.;.

a,

rGodlodr't be a fattret of,no*White kids beceuse He ii a White. So they must refr to him as The Facher'' lffifrid Brunrs hated't'ke ldea of spar&eid taintingrhis Bible in this wan so he said to hell with it 4nd taught the drildren what an abomirrable pohcy it was. It cost him his iob; and he became a malfted rnan. He tealized that the 'S,ecuriw Police kept him'under obserrration ffier tfrat, but it did not stop him from itanding up to be counted. The riore he spoke out against apartheid the more the police htrassed trim. ttre result? tFilfrid ioined the undergrourid Aftican, National Congfess: I think he did thls partly out of anger but he says the'main reason was that he had corne

to realile that the ANC lvts right:':It'was a movement

*hich, like him, had stanedout with

dre obiective of better: legalty but had apartheid fighting and irs Black "*ditiott* underground in 3el{:'protection when the Souttr bin O.oC *n'ican government had mounted a Sectrity Polioe teror , @tpaign qgainst might well have collected Brutus Wilfrid that I suspect old dlarfu clocks knowing they would be used by the A N Cs r$ilitant wing for the planting of 1no loss of life' bombs outside ernpty post offices at midnight.:But only he can confirm that. I do know, horpever, that he was one guilty

it.

there gawping three cops came running round the oornr and galloped after Joe. Opening the parcel, Wilfrid found' threJsinalt, sticts of dyncrhite' Knon'ing that the area would .$e,swarming with police in a matter of minutes and one of rlrem might recogrrize him, S7ilfrid thought quickly. He knbw the dynamite was valuable to the ANC and he must nst throw it away. .He was standing near g'butchely at the time and that itrninded hirn about a lost packet of meat he had once takeri

was walking through the centre of Cape to work. He heard police whistles and saw way his Toum on AN C member 'Joe' running towards him. Joe thrust a thin paicel into his hands gasping: 'The Secuiity bastards are Itiasing me. Look after that. Don't lose it.' As Wilfrid stood

of har,rdltng ANC dynamite: It'nas

a midsummer

morning

In

tS6Z ana

lfilfria

forry-forr-gallon drum of lubricating. oil, covereJfrom chest to toe in:nessy- qoo, As Willie squllched u"rorr th" co.1cre1e-flo.9r11 backyard towards a thick "*uy hedge, he leftla tell-tale trail of black footprints. wilfrid did noitresit"t" rut a second. Slipping out of the window he lowered himsef into the drum of oil up to his thighs, iumped o"r *a walked towards the'hedge carefully stepping on Willi;;; footprints all the way. . +;""ht"t th;L-G; he deliberately stood there untit the back door opened and a constable peeped out, saw Witfrid

Security Police. As the CID rushed into the hous! Villie iumped out of the window. Seconds t"te, WfriO ByTr heard a sqange gurgling noise. Looking out;-th; window he saw Willie laboriously clamberin? out of a
the_

to a police station. Ctruckling to himself he dash,ed into the burcher's shop,and bonght j m of tnira-grade mince nieat salng it was for his dog. Sttrffing the dynamtte into ttri mince he ran to the police station ,ound. the corner anJ handed it in at the counter, saying he had ,""" O" parcl drop out of a Blackwoman's shopping basket as she boifreO - --_-,ti a moving bus. tl(lilfrid anticipated, the \fhite sergeant on duty said .-As. 'Ja, it's lo-st property all right, but we hiven't got u hiig" !e1e;so if it's not been claimed by tonight yooZ* h;;;A: I don't want Kaffr meat stinkin_g-my_ sitioii out all tilTatking out into the street fVifri-a "ighlj" saw Security ode"* everywhere but he now had nothing to fear. fh"iev"ning, when everything had quietened down, Vilfrid cafled in ii the police station after work 3nd was glven the -."t, wfri.A really had staned to stink after a btaling hot day. WtGe returned the dynamite to a contac in the ANi. ana ** audacity in using the police station as a .safe house'became lege4d in Cape Town,s political circles. _ On another occasion Wilfrid was at a parry in a Coloured builder's Cape liouse.1n Jown. ioq,_bl* th,e police raided it-after receiving complainis from neighbours about the terrific noise. One-of the guestswas Villie, a Coloured friend of Wilfrld's who was iu"nt.O Uy

Ilil il;;.,i,rt"J;il;:

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a Black man. That will teach you to try running away.' ',r", rp'Ut 'O Brutus has his weaknesses. One day he fognd-a {ro note lying on the pavernent qn4 instead of taking it

pulled him ip$ide nretenOing to iun arvay, grabbed ffi,and ine m.s..'tf"*ing onelook at Wil&id?s oil'covered clothing a senior police officer laughed 3nd said 'Norr jou reall. y 1re

lO the local police statibn, ueated several of his political &iends to lunitr. They had a splendid.time but nextmorning rlVilfrid had trouble with his conscience. Thg following Sunday he made'a full confession to his priestjwho forgave himrwhen he placed dlo in the churdr poor.box.

Town could relate many more faecinating tales about his-exploits. But the worst story only I can tell. It all serted in'early 1965 when I wormed my v/ay into Wilfrid's conffienco by writing several anti-government news stories u'Aicn cbarly 'proved'my liberal atdnrdes. Tnrstingln Wilfrid gave me-secret cover addresses in Cape Town and Johannesburg which he used to keep in touch with his these ttrtderground colleagues in the ANC. I lranded" 'tlre lefters addresses to Republican Intelligence' and all passing through them were carefully monitored. As a result tfre Security Police discpvered the idemities of all the political activists connected with- Wilfrid. I still have eevdA of those intercepted letters, including photostdt 'itpies given to me by Republican Intelligence- They make 'uad reading indeed today. By August 1965 the Security 'Police had enough evidence, from all the intercep-ted letters, to move in on the whole grorrp. In a series of dawn raids they captured Wilfrid and ten of his Coloured friends. lWilfrid's wife Martha telephoned me in a panic and warned me not to write to the eecret cover address \Wilfrid had liiven me, She was'worried I might be arrestd. But she told
Cape

,. Wilfrid

is a remarkable man, arrd the C-oloured people

of

me something else:

rented under a false name. The police don't know about this, and if they find out, at least ano*rer fifteen men will
be arrested.'

''\Vilf

has another cover address.

It

is a

pct

office box he's

, .:.. ; 'That will u'arn all Vilfrid's other friends to $top:wi*lhs to the box,'said Martha. I did write the srory and I did mention that the pOm, -raod had taken possession of the key.* This not only lVilfrid's other fifteen political colleagues, it saved my hacon too. lVhen he was arrested, lVilfrid thought loog at i hard, trying to work out who had betrayed hlm. g;ad of the story I had written at his wife,s request, he knew:,I could not be the traitor, That was impossible. Hadn,t tr saved his other fifteen friends from certain arrest? Shrewd H. J. van den Bergh also helped to snrerye snspicion away from me. He got Secr:rity police rinter- ",-i rogators to 'persuade' two of the arrested men to give ,,! evidence against Wilfrid and Co. They were Basil de,V.i,i*, ,,"';;lli and Albert Thomas, who fin-adly agreed to give "*t*rt,;,li when the police showed them'proo? that they had a castL ,,j iron case against $filfrid. Vhat the two men aid-not reakb at the time was that they were being set up by H. f. ,v6o den Bergh to take the rap as the 'red traitors, who had o<posed Wilfrid's group right from the start. \trilfrid Brutus was sentenced tofifteen months, imprisos-. ment for 'furtheriirg the aims of Communism'. He sp911t most of his sentence in South Africa's most notorjous i+il on Robben Island. On hip release he was again placed undef house arrest. He continued to trust me and still vrrote to rne through various cover addresses. Those letters I also handed to Republican Intelligence. Then the Security Police in Cape Town really got tough. They never gave Wilfrid Br,utus any peace. In one four-week period Seeuriry men raided Wilfrid's flat ttrree times and turned it upsrd! down seardring for proof of his isubversionl. They - {ound, ,, nothing. A few days later a qmall advert appeared io * CqpF To# * Johannesburg Sundag Express, zz Augusi 1965.
office box
,

-,Saytg tltiq &fiarttre Brutus beggd me-:ro write a story about Wilfrid's arrpst, In the story I sho*ld,slention.rG fggt that S."*iry Police had taken poesession of a poot

4" key,

:.

] BOSS

rg8 . TNSIDE

WILFRI,P:SRUf:I}S

r99

nenyspaper.* It stated: llgterior deorating and house repairs. Telephone Cape Town 77<t57.? That. happened to be Wilfrid's telephone 'number.at home, so Securiry Pslice Captain D. K. Genis dashed round to Wilfrid, who $'s ill in bed with severe bronchitis. Pulling him out of bed, Genis beat him on the neck,and shoulders as he lay on the floor. l, '\f,/'v had enough of you. What's this house repairs advert all about? Is that a secfet code yop are using to keep

ia" contact
dflys?'

with yodr zubversive Commie friends

these

!7hen \Pilfrid repeatedly denied any knowledge of the advert Genis stomped out saying he was going to the newspaper to 'get enough proof to send you back to Robben received a telep,hone call fmm - ls[aor{'. Next day Wilfrid ttronewspaperr eWe are awfully sorry. There was a mistake 'in,,our advert and we apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused'you.r , lffilfrid Brutus knew his days were numbered. A few 'wsks earlier a nurse had called at the flat to have tea with hisr wife. The police had rustred in and charged \ffilfrid with breaking his banning order by having a visitor in his home. There was no doubt the Security Police would build this up into aqother big case againsl him and he would go baek'to prison. He was right. In late August Vilfrid was btought to trial and sentenced to three years' jail. He appealed against the sen'tence and was allowed out on {z5o bail.

,\[lilfrid Brutus may be a tough political .warrior but

physically he has long been in bad shape. He sufers from a cttronically weak chest and failing eyesight. He knew he cguld. not survive three years on Robben Island' so hq deeided to flee from South Africa. His escape was, without doubt, the most preposterous in South African history. I , still cannot believe that trr intelligent man like tl7ilfrid could errrbark on such a hare-brained scheme. But it happened.

' : .* Csre :Times, t4lvly

t967.

It saved his life. Holding it up Wilftid aimed it at the tanker's quarterdeck., An alert seaman on watch duty spotted it antl the tankef turned to pick him up. Vilfrid,s luck really was in; ilrdC-" tanker was heading for Bahrain and most olthe crew wete
was-

going back. Anyone who.knows the Fondoland coast will agree tbat Wilfrid'S escape Was suicidal. kt that vast 6f sharkinfested water erfen yachts go missing "xp*s" and experienced spotter pilots have great difficulty finding them among ttre high waves. Imagine, hen, a forty-one-year-old man in.ill health, with no food and nothing to drink, drtfting out there in a rowing boat. But God repaid him for all thoJe Sundayo . of delotion and, perhaps, for his long slruggle againot thb Godless policy of apartheid. tffilfrid's wife Martha had slipped a bottle of vitarnin pills into his overcoar pocket. They kept him going, although it was tough He sweated under the blazng sun for two and a half d{rs and was unable to sleep for two long nights. Then on the morning ofthe third day, as he was miles away from landhe sighted a large oil tanker high out ofthe *"tei From thishe judged it w_as heading away from Cape Town after untes.ting its cargo. Wilfrid waved, screamed and shouted withorri luck. Then he used his brains. In the small portable leather shaving kit he had placed in an inside pockei ofhis qvercoat

,Sefore dawn'ofl rg Oetobet t967;:{Filfrid's wife gave. him a large packet of sandwiches and tw.o l{dne bottles-full ofwater. He slipped out of his home, iumped iirtqthe back, of a furniture van, and one of his ANC colleagues, Toufie Bardien, drove hirn to the first stage of a riooo-mile:,tr,ip which ended on the East Coast of Natal. There, \V.itfliA pushed a rowing boat down a sandy incline intothe,sea. Leaping into the boat in a last-minute atrack of nelves Wilfrid shouted 'Good-bye' to one of his colleagues thiorrgft,' the darkness and rowed out to sea as fast as he,,cotfd;, Calamity. In his haste he had left his parcel of sandwicheq, and the botrles of, water on the beach. But there wds fto

a small steel-mirror.

against the sun

troo ., lrtgf'l:soss

':

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*rrnnro sngTus. 2or

who would _use_ any weapon which suited him'. In a way, that's true. In June r97r, when the South African premili Sf I W. Botha (then Defence Minister) visited Britain, \X/ilfrid Brutus was on hand to watch Botha make a ,'courte$y call' at the Ministry of Defence t"ifafq*- fo, London's Northumberland Avenue _ As- Botha walked through the front door with a beffiof South African dignitaries, Wilfrid took a weapon out of his ,, pocket and let fly. Two things happened simultaneously. A
lifeboat smoke flare burst above the crowd, covering Ene in smoke, and a soggy, over-ripe tomato hit thE "ulrySouih African Ambassador, Dr H. G, Luttig, full on the back of

of mired raoe or Black They approved ofhis daring escape

so'mucfi that they had a whip-round whictr raised {r5o; :The'prlitr of an air ticket ftodi Bahrain to London. '. ',!ilgtllfrid Brutus came straigbt to my flat because f was bb friend, By writing about &at poct o'ffice box key I had mved fifteen ofhis friends frorn going to iail. And, of course, S..hadbeen deported from South Africa, Yes, dtere rvas no furbt,about it. He feh he could,trudt me. Wilfrid stayed tlre night and next morningmanaged to oontact his brother pcnnis by telephone. I took photogfaphs of the two men s$ they hugged each other during a ioyors reunion in ttre lounge of my flat. Then they went out to see a friend. While frey were away I went through \Tilfrid's things arid found a emall diary. It contained several correraddrwshe intended ruing when wdting'to his political friends back in Soudr Afiica. I photographed all tbe pagee and zubmitted thern to
'

his neck.

Republican Intelligence.
r,

.Urilfrid's dranatic escape gave m a front-page story.* rThe South African goGrnment had good cauie to rrc".r \filfrid'b espe to Britain. Working with his brcrher Dbnnis, in league with other Soudr African exiles, he went on tc, score some of *re biggest victoriee ever against dre PreCIria regine. Using tlre oiganization SANROC they protested against sporting links with apartheid and zucce[ded in getting South Africa kicked out of FIFA, rhe world soccer body, and world athletics. SANROC also got South Africa barred from ompeting in the Olympic Sarnes. This is important when Srou kno* that most Sllrite South African males are sports crazry. Today Wifrid works

tomato, but I am sure this was wrong. I think rlfilfrid took the blarne for his wife, Martha, who had really thrown the' tomato. I say this because my spy handler, Alf Bouwer, was .' on the scene at the time and he told me Martha had throqrn the tomato. He said he had seen Wilfrid throw the smoke flare into the air, no doubt to give the press photographers a dramatic picture of the South African gtoup wieathed in
smoke.

Witfrid later appeared at a Bow Street couft, rilas found guilty ofthreatening behaviour and conditionally discharged fo1 one year. The court found that Wilfrid had thrown-the

The most thought-provoking story f can tell about \f/ilfrid Brutus and his battle against racial discrimination happened a few days after he had arrived in Britain. Full of
at his very first anti-South-African demonJtratioir in I-o* 9o.". _ftg qanted to post the photograph to his political friends 1n Cape Town. It was a public protest mounted by the Anti-Apartheid Movement against a large superrnarkel in Camden Town.'The store's windows were full of Outspan oranges, and its multi-millionaire owner was known to have substantial investrrients in South Africa. f must point out that, .unless you have racial light meters in your eye.s; Wilfrid Brutus looks like d Vhite man. He does-not haida Black skin.
enthusiasm and raring to go, he asked me to photograph him

for an advertising company in central London and, although his weak drest causes him to be hospitalized every year or so, be's stitl yery mtlch a political activist. He devoiei much oi hh epare time to ravelling round Briain lecnrring on upartheid. Somervhere in the twelvlirich-thick BOSS file on Wilffid Bnrnrs I once saw an interesting description of the man. It said he was a 'danger to the State and terrorist

Johannesburg, Stmdry Expressr 5 November 1967.

ii ' -:
2&}

. IN$IDB BOSS

,{s he stood outside t}rat superrnarket his face beamed with delight and he was full of pri&. I took several photoS"aphsrof hirn holding a large protest placard bearing the stogan 'Donnt Buy Outspan Oranges.'At that moment a little grey-haired Cockney woman walked up to him and
peered intently at the

16

DENNIS BRUTUS

,'t'Becarxe they are from South Af,rica, madamr? Wilfrid politely re'plied, pausing for breath before he gave het a
guik le$son on apartheid
:'r

. ,'lVhy shouldn't I buy Ontspan

plaeard;

oranges then?l stre asked.

deverly used me

Vilfrid's brother Dennis was probably the shrewdst Surttr'. .. --l Africtrl exile I mt in Britain. Suspecting I was a spyr: he ' :'
as a weapon against

pretoria.

'-,,:

,,,, ,..,.,i.:,iij!i

We don'twant oranges that have been handled by all those bloody Blacks over there, do we now?'

'Oh, yes,'

she said as she shufled away. 'Quite right too.

Excaptt from seret BQSS

flq (t975):

,.

,
.

most dangerous Souttr African political fizurbs sversess. Educated at Fort Hare University Cofleg-, Cape, where
he was inflr-renced by the

'BRUTUS, Dennis Vincent. Adult Colouirgd :MaIe born z8/rr/r928 in Salisbury, Rhodesia. One of the zo
Lrftist Le eurerZ.K. Mattheu,s,

Brutus became

events in 1958 by forming the Comrnunist-inspired agiution group o'South African Sports Associationlf, Jat.er renamed the "south African Non-Racial Olympic Committee" (SANROC). Brutus claims to be a Cathotic. He was banned under the Suppression of Communism,Act {r 196r. Arrested fg6g foi violating the rerms of his banning order by illegatly meeting Swiss journaliat Balsiger in Johannesburg. Released on bail pending aial Estreated bail and left South Africa illegally. Exrradircd to South Afrida by Pornrguese Security poli'ce in Mozamlirque. Escaped from police custody in bentral Johannsburg and was shot during recapture. Taken to Coronationville Coloured tlospital where the Johannesburg

against lVhite South African sporrsmen and sporii*g

teacher. Mounted a campaign o,f hatred.

'

Security Police foiled a plot mounted by Communist Richard Triegaardt to carry Brutus out of the hospital in a coffin after bogus doctors falsely declared him to ttb dead. Plot called'otr by Bram Flscher when it was,diil goygted that an agent of Republican Inpligence bd_ infiltrated them. Brutus sentenced to 18, mntng i:n

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Robb"r, Island.'House arrested on.his release in JutI kft Sorith Africa on an Exit Permit 1966' Settled isOs. -tlonaon where, with the help of Canon Ccilling !e re' iti ;"ti"ated SANROC. Brutus is chairman of the'olnterAgainst Racism in Sport " (I CAR IS)' ""rf"""f-C"*paign a group usedto agitate against South African sports.on tni iote-"tional front wtrich liaises with other similar communist-inspired sports bodies in America, Australia' 'ilJ N"* Zealand i""t"d'ne anti-apartheid bodies in

E&icational Booke;.in Cliarles Street, MaJ&-ir. One of his duties was to look after all incoming androuryoing poet. Visiting him in his basement office one day I,s&v.,sevqal
large brown envelopes on his desk. They were all addreesed to people living in South Africa. Ir was clear these wete not

,:To earri a livinslsaiah took a iob,asadef{t,at

Heincnmn

,,: l

a close friend of lean Claude 9Pg" 9f-+" j'|:tgt"T" Council of Sport in Africa?' and through him lobbies.for ntfr snppb"t of the Afro'Asian bloc aqtat9q aga{st G ; i SA ,oorts.-Brutus is now: lecturing in English at *re N;nd W"tt"* University, Evanston, Illinois, US4'* Vhen writing to people overseas his envdlopes bear the i. - ,-, gnstat frankiig macttine stamp PB 627+75: Brutus is Brutus (nee ,,:lr' l':fuiriried to sJuth African Coloured May z2ryear their by children eight have they and , ,,,,. Jagger)

connected with Heinemanns. Next to them was a post{ franking machine. It did not take any great pbwers of deduc-" tion to work it out. Isaiah was posting letters to $or*thr Africafor mernbers of SANROC or the African.Nationd ' Congress. By using the franking machine rented ftorq . 'r,ijii the GPO by Heinemanns, Isaiah was saving his polhioel, ,'.':,ii friends the cost of buymg postage stamps - a considerable t',, saving when twenty letters are bein! sent by air mail. ,,':,, The letters were cleady being sent to cover addressee:in ,::,t, South Africa. ft was impossible to make.a nore of all &oso _ '.ir
.

r . marriage. of Dennis Brutus, but before.I 'ri ' I That is lhe Pretoria view man, it is necessary toexplain the of version diff.t"ttt gi* , " postal franking machine'he used the ' ;ht,boSS mentioned i ,
America. in -'I.*iuh Town who was banned, 'iailed Stein is a Black from Cape his opposition to the fgr aild then house;-arrested South Africa in 1968' left He African South sovernment' I met him on ir Febiuary, the day he arrived in Britain ioittt ttit wife and eight children, ald mairtly becauseof this tnetpt"t.ott a I was*trusiworthy. As soon as-he^settled in, tu(rilfrid Brutus lsaiatr became very active with Dennis and and their SANROC organization. At thesame ttme hewas . 'ui*o active in the affairs of the Aftican National Congress in London
.

vital addresses; so I did the next best thing, I took the ,''u;; franking number of the rnachine, which vras (NO B5g". ,,i'"r"f, Every envelope fed tt"rough the machine bore this number '.;,;ir iust tmdemeath the siamp imprint. I submitted an urgent '
report to Pretoria warning them to watch out for any letters
',,

arriving in South Africa bearing that franking number. ''.; They did. All were intercepted and photocopied befo,re being posted on. Pretoria kept watch on this franking number for nearly two years and monitored all the letters posted l'it ,', by Isaiah and his friends. When he reads this, Isaiah will iii rcalize why some of his political conracrs in South 6gt1u* i ' , , it
:

.,1$1f,fr

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.

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Dennis Bnitus is still lecturing at North western university. itTr ;;-y*r coottu"t expiredin mid-r98o he was rriade a Life Ptofessor by that institution

iir

by errr- :, in . ' machine when sending mail to South Af,rica. Then H. 1; r , van den Bergh realized there was yet another spin-off from .. l i all this. I was told to get the code numbers of all the poslal. , r' frar*ing machines used by Fleet Sueet's maior newoi , .',
,r ,

were detained, banned or house-arrested during that period*-. ftr. J. van den Bergh instrusred me to extend this idea drawing up a list of all companies in T ondon which ployed known enemies of South Africa. This was.dorre the hope that they wbuld also use their firm's postal franking

,,:

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papers. Most of, the newspapers have full-time. correspondents working for them in South Africa, but some also

:t\

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:.

. INSTDB

BOSS

lrave extra,lstri4gersn who subEit !rys on a part time basi,* The identities of these So.uth 4frican stringers are ofteq kept secret' for obvious ressons, But ttrey haie to,be oer$icheques as payment for the stories they have submiuedn md that was what H. J.,vur den Bcrgh was after. Any:leuer posted to South Afriga by a Fleet Street news' paper, was opened, The name of the stringer appeared on fui cneque inside. Also enclosed in the letter would be a paymeni slip which itemized all stories the stringer was being paid for, with the datee ion which tlrc stories had been pgbtished. From all this H. J. van den Bergh was able to .tpqnpile a list of the secret stringers who_ regulady sent or$ news stories embarrassing the South African goverrment. If the suinger was a British subiect he could be given his marehing oiders, If he was a South Mrican his telephone

srdcls on a particular

could bs bugged and he could be harassed if necessary. On g &w oc-casion$ some of the'Fleet Street newspapers wrote to their stringers and asked them to write special feaflue subiect. If it was, potentially controversial H. J. van den Bergh could take steps to make sure the stringer did not get exactly the story his newspapEr wanted. \ffhen I defected from Setrth Africa, BOSS was qti[ uslng this franking code trick and I am sure they are still doing so.

, with four published. boolcs to his irediti,ho:aho,,tn$o lm degree. Back in 1965, when he heard thst JohS Vorster had allowed his btot&er to gr to church, Denni$ aei6epptidfOr peiniission to attend Mass on Sundays. Vorster,reff!$* If that sounds absurd, somethingeven more ludicrousoceufred. Dennis lived in Port Elizabeth, which is +8S ffi (ZZ6 krn) from Cape Town dnd, being under house srx&. was unable to visit his brother. In the banning order Vortilef had imposed on him, a clause clearly stated he must rftt communicate in any way with Wilfrid. Yet rVilfiid's,bd!!*i,, ning order specifically' stated he could communicate \r.i&i. Dennis. This meant that when Wilfrid telephoned Detul&,, he could tell him all the family news, but Dennis !a$ st allowed to answer. I may have been a spy, but I stilt had a sense of humour and couldn't resist poking fun at this nonsensical state aif affairs by.writing a story on the subiect.* Some governrnent
officials \ilere not amused, but my spy-master, H. I. van derri^ Bergh, didn't mind in the least. He knew the 4ory woulrl ::,i please the liberals and leftis* and make them trust,me sF;}'':$ , ,'' the mor; I also wrote about another example of bureafCriitic

The excerpt I have included from BOSS files on Dennis ,:Brutus clgady shows that the South African govemmen! *reeards him as a Comrnunist. I have no proof *tat he was oii" Communist, and neither has Pretoria. They banned " the Suppression of Qommunibm Act withorrt hirb under glving the public anj :proof wh4tsoever- BOSS did not :.believe Dennis was a Catholic. Yet after Dennis left South ' .Afr'rea he was granted a private audience with the Pope in ,*re Vatican. I wonder how Ptetorib will combat that awksard itm of information? They can hardly smear the (then) Pwe as a Communist or a Comrriunist dupei,it e tti" bro*rer \filfri{ Dennis Bru-tus is a fascinating characret. Not only is he ao able writer and.a talentedpoet,
,

stupidity. Brutus Street in the Port Elizabeth Gitouied district of Gelvandale was named after Dennis Bruttrs in recognition of his services to thecity. Yet Dennis's banning ' order precluded him from entering drat streer. ' \ffhen I arrived in London to start spying I tried to infiltrate Dennis Brums and met him for lunch in-a qrsaf, caf6 near St Paul's Cathedml. He was quite frienrlly at first but then became rather cool and aloof. I do not know,if I said something which gave me away. Only he hlorrs that But he kept me at arm's length, end try as I might I got nothing from him. Then, about a year later,,he started grving me items of news about his SANROC sports groqp and the attacks it was planning to mount against $qrth, Africa. I thouglrt this was valuable information, not urty for Republican Imelligence but also fot the Smday gxprds * Johaonesburg Sunday E*prex, 18 July 1965.

i.,'r';ffi' :il.:ll
.

INSIOg Boss gorrerffirent if a.vba.Was issued to hiftij. ttib docsiri$bi qd"d the fact that Dennis hed been a d*gate t tre

'

ri i,,, . i:,t' :' This really was a cunning ploy by"Dennis because ,r,, l,' ' Pretoria goes out of its way at all times to convince the ,,,':."; $outh Afritnn pubtic that political exiles in Loirdon are eotrlecting funds from the British public to fight apartheid ,:,' i' ' but are really using the money themselves so that they can 1;, . cgntinue tg live in luxury flats, drive expensive cars and
'atfeld trendy left-wing cocktail parties. It may sound silly,

Johemesburg. I cabled dozens of stories given to me by Dennis Brutus, and all were pubtisHed prominently. Writing such anti-government stories suited me perfectly. Not only did f earn money frorn them, they also hllped tomaiq tain my vitally important cover as a liberal journalist. It took years before Pretoria got wise to Dennis and when they did I got another nasry blow to rny pride. , '.Dennis Brutus has been using you in a very clever wayr' ttrey told me; 'Ve are worried that you have been writing propaganda stories for his SANROC group and its sucl cesges. The worst part is that you are proving to South African llryks that Brutus and his exile friends are working hard in Britain against the South African govemment.'

, . ,
,:l

; :

Vhites, and it makes the Blacks of the country feel they are being betrayed by their own people in Bfiain. While spying in London I was kept well informed about Dennis.Brutr.ls and his activities. From time to time Pier
Schoemail gave me snippets of information which had been
I

'Lbpdon.

monitored from the telephone at Dennis's home in North

: '-

'

do not know how Pretoria obtained these details, but I do know that BOSS did not bug his phone. I did not keep a record of all the snippets given to me, only of the ones I was asked to follow up.'These show quite clearly that soineone did bug Dennis's phone. In 1968 a telephone interbept disclosed that Dennis was planning to take up a position as a lecnrrer in Denver, Colorado. Piet Sdroeman told me that, on hearing about this; H. J. van den Bergh had sent a full dossiei to the American Central Intelligence Agency warning them that Dennis Brutus represented a securiry threat to the US

with Gerald E. ,Cair, ^ldeKayr:.ff Assistant Army Attadr, in his officq

3o June, and had a chat

cally in the United States.' I1 June r_@ my handler, Piet Schoernanr gav trre I _ detailed bacJcgrounder on Den"is Brutus ompled from intelligence files in Pretoria and asked me to type it out afresh and give it to somefle at the American gmbassv in Growenor Square. f cannot rernembc why pretoria wanted. me to do this. I visited the American Embassy on Monthil,
:

threFmonth visa renewable every three months In another telephone intercept Dennis Brutus told some-, one: was privately wamed by an Ameriwr offidal thsE. my visa would not be renewed if I started agitatingpoliti-

lnally dqd"d to allqilr lenais Brutus a pricautionary

American authorities were repgatedly Aeh;iis dr i*i,*df his visa. He told sornsrre (identity:not 6ro*- to rc) .I could,raise an internatioml srtink abou this by rccruiiing the help of my friend Sean McBride and the firternatiomfr !o _rry ofJustice " . .' Much later the American governmeot

in Cuba and added something pretoria did not knm. I j "While in Cuba Dennis had met Fidel Casrno 661:.fu6 r,:r: obtained from him a{rorooo granr for rhe .relief of poflitigd prisoners in South Africa,; The.CIA said this rniey.l '. :,, been channdld through to South Africa Uy CanonC&lff ---'..r -Imdo g6,t,g6, Internationd Defence and Aid Fund in ..:i.:.t defence oasts of Black politicat aamsd. Slrortly after his information from tlre CIrq,, a$o&Cr telephoneintercgpt on Dennists discl6edtdrat'ha had been interviewed by an official- at $e American Efih bass'y in London in late 1968. The official told Dennib thsr the Pentagon was 'aor happy, about hio appfiotion-foro visa to enter and work in the United States.Another te{ephoae ifitercept on Dennis,s telephone t about this time showed that he was angry becaue ttre
1

,,ii iiutbTuJil"fi;;'-ffi1ii;'bffi ""r*"at;'6 replied by telling Pretoria they knew aUout Ocnnis beinq

'I

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2,r9 i-rNgtD8 S'OS8

6n the foui'th floor

'

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'1

'Thorpe, had asked Dennis Brutus if he woulil consider etanding as a Liberal candidate in the British elections. In

copy ofit m once. Another telephone intercept had Dennis telling someone that dre British Liberal MP David Steel had warned him 'that his telryhone waq 'tapped in connection with his public protest against the Queen attending a British sports meeting iaJuly 1968'. (Priorto this, on rz July 1968, Dennis Brutus, .accompanied by British Labour MP Mr Frank Hooley, had handed rwo letters in to Buckingham Palace asking the Queen not to support the Amateur Athletics Association Championships being held in London. In addition, Dennis and his bmther \Vilfrid, along with Peter l{ain and other 'enriled South Africansi had mounted a public demonstation 4ginst the eharnpionships held at \Fhite City on 13 July.) ' Another telephone intercept I was told about disclosed that the then leader of the British Liberal Party, Jeremy

ofthe Embassy. I showed him the rgport on..Dennis Erutus and told him it was all my work. He. handed it to his secretary, Patricia, and she made a photoI

Ali:was planniag to fly to Souttr Africa to box in two exhibition'bouts, to raise money for Blackjeehools. ' :i Dennis immediately flew to New York and lnterviewed ' ' the Loulsville Lip. TLe picnre he painted of South,Africa I was very bad and Ali started worrying about the advisabiliry of his proposed trip. Shortly afterwards Ali flew to Londidts. :r on a business trip, so, to press home his point, Dennis telephoned Chris de Broglio, SANROC's London-based pub:. licity officer, and asked him to educate boxer Ali ftrttrer ',r about apartheid irt' South Aflica. Mr De Broglio had a - ,, brainwave and instructed another SANROC memhsr named Omar Cassem to gatecrash Ali's suite at ttre Hilton, i Hotel in Park Lane. Mr Cassem, the owner of a successftrl building company in London and president of the British National Federation of Master Painters and Decorators, was chosen to approach Ali because he had been a Mrxlirn,' priest when he lived in South Africa several years earlic Muharunad Ali was not annoyed when Mr Cassern invaded his zuite. The two men talked for nearly an hogr;r during whidr Mr Cassem told Ali that any improvements
,

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this telephone conversation Dennis Brutus was heard telling a friend that 'Mr T*borpe tells me that if I decide not to stand he will have to choose Learie Constantine instead.' Dennis Brutus did decline and Mr Thorpe then approached tearie Constantine, the former West Indian cricketer. Another intdrcept on Dennis Brutus's telephone showed that in July rg6g, after a visit to Algeria, Dennis had flown to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and while there had met Henry de'Bruyn from South Africa. Mr De B*yn, a former ANC member in Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg, was then training as an intelligence officer at a camp in Tanzania, .and he had received his initial uaining in Mosco-w. Dennis Brutus still fights the South African government and its continuing apartheid in sport attitudei. The last etory I wrote about him disclosed that he had masterminded

I had been told, while I was in Zaire, that conditi,ons had improved for Blacks in the Republip. Now, I.have been convinced that conditions have not changed at
he said, 'because

forBlacks in South African sport were'mCre window dreser ing for the outside world'. As a result Ali cancelled,his trip to South Africa. It was an srcellent news item, so,I nnote a, story on the subject.* In that story I quoted Muhammad Ali on his sudden change of mind. 'I had decided to fight in South Africa,'

a plan to stop Muhammad Ali, the world heavyweight bo4rng ctrampion, from makin! a visit to South Africa in rgZj. In early February of that year Dennis had heard that

all.' The cancellation of Ali's uip disappointed thousands of South African fight fans, but SaNifOC was overioyeil and South African exiles in London celebrated by holding a party to toast Dennis Brutus's dramatic iuccess. Dennis Brutus hates any form of discrimination, and the . best way I can describe this is to relate an incident whrcll,' * Johannesbrrrg Suttilay Express, 4 May tg71, headlined: .Bann6d Poet Told Ali: Stop SA Trip.'

;,.

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?r2: Il{sr}B B9S8

oeeurred while he $as serving his.eigfuteen-rnonth serrtenqeQne afternoon the commandisg,officer ordered Dennis tq.

"--

"'

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17 ; .BOSS 15 FORMED

qeded by his wife and:ehildren, who' to put it'starkly, were living on the breadline. But then came $'loom. As -

roring the worst, Dennis mmbed his hair as he was being escortcd ttrere. As he stood to attention before the big dpsk the commandant handed lirn a cfieque for {r5o. With it was a letter stating he had won the money as the first prize in a Nigerian poetry competition. Dennis was iubilanr. The money was despbrately
be brought to the main office.

r 'South Africa's Nen'Gestapo'wus the description giwi .i by the Bridsh journal New Suawmn Stmeww when the Bureanof ' :', ''"; State Security was officially fot'med in May 1969 W ,t rl General Hendrik van.den Bergh. But it was, in realiryr f1.6t :,. 1

funis

ran his eyes over the accompanying letter he noticed sonothing which caused him to hand the cheque back to ol'm sorry, sil, but I must ask you to re the commandant.

turn *ris to the sender.' \Fhen-the astonished commandant asked wh5 Dennis 'poimed to a'clarrse in the rules stating the poeuy contest open to non-Whites. hd'only ' 'Well, been that's'all right,' smiled the cornmandant, 'you / ace a non-White.? Shaking his head, Dennis rcplieil,. 'It's utre that i'm classified by Pretoria as a Coloured person, but it's not all right. The contest was not open to Whites. That makes it racialistic, and I will not associate myself-with anything of that nature.' The much-needed cheque was sent back.

Concilium in central Pretoria, and all the senior offiers and desk men who worked for Republican Intelligene . moved in with all theu files. The new narne BOSS msde . li litde diferene to me or other agents in the field Most,of us kept the sasre code numbers, the same handlere, and l collected the same information, but we were told we could go heavier on our expenses, as BOSS had abut {m.i:|, million to play with rn its first year. (The Sourh A&icarr :,::. public Was told the figute was_ less ttran a quarrer of that.; . For FL J. van den Bergh, however, it meant he was suddenly : elevated to South Africa's spy-master number one. He: . ,: became the overlord of all intelligence networks, including the Army, Navy and Air Force, and was answerable only @ , ,,,,i:b ! Prernier John Vorsfer. It was a trehendous promotion, se I wrote an in-depth pmfile on'South Africa's New Stmng Man' which was published worldwide by Forun Xforld i,i
,

'''"; the old Republican Inte[igen; nerwork given a nedffi ", and lqalized by parliament, BOSS was allocated a magnificent headquarters cr{od :,'J

::.::,

Features.

I-knew about BOSS being formed as early as 19 April 1968. On ttrat night I secretly met H. I. van aen gergd in room 856, or 658, at the Growenor House Hotel in London

organized. BrigadierP. J. 'Tiny'Venter, the executive hpad i:, of the South African Security Police, sa1 in on the coavdrtd; tion, but not for long. I made an enemy of him.that,qigdiiij . ' First I complained about the mix-up Tiny had caud with

and he mentioned that our new spy agency was

being

..,:

'

aT4

INSTDE BOSS

, ,

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8odg.:'tsir'FoRMED'2Ts

Fiet Schoernan when I first,'atrived in London' Hl tacdblly solved that by saying it dernonstrated how well South Africa kept itsiecrits. Then I criticized Tiny for moving in too quickly whenever I submitted a report on anyone' I ", out ttrat so many bad ttrings qrrickly happened to '' pointea 'South Africqns soon aftur they met me ttrat this .would inevitably create suspicion. In particular I mentionbd the 'names oi t*o iournalists in London, Dennis lfiley* and Iohn Goldblatt. who both received official 'keep-out'letters -fmm ttre South African government within weeks of my reports on them. I said this kind of banning-ryas- stlly, beiause neither of them was a Communist and I had only casually mentioned in rny repofts that thcy'were antiaparth;id. HJ turned to Tiny and said 'He's right, you tnow,. , .' Tiny became quite petulanland left the room, clairning he had to telephone a friend. This suited rye perr ,feetly; f fif.ea HJ and Le always told me fascinating'ltilp so close ttrat oncE for his ,:t. rrhen we were alone. We werebought I birthday, 'Randy'-, a-uansisy.oung daughfer's l.,

' ''

iorizJd dog from East Berlin which walked, barked and wagged itJtail by remote control whenever a whisde was blown. I will never forget how tKe two of us got down on our knees and played with the toy when I gave it to him. I shudder to think what one of'his vicious Security Police intenrogators might have thought on walking into HJ?g s6ss that day. bedroom H. J. . As I sat in the Grosvenor House'Hoteltime subrnitting van den Bergh told me not to waste any reports to Pretoria about -Amnesty International (the London-based human rightsbrganization, founded in 196r to aid and draw attention tQ the plight ofpolitical prisoners in all countries). When I asked why, HJ said 'Our American &iends know most of Amnesty's secrets- They have in* Dennis Kiley was the first journalist to be fined under the Prisons Act when in rgeo he exposed the fact that several Black prisoners died of pneumonia in Modder B Jail because of a lack of blairkets on a bittErty cold winter nrght. He is now syndication editor of the British Finmcial
Times.

'

'ff you,ttrink about it, the CIA would be snrpH ifi$ey didn't take advantage of an organization like A,rrngsy{:'r ,' He then cducated,me briefly on the subiect bV poidry:r' out tlrat Communist and left-wing activities wer a pm!$&-,,' in most ountriesand that activists were being arrested 4S,., iailed every day. HI said ttrat the leftists could be'ooq$.t. mended Or one thing: tlrey went out of their way to renaNfi -; ,:: 1' loyal to any conrrade who was iailed. thery they arrange escape, his behalt agiate on "They look a er him whm he's released, and they never fail to,usg his imprironment for polirical propagmda purpoces.' T,'his" .' said HI, was why the CIA was $o clwer in tlsing An By infiltrating its groups in virio"s cqustris thc CIA harvested a huge amotmt of information: who'visitcd political prisoners, who financed ttreir defence in ourt, who ' paid for their appeals, who agitatd for their releese and:" -ilho orgmizea &iapes erc. rrIJ. vsn den Bergh said &8t the answers to ttresL and otlrer questions ofteo unmaskd , many ottrer Communists, leftists and people 'used as toob by the Communists'. HJ smiled as he told me how the CIA had floated a highly successful rumour that Amnesty was a KGB-front organization formed'to aid C,ommunist prisoners in various.p.arts of the world. Vhat amused HJ mwt was t@ his own propaganda experts in Pretoria used this ffir rumout whenever an Amnesty feport criticized prison con' ditions in South Africa Apart from pleasing the CIA, ttils had another good effect. It proved to the South Afri#l voter that the'Communist'mena@' was a very real one and . helqed to takg the domestic heat out of Amnesty's repofu :' on South Africa. ' Ending his speectr" HJ told rne *tat some of drc snippem on Amnety sent to him by the CIA often had looe t*x$ which sometimes aeedd tyrng up. If I tiked h wosldscdilr some of these to me rcgularly &om Pretoria. F*lscinl&d gt'

filtrated it so well that in several countries@.riin A'in$ry groups.and use 6enr to their own ends.' \firhen I registered surprise HJ srniled in a pqfieqn{ tpay.

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INSIDE

BOSS

BOS$ :I8, FORIMID

. ?Iz

would appreciate that. He kept his word. I Within three weeks of his returu to South Africa I was sent regular iteris concerning Amnesty. These were delivered to me by my London handler. In some cass there was a recognizable South African angle to the information, but in others I was often unable to work out why the CIA had serrt the snippet to Pretoria. Some were so remote I wondered if the officer in Pretoria who was designated to eend them to me had even bo*rered to read tlrem. I received hundreds of iterns about Amnesty from 1968 to tg74.Whertever I was able to give Pretoria further details or ansrffer a question posed I had no further need to keep the snippet and burnt it' But when I was unable to answef, a query-immediately I kept the information in the form of -brief lmernory-iogging' notes. To give some idea of how

the thought of receiving regular ClA-sourced inforrration,

told HJ

Pretoria rvanted to know from rne tf profiissor pentz was connected with anti-South-African exiles in London, begayse it was known that he had .visited Cuba in Janusry yqr' (rS68) and anended the cultural congress theri, {iu where he had become friendly with Dennis Brutus,*d Alsr La Guma, both banned under the Suppression of Communism Act in South Africa. message I got from BOSS on the subiect of _ -Jhe*next Mike Pentz was in March ry7o.I was told that professor lentz was now Dean of the Faculty of Science at the Opeo the Defence and Aid Frrnd. I wag asked: ,pentz was livilrg at a house in Henley but has now moved to an,address neai Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. please obtain full address.' At about this time BOSS also asked me to find out how friendly Professor Pentz had been in Switzerland with Pastor Pieye Bungenar, a founder member of Amnesty. different subject: 'Amnesty claims it will not adopi:or help prisoners who have advocated or been found guilty of actg of violence. If this is so, pleasd find out wtry Cotourea ma6 Adult South African Subject Gborge peake, who served 4 $entence in SA after being apprehended in the act of planting a bomb, gets {3o a month from Ampesty.' on this request from BOSS, I ta&n*y quizzed ^Acting George Peake on the sulject. As it happened, I kneW George quite well and liked him because he-had a grat sen o, if humour and was a superb storyteller; lte tola m"fr" i"i
asked Amnesty

University and that he was fliendly with Canon Collins

sf

inrich B O S S knew about the confidential affairs of Amnesty 'rn many parts of the world, particularly London, I give a ,fw of the many snippets BOSS sent me shortly after HJ returned to South Africq : A professor named Michael 'Mike' Pentz, who was a computer e)rpert, had once started a night school for nonVhites in Reueat, Cape Town. He had left South Africa in 1947 after an attempt had been made to have him prose-

..{t

another.stage BOSS sent me this *err"ge .on

cuted for forming the Cape Peninsula Night Schools

Assoclation. By attending classes there, most Blacks would them from entering certain areas. Mike Pentz had settled in Switzerland, where he had become active with the Swiss branch of the Anti-Apartheid Movernent. BOSS told me: '\0e had it from a good source that Pentz had applied for a post at Cambridge University au_d- it was suspected by our section that his motive was to infiluate himself into some nuclear research prograrnme beingconducted there under British government authority.' BOS S added that it had passed this information on to 'the British firm' (British security) and the application by Pentz had beee nobbled 'on seorrity grounds'.

.have been breaking the Urban Areas Act, which precluded

for financial aid because he had defected

{roqtnleNC and gone over to the rival Black movement, the PAC, which was very short of funds. 'The {3o a monrh I get from Amnesty is actually piaid to me by Amnesty man Peter Benenson as a private donation out of his own pocket,'he orplained. .A Miss S. _ In_October r97r BOSS sent me this snippet: Goldberg- of z Fisher Hou9e, Ward Road, London Nr9, was involved in the sale of a bronze horse and esrne antio# African weights from South Africa at Sotheby's and Co,

218

. rlt"BtDE'Boss

BOSS"IS,SORMBD

. 2I9

"4 #';il. i;*-c"rauog b corrirted *i*'lrygr*T itta it it suspected she is sending money to a ltlscK

number New Bond Street, I-ondoilt" dt 2 lglryll^'The bill

mnd'oo

Can you ascertain wtrere *te ili"i"-t" SA. question: canre {rcg oliet""uyll weights ffi;; South afr-ican *'il;;;; Mr and Mrs c' me this:

Kent' ar9 M;ffii;/r3i'overbury Avenue, Beckenham' political a with coanection in rrom rsr-aet

t;Atoss-seot

'A

ilffi;; H# to be a cover J*"#.ft"re. The above addrese is believed is a addrees'-There Amnestv the of ffffi;;Ji;;;d Beckenham the check 3;;h A;icall connecion. Please neighbour told rne iJJ"ot.;i-*"". to this address and aworker,lived at tbe Amnesty an ln"ttt^"tt' ;il'M* i[u" address. ':ffi, rlreceived anotherlreqgqsq from Boss which ';i;,-tt*
'ixio -It
,t*I6ei"-g"u"

February. Please confirm if John was John Humphreys as there is a South African connection.' Later, I received a follow-up from BOSS which stated: 'John Humphreys on rolzlrgTz wrote a very confidential letter to J. D. R. Kelly of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees at 14 Stratford Place, London \Vl, asking for information about four South African Bantu. They are: Moses Siqotho

Brrt he was angry that the staff had gone home leaving all the windows open overnight, and nort morning, he had posted a security notice up on the board warning,all staff to make sure they closed the windows before they,$rsrt home in future. BOSS thought this was very humorous. In March r97z BOSS sent me this: .Kathy pick was ir ward ten of the Vestern Hospital, Fulham, London, sufering hepatitis. Vas visited by "John" of Amnesty fui
.

Tima iournalist, telephone number 969 " tora Am"estv $a1 lre is disturbed about 6s ;5;;;;6;, asiliiuiib's ifii"o.y choosing a man narnei Brohi or Broni serc- Guardiovt z+l8l (rot full:baekground o.i*"e'r"*yo. as long as they treat i9i;j M"t":r"ttttit has told Amnesty, or Broni is not Brohi tliat confidnce', the itt;itit 'umtost suggssting Mascarenhas Is i" t***i"apofitically. Query: operatrve/that * tsrohi is an intelligence l"-OJoU"t r97r trbSS sent me this: lOn z'ofgltg7t' ttt"-t*f" e*tiitqft London office was opened so that

ifr"igir ilJJ-S';;d"y

year and while ttrere her contact number was trip'' isee"d. Pkase'ascerrain r6son for this: 'Airthony Mascarenhas' B0SS sent me

Mar,shall went to

Nor*ay frcn septemrber

(alias Nkomo), Nimrod Mabija, Max Mngomezulu and Fred Mahlatini. Query: \Vill attempts be made to get these

four to travel
Lesotho?'

overseas

on a United Nations grant via

I, also received this from BOSS (date not 'Rebecca "Beckyl' Babcock, from America, now at Aflnesty office London. $forks in the Research Departrnem and is friendly with john Humphreys who oversees the Southern Africa Section. We have Babcock's address as: 7 Richmond Crescent, London Nr. It is necessary for us to have this address confirmed without any possibility of checked the address. ft was nor correct. I reported back to B O S S that Rebecca Babcock had moved to r iz Leighton

effor.t
I

*ittdo*t in theoffice' Query:-Did the Secretaryruu*"f "o"n suspect this was an inside iog?'' C"*t"t ;,i-** uttaute to aoswef this quesdon, but BOSS later ' its own answbr q'hich stated that when the nre ibnt i:*r*"y-General had returned t9 hi: o$-ce and found tlre ;-f" 6& ht naa presumea that he had left it so himself'

"t could be photographed' The personwho certain documents the safe door properly so he left to'close aiJr" ana to allay suspicion against himsdf' opened il*iat "t-ule

Road, London Ntil75.

**

In

Graham, White Female Adult banned in SA and now in Britain. Does not work on staffat Amnesty's tondon office but is known to be.using their address as a cover. A letter arrived there for her,recently. Contents involved leftists in SA. Please investigate.' BOSS also sent me *ris (date unknown): .Fattrer Cosmas Desmond author of the Dhcarded eeojte book by

early r97o BOSS sent me this: .Dick,

N*.y,

-: :-

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INSIDB
BOSS

BOSS ,IiS:rfGB*tfE

aAI

Pene-uin' has been adopted by the Aylesford Group-- of amioty. Monies for him are sent to Kate Rorke or r- Hlgh -SGi, Ayfe"Ard, Kent. Sheis the only per$on who knows G-id;#iy of tie man $rtlo *pcts c conduit for cgsh to Desmond. Please investipte.' = l" i*" or July tgTz I received t5 f"o* BOSS:

u7igmore Giling'steptien gubb, c/o 19 Gladwin Close, donations to a Amnesty with hdm; Kent, is connected *r"i*".r convicted in Pieterrnaritzburg Natal, in April Towns i"irrft"". donations art :seot to "Medway possible _rt__ if details More Amnasty lnternauonaf Group."
please.'

mernbers to visit their adopted prisoners in prison ,itrig important at this time-that Amnesty should not be sont

great interest to Madrid. Direct quote from Csnncory teltes follows: trBut, because of Amnesty's special ntci--i;trship with the Spanish government, which allows Amnqsty grgup

to Mrs Pahahi, Amncsty told her somethirg whictr b of

'

iriLondon. Query: Wh9 is spreading the rumours about Stella Joyce being a CIA operative' Is it Barney Z""f.on, So"rnafrican activist nowliving at rz'Kidderpore " London NW3?' Gardens, BOSS had some fint with the Spanish Secrniry Police tn ry72.:In that'year I was asked to 'clreck on a wolnan' to me itr"-ot o"g" I gbt from BOSS clearly indicated told was I connection' African tfnua *t"* rt* tio South on be wolld 'p'assed subiect the gteaned'on d"i *ytt i"ii me: told Boss what is This ii.nnadrid'. hi*i'. ;il 1In earlv rszz Mrs Thelma E' H' Pahahi, of4 The Greylands, High Iiickleton, County Durharn, con1rctg{ 4P"*.qt wished to write an article about Spainrs Segovia qi" *li 'ititlt "ttE a-""t"y's London office wrote back to her' in a dated February tg7z, sayingthere was no reason why * 'ittt"t and a plisjner there named ;-;"id; on Segovia Piison'published' Then, in this letter S*aoval, sfiould not be

BOSS also sent mettris (date not known): 'Stella l-oyce' believed'to be a merrber of ttre CIA by South African oolitical activists in London, has left Amnesty to run a set "The Prirnitive Pmplers Fund"' Not to be ;;k";;; Stella Sweeunan, an Amnesty wor,lt<er noy with ;"ftt"d rrarried to John Cavill, a male White South African iournal-

and especially those details whictr we are able io garhq through the visits. trndividual groups do call attentiori ts the situation of theirbwn ppisoners - being careful not to $uggest that the infonnation has been acquired throtrgh e visit to the prison. Ve are, however, ptanning to do.a maiqr prison report in future, when much of the material sent to us by prisoners' familie and friends will be .brought to *re

nected with publicity about pi,ison conditions in partiqrlar

sufface'."Etc....'

irt

Uutba

BOSS wanted me to d,iscover when the maior report on Spain's prisons was to be issued by Amnesty. This iequest puzzled me greatly" as, if BO S S was receiving regular higtr... level information from some agent or agents planted in Amnesty, why should they ask me, who had no frielrds in Amnesty, to obtain information about its confidential
atrairs?

In February 1972, BOSS sent me a long message concerning Mr John Martinus Ferus, which showed that Pretoria was remarkably yell inforrred about the activities of Amnesty mernbers in Germany. BOSS told me: .Ferus, John Martinus, Adult Coloured Male alias '.Hennie" of 14 Hamner Street, Worcester, Cape Province. Member of the S.A. Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), detained on r/ro/1963, released on bail 3olrz11963 after being charged with sabotage astivities connected with the African National Congress. Charge dropped January 1964. Served rvith banning order in terms of Section 9(r) of the Suppression of Communism Acr (Act U of r95o). In April
1966 he was prosecuted for contravening the banning order.

Iq..

,children"

A-;.]' t" J""" rgzp *i

*MrDesmondwasappointeddirectoroftheBritishSectionof now lives in Lndon with his wife and two

De&ils of his banning are relevant as we understand Ferus is to be visited at his home address in South Africa by a nrerrber of Amnes,gy. Yet his banning order makec thib

r.{ 1.,'')riti:l

tt?' INSIDE BOSS

.
$tiU does not

BOAE t:glFOA*tBD

2Zg

proposed visit illegal. Ferns'soatinues to.be rbstricted to -noifo in terms o663rgneryious banning order.'. . "o*t BOSS then gave me details about the-proposed-visit to M" F*"- by a"member of'.Amnesty' They stated: 'Our'

will make personal contacr with Ferus

during a special visit to South Africa.,

wislito

leave SA. Von HerEberg now says he

,"Eefore

l;ng"

iJon:iatiot is that Herr Clenrs-Rudrger yon Hertzberg' a memO.r of Amnesty Interynational, is planning to visit F*os:No ofrcial teqttot had Ueen made in this connection ua J" tt" rherefore-anxious to know when Von Hertzberg at i, intenaine to travel to South Africa' Our indirect source -nir""tty so case specific this U" open to suspicion !n

"6ota detaile to help you guard against it" ;;;; "ootltty person during your investigation'wrong the anoroachine German Section of s'"{;;?".- rtt" fol-lowing: The had the case of Ferys in

(Gtoup 45) Hertzber^g of that group moved Von but ir*j;*" time Group zo8 in Wolfhagen and retained his "**tht-a*"otv Furus. otbup zo8 closed-down. in Novernber il;;;; and took the ru"".*ft* Von Hertzberg moved to Munich the mother wittr contact in uen rri He h ;ifir hl;;t him. with the Ferus tur contact made ;"F"*J;;tilG for arranged also Hertzberg S#i.h A;esty Group. Von of Ferus to make arrangemother the ;f#;e ; his to visit from prison' The identity ;;;i; i"; Ferus after his releaseduring his visit' discussions ;irh" friend is known to us and South Alrica lelving Ferus of the sublea ili*J;;n he confused released was Ferus when #ti"."trv. But of leaving intention no had he clear it *"H"g ffi;;#6 the girlof wishes the it:Thi.;"t "ppit""trv based on of Ferus. friend '^';i;e;;"4"i of the swedish Amnesrv-lroup' one Herr subsequently met Von Hertzberg in Rosenstrom, Stenhan ,f,"v discussed-what was described to us as Iifii"h :;ilil "tta ;.p"1 to be taken in connection.with the Ferus ;;. According to a letter sent to Martin Enthoven at

ffi*.y-i"i"*atiortal

Becker ffi"G; i;idln, datea p tg7z, from.Theresia r$fest 6o83' of Amnesty Group +S iiS r4ffitras5,]Aldorf H"t" noii ii6rtzbergand Herr.Rosenstrom will i;;6t, ;;;;rffi;diti" of the Ferus case" although Ferus "*"
7 I

known address: 4e Southfield Road, Oxford. Telephone &602.Has a friend David King living there.' I asked my London B O S S' handler what . problerh child' meant, and he replied 'ft's a BOSS euphemism foi a youngster who refuses to spy for us.t Eric Abraham was later banned and placed under house arrest when he returned to South Africa (see Chapter z4). From time to time BOSS even sent me photocopies of documents which had clearly been taken from Amnesty files in London. I burnt most of these but still have sonne, One is a photocopy of a l6tter senr by Mrs Tracy UllweitMoe to a Mrs Jean Etsinger at the Brazil Herald, Rio de. Janeiro, dated rr February r97a. BOSS also sent rne regular copies of Amne*y's monthly surnmaries, whictr were c_learly marked 'Confidential'. I still have one (numbered r4z), which ourlines all the aaivities of Amnesty's staffmembers in London and the projects they were investigating in varioirs countries such as Iran, fndonesia, Sudan, Tunisia, Morocco, Greece, Turkey, Paraguay, Cuba and Northern lreland. BOSS also kept me informed on all new members of Amnesty and their firll home addresses, f still have the .List of new mernbers' for Decembet tg7o, which names fortynine people. This will probably cause consternation in Amnesty, as they are said to be particularly securityconscious about disclosing the names of members. BOSS sent me this list for an unusual reason. Amnesty member * BOSS intended to arrest Herr von Hertzberg if te visitea fvfr
Ferus, but this plan was dashed when someone iarried VonHereberg not to take the risk

1973, BOSS sent me this: ,Abraham, Eric Antony, White Male South African subject, a student, aged 19. $fas National Chairman of the '(National Youth Actilon ,, {n rgTt and a member of NUSAS at the Universiry of Cape Ton*n; Problem child. No,w working for Amnestyin Briiain. Last

In

2a+,rt{s,lD8'aoss ":,
f,',
',::,,,.1

BOSS

IS FORM&D. 25

F!,
i'l;',r'

sunber :33 nas listed s MrYtct.or ${g1cy of 4s G!6R"fr,'ctti"oicL, r,olrdon W4. B0SS wanted mgto il; -out if tfris was th0 ftimous Sdrrh African actor/ find p*arrot Vi",o" Mellenery, oroue of his relatives' It was not' The cstabtishmnt of BO'SS led to one of tfie most slrst{ind outcries in South African tristory, with protests aa*rt"g f,rom advocstes' profe$ors' politiciaos' ctrurclrrnert tod fi5ral editors. at the time I wondered what thesc people would trave'said if thcy ha{ loourn about dre ultra@ Repubtican Inte[ignce having oprated for the previouc tix y""ts. : ffrr olficry agginst BOSS caused Precrier l-ohn Vorstq a thilrrnission of Inquiry-into S-tate Security and to "peoim s."t* seorilv. er* tttlg wa"'C great confidence A;ii;;;"i tick peredred on the Southr Afrieari public' It"'was so suscdsful that in latr y=aq VYst$ trse{ the.sary 9"k i" nlnformadr strnpt to saft his politicat carer when ttrc tb"n Scandtt' started eruPting. ' :fh" Coiltni$sion of tnquirv into BOSS rras cariied out bv Mr lustie H. J. Potgieter. He was chosen by the bd oi goSS, Generat H. J. van den Berglr, and approved by \Ior:ster. S.oi* BOSS operatives in ttre South African Embssy inTrafalgar Sqlrare allocated him a room which trc 6{tli use as an-offici ln *o not long before Potgieter askd to met iournalist agwt Rorn whb was apparently something of a luclry thb I refitsed &tutot- tVtt.tt Alf Bouwir told:me about grilling by a was a I wanted thing last The frnt-blank. in$c'ura-lisd not to told me Alf irrase. ' isiU rfused to eoePotgieter, so Alf Borwer told him I

pltedfr; August, r97o and tabld in the House of Assembty ' bgtrtgt mo"tt* tater in Febnrary 1942, Orae of the main

was away od leave. .Ivlr Justice Potgieter's report was com-

rdommendstiotrs be made was: "llo prectude any po6' sibilitv of abuse and to secure public goodwill and confidn;, it should be made clear beyond all doubt that the Bureau?s affivities will at all times be resfficted to mattenti

that have an actual connection with the Security of the State,'Jhe repgrt_went on to say that it should equally be made clear that BOSS should never interfere in thE private conduct of persons, their business activities or their potitiot views 'except insofar as these are of a subversive irature'. The machinations of B O S S subseguently proved, without a shadow of doubt, that Mr Justice potgieter,s recommendations were not worth the paper he typed them on. In August 1978 BOSS officiatly ceased to e>rist. The" name 'Bureau of State Security, was changed to ttre 'Departmenr of National Security, (DONS): This was simply a cleansing ractic to get rid of the hated nickcralnd BOSS, which had become synonymous with skulduggery all over the world. The South African government is clever at changing names and phrases. Vhen the word apartheid became disgraced all over the civilized wotld as meaning 'Apart Hate', they started using the phrase .separati development'. \Fhen this in turn became despised they changed it to lmulti-national development'. When overseas newspapers refused to fall for that phrase, Pretoria started talking about 'plural development', which was probably ttie most cunning. Mr P. W. Botha, the present South African Prime Minister, has come up with yet another. In August $Zghe said that South Africa was a multi-national society and that the principle of 'vertical differentiation' between *re racial groups was accepted. I'cannot give an official o<planation of that new term, but I know what the Whites who vote for the South African goveflrment will make of it. In their language it can be translated into the 'standlng" difference'. Meaning: 'we Vhites will rernain upright and the Blacks will still be kept down.' Vhen the initials SB, for Security Branch, became synonymous with. torture and general mayhem, it was insisted that it must be referred to by newspapers as the Security Police. The name most hated by Blacks in Sor,rth Africa is the Bantu Affairs Department, because it rules every aspect of their lives. By the mid-r97os the Black newspaper Posr courageously started referring to the Deparunnt

a ,:

, ', ,1i,.

'i. .

.':-'. 1 .: {l

l:,:.-:, '.-

'.

":r:

' :',?fi'
bv

utef,Dt

EOss

BOSS

tS FORMED . 227

tib.*l press. Pretoria'thought they were very shrcwd - ii uay 1979 when they changsd the name to tlre more ofo+peration *d P: t' {rindly-souoaing'Departnrcin.veloprnent'. But-they didnt win. The Blacks now call it
bv ttre

iu initials, BAD. To theeatreme annoyunce ofthe Sorth thistdsrodwas-imffediatly adopted ei"tlo"

CAD.

'
'

ordered not to use the word rnulti-racial' It suggests a minsline of races. And that they iiefinitely do ryt wa$' A

luxu"ry d'toogt"t hotel, whictr b now ellowed to admit those uery iew Blacks who can afford it, is now referred to as a

'multi-national' hotel and any sports between Black and White are'multi-nati,onal ganes',' Treat with caution all thme rent claims by tlre Souttt Atraa$ Prm{er Mr P. V" Botha that he is a nrore nloderate

'Vhen I.use a word;' Humpty D*p* igptied rathcr scornfully, 'it means iust what i Ooose ii ti m&m-,}.l.iiG more nor less.' When Alice asks if words can be made to menrm rs,s ,The question is, which Firg!, Humpry Dumpty an$wers r,:, is to be master, that's all.' It is the same with the changing of the name BOSS.,[j DONS. BOSS has not cfrangei. i is stru *.-"sno.-frost of the men I knew still work at the same desks, in tfre saua . headquartere, keep the same files and get up to the s@c _.. dirty ricks. Reputable newspaprs night keep that in mind whenever they find it neesary to refer to South Africg's 'new' Deparment of Natioaat Security. BOSS, I as$Gr,e than, is still alive and well. And very much kicking.
i
,

' , naawhoiskentobreakdown amanwhowould ' : like to give the Black maiority a better deal and a man who
ls sor;thing of a reformist, trying to educate his tough
Afrikaner followers into a new flexibdity.

"

that gag in an effort to gain zupport-frocr the Engtish-speaking-White voter and in the hope of gettmg 1 durable nerr image for South Africa overs{ts. I've heard it all before John Vorster said it when he made his famous 'give us,six months' statement in which he indicated that South Africa would abolish rae discrinination. But aothing rrally changed: Vha:tever iw p. W. Botha says and whateve he claims he intends to do, I guarante one *ring. He will nerter, but never, agree to any form of genuine power-sharing with th9 Blacks insiae Vhite South Africa. And ss for Black maiority nrle, tlnt is totally inonceivable. No, Mr Botha is playing wittr words when he talks about reforrn' moderati'on and flexibility. . fer i*t like the spene in Atice Throryh ttrc Inohins.'Gbss wherr Alia asks Humpty Durnpty about his misleading use sf a certain word.
h.as used

It

sounds good, but every single South Africari Frcrr1ier

li

'.
WINNIE
I ' I l;r' ir'
'

TtsANDET,A

?29

t8
,

WINNIE MANOELA

Wiirnie Nomzamo Mandela is the wife of Nelson lvlandelar tfrJlr;fti"* National Congress leader who is serving.a life Robben rstand'lail for his part in the'Rivonia ;d;il llArirpr".vl ihe South Africa4 goverryelt hates Winnie' woman in the ftr*ltt" h", ", the most dalrgerous Black a as somelhing-of her **i .y. ttte maiority of Blacfts qee Africa' South to come rwolution Should firuri. io* oiet" -uanl"u would almost certainly be the chosen i{"d t*a"t,of ,ft" Blacks, and his wife Winnie would be the\first lady of the land. '"Fr"toti" has tried to frame, bribe and harass Winnie for u*tt, U* she avoided being iailed for a long perigd.b-11 ioi*i" of f"ck and the supfort of the undergroundi-NC *tri"tt *t*uvs made sure she had the best lawyers possible to ;;F";e h";: A tall, good-looking and articulale woman of mt y-t"u"tt, Winniellas been repeatedly subiected to detention. house arrest, restriction and vicious attacks on her hq#. Since her husband was first iailed eighteen yeals aC9 H" tru*U*n free of restrictions for only eleven months' A ;;;id worker with the Child Velfare Society,.she wa9 fi1s1

I first met VZinnie Mandela in 196r at a discrest multi* racial party in Johannesburg held by Rand DaiXg MaiI librarian Sue Deas and photographer Aubrey KushnsrWinnie and I liked each other and she gave me a small,tin lapel badge bearing a photograph of her husband,s: fac-e. At the time he was a fugitive and kept popprng up all o{rd; South Africa rnaking political speechis and vanishing again This made the Security Police look stupid, and Nelson Man^ dela beeame the prime target on Pretoria's list of enemie$.,,, Winnie Mandela knew I had many friends,in Soweto and also knew that I had helped four men, three of them Btack, to flee from South Africa i[egelly. It was understanda,ble, then, that she should trust me, panicularly after I was deported from Sornh Africa. One of the firsi things L did on arriving in London was to write letters to her. Her first letter to me started 'My Dearest Makaza . . ., Gordon Makaza was the pen name I used when writing articles f,or. Black newspapers in South Africa, and I was well knonnr by. &at name in Soweto. Mahnza is the Zulu expression &r lcold'or'frosty', and Blacks chuckled, at the idea that I had deliberately chosen it to take the mickey out of my real surname. $(linnie and I wrote often to each other over the following twenty months and I still have some of the letters, in which she asked me to do certain favours for her in
London.

by so give supporr to her hrlebaadh African -d9ing :,' _,: .r National Congress. . ,
31rd.

;;;J

and ftJfto* communicating with any other banned person, *rat included her husband. During their twengy-two years of*oiug" Winnie and Nelson Mandela have only lived tosether for two years. When he was not in iail he was on thE run, operating underground or raising funds overseas' ann pio-inent Bhck who opposes apartheid in South ef.i"i is immediately labelled a danger to the State, or a terrorist. Winnie Mandela is no terrorist. Of that I am sure' But I dq know she operated an underglound anti-apartheid borp. It was the onty way she could fight against Pretoria

in tgz. At one

stage her banning order ptecluded

In one letter Winnie Mandela gave me a clue which led me to discovef that a Black reporter named Owen Vanqa had spent several months studying journalism in Cardiff, Wales, and,that he was connedted with a well-known South African qrile there. As a result of my report, Owen Vanqa spent more than a year in solitary confinernent when he returned to South Africa. Through my correspondence with Winnie Mandela I also
found out'that Peter Magubane, one of South Africals
famous Black press photographers, was helping heq in

he

r.

. ,

.:

'.

':

I -.

t_

a3o' rlrstDa soss

,tpctctartl-apqneia rctirid.,I,tnew Peter Wite w4l and tEJ ili*.}", that didn't stop me betrsving hiq to^ Brpmria: He spent a total of 586 dsys in dcention, mrch of
a !a gnother letter Winnie Msndda tnrsted meawith Black Sllakano uy'Joycerc;;'oover addiess ,iscc
-

wrNNr*ff*tcl!3!-.r. E:F

. ,. . :rt,i'

._

,..

";
it:

,.

it.in solitary

.qonfi

nernent

th+ Rrrrd Daily MoT in'JohannesFurnalist orr the staffof [,utg. l"yo was born on :4 tunq r943r. matricrrlated: and of *dr6& a degree in politicat science at the University political good a had she wnnn, S*tih Africa. e nan*omc lrl. @<gxound, as her grandfrtber ws the late Revemd A' Sikdane' a founder creober of the Afiicao National C.ongress who was one of thousands demined during the Starc declsred in Mardr 196o afinr the notorious 6f gtn

Mandela, Winnie vns the 'priza'capturc, Fm &st neano the police did not dare tornrre her in a way trhieh.left a4y -marks on her body. Instead they made her sit in otrpgg{ign for neady'two days while teams of interroguors, tlw-ftrnfi on a shift basis round the cloch quizzd her. Thls di& oriented her tremendously, but she did not crack. Neitltru: did Caleb Mayekiso, one of her detained friends. He died during the last hours of May 1969, his body officially beirg found on r June. The official expluration was that he hcd

tlrc Anti-Aptheid News. These could not be sent to lVinnie's home address in Soweto because she knew the Saurity Police monitored all her rnsil So she sent me a $ecrEt cover address in mtral Johannesburg. In all, Winnie scmmethree oover addresses- I gave them to South African iqdligen' and all three were careftlly rnonitored by the -Securlty Police. It was found that N7innie also used these addresies when,writing to her &iends in tlre political Y"d9tfor.thg Srcrlnd. It was a long and painstating reoeivd Winnie letters the of many because men, S"otritv wercsifire{ bypeople usingassumd orodenams squads on their Bt$ P;toria i".i*rtv placed identified' were all eventrrally and tFtum ddfesses By May ry6g H.J. van den Beqh believed he had tbe matCogt of . big show uial agafutst l7inrrie Mandeldand her Dotidcal associates. Nationwide dawn ss/oops were made by i.-A Security Pote and more thrn 1fu16y pgople were detained for interrogation. Being the wife of Nelson

"gB".y shoodnss. As a result of my spying' Joye spent Shamerd[e *tr.titm momhs in &tertion- She fled froin South Africa iady in July rE6 andmarried a Sordsh doctor, Kenneth RankinIn anothe letter Vinnie asked me to send her copiis of tbe British Anti-Apartheid Movement's regular newspaper,

'collapsed 'and died while in police custodt'. Inqr*st verdict: 'Death by natural causes.' Another friend of Winnie's who refused to talk was Mictrael shi*t* Hediedl iust before midnight on 16 June 1969, the first nigtrt-of his detention Officiat elplanation? IIe had 'commft&d
suicide'. Paulus Mashaba, another asociate of Winnie's, eracked in every sense of the word. After high-pressure torttrre md, endless nights without sleep he was a broken man, and-lt signed a statarnent incriminating Winnie. Sorne indication of the shame and anguish he zuffered by his betra5al can bs gained from thg fact that after he had sigrred the onfes$iod his mind bnrke down. He was taken to johennesburg's Weskoppies Mental Hospital in zuch a state of disorientation that he was unable to speak coherently. Today, Paulus Mashaba is a free man who,wanders round Soweto aimlessly, ar-rd if you speak to him he grves a vacant smile. He doesn't frnembr a thing about his past. The peo'ple of Soweto shake their heads sadly at the pathetic unkerupt' figure. They call him 'Mad PauI, the man-who was sent
crazy by the Shit Buikem.'*

H. J. van den Bergh's Security Folice interrogators zucoeeded with some of tWinnie Mandeta's ftiends. After electric-shock torture to their genitals they signed onfessions and agreed to appear as Starc witnesses. A big show uial was then mounted with the help of one other maa FIe was Philip Golding, a twenty-six-year-old eoonomics gradrF ete frorn the UnivErsity of Wales, who had emigratd to
*
Black slang for the Sccurity Police.

5'

232

'

INSIDB Boss

African Chanrber of Mincs' itr -- *re Soottt detained on 17 May, a few days after Winnie Cotai"n *as

South

Mrica trlrg6T and was'workin-g as a labour economigt

wrNNf$.:l;l*upr,* - a3: R{glan Gard@ Orhsy, Hertfordshire, in tr*ly }aornry

only one rquest; my interviemr shorld be m r'#{he. firord' affair during whictr h vorld'talk freely as lorry"ct.' promised to publish uily tb orrments he apprcr'eiitiii*i:r When I agreed to this, Golding relued and talkcd like a msc*rine gun. Yes, he hd held back quite a lot of informscl tion when he had givert c*'iderrci aginst Vinnie lVthrldbl*r' and her oo-accused. In fact, he had cwtmiftd periury by delibffitely lyrng in oourt When I asked him why he-tiad told these lies, Golding explained: 'By telling thern I wx signalling to the accused in dre dock that I had been tortured imo rurning against thern, and that despite my we&reec I' was going out ofmy way to help tlrem as far aswas t"r-.df
possible.' Bdo're I werrt to intervienr Crolding I had been bfiefed by South African intelligence that during his pretrial int+ rg7o, and he was quite udlling to talk to me said represented South Africa's Black magazine blCIn.Iibmgde

dSiI

headquarters in m""i"f","*J iaken to Se6urity -P-olice. signe{ a c:T= \ffhen-he i;it*iul*fto" he was tornuedplaced in was he Mandela \ilinnie iliilt"i""ti*i"ating rI".Y1* threerreeks' nearly for confinJment GJ;u,tty or British friends lawyer, his with contact any allowd not ;;rgil ;ffi"iuit, *a to keep his arrest scret the security

i,"rio or""d

il;AM;; well' ;;Ji rh;; he was a free man and was fit and virytie tg69' r December "';;;;;;;.i. later, on of her rwenty-one 'trial with to M*d;; wus utoogttt sikakane and Maeglan3, Jovce f"to iitliiJ,"i".r,iaft
'

him to write a ietter to his sixty-nine-farlld Winifred Golding, in-Britain giving the im-

peoplJl hadspied on from lT0?"' b;;?fi;;*"ittt"" uenry-one main t!qg:9' dlgflq in;

il;;;;d

faced membership-of the banned African National as "-"i"i"n-tft"ir C"igt?t" Ctt" tti"t "uttt" at the right time for Pretoria' it would aqd electioqs foi tlre government was preparing that the be used to reassure to-" tttJit*t W-hite voters eleme:rts dangelous with' cope police could So",fo ifti"an " It did not nrrn out quite liki that, however' The evidence was So weak' faltering-and riu-""-Li tft" State witiesses was clearlv uied to i;;-;"td";;; liven uv Philip Golding.' rdro and her Vinnie which in activities iflegal il;;;;-li; case abandoned.the ;ildr-h;d Ueen iivotved. The State accused: the 'You told The iudge ;d;i,ilt"* all charges. Bergli was furious and ordered i'." *q*""a.'II. J. uln d.o again at onla lheV detained be to accused all rwenty-two --Stud919 w"t", *a tnit caused a nationwide o-utcry' by police called marched ir protest arLd 357 were arrested them. in to quell -ei"G

rogatios,Gotding had admined bein*g a of 'thel "iemfer British Cunmunistkrry. Yet H. I. vat dn Bergh wm now doubtful about this. I was tsld that HJ had 'checked'wirh London' but Golding's meinbership of the CP had nc
been confirmed

asked Golding why he had told his interrogators he was a Communist when he cleady wasn't. He replied: 'A Lieutenaiit Ferreira was the rnain torturer when I was being questioned in a roorn at Cornpol, the Security Potice headquarters in Pretoria. As I lay on the floo.r at one stage he'. kicked me in the face. I knetp I had to say something to stob them hurting me or I would crack completely and giveaway

-'enlt

to rnter'vrew van den Bergh saying I should find an er(cuse of double kind some plaveg. Jbviouslv rtia itldi;;,;"rt"

il;d;;.Th;iext ;*;T

his

Plrilip Golding regrnl{ 1o thing r heard was a message from H' J'
e-vidence

i"toui"*"a GoHiirg ai tris mother's home in

everything I knew. They kept shouting the word "C,p6,, munista" at'me and this gave me an idea I put my hands up in zurrctrder and shouted that I'd had enough and wanted to confess to being a mernber of the British Co{flmunist Party. This was absolutely urtrue, but it wprked At once they stopped hittiqg me and asked if I would eign a statenest mnfe.ssing to being a Commtmist To thrt ig was worth a ton ofgold. Theyhad captured a setf-eonfessed

!iil,rit

434

INSIDE;,8osS

WINNIE; MA'NDBfie

'

235

Blitish Communist, and this'sould'be brsught up in court

as,a g,rrilt-by-association smear ggainst'IFinnie Mtrndela and
.

ttre;'ther atcused.' r' : Golding told me that ag,soon as he had .ign4 his Cornmunist co-nfessionthe torture stoppecl, He added something ilse of interest: 'The Securiry Police were very unlucky when they swooped on Winnie Mandela, because they iust

ft was cold, brutal logic, and HJ realized it,wes true. If was disclosed as a secret agent and gave evideirce against an
important person like.Winrrie Mandela, her defince teatn
would obviously question rne about rny part inthe lIl.eldeck

kilirfg and my

*irr"e unotfter group ofANC rtrernbers whowere operating ifparallel with Wnnie! srou.r'' wrJ*g*""a -t I submitted ali this information to Pretoria, and Security

my past and wtrether I had any criminal-convictions. Fsf some reason H. J. van den Bergh had not considered this
factor, and he had to cancel his plans to call me as a witnesg Then he got another shock. Winnie Mandela's defence lawyers had somelrow heatd along the lEgal grapevine that I was being considered ae,6 witness against Winnie. H; J. van den Bergh found ortC about this because one of his Security men had managed to plant a bug in a room used by Vinnie's laur5rers when they interviewed her in connection with her defence. According to the bugged conversation the defence lawyers asked tWinnie if she had ever been in contact with me. t!(Ihen slle eonfirmed,this, they were horrified to discover she had also sent me several of her secret cover addresses. Thgy told Wiqnie that it was abundantly clear I was a secret qgenrfor South Africa. Winnie defended me initially by pointing out that I had been deported from South Africa. But in the end the lawyers managed to make her see sense. I was definitely the traitor. The rumour quickly spread in legal circles that I was a spy who was flyiqg over to give evidence againqt Vinnie Mandela, The rumour also spread to journalists in
Johannesburg. NowHJ had a very sticky problem. He had to find sonne way to protect me, and the only way he could do that wotrld be to discredit totally the rumour t{at I was flyingrgsgft 16 South Africa as a witness against Winnie Mandela. The old fox did it beautifully. To stirt with, he sent me a message in London saying I must go abroad for a holiday in late July:'i

smange relationship with the Richasdsory gang. This would definitely lead to further questions

sblt

of torrure against stefted a fresh Pollce interogators -her twenty friends. ryavg Livingstone Mancoko Wiotti" and and Victor Mazitulela broke down and signed confessions' ffriifr.*nir and other infbrmation he had picked uP, H' J' vaqrdeo Bergh moved in on:Winnie and her reniaining .inht""t frierids yet again. All nineteen were charged under ttie Terrorism Act* on 18 June r97o, and their trial was set z4 August r97o. down -ln. for was so determined to setde his score van'den-Bergh J. on'ith'fuinnie Mandela that he was even prepared to sacrifice onu'oi ttir favourite agents. He sent a message to tne in London saying I should prepare to fly to South Africa to appear as.a surprise State wimess! He also arranged for a lararyer workingbn the preparation of the State's case against Wir*ie to stai compiiing all the evidence I could give to tlre court. Aft.t instructing the lawyer, HJ mentioned his plan to the Premier, John Vorster, who turned it down flat: '\X/e can't risk using Gordon Vinter as a witness; he's a man wi*r criminal convictions in Britain''
83 of tg67,is the most powerfrrl weapon African police, It empowers them to arrest any actJ or has conspired or incited such acts i.*"" *U. t * committed i"iricn coufa 'endanger the maintenance of law and order" The Act is of the Soutlr Afrigaq i"l*Jv a.n"ed Itrat almost any opponent for interrogation i.ni*. .i" be arrested without a warrant, detained court, lawyer ;tfr-i;;;l;;.[tary confinement without access to any exempted froui ;i;i;ii;" for an indefinite period. Children are lo! th" e"t qn{ if they fall foul of it, are treated as adults'

* The Terrorism Act, No.

nossessed bv the south

Mandela came to

(tglo) and return to my London flat iust before Winnie rial on z4 Augusq. He told me to dranr

o<penses for my holiday, and all he wanted me to do was to send as many postcards as possible frorrrny holiday

{zoo

itlif:li
eg6

. lxetoa. Bo$s

place to

dl my fnends and ionlanHg ooilcagues in lohgrnpssuited mc.fne. I sao still living with fil gvaas' and earlier in the.5fdtr shc had booked a small vith'ip Fuengirola in Spain durif,g the month of July. Jill

b$ ,,A paid holiday

hadalready arrangedairtickits on a drarter flight for herself agd ner two young sons. I was not.ableto iget a seat on the sarne flfuht, Instead, I totd Jitl I would drive from Britain to Spqin in my car and meet her in Spain. , On Uonaay, 27 July, I dmve to the feriy at Newhaven andsailed to Dieppe. I drove through France and Spain and arrived in Fuergirola on 3o July. I stayed in the villa,with ],i11 and her two sons, Paul and Simeon, until r r August, and then the four of us sailed to Tangier for two days. Vhile in Tatrgierl sent an avalanctre of postcards m all my iournalist frieqds in South Africa, tdhg thern I was having.a lovely

dence against Winnie Mandela in two aais' UIne fo . '.; ggrsthen_mV +!i I had taken a good friend to thefu;, , .,ri This was Derck Jarneson, then a smior iournalisr wtdi: . ,,tl'i; Smday Miror,later the editor of ttre British Daily ErorlxB. ,, ,,,:: ,l
Derek was
'as far as
a

and serrcral South Afticen exiles attended.,f,'f leA,mazemem when the exiles told ne the '.incredibbdiAour':tliAt I was supposdl to be in South Africa waitingto sive

Ari-

close friend of

doubt, that r had

*ipe in the Casbah.

..

tfrs postcards started arriving in South Africa HJ got his disinfurmationmen to ddiberately add fuel to the rumour that f was on my way to South Africa to give evidence again$t Vinnie Mandela. The feeling amongst liberal ;ournatisa in Johannesbprg at that time was that m] post* cards from Tangier were a bluff, aimed at covering the fact that I was secretly hidden away in Pretoria. I still have a lerter inmy files whictr showa that ttre hysteria reached such

left them witfrout a t{ to stand on. HJ's ploy had worked well, The upshot of the whole thing was that my name was never mentioned. at* Vinnie's trial and the Sate's c:ne was weaker without me
as the squashin_g of-all the rumours

anyone had asked Derek he would have confirmed this. Rlt I know nobody did. The rurnours were obvi6@f.'. ridiculous. The same attitude was raksr in Joh when Winnie Mandela came to trial. The people who hai spread the nrmours looked snrpid. Winnie and her defbdie lawyers knew different. But they could hardly say anything

b*n-;iriT;H3ffi;ifi,1l;X#H

Jill Evans, and he t

t"i, witfrolii

i..:,, 't

'r'o*l

as

pgoportions that my editor" Johnny Johnson, was also T@'f.ried. The letter was from hirn and in it he warned me about the rumours he had hsard. He nbde no bones about .i!. I was seen to be a spy who had been Winnie Mandela's mntact in London. My holiday in Tangier was a blind. I was really in South Africa secretty' waiting to give evidence
at Vinnie lvtandela's trial. ' H. J. van den Bergh's disinformation trick was running

friends at that trial were exactly the same as those on-which they had been found not guilty at the first trial. All nineteerr were acquitted yet again and released. But they were not free for long. Shortly afterwards the South African governrnent placed the lot under banning orders or house arrest.. Ifthey cant get you one way they find another,

a'drarnatic eecret witness'. Most of the charges facing Winnie and her eighten _

:On 16 August I returned to England by ferry and drove $raigh up to Sheffield, to stay there wittt relatives until the .nigtrt of zr August, when I drove back to London to attend a party. ,The party was held on a barge near Paddington Station by Dick Walker, a forrrer Johannesburg iournalis6

nnoo*rly.

When Winnie Mandela was acquitred, H. J. van den 'Dirty Tricks? department* planted a rumour round Johannesburg that \Vinnie ,was actually a BOSS agent. That'explained'why she always got acquitted whenever she was charged. The main reason for this $'as to frighten other Blacks away from any connection with Winnie. H. ]. van den Bergh was determined to stifle thb political life out of this rroublesome woman. The Dirtv Tricks department made life miserable for Winnie Mandela
Bergh's
in many other ways. Whenever she found a job her ernploycc ' * Division C3 of the Bureau of State Seanrity (B O S S).

''\ .a received a discreet visit from thp' Security Police' got-S *rJi. tn" f."ot finding hErself out of work' HJ also

INS'IDE

BOSS

wiNNits'raat$DEtn . zlg
Bnmdforr and Soweto. None of the ondtlCI+hs chdogcfi qnd we arc giving her Rroo a month for nottlingr'what more

ii"ootiuttucks on her home in Soweto' I do ;it;;i r97: a noi fr"n" a full record, but my files- show that in October In backyard' her in lurking found ;;;;* r97z ioZt"*"u"dy broke into her home' on 17 November her into broke men three later, #l;;;tJlen. Two days 1976 she In October bed. in her strangle to ilJ;d.;i"d petrol bomb was *r Auiui*a again. On 4 August 1976 aWinnie ba*icaded ;ffi;;hficliher windbw. No wondergot herself a tough,' an{ nishl i" ft"i home every ilor"lf -Rideebact the midst of
dog to guard tire backyard' Yet in lost her sense of humour' To give the arTnit trt" tt"? "qi S."*ltv i"tice detectives somett'ring to really puz'7le gbnt'i' Russian leader' It ;h;;;tiJ the dog Knrshchev after theasked her detectives when said, she C"**""iJdog, **"

*fint ---il H. I. van den Bergh got the last laugh' On r6-May ,;;,-;;; u*i"g order iesricting Vinnie to the Orlando air"tii"t of soweto was altered to festfict her to Brandfort, thirry miles-from ;;A iom itt the orange Free State, gfffio",uin and a five-hour drive from lohannesburg' dawn lar4-and Winnie was tfti *a.t was sewed during auU her furniture' The police immediately wittt il;;th; backyard without any the in up tied t* it u dog Krushchev dog who deserved to Cornmunist a was He *ut.r. fooa on it, ;;;." J;h. As luck would have a neighbour heard
aoe whimpering four ift" --Vffii"',,"*oual

ii.;AoA it hat6'fascist running dogsi

she added'

b living in Brandfort and Soweto poees an obvious questioo; so I will answer it by describing tililinnie Mandela's co'trd'' tions there when she anitd. The tiny Black township't$':t,:i Brandfort is called Phatakatrle which' in English' rnddnd ''Handle with C,are'. There are 725 hou$es, occupied bf 5,zoo Blacks, who mainly speak Sotho. Winnie Mandcll G"kr-XhG *U "un*i, ti tp"ut Afrikaans, wlri*r ifre &scribes as the language of thoee who oppress Southl Africa's Black peoPle. Winnie was placed in house number 8oz, which had three small rooms, no water laid on, no elecfficity and no watef,borne sewage system for the privy outside. The house' i8 one of those concrete and cement blocks and is very cold; Winnie's teenage daughter Zindzi said 'It's so cold early in the morning that when you breathe you can see the wster ." vapour.' The house was so small that much of Vinnid$ furniture had to be stored in the near-by police station \Vinnie was subiect to dusk-to-ddwn house arrest on weekdays and full house arreqt at weekends. in the beginning Winnie found a lifeline to her friends in Johannesburg. At a certain time of the day she would stand
:

does she

. Mr Krugeros clairh that thete is no ditrtience

want. ..?'

for her to *o;th ,ob in Johannesburg. It was impossible -d"J*oir. so to avoid the emin the tiny town of Brandfort,

fto*

days later and he was saved' Soweto meAnt she lost a fzoo-a-

the governrnent had to ffiuS*""r of her itarving to death The Minister of monl!' a of alowance f,ee ;1.;h;;; i".ri"", fUt limmy Kruger, Caid she had been removed from the b"*"r.i G**" ite was worried about her agitating the first

Ly the pubfiCtelephone kiosk outside Brandfort's post office and wait for her friends to call her. But then telephone callg started coming from pressmen as far afield as Londsn aod New York. Pretoria quickly pr.rt a stop to that. 'Sorry, but there's no replyr' said the local operator whenever the call box number was asked for. A Johannesburg iournalist tested this by ge'tting a colleague to go down to Brandfort and watch Winnie Mandela stand by the kiosk-three days run'

.routh there to mount

mass demonsuations on 1976 shooting in Soweto' the of June i""iu"ttov -J{*g.t iaded: 'Thereis'no difference between living in

ning at the appointed time. But the phone never- ran_g. 'Soiry, there's no reply,' the operator sweetly told the journalist in Johannesburg - three days running. _
But the South African goverrlment will not break Winnie'g
seems

'

spirit. On the contrary,

to be spiritually'lre'

"She

a4o.

*N8IUE'BOSg

itj
rii'li.

ehared with eah curtailmr$ of her personal ltbe*yi a correspondant for the British fieirspaper Thc Tiws wtote after investigating her lonely life in Brandfort. Although {Finnie hss 6een detained severa!-times and arrested times without number, she has never been,found gurlty of any ofience other than infringing her banning orders. Like the last tirne, when a call had been made to a Black leiSlboty's houee because Winnie wanted to buy a chicken for Sunday
lunch: She was convicted of breaking her banning order-and given a suspended iail senfence.'Yet Vinnie still laughed. She told her daughter: 'The ,Security Police must have suspected f was trying to buy a Rhode Island Red.'

19

. ADf LAIDE AND O[,t.,trER,:.TAMgO

My clandestine correspondemccr with Winnie Mandeld helped me to cement dn importorrt ftiendship in lorldog, with Mrs Adelaide Tambq. Iiler husband, Oliver Tamboi is regarded by Pretoria as, othE most danggous Baffir' (Blak) living outside South Africa.
Excerpt from secuet B Q S S fi.tes (rg7r):
.

il:l'
i:;"]' \.t::,

i':t.

'TAMBO, Oliver Reginald. Adult'Bantu Male born 4lto/rgt7 of peasant family at Bizana, Psndoland. Edlrfloly Cross Mission School, Flagstatr In 1938 he erl rolled at Fort Hare University College for Bantq graducated Ludeke Methodist Mission School and tbe Anglican

ated r94r with Bachclor of Science dqree. Suspended for leftist agitation on ca,rrrpus and'orgunising sit-down s$ikes. Allowed to retum one ]rem later where, in $plil 1944, along with Nelson Mandela helped forrn Communist-inspired Youth League of the Africdn Netional Congress to revitalise the old ANC as a militant revolutionary body, Became a teacher until 1947, ttren articled to legal firm in ]ohannesburg 1948. Bccarne registesed attorney r95r and established firet Ear,rtu legnl piaoeice in Jrihannesburg with Mandela who had also turned to ,C;ommunism. Elected to ANC national rrccutive rgt9. Banned from attending public meetings for two years in

of Soweto. Appointed ANC secretuy-general to 1958. ,Charged with High Treason DecenrbEr ,1956. Discharged 1957, Appointed ANC deputy-presi. dent-general 1958. Left SA illegally on 28/5/rg5o\,to,
Bannr
1955

t9S4 after political agitationcampaign rnounted amongst

avoid wanant of arrest for plotting maso,insume*atioo:'fti Bflrtu towrships. Appeared at United Nariqrs to epeccl

g{s . tNE{Et Boss

{,
rgp-j,

ADET,aIDE

eNn or"lvrx* $nMso . tg:t'

set'up a la$e :llr-6rnrnrrrigt-fnanced: terrEaist' &aining carnp at &Iom*". tis miles west of'the Tanzanian capital Der:ec

fc.cupptrt qahst apgtfirftt, 'In

may be accepting hetp, ln the form of weapns ormon6y, from, Russia because he can't get regulgr eup'p(rt from
anyslhere

, .t-.nu

,.achings of Mandst'theory and the uaining of ,,riltrcf-i"r"o"ists-i" rrrbulgsfrsitla tactics and methods of' ,.*dotao * be used futside'Soufi Africa Tambo attended . ti Odi"t* Revolution debrations in Moscow rg67 and ,',,rhr L*io.C-*:ntenary cdsbrations in Augu* rgo, pes' oiU"a as "Comrade Tmbo" in the Fcbnrary'- 1968 issue of the ANC's monthly ioumal "Sechaba" whictt is in East Germany, with the help of KGB-trained -propaganaists, ""mt"a by Erich Veineft , zo8 Neustrelitz' Tambo l#t"t oc*onai srticle'for the r@ May Etay is$re of tA" gtitiih Communist nfllspaper "Morning Star"'On ,'fr;, death ,of ANC preeidot Chif Atbert I."9$ l*htte6t\ Tambo appointed acting:preciderit of ttre ."iliC. -nlguh"tv aneods OAU aqd'Unitcd 'Natioms ,, n*tios" *;a travels round the world appealing far'firulls to Ue useA for military-style attacks on Souttt Afri&' r',,\fifb. Adelaide Tambo, Bantu,south .A&ican subiict' ,live at 9a Cho-lmeley Parkr Lqdon N6,'wittr thsir three ;:childred:',Dudulani Tmb, female aepd ro, Ddindlela C*Ut, male aged tz, and Tarnbi Tarnbo, fernale aged :,,rg.*tro Ot" the fuckna,cre '(Puttrixia{ as,she yas bop on ;'"t6l,to1tg57, the dqy ttre first Russian Spumik was laun,,cnlrd. Oti*et Tarnbo is known in London as the "Guf,rilta Chief'of the ANC.'

.."rrtot

S;G*t.

-thit

of the

is sq'led the "provisional head"u*p in exile t'but mainlyused as abase ANb

remember listerting do (and taping) Oliver Tambo addressing a 'South Africa Freedom' rally in TrafefuB

else,

.., 1 '

.,'

,,

latest oews ftom the guerrilla battlefront, his Afri(hdt ,,:i, National Congreos stewards walked round collecting mqrpy in empty Ovaltine tins. Tarnbo told the crowd ttnorrgh a microphone: 'Help fight apaftheid. You can do it right &onr ,: by giving us your ptactical and material support.' pointing to the fund-raipers as they rattled their tins he paused,,lo gain maximum effect and added 'We dorr-t want your m6ral support. We are sick and tired of moral support.' , To this day I still don't know if Oliver Tambo is a Communist-' or not. I do know one thing, however. If he has
;

Square on z3 June 1968. As he told the massive audienee:&s

etnbraced Communism wholeheartedly,

it

was because the

South African govefirment forced him into Russiats wgl. coming arms, as it has done to thousands of other Blacks. Tambo'was certainly no Communist when he started his adult life. After leaving Fort Hare University,he sowht an audience with Bishop Ambrose Reeves in the hopc of,
becoming an'Anglican priest.'Yet he was
a

the ANC at the time. This hardly fits in with the South African government's constant smear that all ANC mem-

senior rnember

of

ilccause thev have investmnts or (White) relatives in the brst"v, wiil probably snatctr at 'Oliver Talnbsrs visits to

rt*d

People who prefer to se South-A&ica through rose-tlnted becar,rsi thev are stausch right-wingen, or perhaps

Rlr$ia; his anich in the Britistt Cbmmunist Morttitg Stan the ; 116 the firct that his daughter was aarned after For Rur"ian Spunik as 'proof'that he is a Comrnunist' dt,I *norp he;Emy bea C-o,mmqniet On''the'otl,ret hand he

bers are Communists or Communist dupes. But of course the South African govef,nmefit is lying. The tmth is that most of the ANC's mernbers are keenly religious, as ,are most Blacks in South Africa, who have more than 3,QQo different retgious groups, some small but several with memberships of over roorooo. The South African government also repeatedly clairns that the African National Congress has only a very small following emongst Blacks. That reminds rne of a little known incident concerning Canon John Collins, the Pre: centor of St Paul's Cathedral, when he visited South Africa on a two-month fact-finding tour. While there he addreseed a group of forry Black clergymen in Jotrannesburg. At one

.;

..:
:.i, ,r

' ef{ ",,*nsrgg jsss*g. ,: , r ,

" 'l :-l:

:t1,.

.'..':::',,:r

point he ces,rally dsked tf any of dtse mm o,f God suopoftd the rdfrican National Congress. There was a nuin silence ultit ,T3,i1","41 9ge qutlpoten priest *t".d qiC back of the hall and pufled.'an ANC mernbership &rd pslpf E pockt. Aamitiing being a **,b., h; ili rlf I .wasn't, I wouldnt have a co-ngregition to pr"""t il;Th; tltirty*eight other priests dco-pulled out theh ANC rpembership cards. Only one at thm meeting rnas not an ANC msmber. ,Adelaide Tambo is a lovely ,.' wardr-h*lrred and eentle eqrl. She's also politicauy ;ile met her when, as a fi.,eelance fur Fleff Street's DiIy Ma;I, I'overed the weddinglof a Black South Africon'd;;;; Stanley lxirrnke, to Lady Christina Catt o*effa"ay" tt e lfentl-six-Vear-old daughter of the Earl and C*rnttisof Cranbrook on rr june!#7r* I also covered the vrcdding f,tr South AIlien intefligence: They wanted pfrotogr"phi of svcry.south Afrlcan aftending *iC tfr"y also wanted to ftnqw,rphat .daoger, if any, Stanley Leta;ka posed on a pyb$p- l"y:t Uv his marriage intoihe British ar*;crat: fle didn't. He was not interested in politics, although,he hated the system of apanheid.

{DBIAIDS AND OI,IIIBR TAMAO. A45

y9-?j1g:."rn"unt

of info.rmadon that

"t;;

;ef*iilil#;.?H;

.Dally

Adbiaide Tatnbo attended the cerrnody, rmd I publistred a,photo.gryp-h of her in $outh Africa,s "Dti"";r;grn*;:i qheoegrized hg by promising her.free copies of the-r{edding photographs._I_Srq rnentioned that I vias receiving tretters from Vinnie Mandela. Adelaide was pldea-anA krvited mq.to her home for drinke. I took Jill Evans andAdetaide Tambo was impressed that iru **f.iA i"i tlr"

*C"t; *rh;;

Minm

.,[.ondlrn headquarters. Adelaide

The two women liked each other on sight, whic*r helped me considerablp An'indication of Adehile Tambo's warm persondity can_$ iu{Sed from the fact that she held Jill's hmdas she told her dl about South Africa and al.the gr;sip about.ttrevarious Black South eeicanexifes at the ANC,s

Kda" one of the leaders of the Algerian n""i*i=o*ry Corrnqil, at a secrer mountaif, hideoutln Aberia. Teiil,g Adelaide ir was such a shame crumpled and creased in the envelope.s, I'of""ea io"ltct them into -i*ii"*a photograph albums for nei. Sfre

ni" *oorti,tahJ--it"Jw ;;;;#;"T; their weighr in gold to South Aflili;r;igeoce, as thev showed oliver Tambo with aozens;d;i{"?;ffi inplaces as far aosf,t *.T*e*ilil;;'?o*; Italy. one even showed.rri* i"iJ*i;**"^* rorraorqd, Bn

On another occasln A$laide Tambo took me.into her r::"dy and proudl_y rr,o*J *l-sdre of .lylgg wnrrngs. She also o.ryged ttrry farge-Uio* his privete envelopes gontaining about zoo- ptrotographs-rrJi h]*u*a had coltected during

*h"th;;B"It;i"'"iJfr", BosS or not, ot if he was muidelod.

never found out

said there was even and his body hidden. " y: l. ,ry under the collar about that and

fs3fil;'J,stffiffi:bffiH#ffitr
*-o"i;fi;;"1fileen
mount;a?b;

ercelleot clues about one o] {JAf.id-**rbere srhbr seem{open to bribery.orspy offer l In November roez eaerale" ;"ld "ppr*"fro. ff";;;'m, Aruli No"lg, " yori,rs_lo"rh Airiai;r""k who worked llilvj as e driver fq the aNc-in G;Jil.-tr" said.he
had

wltnarilJ#ffi#kouerg lrhics: *tll.*i;;, only helped Pretoria to sow discord in London by the steatthy dissninatioG;;;;ff ""r;;*rG'ANA il *o **,,t*,,
were

I visited Adelaide'shomed*f Uoro after that. Aadead d{ne r.:amg eryy

tr Sffi"[

tr

;]Hi*trh*,

I had to keep mak_ i ;*ibbrd;f,.;ti

all grist for tle-pretoria

il ilfi;!*"

murdered very hot investigation.

**: qlgqoE;;;ri"c
f"ff

takJ

so mucfr anC

-' *

*ffi

tg#l.

The wedding storJr wss published in tfu Daity Mail on

*'

n ',1-lune

f&i*,::rur#:m#*,fg:;;a;ffi r rushed
than

aq*r, t" {5o having th.

' FGil"iilto*oio ,na ,n*,,#.1 *dd*1fi;;;#,_,}, !F"ho

,r,

&-;fr iffi

gave me.tbe,

,.: ':;\t46.

rNsrDarboss

, I :, ,, i

r-|oseph Mokoena as oasually as possible. I did thb; .]oe is supposed ^a Norrember 1968, and Adelaide replied to be in Zarrrble,; but the tmth is he?s working underground

, tcase,bf Dr Joseph 'Joe' Mokoena. Something in one of Oliver Tambo's collection of photographs caused Pretoria to semd me a tequest. f'was ad(ed to visit Adelaide Tambo at her home and mention the name

Berg$ was overioyed. From the"photographs his inteililence men were able to identify'several Blac,k ANC members who were previously unlisted; in some cases pretoria had not been awa^re rhat they had ldt South Africa secretly. Frorn one of fhose photogaphs came a clui to the stranii

I then returned the original collection to.Adelaide f,ctrb' stuck into three photograph albums. H. j. v4 den
graphed.

i1*ki1;ff iltriJ.y*insihai'&i*ii;,T;.ffi ;"%!;

London handler
telephone

ADELAIDB AND OLIVSn,, TAM.BO official death certjficate..Ther,r came back the

247

message:

.I

But H. J. fdn den Beigh refused'to

.' ,

potice.net out for

: . The

repeated;;;"-*r,"ijrln"d
crarty

fal for ,n"*., iri,

uo[o""" i" Jr

said to him bv d;A:' il;ffii"i;1ui i?i;"l

ii;1;"il;ilhtffH;
sfi?ffi,#,

ii{$.?tr"#?,?ii*ili:,*j;fl;:,i*{l#f; iil;"#luried $d oT whether

A few weeks earlier.plgtoria had warned me that a con_ v,e{salion letween AdelaidC person had somehow been monitored in'Mis

XiHl*"

in Britqs. {o5oena Normallyo this would hry" U."" .u.1r,'*"iO"t"iO" Tambo known irD, Mok;;;; r,iia[a'.

with Oliver ...' ; :I flashed this back to Pretoria and a nationwide manhunt was set up. But Dr Mokoena was never forrnd. Ther.r in eafly 1969, iust three months later, Pretoris sent rne an 'rUrgBat message stating that a Dr Joseph Mokoena had allegedly died in Zatnbia. They used the word 'allegedly' because they did not believ br one mornerit that the ff"in was dead. Pretoria gave rne these details: d man using the mare Dr Joseph Mokoena had been traVelling in a 6r in Luaaka, and a blue car had crashed into him. Two men iurnpeC out of the blue car and ran away. It was later discovered they had stolen the car. Dr Mokoena had received serious iniuries in the crash and'died' in Lusaka's Central Ilospital on 4 February 1969. Pretoria said it had asked one of its agerrts in Zambia to get confirmation of the death by getting details frorn files kept at the Lusaka hospital. The agent had sent back a message stating there was'something odd'about the case, as Dr Mokoenat hospital file could noi be found by staffat the hospital. Pretoria told me this might ,oI *igh! not be inefficiency on the part of a hospitat ernployee, tsut what did concern Pretoria most was that there - yas no uace of Dr Mokoena having been buried in Zambia. &o,they. told their tirsaka sgent to rly ro:get a copy of the

ln South Africa for the ANC

and he's in regular trouch

A. N. Other had told lvlrs Tarnbol#i ivas suspecred of being a spy for South Africa 'I fi,nd that hard to believe'9hp had replied. ,Hels a nice gnough man, and higgirl-friend filf i* ,u"ii-a,"vrt;#;: ghe works fo: the ntalty u;ryi;yorih;;:f,-trril,rffi;ii t9o muc-h hysteria u*ongrr,so-utt Arii';ffi ,ilnoi,n"-ii t to **i"

ilffiffiuiltn"r filb"i itd;;il;,il.

Joseph Mcikoena 4,Feb$rqil. 1"a ,Ieie and hilbodi rraa b?d h..rvri to ilii,*., frrgre&igr@ nur-nber,on Dr Jylokgeng'q gregration-d&; wga,1963

Dr

"uig.afv ;;;;task. Somerset tuia;;"fi;".h;il1dfi; fi6 know_why. After a lo_!s "ft;;.;;r";;ffir,tr,r. I do nor il"rt traced^Dr Mokoena. qf -and "ggr"rr""ti-rrg;;;'i rraa b.1;-;;;ed at rhe iffiil Hgod lrgmayorium, Solihull, Warwi;k;lG;" ;4F;b*"ry rg6S. I double-checked this_ UV p"rorJ'of tfre ;il;l -r-irJ-"1*ar#;d;;t lFpt at. the crematoriurn. "
somewhere in Britain, was House couldn,t helo me. Th"i, be recorded in their

ui:* ofthis bugged_ c-onversation pretoria had advised _ Jl *?.:.*1y-1*:I from Adelaide Tambo fd ; y;;r-;. "* rrymg to trace a man who died in zaia;i buried

l;n:1;L:t:1"'#'rffi.T

ill".riiiili' #il#

Oi;J-rn'6"ii;lo

Theie

,"

ADEI,AIDB AND OII.VAB TAMBO

.:i.

Pe*r$19 it_was POL 1745? I iang the number ana sixolrc to a lvliss lqye Adams. She knew nothing at all about,a Dr Mokoena. Then HJ sent me yet anothi i*"rorrei tups the number was SUL 1745? I rang thb num-ber for |nq;ls at various times of the day and nigfut. No answer. I can't rernember what Directory Inquiries=told me abotn the nurnber, but whatever thcy said f pretoda. -reportea back to Then H. J. rran den Belgh found a new angle. He had sect 9g9of hie agnts inZnrbiato pay a hefty #tUe to ,o**" ,tddt access to the reoorde kept-at ttre hospitd wfrere Or $gkgeSafrad died. The-fiI9 wr" missing. Bff;;aki"g-tht" Seck it was discovened that there was instead, a fiIe on wife,'Triste'. She had nedeO ,ft{o&oena} 'her w-omb but had insisted on bbing an operation on flown io London speciSlfor t!_is operation._Nowll. ]. van den Bergh really was baffied. He could make neither head rro,r taif of thl wble ryq-s. He finally came up with the theory that someqqs had, died after a car crash in ?-ambia and ihat person;s 'Uody had been flown to Britain fo;U"tAfl". ir wasn,t Dr Mokoena. And that i9 why, said H. J. van a"" g;gh, in" substitute body had been-flown to dritain, *t*-" f;'"Ooti ry{d reognize it, and where it could quickly te got rli

lButPrffiria,wrn not satlgfic$,'$mro dtre htef f 'r#ived ytl* SFTge frm H. I. t?" dn Brgh. He *.nt.a Isrdon t\ephone number which was.known to be onnected with Dr rVokoena. Woutd I check it otrt? The number giren to me was SOL 1745. But there was some nisCIke. H. j. van.deo Bergh then selrt me anothermesesse caying there might have been an error in the SOL pai.
i

249

,service for Dr Mokoena! This really made me spit. |1oyn,ttr1 in earry rgeg it_ -."'

BOSS headquafters in pretoria still keeps its file on Dr Josen!.Mokoena open. tr,;r;9nit"il, uiir.l,i, he,s dead. rf he reatly is alive r wish he #dH;ral"ui.il t*" put pretodn t tttt': out of its misery.

{r.days Mokoena had been bunecl.

to go haring round

If I had woJ;-;;;;" il;;;;;#

."yid

r*a out where

of by crem*ion" - , I !hir* H. l. van den Bryh should perhaps have tried his hand at witing whodunnit thrilterc. He *d ;dhg;; pioue,meesagee aborit Dr Mokoecra but in threo ;t gfiry became quite frayed ctrasingthis man's ghmt. I saie I would try to'help but never did anytnhg f""6e". Sut the vttry vorst aggravation, for me, caire a full three years tater ering a conversation with.Vilfrid Brutus. tte t6ru me he had rctuatly been one ofthe pan bearers at the crernatiom

$$, .,, fiffL$ON

,MANDf

tA

i :'

NATSON I{ANDBIA
;

. 25r

If"fria

In

rg6q

became involved

,in a plot to rescue Nelson

IVlandela, the leader of the African National Congress, from

South .Africa's notorious Robben Island Jail, where he is eenving a life sentence. I infiltated the man responsible for rnarterrninding the plot and succeeded in getting myse{ appointed the leader of hls group fui Britain. The original idea was that the ace British pilot Miss Sheila Scott would secretly fly Nelson Mandela out of South Aflica'after he had escaped from Robben ltland. H. f. van {e*r Be"rgh was willing to let Mandela escape and even q6aigned a warder on Robben Island to liaise with me to ensure that the plot succeeded. This was because General van den Bergh had his own counter-plot to have Mandela ehot during a spectacular recapture attempt. The shooting was to take place at a small landing strip in a remote country area a$ Mandela was about to board Miss Scstt's light airEraft. Miss Scott would not be harmed, as she was to be brcught to court in a massivb show trial. Hf mounted his counter-plot for two reasons. It would

" a remarkable coup, giving the South African government be

tremendous publicity propaganda'all over the world. It rrould also solve the aggravating problem of Nelson Mandela - a man worshipped by millions of his people, who
see
ll

him a8 a mart"r to the cause of Black aspirations. He was South Africa's number one political prisoner and remaine s to.ttris day. Luckily for hiri, British intelligence got wind of rry activities in London and ruined the whole plot - for both sides. The Pretoria attitude towards Nelson Mandela can be qnoessed.from a speech made by the piesent South African Frenrier, P. W. Botha, in April r98o when he addressed a rowd of univereity studsrts at Stellenbosch in the Cape;

Chief Minister of the South African .homelandi; r&e Transkei. Educated at a Methodist boarding ,"nooL Mandela ironically started his adult life as a policeman in charge of Blacks at a gpld mine in Johannesburg. He wee edlrcated at the Black university of Fort llare, wh&e,he rSet Oliver Tanbo aod like Tambo was sent downfor orgnabing, strikes. It was the beginniag ofhis amazing political r@l He ioined the ANC'g Youth I-eague and after snrdying law established the first firm of African lawyers in lohartnesturg with Oliver Tambo. In r95z he was appointed Nationel Voluater-inrchidto head the.No bail, no fine'Defiaace Campaiga. This was a passive resistance pnotest which urged Blacks to voluntarily breal< the oppressine race hws by refusirrg to carry their hated Pass 3ooks. On appecing in court they refused bail and insisted on going to'i"it.o.i pmtst against apartheid. Not ooe Black fist qns,f,aised,in violencer,aobody was iniured and the police were forced to arrest 8,5oo Pass Iaw ofenders. V.hen the.iaits becrnc overcrowded the startled govenrment realized it had to st@ this dangetous state of affairs. Mandela and irineten otnt* wre arrsted and convified when they openly lrdfffrtiig,: being the ofganizrs. Tlr ttn dlagrin of gp fii1w$-r, ever, Mandela and Co" were. givelr,,.suspta&d,oegtruwo.

arcfr-Manriet erpported by Marxists eom Mosconrf. fi.aa, announement fum London in June rggo thi Mrhodisr Church supported appeals by South Afiican churches ftr h national convention in which Btacks ould take paft in&fu, with government on decision-making processes. Th. proposals also demanded that Nclson Mandela and orhAt qofitical prisorrers should be fred ro take paft in Xp q @ Pretoria, however, rcmgirs .uncompromisingr,,sod.:d:6 Minister of Police, Mr louis le Grange, r"l" .Wgu* ,. ,,r,, Mandela will spend ttre rest of,his lif inJsil., Ne,lson,Rolihlala Mandela was born in lJmtata, Trmsksi, on 18 July r9r8, the son of Henry Mandela, a famous Ternbu chid. He is'direcdy related'to Kaiser Maraeima,

he has been held sinceJune 1964, would b"

that to rcleaseMandela fronr Robbcn Inland,

wke rqi* fi;;

..r ir ',1 l,
r,1..

"liq5p :1,I.!$StiS&,3OgS

NELSqAI..i1ilA,SIEBLA

253

i;rt:i,i:iffiten the,.judge fcund"that disciplingafld rron-violence.had 1,,r; r'tfeen:figidly obsomed during the campaign at all tLnsl" ' . ; . Maridela's organizing ability was rccognized by the ANC and: within one yeatr he was elected its TransvaatEestdent. he-toria stopped that by eerving orders banning hirn frim r , ,.pubfiE meetings fol two years; I,fercontinued t6 fight race :* priudice and anil it was clear to most people hg'woul{ ole day lead the ANC nationwide. fn lr9-5e ,, .that he,and l5g were charged wtth treason in a five-yehr ' cam v.hich became known as',the',,.T'reasgn Jrialr.:.All dre wcused were acquitted. In 1960 the br;.d,-In

rjlto. a Lop they F our lquq.-Whn rhey sat me doum on a chair took the bltndfotd. frorn; my: ryeo and tt_r*r"; smtliqg- broadly ia front of rne, qras sriutt afrU:s.**i w:antd man.l Petef, got a splash &onr*page ;t {yoiffii

that

..:.,,,1

. 1

Mandela's ctreel<,in ptsrting to propsgandze hls tauee to ttre,Wtriies hefiv cash reward was secretly of"iJ "f 4Ff,3ga-a all the Black townships for any informati; leadifi;; td,

Pretoria took strong exception,

to

$r# dt

trvlay 196r, just fourteen months after the Sharpeville shootings Nelson Mandela organized a massive ,i"y-"thome protest by Black workers. When the Security pbtice started a manhunt for him he vanished underground. This , ii{t6, .W{d,rhs,becerue knotrrn * tn" ;nf*"E fiir6;1; ;; r';:;iffirisitrglhiwlf vati,ously as a rvindow cleener,, a'mes': seiger and a priest. His dramatic escapades rnade fools of theelic+ and ha particularly capturd public imagination 'hE leerring South i{frica illegatly in eariy, 196z tolmake a

CNC-;

Neleon Mandela was-trapped at a cunningly;rfiff police road Ufgg! g_ltgwict< inNatat. ffi **.alri*ri*"a s, draufieur, and his White .boss'sitring in tlre badof ttle car " ..was,Cecil .\Ilrilliams, a femous sdth pelson-aliry. A keen liberat, Cecil tried to Ufof
pg.Lice

T91,1": 1962,

someone coitected'tdat_-ieill-.-.L

d;it:A[$fifr

knew they hadnirrnade a rnistake.

Aflc;-rlil;i*l ii."i;;ilh"

.six;month tourof fifteen Ar;b i"a Afrda" it"t"*. FIe "Is, v',$ited London, where he had talks with Hugh GaitskCil, then leader of the Labour Party, and Jo Griirond, h"d"; ,of ttre British.rLiberal farq1, Inluly r{Oz h" *ip"d "ggd bver Pittoria;s,fcce by polipingb;Ap""r"ab at altee ffif$rehse of nationaiisi uaeis in eaaii Ababi ethiopi",
widely publicized attack onthepolicyof*p""tt iiJ. :Rgtrgnrgg to South Africa by crossing its bbrder illegailt ,r '.ht',nighr, he m'ade his way to Johannesbwg and *t"}tei ta,unting the police again. Ife was so audacioui that he once dent twg of his Black lieuterrants to fetch a iunior W,hite
a

needed. Tt.v wTe."oj ,Mandeia, a taUani suplrUfy fit exteavyweight boxer and l,ong-distance runnr, &eei no 1sTt"lo.Folding out his wrists for the handculb

u*a"rrrr, :fj:jij^h13f nngerpfints rn his pocket for comparison purposeg

utgcr acruauy naa a copyof

Orru"Atfre-Gil"

illneatghlppen,ewentullf,..r

tomake

I"aT: t"4, three years f,or incitement to strike *a q*o 6; leaving South Africa illegally. While he was serv.ing rhis :entglcel H. ]. van qen nergh fo"mea

1 . .. , In-early Novernber 196z Mandela was

which stirck u,g

ilil; ,,.

:,

senteaced to fivc

raporter tohim.,The reportef was peter llazilhurst,,who sfirsred a dek withrne on $e Johannesburg-S*iE, E.er;; ,,atthe'time.* I will never forgL,t peter,s t"ipy A"J*n"'.1" rtntrned to the offic. . .'lwo.Aficans shoved me in a car, blindfolded me and 'kid me in rhe back covered with a blanket. After a long drive
:' *'Foday
he is a Far Eest correspon

gt"l": Dents coldberg; f-"It$1g rio-b Hepple and Lionel *Goran.Mbeki, Bernstein, were hauled into t# policenet. Two other men
"q.4gt: and Sfolpe were held in Marshall qWi"" cnftal Johennesburg but escaped from thke and Aed,tl*t country disguised &s nun$.
were **it"a, and Harold Volpe, a left-wing

" at Lilliesleaf farm secret headquarters neal lo^$ryresburg. The raid took place d*ricg ll_Rivonia: F_",:";o"d,-yTk olJ"lv 1963, and several topilNc md{
ji

FJg*g**].outfir, by rarcling its

t:j

ul"*

ht ;G;ffit";

dil;il;

ertii* 6"i;;;td; 6""6. b"f&Jd

p.iU";;il;i,

dqt fot The Tires.

Nelson +4andela was not so lu{ry. D-uring tlre.,ssid oill

::,f.iif

:'

.:
..

A$.'

fU*f.,f$;; g.o$gr:,1,rr,'.,'"

,
masr's rules and teri's pa.ssd bi,a no.Black man had a say.

NELSON MANDELA

255

Ultieslcef Farn, some 25o doumfnts sere found which ffiffiil--*i h'tf;.d;il;of theANc's militant wing'Sfrt:"f tn" Nutioo'. This group had'planted.doz.ens of .tfrinUs at'gpvf,tlment instaua;ds$9'end ofrces througltout taken to ffiih Af.io, although er,treme care had been Ifrandda:unas & co-accu$d in the casg ir ***ii*u Ue"' -;hi.h b*rn" world-fasrou$,d$ the 'Rivosia trial' a$d ;p"md o,n zo October 1964 $tith Communist P4rty leadr wlre4 ffi* fit"n* leading tiie.aefenpe. I'was'preserrt il,i""d.t" *"a" ni* fairous speech lasting over fout hotri'o, a lone-plsiling ;ffi-ft'om which later:-appeared -!o strengly dryS Hc aad Driain. Amtirica in ffi;;d sold clai{n qnd:porred-scorn State's on the Communist G"g " ANC was underthe influence of Communists''Ile dratfu did not deny plalrning sabotage. , :f aiA ttoip'i* it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I Uo6tny love of violince" I planned it as a result of a calm *"4 tofSo ulsessment of the political situatioa that had

Vtite

ped

l in wbiCh

'What soft o{ tustic; is thls,' he aeked, ,that enables the to sit in judgement over those against *lr*it.V ,iqq":":$ have laid a charge?' . It was a good poin1. Ahhorrgh the South African iudiciary is maiqlya l%a[yunbiased bodyofmen, with the exceod# of,.several .openly pro-governmsnt rud*, *a *"gi;rr;6; it has little option in sabotage car"sruih m*Jtaie;tffi., ", with \Veid !f June 1964, Mandela was convicted along sisulu, Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Elias Motsoaledi, 9oJ* A-gdrew Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada ani Denis Goldberc. All were sentenced to life imprisonment. g.i"E VrhTtS, golgPos was sent to pretoria l"lil iv.G"" M*d.6*j-hi:; six Black friends were sent to Robben Island.

sbert after m4ny ycars of tyranny, exploitation

ANC since it ias,frot fornfed rn rg-ra;$9{qg weighl to G atg,rne"t,lVlandela thea quodthe-Nobel Peace Prizeof ttre ANC, Chidluthuli: 'tfunins President that thirty yqa{s of my'life have been derrv wilt . 'i!?t6 Xao.Ling ilvain, patientln moderately and modestly, up"trt "*i" crc.a atJa u"ttua ioor? Vhat have been the ftuits of stodration? The past thirty years-have seen the Sreatest armrber of laws Gtricting our rights and progressn until
today we have reached a stagp where we have almost no rights at all.'

and Whites.' the people by my of oppreseion --inandeL said-the South African governmelrt had reftrsed to listen to the peaceful and constinrtional activities of *re

IfnUir heart, Nelson Mandelaknew that whatever he said *oda make liale difference to tlre verdict of the court, He
hsd alreadv stated this earter by challenging the rigfrt of the *unro trJar ttis case. Hig basiq attitude was thst he, a Black man, could not expect to get iustice fmm a Vhite man'g

ffi;,-;"rd*a .?-trnidm&r,

who applied tbe vhite

drity i" thr",;rirrg, ;yI** ;d; first mkirqg ne, f 6ave VofanUi erook the or f6"y a14strcn sbe needod the Mty hp^ .*A artlOe "ry day :grblisled a nine,inedoep tLAfneA apoull To
lbmeltb poor serse of

newspaper I spf of my leter abqn tlie fl|-givta.t-f aa.q lnd # *"n"gb-dgblecfiock by asking mc if I [d. ;rrritred ft. A.hq*ryh- r- * p*.,,"'-u"a .by Enodr

:' j
,

In fairness to Enoch pMl f must stness thtr I gave no indicenfon whsoeeer rrrot he was being used him as a

fff1'T back _pe^ {ee m S*"q Africa; O,rt O"t""mUy il;b. S{F uryeqsneverhappened-

.__BOSS.licked ,E

ASk: Expel these Colou,cd-i[en,.*

lipsio

anricipafion at tbe thoucfrr of members when they-were -4ry9.

a bot by BOSS was rhe fffi- c@srvadve-di i1,,1. llq Ilarold -qS" formr chairman of^tlrc.ighr_wi"g ,,

.Affiet Brid* Mp whwas

ueed as

i.

.
,,,

i.:

l::;.

Mord;y ffi*tnd (_Ffi'6 Africa Cmmimee. Mr Sore4,"no*."-&,-'G-, of nsh from Enoch p#|l.-il6s3ril"J gryk3.r. ho ras a .good &iend of tbe Sorilh eticm g ,. Pr9af of this to_a great '.Er

of Cqnnunis .6*.;a , oblects.Altho*gbMr$ocef'sboohw$"q"drirrrG;; ,. ,,,,*9pyd.S..t1e pdicy of apartreid,es sr.rch, ir wis-;

mrmrsts and werc the vhidca

.*o1E$gg.egqo:ff{ ry"M6,p"ul*l"o ttfrTadem Bootsc ir Mt;96;.-'i[" u*t gave i*.der*h -*fo eails abo't organizatioos p.oer" h"g;;"l#nt the policy of apartheid *fo ti* Vrbtr"-ffi;; SppT{ Rhodesia end Forrugal,iAfrican e"imi*. hdatffi d tlrc:e brca+tio", r,"a t';.ilffi$'ttr
:31Tf

i",6".G;1fr'ffi.tr

i!r;r. . '*&Idyrgao.

eg:

officials_in defartnrems trmmgr1 In additirn irrt"ttig.r.e

A;ruo;;

soil;,

"tt

"p.*d;;";;;i.i;;;

Soref o" ."uoJ ia rg7r, when BOS S told ne tbft r}re "l{ay British :Anti-Apartheid Movement was secretly ptanniqg to bnng out a special .education kit' for distribution to children in British schools. The kit included fact oaoens strongly anacking the policy of apartheid. BOSS dld-rxli gtl|r^Sor{*_ ugtt"* against-rb kit, and I aia esee1$.r: P tbat. Mr Sord told me he waf so shocked at the idbs # ftitish schoolchitdren being propagandizad inthie way thgt he would ptae the -att"t-uiroti ilrs u**r"t Tdchbr: then the Secrctary of State for Education-and Science..i was the first journalist in Britain to write abour the edue tiq and my story'was publisbd prominently in S;uh {ro:Africa-* Fifteen months later, in August tg7z, wben the AndApanheid Movement had issuJd its Jduiation Ut, Harota Soref mounted a speial press conftrence in the House of pauick Vall, thr iOry, !11a1ons,_gt which h and.Ulajor MP for_ Haltenqlrice, strongly anacked the'kit. .l_-hi wide publicity in Britain, particutady in tb {*gagq Daily TelAraph and the Daily Mail. Mr Soref was friendly witl fUr Jobn Bigp-Davison, tbe T"-"y 4l for Chigrvefl, and in May r97r, ilhen the British Labour Party decided to collect -6""i'fo, Black .terrorist' rnovements in Southern Africa, BOSS told me to use bot! men to criticize tbe move. I fi;phr""d-1il-s-or;;d'ffi Biggs-Davison, o.d rhey *o";fitr*=hdpr;; ci;;; gtgv attact<$g the r ahour party. To give-a;imdession of balance to the sto4r, I also telephoned Labour,s Shadow {oreign Secretary, Mr Denis Healen at his Sussor horne. His reaction was quite diferent wnen I told him f reore sented a liberal newspaper in South Africa. He said.oiil", "South African newspapers? I do not want to "."--"fo *.Jotraoneeburg_f@q ryo, I9 Uay rgfr5 hr-,ilinql,l.*n8,, ^ Apartheid Kit for UK Schools Slated'., used
guccessful was

South Africa vere girrcn cqpieC rnd J was hqn6fud mine soon after tbe book was released on the British market..

Mr

"."r"r""r,6i6;;

33rl

. rwsrb8 aoss
BOSS INTRIGUBS. 333

; phone"*

on the decbion to aidrthe E&ck liberation movsnents if I Ls iq what you're after.' He then slamnred down the
'

I don't know if Mr Heatey had any personal knowledse of me, but untike mr sorei'and''M" bffi:6-aiis|ri'il;i Slm only seconds to realize that I wis- a South African
propagandist.

petty-minded behaviour;

the demos out" Stoming pver to thesounter he asked them to leave, and when they qoved t4e cune.aw:r Aom retunded-their 1e'1 F money' As the demos shuffibd out ortne lazaar, r toie I w.oda.w1t9 1 sjory giving Hanod s;";f

poi"t"dtoiffiiJffiddiiiffii
aia woUa th"y

iffi"il -";Jin[e;:ffi tffi

:

'

"

:govefiuneRt

friendly with me, and I still have letters from him which ash me to mount pro-Soudr-African or pro-Rhodesian Ietters in thersouth African press. fn one o?these lefters, dated Mvenib?.tg76,Mr S&ef asked ne if the;"*6;p* ! was then working on would be interested in buying iaper flom his firy in London. The newspaper he wiJhed to supply was Tln Citizen, which was widely suspected wen tfien as a propaganda front set up by the South African
:

, Il_dy fronaSanda stories for South Africa were appreciated by Harold Soref to suctr an emenr that he t.ii"e nery

On one.occasion while still in London I actually carried out a 'spy assignment' for Harold Soref. In May rqzr he invited me to anend abazaar in aid of the Pugtl-Zirultaai Sociery at the Chenil GaUery i" fi"g" n"aa,-itrJfr"a, e* Mr Soref addressed the audience a group of Black dernonphotograph of him. Taking photographs of politicallrolesters can be very tricky, particularly when *rey do-not know you, so I approachEd the leader of the demoand told for the Black maguine Ltm t ryr a iournalist who worked Dtffit. To prove that I was ,on their side, I invitjd the demonsuatgrs to join me for a cup of tea inside the bazaat:. :fheit leadeiwas hesitant, but I reassured him that Harold Soref would Lot dare to criticizdme as I was a journalist. The leader of the demos laughed and we all went,in for tea" l\c ttreyyeqstandin_g at ttie counter drinking it I d6;;; overto'Harold Soref and suggested ttrat he Jhoula tiiow * .Toribe _ ]ohannesburg Sunday Bxpress, z3 May rgTtrheadltned ,i,i
S&tm

photogryphs later.

ili;.TJ."ffih"f, i j:f i'*:,mt%l#H iffi Contade, which later investigatio" ,rro*Jial ,i," ,.;;; of the Tanzanian Students'-Asr".i"ti"r. r,,,. i"nu*i"d-frifr gaveHarold_Soref.[rh;;;oJ*raddffi; I -.i *"-Pff' of the demonstrators and said r wurJl*i-;ffiffffi
Mr
Soref was ou.riov"alby nry

,', pholog?phs of thern to ru"ut .'. leader fell for it and happity a1l his men. TIev atso give hi tfreir naries and addreeseo. The leader of the dernos *", fvf"lvf*"Jirri the Social and Co-ordinatinq Secretary;f Haii, who was .. .h" Tanzatihh, r. l

*i"tif i;d* ut";;';i#iih;*dffi, G; t" oi"ir"r"i""ffi

trickery,, ,, r

,,i

Strators pfotesid outsiden end Mr Soir:f asked me to find olt \rrho was leading the demonsuation and secretly get a

M"*G;;;dlfi; portigal retugee from south Africa rtt"iiltrti-iiri"**-' lanced for various
position in tfrJCbmmission for n".f"f gq,i"liru 3 senior London.-U-sing Lionel as an innocenr ;i;A
newspaper!, in nreet

":t ryTt orHarold Soref as frontsfor tuis *iorv someone else. The man was l.ion6t

fT*:lj : g1T1"? !gss:did

$ntlsh newspapers in early June when U" ;yygtr**,, fofr" ffiptin Jl the 'Humanities project'g"ve me material ror a .racEkii'.o GrorJio "ar*"" "!** that he rrrrs $ti$ The kit included posters, O[otoqaphs, *pe ;;;ej;;; ;il controversial nature such as Enoch i'owelllririo."* oi6i*,a; ufloj:e.g.e.hof a vhite ilb

$lffiL3,T"t"Jf##ii-=::::.

q t.'1

"f ":
,,:

iliilil;"#::

il;ffi;"\ffi; ', ,'.,i,'{ il;il;;;:iFffi, aJ;&6#;liffi

,.ii ; ''t";i
..i*
,;

dueet.?d;;ilffi ffi 6 *i"L"""p&fr

I=*'* i"
,,

Tenor

Decision'.

i:

.l

story to him as an elclusive, and he p*r"a it oi-iJ. Smdey whictr u"r"i"*o ,tory o" .\twaOh, subject.* over the nerrt six months regur"" in,oftT new.spapers, and rhe puu;ect- uecame-ru.-"i'Iffi, * 27lrtnetgTr.

ri"

,,,,

"

, ;,

r,i$g4''i!N6lES! 3o

SSr' I ;"'

"

Bo$$ : U{qst$,ry3g,

.;"

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,'lsdiviri6iidti'{rte tfuit in lugdy 19913 rhe :sdtmts:Codndt --,'arytsricdit had decidcd itrc'tl lppro\rg ciregtatbnof the ,*oe"kit in British sclrook.',Bo$S was ddighted with that

,ttoldt
'!t'ltt ):

van do Brgh instnrcted me to help in pttoddfu ttrl top-sccrtt sfllth African propaganda-front iho"rChd of Ten', whidr wu Wt up in Britain_ with Mr ,Gerald Sparrow at iB hbld" Mr Sparmxr' 4* gsd sergrv-five. was born in'Burtm, Derbyshire, ducaced at

&i''rEza H.

f.

rpident

loitott and great iudges. Thenhis writins calibre weakened Itvhetl he rutneA his hand to vniting sponsor-ed books on proftissbnal iournalis* ''totrisrr. I sary "weakened' because the men who crite and oftooa ,&nd tfud ftis to Aistmst ' thern, as thery usually give only a glowing sccount oJ the co"qtry in qriestiur. There is a good reason for this; Many eollctti.s adte to eubsidize the printing oosts with a hefiy ildonbti6n, Jo ttre autlror is hardly in a position to criticize '"&e conditions in tlre country he is writing about. ',; "; Tlrat is how Judge Gerald Sparrow fell into welooming ' lrnis'wt-len he visited South Africa in February rgze,'-Ile '-qst Dr bechel Rhoodie, who was then the assistant editor of',.fo Tlze Point, an English-language magazine secqetly
"

d"tt*t and C,ambridge University, where he wre of ttre Studentc't}riur. Tskisgup laqhepracl""O at the Bar in lVtmctrestet for five years before being appointcd legd adviser.to tre Minieter of Justice in Bangko-k, fdaiUna. Cjh C OqpmUer t94r he wqs arrested {-ttt: Imaodee qthib presiding'ofer a cassin'the Bangftsk High i}wrt urd sperit then& for:r years in a fap-ane.ie Pow ,ctmp barety:6t" t* 6f six teanis colrf,ts yet housing 4oo' ..q**it his riease in September 1945 he again took up law frr ciptn vears md ttren returned to Britain, ostensibly to retirel*ttitrugtr after three weeks he was utterly bored sod wridng a book entitled Ttu @et Swhdlerc. "t"nA Gerald Spa}ow is a fascirrating rn4 w$o krowr mudr about *nany- veded st$iectsr ard hb trriting career procnercd when he wrote a seriee of books on gr'eat spies' great
Sherborne

tbe hand aod;,hd'him to Dr Connie Muldq, thn tt; Minister of Infonnation. Vhen Mr Sparrow oih he *o " former Judge of the International Court anA intmiiEd writing a tourist guide to South Africa, Dr Muldr sai6,&e, . South African gwernment would buy the first 75o aopfi* of the book lf lt was'wriaen ib an 'unbiased fashionl..,,'il,:;:..', M" ol&, the bench in Bangkok's High C.ourt, but when he wrptcl,,: about South Africa it rpas a differnt inatter. On page r4 '" of his b&. Intitatdon m South Affrs he stated: tThii:,word apanheid is trrich used.in the western prss to-dp."' scribe the separation of the races in Sourh Africa. :fhe ii visitor may not erren notie it.' No wonder then that"when Dr Eschel Rhoodie mnoeivd the Club of Ten scheme to place costly advertisenrcrur in various prestige neurupaper oveffieas, in order o de&tid, South Africa's aparttreid policies, he.chose Gereld Sparrov as his ftont man. As Dr Rhoodie put it, 'The Club will rout the Reds and Imbast thoce lou#mouth librds orrrseas who claim South'Africa's a potice sare.' Dr Rhogdie?6 craffy Club of Ten idea was one of.the reaems leading to his appointrrent as Secretary of the Information Defiftr mert in Septernber rg7z. Bltt he had talent also. He was a vibrarrtryorkaholic, brim4ing over with brilliant propagag& schemes, and; best of all, he knqw ryhat iotunalisin,war a[ about. To have Gerald Sparrow as a pspectable fr,mt r seemdd a mawellous idea. IIe was an educaed Englishman of impeccable background, a former iudge and a sucressfril author. Even better, he was married to a nnon-SThibt woman from Thailand:-Her name was Chaluey, meaning 'Small White Lotus Flower', which caused her to be nicluramed Lily. Dr Rhmdie reasoned that a dackcomplexioned wife migbt help to stop the leftists aqd. liberals overseas orygesring that Gerald Sparrow watr a propagenda front for apartheidAnd so the Club of Tm was set up in London, uftcne it

tnt up and fffand by $e Soffih Afticanrrguyermcnt sqa propaganda vehicle. Dr Rhoodie,trirok Gdrald Sparrcn bV

sp"*;;***t;';b"brt,-#il;ilil;

336

. INSTDa.BOss

BOS$,'fNtnleUES. 337

firqt operatedthrough an aesomnodation address. Keeping ldb identity secret at the start, Mr Sparrow placed his firet gdver.tisement in ttre British' T,i,nos o:r z8 July 1973. It cost him.{r;4oo for a half page. The advert caused a sensation ,md a lort of suspicion. It was headed 'Does Britain Have A Conbcience?' and was basically an attack against Mr
exposed'starvation wages paid to Black workers employed 'l by tsritistr firms in South Africa Sparrow in Gerald first interview the iournalist"to _lwas conhection with his Club of Ten, It was on 6 August 1973 at Loidon's National tiberal Club, where we had tea and a long chat. At that time I doubt if he knew I was a BOSS agent slipped in to doublg-check his loyalty and also to help to plblicize his pmppganda front; But I have ahvays vtmde!d rsho assured him l could be truoted. Someone qrm have done so, because Mr Sparrow definitely did not give:intervigws to any jouqnalists from any cauntry at that time, and it would have been,lunacy for him to trust me unrecommended, as he knew quite well I had been deported f,rom South Africa. Apart from that he also knew that I was avery odd character; proofofthis colnes in an autographed copy of, one of his books which he gave rne in the privacy of his Brightop home six months after our first meeting. was Gang Warfare, and on page r 'Thstitle of the book (To Gordon Silinter, The Expert . . .' r8trr Sparrow wrote Irrealized it,was a gentle dig but didn't mind. I knew the ioke would be appreciated by my friends in the British underworld, as, when I showed them the book' they could bee from the front cover that the author was, after dl, a

Adffii Raphael, a ioumalist on the Guordian who had

q &e world ts have intertCewed l.Ir i, and added (AIt other newspapers, including ttri Sreet ones, have to obtain Trr"i, i"nn i"J"rirr#l"aJ Gerald Sparros.'* ft was o"fy-"oria"ited but rastr: When the bubble bursr rarer "ot ii;- S;;th government was revealed as X,, South af"ic",s fileG i,Ivlr press

;;;t"rtril"*-g$i

*3".y$.".Tcked'through , \[hen the Club offen was finst formed, pretoria *uard, well. q"9" Huge amounts of i" -un"V'*"re paid into s,,l, special account at Couns Bank infark d;;fi;yfbil;d VJok Delpon, who worked;A; b-hi"ilifrrmation at the South African. Ernbassy i" i;;fhlg., Offfcer $il; 9"r4dSparrow used this *on"yio p-ru"" *hojop#6_ South'Africa advertisemT.Jr.l" ld6il* in America, Agstralia
avta and Canada and

;rifil could have made me whipping Uoy -'B;;;;ilff'#, nH "u*L"i;;;:F

;e

$f

T" exceeded
Wl"r .*

Vest Germang Holtand, N.irZ""fa"C, Scandin_ in vario* ;ou;;[ f,i',rrc Continent., qy.knowledge rh" ,*;;t ,p"il "*o"rawide easilyr,
dSOorooo.

A* requested by BOSS, I bombarded the South African pubtic with regular and glowing accouqts of the Club of Ten, Knowing the truth, I was able to explain to readers tlrat the Club was run by a mysterious 'Mr X' whose identity, was known only to Mr Sparrow and myse$ My arrogance and conceit were such that in the fifthr maior story to South Africa.I stated that.I $ns the only reporter

iudge!

he should do. pretoria wasted the names of four millionaires "o uULg"A to be the financial backers of the crub. rrr"ia* #* t-i.itiliiafr,,,,1,, simply individuals who wisheilr.pu, S"urh' ati.u'J pOili" * Johannesburg Swaay

,n*ia" and professed to know hothing but Gerald, Sparrow, who was oroud or ueini * gigrilil"r,, lisi.ft: "Uo,f?; cool when a Fleet Street journaliit ,iu"t"? ili".ing that he was a traitor to his country and a secret ioiE" p"vcii a foreign power. He musi have rearizea"rrte "g."t uig heat was coming w-hea l-abour Mp LoG-H;kfiJo'.uur"d'i,. guqtion about the crub of Ten in ttre rrous" of commons rgl4..He wanted .o L"o*-*ir"il"r rn" --iti"-u{ aJT" were acuvlues known to the Forcign Office and, if so, were they undesirable or sinister? l,It" Sp;;;;;-;;id& ;; rushed to the South African Ernd;t;;i<ing trrem.whar

press stafted investigating the Cltrb 1he !r{i$ of 'l'en the South African governmenr,fr*?g"Ai,

ti*ii"l"ttirg;i"l #;; *hb;iht

f.u*.o ,iZ.

Express,,z

$S'

INSTDB'Bos{ Senrth,rtfrisri golernsr***

all_people,

$O!8

llilf*tiluFs r iag
'

tt e worsma tag amoutety no conaectim :', r' wi& tbe South Africso goy@nen& tg pparently *ho llr Sparmq go sati$ed l.ooo Tlib I.gl&r;'ttreo 'the Labour $IP nesponsible f,or African @irsr and gave her the ftmr names to prcve he was not a r*rret propaganda ageot *o$ng for the'Sotlt$ A&ican lgbvernmene To make it look good, the head of BOSS' gnirat H. J. van den Bergh' got an old friend of his to fly to Lsndon and call a presd conference where heannounced ,bc was one of the founder mcrrbers of the Club of Tec- The trun was Mr I-ampie Nichas, a muhi-millionaire farmer of G* extraction who ovrns nine gmups of farns totalling some'i3o,ooo hectares and ig known in South A&ica as the 'Potsto King'. At bis prees wferene in l-ondil'n in Augtlst 1974 Mr Nidhd:was phcograBhed barding Mr Spmow a cheque :tif ,{3qooo to be used in mounting a quartedy iournal for the Ctub of Tenentitled flra Plnqltix. This would continue to put South Africa's point of view over in Britain and wo,rla be sent free to all Members of Parliament and the ditirrs of maior nMlspapers in Britain: But l-ampie 'Nichas vras inadequate as a front, and the prossure oi Crral4 Spa^rrow becme so intense *rat he fidally onfessed to tunaing the Club of Teq for the South African lafofina,&ln D@artrrent And that was when BOSS let me otrthe ''leash to giVe Mr Sparrow a mauling. l.frre order came frqn H. J. van den Bergb, who introdued me to l-ampie Nidras. I sFnt a full day interviewing Mt Nichas. It was the first io-depth interview he had giveo to any iournalist, and during it he gave me a pack of lies to write in a ryassive attack on Mr Sparrow.* The story .,plrcred sixty-six inches over a pageeand when it was pubrtshcd geraU Sparrow did not look for revenge. Speaking

*f*iu*;t**io

had not wanted to take his inedicine. As zuctr he wes traitor to the cause. Ilow wrong I was. But I aia etand then that Gerard spa*ow had an "otr &J. motrGffi,.,. r."ason-+n qaposing the.south African govelnment" n,ffi"', the golden baoqm oolour of his wife's rltn. nn n :her with hirn on his ,lasr trip to South Afrtca, kind

on her'husband until oventually tre aacrteA- ,, It may.seem misguide4 Uut i feel I owe Gerald Sparow and his wife'an apol,ogy ofsorts. I give ig to tnem in tde dr ofa short story and I hope they appreciate

ii&sesri6n-# ,,,i.:; a ; i ** ififfi,; I{,tffi }'l graciously awarded her tlloaorary \[&ir.l;;"-ri'H,''..t;, could share abed with hs $ilhite hirsband in a wnite toril" ),, Chaluey Sparron' loathed that
'

feel bad about I saw Geratd Sparmw m yh9 had enioyedtre salad days butwt."

I didn't

gctibs whieh youi:sf f+d*rry lurow o be grossly .:i,i i:,,, utrrre.r' -.

,lI

it

amaa

1,,

,1r.,i;.

.,,,:ii

ofhypocrisy*d-;;ff

it.

!..neranccry:iist?nofln#Ni,y

crne when sburh Africa's qow ootorio's, rqforilaffi Scandal.started loiti"e over and rn" gnnffi*Iiffi a special Commission of Inquiry. It-was called th; Ka@; Commission and the man who-headed it *o totuny-.-l_ 9g:1,r1 the South ffiiTl pubtic * it" p"or. ifrov
B9uuclr observers suspected thal the purpose ofthe Kesrp
space to

The most scaqdalgus qpEqt of the whole Club of

:,'.,,',';'-

Teo;h

'

',b

'

I carrbnl: say tr am deeply disappointed that you are now pubtrishlng lies about me *hich have been fed to you by the
* Tlu Cldzar'zs
June rgZS.

meF)1 telephone, he said

'In

view of our past relationship

.,;: Kenrp Comr.nission was headed-by.v "otoia&i*A aiii-;; handler Jack 'Koos' Kemp, thp-heaa .f S;;.h;J*J,s .: ultra-secret Counter-Inte[igence U*t Uasea-- -gits; ,.1 headqtrarters in pretoda-sv& ;;rse;licrl?iirir,iaffi |,1, . ., ,., selected to head his ,Comnrission of inqrriry by egfle*N H.J. van den Bergh, in collusion *irn b}-ff*rJt . ,, and Dr Connie Mulder, the Minister of fnformation-ffi

Comrnission was trnnfold: 1o give giudnq""ot b"e"flrffi ,..,. ere.t fts ddeoe and to queU the rnountine ad ...l : glthe oqlosition press. rlfhat they iiA *"o* warTt il?t

ffiffifi

,.1

3{p'

IN$'IP8

FO$Sr:'r'.':

BoSS.,INTRTGITES

. 34t

it was,B0 S S beieg fusmrcted to,investigatc'illegpl' :: sctivitis committed by BOSS. We like brothers, I were Kenry,grrd time !he, Jack ,At had wsrked on secret assigrunena tqgether for fouteen ,lrydts. I admired him and he trusted me implicitly._ No .cfgnder then that on rr Septernber, 1978, he telephoned me aqd aeked,me to leak the fast thatfive millionaires would be hav.ing dinner in a private loom at Johannesburg's luxury ifollsrEn Towers Hotel that night. The,idea was that I
nu,tehetl

,elould arange for iournalists from the hated English' language liberal press to rush into'the prirrate room and .qstch thefive men having dinnerwith Mr Don Boddie' who had strccqeded Gerald Sparrow as leader of, the Club of Ten in Britain. Mr Boddie ib a former editor of the London Boenfug ,News, erd as far as I know was not aware of Kqr1p! pht. Confronted by the,liberatr' iournalilts thg would then,'have confessed to being the real 'miltrknaires baekers behind the Club of Teni and this, Jack Kemp
foct that .the, Club of Ten \ilas a govefiunent enrerprise rr illegally financed by ta:<payers' money. At Jack Kemp's suggestion I leaked the news'to alr ;innocent iournaliston the Jstramesburg Smr that Mr Don Boddie wes se6{etly in South Africa and later that evening w.{rulit be having a top-level pow-wow dinner with his equally secret rnillionaire financers in the private Van Rie' bgeck Room at the Tollman Towers Hotel. The ,Srar wasted :no time' quickly interviewed Mr Boddie and next morning rur a story about his visit to South Africa.* But'something went wrong with the late-night confrontation planned by the Srar at Mr Boddie's.dinner, and its reporters failed to turn up at the time aranged. i, The netft day Jack Kernp telephoned rne to complain bitterty that I had not done my disinformation iob properly. He added ttrat Generd van den Bergh had been worried ,,when my part of thd plan had not been carried out. I grplaining that I had done my best 'Tpologized,profusely, * rz September 1928.
hoped, would convincingly swerve attention away from the

i* ffilii6fi;iiicilff; five millionaires had agreed ro .**ii5-fremselves as.,thsr secret backers of the Clu! of Ten. eJ ii rr"pp""s, ih; A;t. intrigue_faited in the end andttreilir . irifrffil. Ten and other secret fron$r d;l"dtd';;il6; "ff;-lir" il;;d, by government of the newsp aper The.1iizen
My disclosure abolt lack Kemp is a pertct oramplE l of how B o S S and the soritu arrGJg"riiii"* emptoy any lactic, even a fake Commission of i"qui-rv to deceive the South-African public and.the world. ' " British context Jack fempt call to me was like an ^_tn_th9 o.!{ Ballev judge telephoning *it{;..o p;"r"rt the coune
,rit " these facts,

md,asked if he;rpanted_me to rnove in on tfre.stbioct by oryieF a story ;hi, ,ro, necessaly 1rysetj. Kesrp y T9h l.story had already b""r, ln Thc Citiznthe next a"y a" anicre "o*l"J.nnd so ir had.

fu

;;di;;";;;ff;il, lregidpg lohn Vorster, g*".*t ff. lli" O* tsergh,-pj, Eschel Rhoodie and Di Connie Muii;"-*'

gver.{zo rnillion, caused tte iownaff

ro the tune,of,

of iustice in a trial b"er

am not going to comment.,

elnl$q_wnr he had o*ilnuO ;;-A*; i"rri*-rrJ# gfeO.l.'l I cannot colRment, I am not entitlerdtorr $ lmg-nr "*."ftqq of, lt might not have hap,pened, but I,am:afr.*idid.l

putable sources in both.Lo"Ao" una "uifrintid;;-bti* JoliaruiesUurs. I knew the South African g**-""iwlufat lito a.nv my disclosure of rhe Kemp dommission iakery,imd,that is ylv, 9qrlg a secret mo--day *."ti"ji"i"r*a i",ieao, I.han4ed the Jack Kemp pes to the Jne man r trust above all others in Sbuth arrica.H" i, M;-Ad;;sp".,iiJ, ilri award-winning editor in chief of South Africa,s &rU";; liberal nerilspaper the Rmd Oa;ty Uit.-"' with the tapes, Allistds;"rk; returned to South ^ "4*"9 Arrrca ald mormted a-lengrhy investigation. Four months later the Rand.Daily Ucil Jplashea ifri'"t"ry uors ite front page-(zz October r ggo). , When the Rand Daily Mail asked General Kemp td

|*d.dpll to me in tulI and his

voice has teer,

3s

!9;;; I taped Uotfr fris telepiioni;il6

i"t

;;;ilng: ;i';l;

;"

''tW:' '${sll}$'8O$$,
,,

,808.S

,tNfrif,buds , 343

qrs trfst used by ',.!!ai &kcf.ommission of laqniry tritk *rer$mh A&icao govcomsut",as.:farbac* as 1964, wtren @lic,indignaion was mqrrdng about tlre secret activities

of,the notorious and sioistr Afrikaans Broedcrbond @ond of Bmthers). :On 9 fune rg6+ the South African Premier Dr Hendrik .:V,fqroerd announced in prfrmrent that a one-man C.onr:ruiSqim,of hquiry, underAppeal ludee D. H. Botha, would ibvestigate the Bond and sinrilar'secnst organizations'. t' Thg Bond willingly agreed to gilre evidence to tlre

'hquiry which was held in carnera -"and it canre out of .the w6ole thing unscatlred" What the South African public did not know about the inWiry ws that:Dr Verwoef,d, the qran who set it up, was ltimself'a seoet and top Broedesbond

member. 1 Eren mote disgracefir,l, the

t*o

key men wlro hdped the

Bond. TheD' wer,e Mr J. n J..Coetzer, who led all the tcvidenebefore the Cfirrrission of Inquiry, and Mr C, M; rrm Niekerk, who acted as the secretary for the inquiry. Both men held senior poeitims in the South African De patnnnt of lustice.

,*

Hmmrable lq@eiBotha with the day+oday running of &e inquiry wdte also secret aod high-ranking lrnernbers of

,sooderbond or not, but rire above facm prcve quite cleady fiqpthe Commission of Inquiry was, at all times- well and tnily nobbled. Nb wonder the Broederbond was eronerated.

do nst know whettrer lrrdge Bottra was

mernber of the

of trnquiry, illustrate much Pretoria worries about what appears in newspape$ and the extiaordinary amount of dme, effqrt and 'morey they spend on ttre subiect. Apart from the fact that Pretor,ia uses press clipping agencies to rnonitor newspapers' particularly in Britain aad America' they also have several ' ffiall British nNpspapers on :what'is known as the 'hate ligt'. I was told to keep a special ey on som- Amongst

The stories I have.telated about Enoch Powell, Harold Eore8 Judgs Crald Sparroq his Club of Ten, and the

I(op and Erocderbond Commissions

bm

BOSS men ar &e Soutn efri-cari;?6.# in London read errery word of it. fhi" ils the Hofiostact qtd_Htg-hgatz Express;known as the .Ilarn ana High'rkrich crfllars in an arca wherc,ruany top tsritish li6enits;rd#., South African exilc, reside. When lfrst arrived in London, pretoria thought it iiM . be a good idea for,me roger a iob on tlr"t for an interview with ur eir*a l**ian """"oi"*"i';A il;;;-r;q, dqly editor y'as of trre i i",#'7 Pg * aopp:d. badtyiang Mr Isaaman insrlncrively ""r*p"p"". knew thde wae something odd about me. He did not sayanything, but I gonld_tell from his ryes. A few weeks lad p"i";""tlrfa *" that after I had sen Mr Isaaman he had spoken to Gerhard Cohn, who ran a carnef,a shop named :pfritocran; h Iilh Stret, near the Hmr and High ome t *as iofa tfr"iwfod Mr Isaaman had mentioned-my name Mr Cd-;;J dF 9"lbed me s 'a suspicious characrer'. Gffh;d-Shn lr"d lett Sorrth Africa in the mid-r96os, and his wife Gertrude was banned under the Supprlssfuin of go;udsir:,;; - ----- - ,-when she lived in Johannes6urg As a matter of routine BOSS monitors att Lertss to dre Editor columns in British ft.v n; any letrer which mentions ry*-p6; "*f**nt Soutn Afica or is uritten Uimy South African listed on their pofitical AU it-iJi.ruftl, surprisiog how much *rey can itean nom suO t"ttil.; *org|er one tiny mendon in a-small tristr paper wfrl,*r i would have oyedooked, as there seerned fo -Ue nOthinc political in it at all. But one of the eagte_eyea a*t **T pretorie spott& firat a glack POS q headquarters in ;;i; from South Africa had settled ina smatt vitid";;-C*i and that"she was .very impressed' by the tdl;hrot-.,*; ------;: children attended. The rnatter was followed yp gI a South African egcrrt then based in Dublin, and hl disovered that 11ri:i,S6&

werc tIrc C*fuIh Eerat{ tfu Kansirgto; hst, }ry Tribnu aad,the Harcl Hanps*derrd. These iOlmafstn# I special dislike of,aparttnit ,eg"iarf,nbfid.d. "nd*,fii G"fiffi&anicles-giving it a hiding. Bur one take pfide that

r'",ir:5 l:r -..tlt,:;, '..r'

':ii!

rir:j

I.l

:"..1

'_:l

BISS

EO$s lNrRr.GuBs

34S

' ulpuran ,was

with,.s;:.l mhlte ' political eile frotl discwqd that tlhe White rnbn was i*tffi i"6;to a cover addrese in Cape Town. His letters ,srere intercepted when they reaehed Cape Town' an

liring

Iohanneeburs. Pretoria

ously

spies. plaqred,at: v.arious_rmiversities in the.UK, Student, spres do nor have to be $outh Africans, thlugh stime;b"ii

a[eeed Comm.unist cell was'srnashed as a result" and several mri w"nt to iail. From small aoorns big oak trees grow. 1',BOSS is so cunning thst it even monitors lelters in overceas flewspapers which prabe South Africa. This may sound sillv,. but, as H. J. van den Bergh said, 'Weld be stuoid if we didn't.' Vhat he was looking for were people whir misht be of some use to $outh African intelligence. If

the pro-South-Africa letter writers worked in a gwernrneni d"p"tttn*t in Britain they rnight be put lo g99d use., I p-ersonally vetted some of these.pro*Soutlr-Africa
' types.' ''Another

in Charlotte Londoi's in office Anti-Apartheid The Britain. Street has long been a prime Frget for BO S S 'infiltration and at ocre stage this was relatively easly, as the movement ' ,regilarlytook'on vohlntary wofkers. At lgast six younpters *';; se;t to infiltrate the AAM during the tirne I spied in Lsndon. But they were quickly'gP9qed as spies.. A r-egular laalent of my BOSS handler, Alf Bouwer, was 'They've
also as a fund-raising vehicle for other Communist fronts

newsl4per .which io top:priority on Pretoria's hste list rs *e Ahi'Apartheid Na,os, which often contains clues. BOSS claims the British acmnistrinelv Movement is a Moscow front organization Anti-Apanheid "{eru which exists not only to create hatred for South Africa but

caueht our latest man at Charlotte Street . .

.'Mrs Ethel

de

,,four of.thern and sent ttrem packing. As

ttren the AAM Secretary, regularlv set qapg fm new anivals at her office and neryonal]v 9t-*!'9d st least

f"ir"t,
utand

that.: , :f[e Anti-Apartheid'Movement

I

Vi"totio wete dever publicized.

far as I know; het could never quite underhas a wide nemmrk

of

- .you*t.l,Fot tbst gnd othgr reasonsglll.'1. van den Bergh'had

i.'ru.t Boss roainei"s io a Bl6yr'1q rbrainwash'Efiti$h

trrouos opetati;g in schools and universities all over Britain,

syst:p. It is quite simple. A German student "*ifr-intl,"E for g-rid; lrorking for German intelligence and a Briton tg1o BOSS had a senior spy*master operating i" ifr;, F don. He recruited Americans, particularly nlact ilrrerlsasdraftdodgers or Bracks who rraa cere*eci rr- inrnsr# can forces because tr".v unhappy aboutlth; .d& -y"1: yietnam. They worked fdr BOSS but thought ttrey AaA been recruited by the crA's African s..,ion. These,'farse,flag spies often, submitted vitriolic ****t, ap.arthgld in their repgrts: bug H. J. van den Bergh die; "Uo"t d?9.: m9y were good spies for pretoria Ue"ause;heieftii$ and liberals they were spying on in Britain coutC never,;lpfig they were agenrs for South Africa. "r": . The spies on_ campus stan off getting a proportion of their accommodation and living cost, piid tV EOS-S. ff do wetl everghing. qaid fur, ptu, u'g*C-*"ga. $q ls Spying in British universities-is not,a-difficutt 6sk, ,r'ii"i* a maner of observation and research. f[u mii" ry1inly thing the spy students look for is a .South Aftican,;;; I9r'..eoy left-winger, whatever his nationality, ;h;G; friend o1 lelative in or-from South Africa is 6m;ti;;d befriended or warched. BOSS waRts a list ,sf ,U,]'G politicalfy-in9lined fri:lar on c^ampus and their:trqil addresses, plus the addresses of aiy contafid in Souttl Africa t fqv sound very:dme-consurning Uut the- df mn at .BOSq headqrrarters are ruthlesst! efficient; and, delighljn:applying themselves to smafi ietail.: egt""i. qtop-{: J, vdn den Bergh's,favourite saying: ,TdyAL; *ripid { !h"V didn,t.' r$(/hat they were- toiking fo" ,",ru ,rcovet addr,esses' being. used b$r the campus fedsts-,lnr*1ffi or r gutsid. South ,,Africa. AII addresses are ,,pkcedr;fr ,
.

spy for apaitheid they are recruited

qgreed to as, did some Bdtons, gOS S Ao", fus t o*e1 -spy, work on these students and in eses where it is clear thm. althorrgh right-wing .in their attitudes, they

-are.

know that a ferr youngsier* fr?rn

C"ror*u

;i;ht-;A;;; *a." tllr" f"lsQ'ehd

'i

: n,

j .'

..:: . ..". . ...... ."

'.

ti*6 *rrrios,BoBf i Pnetoria's dusDct list asd mmitorcd wheoenrer pmsibb" brom Ao" boSS glctffi much valuable information' gi&thry-when left-fuqg pdmbers of Britair's National
of,the National Union of --The

-- --:--:-:'

:frt

rl;
ilrt

U"ion of Students CNUS) rBrite to like-minded merrbers sotr* efrican Studeots (NUSAS)' information BOSS picfts up is not always of a uature. In ry73 og in+ a letter was intercepted Dolidcat 'wtr*, it was sent throtil! a:knsnm over address in South A&ica used by a left-wirrg'rmrdelrt in lrilain' The leuer itselfwas not important, butthe two wrall sheets ofblotting omer enclosea wittr it were rriidd+losing. Chernical tests biwea that the halluciiretory drug LSD hld been ab'
rorb.ed into the blotting paper. The South African srudents paid fs the tSD by Fsdng birck easily obtainable dagga

" gf a titled man. The gardener planted ttrc Scqtbh estate used for his lordship'e seeas dasfr i6-laree rgx;-cdf""tiolr of o-rchids and odrer hothouse phnts. The LSD-taking South African snrdents were trapped by the Drugs SquaA in Pretoria and toluurnesburg. +! lq$^CII: cilasiaile4 but one was not. He ws-pemraded !y!9{S to leave Souttr Africa and continue tris stodis'in Britsin' Thc dsl was'tbat he ryotrld not be pniiectrted, thus bringhg shffiie to his prominent parnts' if he agreed to spy for BOSS on a British campus. He agreed' Pretoria had the occasionat spy on campus at British universities in the mid-r96os, but the real build-up came in .ro6s when BOSS wm orfficially formed. In that year my 'I.loaoo handler started giving me regular inforsration about suspect srudents. on earnpus. H-e {id this in case tr *asril thetudent or any of his friends. I obviously could not remember' all Se names given to me over the years' so I keot short memory-iogging notes on thern in my private fles at home, and i stili have all those names- If some bright 'volurs British snrdent would fke to.write a thesis on the l,rtiulr, wittr the aim of finding out what bad thiggs hapbcrrcd to those sfirdents thel5or in later years' I rrill Sladly

i-oiiur"al seeCs toineir fri,sndsin,Britain. The dtudmts in itftsit nui friend who worked as a gardener on the

gfu hnn all":dre irdhs. I did not stwa[N find oqft,*hy,a student had been plaeed on BOSS's slrspecr list, bur dten of protesr about !e o1 {e- had been involved ir some sort $srrrh Africa, Rhodesia or the former pornrguese African territories sqq as Mozarnbique and Angola. BOSS patpp{ : . :ri on its knorvledge of these snrdents to ihose countriesi h., "i ri po:9,ftrti*"oratgal aod Rhodesia pooS -eodii-. ,,;i *"1: most of their intelligence information, because un , ,. or one was of wtrl .nornralry nonnally an enemy ot of tne the others .. ;: . . .. t I :, 't T BOSS had at least three spies at,Cambridge Unirrereiry rn ry76, two of whorn were aerive in the ad-ican Socii*ir. . ,'l which operated on campus and had about 3oo menrbed. f: could always tell when BOSS knew very littte aboutt : suspect student or carnpus ag my handler would only,give ' ' me 'file data' zuch as date of birth, and perhaps addreeseS. ' There would be no, personaliqy backgbund. gut when ,,,.;lj BOSS had an agent close to the suspect, a god indication of his personality, Iikes and dislikes would be added to tlrc backgrounder I was given. For instance, in Daembff .i tgrTzrwhan I was sent the name of Bob Hepple, then a hw : i lecturer at Canrbridge, k was clear that BOSS had some- I one close to him and that all the backgound infornratioi was less than six weefts old. I knew.N{r Heppte was a poHti- . cal refugee from South Africa, as in 1963 H. J. van den 'i Bergh had told me to mounr a smear atlegng that he had ', been a Security Police inforrner. I did so, but it was ao outright lie. BOSS spies acted on campus at Oxford Uni.rersiry,ion': t974 and a very good one worked there as recenily as rgr78. Leeds University is the most hated by BOSS, as a long liet of South African political. figures including Nelson

9:::

privite detectives to spy on sftrdents at Reading Univgr_sili.Pretoria was also interested in Keat University at '

Mandela, gram fischer and Ddnis. Brutus hive been votedlonorarSl vice-presidents by students on that campus over the last fifteen years. I am quite sure BOSS will hq&,. spies there wen today. At one stage Pretoria hired a firm {

buiy:

' .

ffi,.'{N$tDE:Brg$$,
;:IvIes;rye tu ryst1t ,,',",,, bnozPrt):' .' .

;.

RotT'ftmi BO"S'S @Naat date tut'

:'

rr' '

r,

/
a named

'BLOOM, 'Cofi[uoirt'iit sa'*tto wit"t ott la* for the Brittsh ,. iit"L aJ-s*d;t ii*.t. Lortdon address 13 F1oel{ no"i. fft*ostead, London. Query: Is he connected with NW3? He is zgenrcgg.tat, London NW3?-He Fi.a" Freda CotdUlatt of zga"Frognal, University'Canterbury' Query: at Kent law in L.noi"n does he have, if any, with Dan MokonWft"t "on""ction tuot6"v*e's address is : '[iT: Ends &iessage" Kent' Canterburyr iS, Wi"a"neap, E*",", University also came under scrutiny:

'

Harry, auttior of "Enisoddl'and

of. official _S{qP organ ..Jhe Gr.rardian', becoming editor 1948. Eleaed Member of parliament (Baotil Representative lVesterq C,ape) in r95z untit r9j3',when unseated after beingnamed as Communist. Bannil rrnder Suppression of Communism Act tg6z and, servedlrBi*r
Cornmittee member of SACp',.in exile." Author bf "Rise of the South African Reich', @enguin, rS69) end now writes for.Russian news agency TASS in il;doe..
house arrest order. Ffed to Britain i963, elected Centrfll

;81ffi;;;lh;;.i'

Musage to agent RotT from BO'SS (Seltember

. ..

MBRVYN Bennunr an old C Ustomer of ours. NoW a Faculty oiL"*, Exeter University, Gandy f""ntt.t "t,ft" , lil;; E;J;r.-we ttiu" information he^agitated students

::t,)t

Wife Sonia Beryl Bunting (bom fsaacman r9z4)r,aleq Iisted Communist who first joined SACP ng.a rS.-Wcnr works in senior advisory c-apacity r"t ariti-epr"r-iiiit Move.rnent and Canon Collinsr international b"f"""eand Aid Fund in London, where she liaises with vtefan
S_ACP mernber Rica Hodgson; The Buntings have three children and live ati 32 Oakshott Avenue, -London N6. Telephone: 94e75r6,' :

"" light in the Exeter Antii.*"*itr* of'Uf.''lB*utt is a leading -address; Connetts, Nad: ;;h"td c[.-ittee. Home

i"aemonsuate against the Springbok RysbY

;J;;;,

Exeter EXA zLD, Phone Lpngdown 3!4'

Sussex University, the

Ends message.'

U"#r*t

time when Peter Buntlng was chairrnan Ii.rl""-e"ri-Apartheid group on that campus' Peter is the ssn of Brian and Sonia Buntrng
tttere at
a

I Pretoi"ia was acdve at

first spy

' Eiupt

lroxt secret BO S S fi'Iu (rgr+)' qBUNTING, Brian Percy. Adutt Vhitf-Jewish Male gl4,lrgzo, ttre son-of Sidney Percival 'Uqfiil ioha*islturs of the South African Communist le-aiii i""jtitn ir""*er and Rebecca Bunting' also. a 1936) died f"Fifo
-fo.rria"r

breakdown caused by interrogation andmanaeed to smuesle herself out of South Africa illegally. Ronnie Kasrils is ri'ild by Pretoria as 'one of the 3o m6st dangerous South,African political figures in Britaintoday'. BOSS constantly mounts smear stories in the South African press claiming that Mr

The London School,of Economics is the most importurt oflearning in London when it comes m SOSS rpd. A South African sgent was active there as far back asig6,V gtd was closely connected with and spying od Mr Ronnif Ifusrils and his friends. Ronnie Kasrils, now aged,forty, fled from South Africa in 1963 and so did his wifa, Ehanor Kasrils, n6e Andelson, who was born in Scotland. Eleanor $as{ls escaped ftom,police custody after feigning a mental
seat

Kasrils is. a member of the South African Communist

"*il'fi,hfi"ft.das

of-ihe SACP who was born Nadorvitz as liif, di"d t" iondon r97o' Brian Percy Bunting worked Two' Var V:tld until DailyMail the,nand riptnet "n " lieutensnt. Renrning to SA ioinedsteff

t**uer

warfare expert for South African Communist parw tarcC in Maputo, Mozambique, and a Colonel in the I(Cg'.
,

Party who helps to train Black guerrillas to be sent to Squrb Africa for sabotage purposes. Boss:claims that IVIr Kasrils works closelywitlr Mr Joe Slovo, . who is the guerrilla-

From "ne to time I put little snippes-of information

3!0. rN$lbt:Boss."-'
.:@lier:nrhfeh raisect eo$pldoas;,ful tnyr miod'dut aeftatn :.e6*dcr$son.campuses were spyingforSmrth Afrie; but to 'name thein here would he rinfeir, as some ould be compktely innocent - BOSS is not interestd otrly in teftists in Briain. In 'tlre early rg,Zos I was asnigaed to cornpile an in-depth idoasier on atl right-wing igoupe in the UK, panicr.rlarly ,Soee which criticized Blects being allowed to setde in ,8ritain. My iob was to fnd tre ffgureheads in eadr rnovesrent and how many genuine members were on its books. (Pretoria warned me that most of, ttrcm lied about ttreir
sperit serrral monthe compiling tttis dossier, whictr con:

BOSf;:-!t*!&gnEJ r 36r $rcqtthef eppilo\red itr an alirgf ,number sf-sri*c6s *srre ptuited by cotumbia hirirers of Ibe message on them was simply .Release South Africalr Political Prisone$?. ,, : ,. Pretoria was furious when hundreds of letters barinq thse propaganda stickers arrfued in vq{ious p* Africa. I was told atl about th.b by I{. J. van den *rch,,", "rffi said I ooutd rrritea story aborit ana I did.* H;-;;H,,,

ri"tuo*,,rdi;ffi'

tsiaed rnrious psnphlete, publications :and all addresses and telephom:qrmbcrs. Much later I discovered the @on foe 'ary pnobe. A senior BOSS operative told me that Fretdii intnded hehing cenain rtght-wing movembnts in Britain by sluicingiedet cash funds to them. The point to (oonfirm'the !&i*nbei'here is that anythingwhich might .&tr*r Afrdcan government's views that race is a problern, utd drat countrifotlcrttran Sotrth Africa have difrculties with their Bhek ddzens, can be srue of getting @vErt support from Preoria in one'forrn or eother. 'Orteof .Pfetdriat best-kept eeses,is tlrat'BOS$ had, ", ;ldd ller gurr still hm, people wo,rfting for it in main .'pq6t ofrce sorting sectioas in London. Ttre anount of in,fottration obtained thmugh these men is phenomenat and 'Sm.lth.African exiles in Lonel6n,can btame themselves for riawittingly causingttre whole thing in the first place. ' Itdl started wa,y back in ear$ 1965, when a Blackrsouth Afrin exile took'a prt-time iob as a postal sorter at a pgii sortirlg oection in Lorrdon; He had got ttre job hcause 4ilie Blitish post office emplop extra workets during the 'heaw Chrisamas and New Year periods. As lre sortd r&rcrrgh lettem, he handled many going td Smth Africa, and this fave him an idea. IVhy'not stick anti-apartheid
:labels on all the letters addrssed to South A&ica? Wlren he

,," I

merrbership strength.)

pt"*d

his plan before the British Anti-Apartheid Move-

in-the relwant sonin! scion in Inndon, a"d whm;h; ctrlprit was disoveied he wm reprimanded-o, *.t ud" I{.--f. was qrrite pleased about that, Uut Ae ils T".dT.gogh by the reacrion he reoeived throush diplmdc igdea &aqnds, which said W-hitehal thought tne ilofe inciO6i . wm lrather amusin& old ch"p'. '*4O.,;' . HJ told nc that dris hd giiren hipo the idea of*le$lry.&.,1, own back He w.as_going to assign oie of his m""b *d* rs a pooral sorter in london'druigg the next Christmae nlo[ priod. He did, and the rncn had such fantasric".roer*}t the plan was extended to the.pgint yhere mruii l""uffi ' dqhSw " sortds, Londonerg working as full-time wce -ing paid to intercept 'C.omnunist and liberal letrers'. ib th; binning HJ was not so nruch bothered about interceod letters to and fmm South Africa. Vhat he wanted was id to mail sent from other ountries, or inside Britaiq itcelf,, to ertain 'target' addresses in London, suctr as the aeican National Colgress, Ca.non Collins? Defenoe and'Aid Fund and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The plotran smoothly and as far as Iknowthere was only 9pe TngH slipup This came in the early r97os, wtrend[ ' g.luq African govenrmenr appointed the C6mrsibsion,bht kquiry-into tle Natioqal Union of South African StqddilF :' (NUSAS), asd four srembers'of BOSS gav *s4 * Jofuanncsbnrg St@y Exptx, Z March rg6S.
,
,

offoe" whie oi"* of its rnair being dmpered *i.UE "!anybody for whatver nearpn. An investiftti* d;;;#

. +q co"',plaid P**+ 9l euiettr to Vhitehall, *dliffi:.: malter had been passed on to the British post

tioned.somrhinq

*iy-g i rd;;;r";;;;

too| a-vryl

.:,''
I . l. . r

3!F - r![stD* ao6s

"

ry.sfr

s1{&ltftIeu8

g_

gSE

vid$ce be{bre dut Commiesion. 9ne of them was Pieter S*"*ul, ththead of BO$Sfio+White $u*pects' division' H"'haia"{ the Commission'many photocopiec gf lettss ;httii hsd been intercepted &r BOSS by ttre South African.oostsl authorities iirsfde Sou*r Africa' But SwanepoJ-*d""-U"A rnistake. He hed not noticd tht.o"" $tl'r: i.trt * had been posted flom'the offices of *re World Anti-Apartheid U*o"oity Servici in Gellerya to the picked uP yntil not was eror His m**tit"ti* in London. if* C"-"tission published iu final rcport sn N U S A S* and :d6"r."* was ttLt" for all the worl{19 see' But nobod'y fru*a *t" full significancc of it, oo HJ's poetal sofiers in L""aon carried on*reir dandestine work. -'ftdditt* to obrious 'political' lddresges. in London *16 pwal sorters were atso asld to keep their eyes*6pen f"{'Lf,lrqs gping to South Afriean Associarcd Newn-Palers 6':ifr-'siuttr-African Argus Groupi whictr bottr have , ffil*;t ff"et Su""t where-sevral South African iournal"irt* based. Monitoring zuch people proved to be a' "* veriabte treasure ctrest for BOSS. In January ry71 a ir*"rfirt named Paaick Lauren@, who was then working Srat managed to obtain a secret intrit r ttt" lot *t "sburg sobuktre, the banned lder, ifr"trg"ii* ;;-;fth R;l*ti of the ParAfticaniet Congress. Being secruity-conscious' Pamick posted the story to a colleague of his naured lohn ''eGdii;htworked at-the Srar's office in FleEt Street and pass to Mr Coiin Legum of the Obserttet on it to nm o**O it i**"p"p*-girt ttre letter never arrived atthe Smr's ofrcel in friends potal softer m" litti"cWt"a by one of BOSS's i;d";;a gmti to Alf Bouwer, my handler at the South
African'Smbassy. '-Ui*f,S."rtt
ls'a seriousoffence to quoteb banned person such as Robert Sqbukwe, and in his siory for the ObsaverP-atrcktaurence quottd Mr Sobukwe several times' Realizing tlat a ;d; -"fr"td.t"t

Co@

q*.k r"

q"

Coetzee, as

South African polie. He then rclephsned Jofrm in,Pretoria to telt him the tcner w6oa*,ei, -y.

I have mentioned

in Joharirresburg and is today se head of rtre south

Security

earlierywas

orr* *y

Police.

lr*iii" -i; l Afiie , .,

tootcit alo.ng to Patrick Laurence indicating "rriueathat it hd G@. by an anonynous person in tG .grar,s Imddn ry** omce. At the same time I was told to leak a rrmrour,sfiisryBt r

. To_deffect_suspicion away ftom dur postal sorters in Loo. don, Johan Coetzee waited until the litter a"O:.dtii*

South African joumalists

porters working in the .Srar's London office was a -8OS6, agent who had seen Patrick Laurene's t tt"""oi*r.*a n"a d"," i, frorn |ohn Cundill's desk before he affivdtt work that morning. There was no BOSS ugrrt *orning il

in London that one of.dre,.fu:

the ,Srar's London office, but this rumour &"tainfy starta

a spy scare there at the time.

Patrick Laurence wae brought to court ana niuna guihrr of communicating the quotes of a banned man by post-wttir .the intenrion of getting thern published in the Obi*z,n.We received an eighteen-month iail term suspended for thre years. Back

Mr

in

London,

p!e{^the B+ish

snswer to that mystery.

Aat ne invbtigate :nrhr}sr BO S S agents had intercepted the letter in tlie .grar's London.ofrce. Mr Vellbeloved and Mr Laurence now knowrhe governmeni

James Wellbeloved was so mvsunea Uj,-tiris care

in August rgia, Labour Mp

to

Aftica's Suppression of Cornrnunism ltct

it

i;;;

convicted, Alf Bo-uwerposrcd the original leaer

Coqnmtuci{'q.8epotrt

of the story might not be sufficient to

G.P/fr of rgz+)'

have

* Tbe Sdrlebqr*

Dgring the.years I spied for Soudr Africa in Britain my .hqd"T rggularly shorved me photostats of tetters,pod in London ro orher addresses in London. On sne d;h" my handler, Piet Sctroeman, handed me a photostat of,a 1egt91 w.hi9h was pinned to a photocopy of tlre envelorpe fu yhich.it lua 9ry1 posted. I-read the envelope nrsr asd i4*{"t$ s-aid fThig was urritten by Dennie Brurse, il recognize his handwriting.' - --9, The letter had been $errt sent by Dennis Brunrs to Mrs.B&B* $,ofusor at tlre Def,ence and AidofficeinNe*gated In it,'Decrnis mentioned his alrri-Sourh-Afrfu wgrs

"

4fui'"iitsrJry'soss'' grurp SANROC, sd

"

"BOSS TNT&IGUES'355

"t**'itq::5:f: "*, &e meeting in question, hednotamve

', '." ' ,,t,
:i;

h 'sorH be 1iil sf smc Fecritrg' I{ also Hodgpon ryy ii O"--U'"* a prcviors lerter he had " sdid,lbn{dri itiffi*uy
eeodiag

Ms

"ffmffi.iltr"ffii'brack ii q ni'i ae* in the Sonth r"* "lt"*ilii*ti"g beec unable to go* it .iilifrlips g-brt;;"i;[''ffi:o*

il; i" **
dL'

; Mtt n"lfr;,

#.ffiffiS
coffee all

,;Pi&Sfuerne wtr the

"11."*"a

.*eTffi?iii*

prct how.he mrnagpd to ooen the enveloPes'of l*u-e.? to"*:oia he steam' them use a long 'spinning open with u"iffi-r<r*iJ-* {id. -T " *rEn' *ui" inr*rted into the tilv o"$ 1t .niedle'device up eo tishtlv tbat it

ffi;;i;i;;A&'ffi$re.remer said zudr tricks were

iiro.ur*u,affifpiJ-t**"4

their section or sometimes even by watching them secretly tht'ough holes in glazed windou's or one.way iniirors. This security aquad enists mainly'to catch dishonot postgl workeri suspected of stealing- registered envelopes asd parcels. The postal sorters worting for Souttr Africpn intelligence slipped letters under &eir armpits or in to thFir, undertants a,iA-tnetr went to the lavatory, where *re letters were passed to an accomplice waiting outside. The accom. plice inet Piet Schoernan in a near-by pub and the hendorr.er iook place under or over the wall of two adioining toilet ctrbicies. Piet dashed back to the Embassy in a taxi, opirn$ the letters, made photostats of their contents and retus4n$ the originals by the same toilet procedure within the hourr Piet iaid he spent a lot of pennies. 'But,'he guipped' :itLs money well spent.'

1nd exolained' had ben old hat. N", d;'d'J*"tf,ta' he ritro-used tpo-?l picked .rp fro*-ffi"n im"Uigt"o' For some eluedisstr"'ag-"tt*tiJto opcn'sealed envetropes' be usd on ivorY' so'Piet s,ry-n* in Londo'n until he

',' ' '.

ffi;ffi'AHiJ.;"ft;JY ilff;;a wafer-thiri had '*"e;*'-J;urd ivory letter-openr' He apparelrtly forurd the elue on the flap

;;ffi; ;;;Gililt"*"""tiutt"d il*tLi b" seatei again without of,the "**b;';ffi rnarks' give-awaY ne a different

,1 t#J61it;;ffi;ttbe"'i' ,;,:.- address. " thewortd*19h9 ffiIL;f 9v& .left-wing' 1q9by ';'d;a;;ornft attended # kiirilia;sr*s
il;;

on motner #asioaPiet Schoem-m shorped Bnrars to Mrs Rica gunting at a entral London llodgson o" ilti'-3*i" f" Oir"fh#ii* fbigi"i"" the names and tull

whictr I still hrye' oost office managsd - -'ffi;;'t"#;-how his gents in the iraa to be entremely tlo" r , fri*. lgqts ;:., , . to pass fe,ttos ooio post office has a carctul *h* -;;;ii"sJ;;' ""tti"-gtiti"h t"'gt1"t'.men who oft en

i;,':''-,

ffi &;fi;

"ffi "?t'Gtuiareas by infiltrating a man urto #;;"tke-il;td"g

t"i"J

"::.

'

]!.,t,l,ta.!

!:i.

:r:/t,r"

i:::.:

r,

i'

l.

TTTF SMSABING

.Or StrAN iWINBN

35?

,j

THE SMEANING OF
,., ,

,,srAN WlNf

', ,I'ftsd dme dris !o get a sae*pisre df Stan;;ttrt lt:rfs' .rot such awart mo\r, becauserrst *pm&osionril d{tel,it
'

.:

Viner' a South-African-fornptoto-ioumalist'Incollusionwith of denigratiog ;dff;;*il p*t i"-" curipaign q"! S: sni' 1t wee so zu3cesstul"itn"d-"t #;rt"; hi*; a soss Britistt sorne bv even driaon in fi;ititaie"ea

If

any man has good cause to loathe me-it is Stan

#;

r"*"i.V

**. In order to protect myself against Stanls freak q1{*Y^y befriended his wife ns[-i;; " gOSS ug"r,t, t del'iberately London flat and mv her.in of ffiidfti;J; ;6i"s;aphs African exiles to lprove' ;ttil;;t',f; i-o"f sbuthagainst me becau$e he was $;;;- *tti"g false-claims Astrid'
lealous sf mv affair with

'"i"nlr."t""itt*ritit".ut r4 March 1973, when I dropqe{ i"'f"i'*u';" *lti Nortrr London home -of S{NBOC

;il;.

Statt ftom thqstart, as he was sensitive' intellir,ntlwen-reaa ana articutate. I did not like the look of him' tutty black polo-neck sweater' badly

rvilrtia Brutus. Stan was there with agrid'.r

ry3s

;*ti*ea'Uv

Island prisoner t$filfrid Bruttrs. Pretsria wasted no time in flssldng back a mgssage Bsyidg Stan's mother was certainly not ilI, so his movefirens wolaH be monitored when he arrived in |otrannesburg. By tlris timemy roll of film had been derreloped and I sertt BO8$, .: a copy of tlre photograph I had,toften of, $tsr- in \Vilfsid,h .r: home..This was so ttrat BOS$ could'easfly ideoti& Stn+'& the airport in Johaniiesburg. B O S S also asked me to bbteln more dataon Stan Winer an4 tohelp mefanriliarizemyuelf about him, sent a good backgrounder. It wo eo fascinatiaf that I kept a mernory-iogging set of notes:of the csseutial facts. This, in my own words, is roughly what BOSS to&d
;

.Returning to my flat I typed out an urgent rryort d hsnded it to my BOSS handler next day. In ttre rcp6ft:i recoruilnded ttrar Stan \Winer ehoutd be watctrld wfiilg$li.,:'' South Africa as he talked like a leftist, was married to s ' Coloured wof,nan and wgs abo a &iend of forncir Robbdn":

man hlnselfi, tre knew oractly wtffi I had donel Ib o attempt rto cover up I then stood up and tookanotlrcr pictrre of hilrl :openly.,tater he conrplained to,Wilfrid about thls.. l#hib Stm was in the kitctren at onestage his wife Astrid cas$ilf ' mentioned he would be flying to South Africa strortly toc1$i'.,., his mottrer, who was tnot ,-1., .:'i.1-..,,, .':

wellt,

,:l

Itj lr

fffid,;tt"-*ot" " booteei and ar old coat of a ilff:'i ttiirt:**t" suede to ttis ttouters' His shiny blhck hair applared i-lF.t-it of those thick' frizzv ""'i""r il;;G;; carenruv permedwith 11on-e Blacks at the American nt*Ati* styles so'Fiputarcu"uuta-tvpe moustache and ch" ; ;il;.'il;ffi-t"d that kept uttering matching Marxist;;; *ittt " *o"o Leninist verbals. -E * rroticed two Leica camtras i1 my open-topped pfrotoetqphl: p$ng
otttt"i
I said 'That's one ofthe cameras out and pressing thc shutter makes shutter'which got a-quiet trtiv've ; easier'' much so pictures pio*tiirg
and we stafted to talk.abogt

bedroom with Miss Astrid Franciir, an ,adult Coloured ferrale born Wynberg, Cape Town z5lrolrg45. Case withdrawn thmugh lack of evidence that illgal sexual,inier. course actually planned ahhough the fenrale was wearing trou,sers only as she lay in bed and Winer was naked. \t(iipef left SA for Malawi in 1967, followed by Astrid Francis.,ln r- 1968. They wene rnarried in tlre Registpr Office, Blafflf*,

Jewish male born Johannesburg rclzlrg4r. Chargd under knrnorality Act rg66 after arrest by police in a Cape,Tornn

me: 'lffiaer, Willian

l

Stanley, alias

"Stan"

adult Vhite

;'tty;p;;6l"i".t

.,Malarri on 6lglrg6g,9olry*lohn 9onnel1y ("ot oe,F$ ,,Inf,onnation was reeived by Cape Town Securit*)P{liib

THE SMEARING OF STAN

I' .,

Corporadqh wittl EiqtitriTsf-tldssi the insanqhalf-caote who assassinated Dr Verwgbrd in 1966, Agent $zgg bascd 'in Malawi was assigrred to monitor r$(/iner and wife and if ooqible have them arrested gn:a possession of drugs chalge lhere leading to their ortradition, if convicted, back to SA. Agent reportea back that he offered to suqply \(riner with cannabis- but \tr7iner denied using it. Winer and wife obtained castr grant from ther United Nations oryce Jn Zomba, Malawi, under pretence they were political rcfugees from SA. Using the-gragt&ey ffew to Britain Srriving

fiat,Vines'

had, tJr.roqllB,{*4 .ryqkcdrfor

}{&rine'Diamond

held-up a quantiry of "[rtu"*"'J;;;;;; il-*uidl" had .fotrad in Stan's wardrobe. ri's an "rn""Ui, ola pou,e-ui"I';difi#frtr; '.hd{ttg charge' an$ time ;" -- ---.' they keep a suspect in cgstody. '-_-:-- ',:'l:. After about ten dlls in sotitary confinement Stan ivas released on bail and iirmeaiatefy fi"d;;;;H

il;;y " ;ilrl?[]; a couple of minutes, and when "rud,t" ;rd;;

pdto:

Mrs Elsa |e[jman, who Stan's bedroom. But she was

watcM

as drey searched

tsffi;-ffitfi

'f

,Vjctoria for tfie first'night

bookedinto YWCAat ina tneir.toot a small rented flat in London. Winer, a South African passport holder, applied for'British work permit,.firet refirseA (Tihtfiv, oti;ttslr) then approved (Trtfuner tol8lr97r). \triner got
;eathrow airport

nlrclrry.Tbey

**la hU a* t5'pistltetepnonist at UK

Immigrantsl

'

Ad.visory Service (UKIAS) in St George's Churchyard, Bloomsbury Wag i,ondon VCr, through Anti-Apartheid Movqnentiecreiary Mrs Ethel de Keyser, who was friendly with John Ennals, then director of UKIAS.' Jqst trventy-three days after mymecting with Stan Winer at Witfrid'slidhe, Stan flewto SouthAfrica, amiving,*rere on'6 April. A police tail was placed on him, but somehow rney mtfrim ana ne vanished for nearly two months, whictr caused such a panic in BOSS that they sent me a message asking if Stan could possibly have returned to Britain. He hsdh'i and,they taced him again in fuly 1973, wherr a trventy-four-hour watch wss kept on him. Stan was quite definitely 'up to nonsense ', as they quaigtly describe it in pretoria, and wi&in one week police caught in a Black area. He was filming Black liiq ced-handedwith a rnovie carnera and equipment-\ilofthpoverty scens

was by a rilfodd C,ouncil of Churches;fdrJ; *h" betralred ;iuitn;;,fr was some kind of,Communist saboteur. trrut ,iUr i,i"iJiil because the South African *"**";";;;;;;G out propaganda that the Sforld Council of Cfriucfres "lrili; totlllv Communist-infiltrated a"a -"o"t"ofl"a bod";:- is - i Stan^wgs t[rown ba$ over the bordi"i"io ,t ,iir""*i"g arms of the South African police on ,o " Now he august. really was in troubre. tn adaition ." o" "nr"',il;bi; ctrgrges against hirn he had ir*pia-Lril-il,lefrHilt Africailtegafly. It was engug\ i".d**tJH", fi;&";;t iailat 1!e v_ery least. But, tuo"nicalty,i;; ht", frd;h". .Bgk in London I had discoverdd tnat Stan frad been commissioned by Canon Coltins, D"f.d;;;ia-f*-A Otlil" T"".* fitm of poor Black.tving conaitions-in-S1ffiiilfi. Al the same time he had Ueeniecretty n"L".a, to the arne of morg than {5,ooo, torake pictures tarsery by a senior member oi the Africin-NatidJd;: "fft;il";;"ffi; gress in London, Mr Ben Turok. ----.
.

Swazilahd and freedom.

o"r"Gtii"rgrr1."i*

, iilq. They also found sixty-two gpams of cannabis, which

Sian claimed had,been secretly placed'in'his car by the police. ';: One day after his arrest, police visited the honre of.Stan's

'TP|9.K: Beniamin alias .,Ben,,. White Adult igzz.-s"irrca it lg'i-f rawir a" k1-":_1r111'::9: Y* ""..'J"d :lyj^1,Y:::_withdrawn.A{,ameq!;;;;;ffi;'h"'^iifi banned under the Suppre,sri"" ;i c;;*;i;;'id 196r. A former membei of the C"p" piooi""iui'C;;S he was arrested under the B.pf"ii"e"1*";;;H;;

Exeerpt from secret B O S S fiIes e97S)t

nylf*:

"&ilii; i'-, i;;;i;iil

;,'.,'ii.J*

ffi

I I l;! : :;{;': r'fj:"l' ;r.*N$fel;*O*S;'r '1,' gpilty of bcing s'psrty p P.A.{e's. ''n$peaf,'S'9f , iilii*r,qabottgc detntfogo'bv helpingtopl4t *'bocib niryit Street Post ilil a**6 or lot6niu"rt's found oo newstugerprints. ttt" ffi-;- tipi.tXr: in iail. .#;*r"'-a-"r6.-a m*.-Sei-r'eA thrce years ordet' arrest 'ilGseJ;t7lrg5s with hor:se ard;srvd . also'a bmned , L;[ sA;tili,*ir" rut.ry Elilebe$ Turok, o*o". Settkid in UK where both became affive rn,

. TrrB SMBARTNG oF srAN vrtNgs . ,g6r' mine.) So now they tried the soft-sell. One interrogator offered Stan a cup of tea, saying tglss; you'rc a young-man still and it would be such a waste if you went to iail for fifteen years. There's not much point in fietding outo_n us, as we know everything about you anyway. Plaj'the.g rre, and we'll go easy on you when.you come to court and that*ll mean two or three years instead of fifteen.' Knowing this was standard inteffogation technitluq Stan played it canny and said if the cop could prove ttratr lre might consider,talking. The inrerrogator countered,r*ith j\ff_9 qot only know all 1!9ut y9u, we're also getting deity. bulletins gbout your wife's telephone conveisattons, be! , cause we have a.bug on the phone at your London flat , ,, lVhen Stan asked for proof of,phis the cop repeated word for word the conversation I had relayed t-o BOSS about Astrid's call to Mary Turok. Stan.Winer was shocked. He knew it sg"nded right and that Astrid'would have phoned to wfln the Turoks on hearing of his arrest in South-Africa, But Stan still refirsed to talk. Then that snrpid interrogator dropped me right in it. He pulled something out of ,a thick police file bearing Stan's .Doesn't that prove we, lame and showed it to him, saying know all about you?t Incredibly, it was the phoiograph I, had taken of Stan sitting on the sofa in Wilfria's foiaon home. Vhat Stan said next was only natural, but it was to change his lifb. dramaticatly. Sneering at his opponent, he said 'Yorr ma)' not realize it but you-'ve lust toiA *" *hq your BOSS agent is in tondon. ft,s Gordon Winter, because he took that photqgraph just before I left London to come here.? Police regulations emphatically state that a suspect must never be allowed to catch sight of anything in hfu fib.,Mr Idi,ot Interrogator knew he was in for a roasting from his superiors, as Stan would obviously tell his lawyers about me and the photograph. The cop was stupid, but at least he was honest enough to teII BOSS about-his serious err6r. H. J. van den Bergh hit ttre roof when he heard, and wondered how the hell he was going. to get me out of it:
,

comnunist Party and the ANc' [F*iJlis""it, e,frican pta"tq in- th-g $NG's'I-ondcr , ., ilGdt"ppug ai"i* wped .m;;;dnitet,Reinald-septeaibe " ffiJinffi lutotlasked ,,;;;;;;; tuctt"t tttir tpu"t wneo .him : \"

isensitive'questionr.
ltut"r. t
w4l6ltY78J*

"AAtusst to Zt-ti" to run an ANC oftce and tgdt;o[-fl""' ganp tten"' Mtry' Tuok followed'him ,, ;;;srist,ttsi"itlg

19 Abbots Gardens'London

Nal In

;;il,'i-#;e il;; ili#;;A

'

Ben ''Whitg tnvestlgating Stan Winer" !{8t .withthat.9!e Asuid's of fri;e h lrad ilary lurot to- gav-'somethpe !emt19 has

"f'?%".tT-1 Hl"aT."rua'".m*ri**ff wt.be BF trrot ieplied 'My goodnest,

mary T9T""; pnone' r No, wh a minute. . . We must not talk on tne away'l you smaight to see ffi "*" rctrnd qractly t*ttlA '- i ,f flashed this conversationback to B 9 -S S Sran Wi!rr in.on morgd Siri;:tu, ilt *e io1et-sutolt betray Ben than rather But rtfr. ilili"n *c tortoti"J bo-th his cutting bv suicidq ;;;-.;-"i,**i1 Sti ffi;k: gOSS a-Vea;1n-1\ a Stan that *tito.'fni" convinced -was kioq, of *"oiCo*-"ist. Only Corynuy91s...ttT"'h: rathef themselves kill should ttrejr dictates which dis"l"ti"" not propaganda' rtr*tt"ouy a comrade. (fhat is BOSS p.""as or ANC-tunds vanisbed from eNi;.Jrl#riltto".-"ft *gbl-11'y.said the house had been otti ft iitzdibtr li!il=l&ie eid't"ed e9m biaglv ror Td;Nc ffiefit 6;'f;fid;;'. itPir,negl '
,.

*Tl.Ttfioksnowlivebcsoada.Theyapparentlysptitfrmtlre

.?@.' TNBIDB Bos$ ,,

tBut, o he ws,so foctd df,#fiag' 'There'e atwtys'a say: i .' ,B.OSSls 'Diry Ttic&si. Uwarmcnt, DivisionrC3" leaked .thewpr4 @,crefrrlly chmcs but lo4racious purnalists that .S, j!ffiner was suspected,of being a BOSS agent. Yes' he and thg ;d gpparently started spying way !ryk in 1966' anopped , A& charge agniqst hln which had u9q ' "fumfrlity becEuse of 'lack of evidcncpl ms iust t'o maintain his cover. :IIe had then been sent ove$eas to spy and had married a "o.lo,tfsed girl to make himself cven more presentable to tlrc
. T&fu

ts8
,S surd \rlien

sMSanrNG'or, 8"a.lt.w!i!.lR' .3,

Stan conucteit her, by- tslphbs d,t

Ienf,, slrd ffiirioned.rrhm' Idiot, Intertogritoi hqd totd

P,eople.with no experience of thc apartheid legime rnay think lnat such a smeaf, soutrds,&Ffetched aod few would hau" believed it. Therc io a siniph way of shecking'on that. Askany South Africnnexilewhat hethinlrs- To ensurethat the smeu was believd, H.,J. van dm Bergh pulled snothr .fast on by tetliag,the police to isribstantially teduce' their Oridegce aggittst S&n when he canre tci coult. ,. ,ffret io,why Stan received only a suspended'six-month ceoi"o." oo the charge of cannabis being found in his car. ,Tbat, is astonishing wheo you know ttlat ltetoria is paralroid about drugs, and the avefage sentence on such a charge is between *ree and five yeare. 9e t$ chsrge of i trnpnng bail and bving So-uth Africa iflegalbr San Yras

kftists.

'

ofsectrity; sherlied and insistedshehqi$t;, Then Astrid, metrtlaned ber flat being burgled a Sry days'after Etan had bwr arrested in Soutl Af"ic", and-ttb strange fact that no.valuables had been stolen. That ru enotrgh for Stan. He told Astrid to give the srory tdrfrE Doily Minor.' And make mre they pay you for itr, he,add#;,,i Instead of selling the story to the Daily iluIilrrr, Acffie,
anger at herlack gaye th6 story to British lournalist Perer Niese{rand, andhe

bbout,her telephone call to Mar5n,T6oE Astrtd uid .Ir*y God, &at's word fur word ivhat-was satd.' Being a ioirrn& $tarr wae carefulro doublecheck this by astingasi*ditr-So had told any other person about this call. But, fearing ffii '

ffiE

made a front-pager out of

it.*

It

ilin

found in the wardrobe at his mother's home. ' I know what iournalists in Johannesburg thought when $tan,walked out of @u.rt a free man A good indication is rhet th,e liberal South African $maay Times andthe Rand Daily Mail declined to accept his work wheq he ried to
ma&e a living,as p freelance photo_grapher.
,

aU,

it a-tbemonth iail seatence - also suspended. To cap t6i prbsecution never eveo mentioned the cannabis

British secrrity was furious. The clear inGrence was thel' had neglected their duty by allowing a foreign intdligen; set-up to bug a phone in London - or, evm wonre, qligbf be seen to be in cottusinn with them. Expems were sffi-to examine the telephone, rshich; in fscr, ras nst itrside tbe.l, "' \fliner flst but was a public ca[-box by ttrc sraircasa. Ey ; minutety examining the interior of the telephone srd,hil the scfews, the eryerts were able to gtate eategorically tkt it had never been interfeied with. A Special Branctr officec questioned Astrid Viner and again she denied telting anyone about hor oall to Mary Turok. fn the end thc offioer ,. ' told Astrid that pertraps her husband SUn was lying and tlnt he n*a ogty erectd the phong btrgging.story b*ilse he 11as a QOS ! agot who vias enhancing his csvetr. ,'.
,

-t: '

f,o add to-Stan's upubles, H. J. van den Bergh ordered tnat Uiu p**po* be confiscated, eo he otld not,fly' o Igdon and start a witch-hunt against me in Fleet Sueet. Stan uied to tell South African iomalists I was a BOSS
agNrt,

fate conspired with BO SS to make Stan'e position wenworso when he caused Asuidto be ridiculed ih Britain.

-Then

but his aedibitrity uras low alrd few believed him.

ground. !y a ridiculous coincidene Stan Winer had. fferirn' to:Northern Ireland in earty 1973, and while he was e$Ey * police 6 fytaritian, Octqber,rg73, beadlined.Vorster's Reid Londolr f.fonre';

When Asrdd vigorenrsly dfrded Stan, thei Speeial Brench man told her: 'Vell, if that,s not the case, then ife you who has the bug and it's in your head. you obviously have a bug about BOSS spies.' This may sound strong language but he was on firm

ri

Tgp.Th,it['

,fP: | trl{$rDE

$,o,gs

sETTINc uF ,Pattsh,lrraiN .

383

the $rqp ',&uarr*. apsrt'from thisi'{,hndibem gnryentwtren lrdjs;,e"w Tour gnod,ws forma' r had been'&iendly rittt p.t t ifain tfrrougtr-or* the tour, an4 even better, I had taken mot" than r,ooo photggaphs of the- deryronsuations at'the various marches. BO$S.told me that imrnediately after giving evidence against PeterHain my covu would be broken and

'$pecial'Branch Detectitrc fuqpectof.'I abke{ Alf tsouwer to tell me *re names of'the two,senior' Britistr,intdllgence operatives connected with the Society for Individual t**. dom. He said they were Mr Ross McWhirter, co-author of

,*
ii i

l3 !a
!'!
I

, Fo".ssrn reason BOSS tsld me not to approach Francis nannlon direct. Alf Bor.mer said this was tnost important' I t* to make sure that sorReone else introduced mer.That
*inler

would be flowr,r.bac'k to South

Afric*-

' per$on was

Mr Gerald Howuth, agood'looking mqd T ItF erirlv twenties. BOSS described him ae a staufch right-

Aasty io GrosvEnor Square - cou{agoous because Gffild frad'pamded^ round the'esdmatcd rorooo'derr:ronstrato'rs qfl$y'ing a:banner which defended the United States' ,' nb SrS tolCmethat GeraldHowarthwouldprobablymake coniact with me but, to ensure that he di4 I should visil the ofrcewhere heworked and casually let itbeknown there

qnti-Vieqam denronstrations outside the A:nerican Etn"

who had been corrageous enough- to attend the mass

'

that
as

a set-up known the $ociety for Individual Freedofn (S { I F) whieh rented smgfl ofrcq'at 55 Park Larle, Ivlayfair.. I1 was- 3 nsht-wtng stoup whicb obposed free entry to Britain of Black irnmi: lis ctrairiran had once called for the repariattq.q o.f tolourea immigpnts, Most of the people associated with.it urcre eminentlv rQspectable, and at least four of *rern were titled. Alf Bo,t*o tbld me to pop into the Fark Lane offices of the Societv for Individual-Freedom on *re preteqce of wishing to briy one of.thebooks they sold. But, Alf wamed, 'Watch yourself very carefully when you visit the society' because at least two senior British intelligence ope'r4tives are menrbers. and it's almost certainly a British intelligence front organization which is mainly used for disserninating Estabts[ment-type proPaganda.' I was astonished, br* Alf was quite adamant on th3 9u,b..: iece. He sai.d he had received hls infomration'from a British

Gerald Howarth was the general secretary of

had attended all the Springbok rugby matches'

h*it.

Second u6/orld War'and Under-Secretary ar the Ministry of Defence from 1953 to 196r. It all sounded very cloak-and-dagger, btrt I did as f *di,,' told and took mtrrself off to ttrc Fark Lane offices of the Society for Individual Freedom, where I noticed a lerge pile of books ready for distribution. They all bore the sarne title, and thE author was Mr Enodr Powell. Vhile buyrng a copy I casually mentioned that I was a Souttr Afriean iournalist who had covered all the Springbok rugby nratdres.. ft was only a matter of hours before I received a telephone call fbom Gerald Howarth. He alniost carried nle -, over to the Lincoln's Inn Fields chambers of Francis Bennion when I said I woutrd be willing to give information whiclr could help to convict Peter Hain. I was impresied by Francis Alan Roscoe Bennion and found him to be not only a'gentle petson but also very mtich ttre gantleman. He was educated at Harrow and Baltiol College, Odord, and had flown as a pilot in the RAF during the Second World \Var. After-qualifying as a baristerlhb had lectured in lalti until 1953 and then entered gavernnietit service. In 1956, when only ftirty-three, Mr Bennion had been sent to Pakistan to help draft the countryr's nertr constitution. His opertise was such that he was then loarred to Ghana in rg5g as legal adviser on conveiring the country into a republic. ,:'Ffancis Bennion o<plained that arrangernents had b#'n made for the South Africhn cricketers to play nrenry.iffit mdtches during their four-month tour of britaini rni'ny thousands of people would have attended theee matelres,
,

IRA in Novernbs 1975, and Mr Gcorge Kennedy trtrogt MBE, a merchant banker and prcsident of the Nucledr Fuel Finance SA of Luxembourg, who had been head of counter-espioriage in tlre zrst Army Group during the
tlteGuinness Book of Recmds,who wps shot dead by the

,i6S4;
.,1'i

l"x*CrOfirgs-*:rj

.:.rli;", :i :i'i:

ri

't

chotdd obt trave bm @rived of urck legnt porsuits iustbecause of dre , Uiqlnrdhl sgitation activities-of .Peter: Hain snd his left-wing :uaqchtes. Mr Bennion er4fiapized that he had no"pensoaifi qgeinst Peter Hainfbut 'agitators like,him.rirust not ,beallourd, how.wer good or;bad'their cause mary be, to stop 'thp,lawful activities of.othors'i f a$eed with nA" g""riioil

..point,

srd nillims would bryc

*a{:*at $sse millitxr*:ofordinary.'peopfr-

ffied

rhem oa rclervbion; ISs

:mtirdy ana offered to liaise vr+[ hir i"g rn*,, CuG*a Howarth, who was building up e dossier against pe;r Hain. Mr Bennion gave me dcmils of an anonymous,derrtr fireat he had received by tdeptrone. This was a new ansle ,:on the aspegt of Petcr,IIab being prosecuted, so I wrotJ a highly flaqcring story abor* Mr.Bennion and cabled ft off ,to $ort*l Afri$r where itrrad rnll usd.t'.lVtr Bennion:'wos s,qddigbfcd rnthmy sttrywhen I gave trirn anainrraif enpy

,lp took
..tslh

of tbcJohannesburg StatdeJ, Expres three days tarer ttiat me_to lunch near his office. Aftet libtening to rhe

"dnst.,d" ir&'rjbok rugby team, he told me I vrodd G,tris tgy wimess. tOn yow eviderice I aln sure we shall scri&,;

about,thf,

had witnesseA

convictiorr'he said. Hc theq told me he wiehed-to hold a press eosrferomoe. Did:I lUrow s gpod venue?r f euggeeted 6atn to take.,the S|CV mrt pffuter Hqin,and ttre SfSf rnovelneut, Mr ;,Sennionshould hire the roominthe White Swan pub where STST hqd held its first press conference; lfu Bennion 'thoggh ei$a crackerjack idea and it was,inthatsmafl rd @.,he faeed the press whcn he outlined his intention to
proogq.rte Petel

J bfld,s$rffa1:meedpge with Gerald Howarth as,.a re$tlt .sf'w,,Fiph of whieh betyped he tvped out a I statmenr statment based hsed on *re the evidene er.ridcrrr+ I T euld offer. But, beadr4g, what Alf :Bouwer had b.earim in mind rrhat he6 told, *: the Society for Indivjdual Freedun having -tgll -ab3ut {iate with B.ritish intelligencg I had taken ttre precautimr o? gq{ping,Gerald to sign as agreemnf in which he and,rMr
T,.hert'To Anti-Deno

I,IAig.

_*

lohaaoeeburg

St@

tvtaa :.

Exlrcss, 14 tune r97q headlined .Dea6 -

whole Springbok rugby iour-"na pete" gaint delig-erately did not sign itbefo[ a Commissioner of Oaths, In June r97r BOSS asked me to write a storv sivitr gublicity to a fund q:ing.set_up in Britain to raise;orrc; 9t *"_ financing,of.Francis Beinion's prosecution. C*fe:&,, rne 'trarn prosecution Fund', it hoped to raise {eo;oOg;, Theman who officially_fronted this ftrnd-raisins ad;Aiwas none other than Mr Ross McVhirter, who i'"tii i- ln" chairman of the fund, and the treasurer wm-GerJJ Howarth. t!(/hen I suggested writing an article ;i"i"*,th; frrnd valuable propaganda in South.ifri.", G"i"ldH"i"rfi was enthusiastic and introduced me to l*r'noss Mc\xrhiit*n ' , Both were pleased *tF stgry I rvrote,' which-;;.fiffi. 1, prominent treatfirent in *. , i South Africa.* Francis Bennion flew to South Africa two weeke,later to collect possible wirnesses for his Uain prosecution. BOS;S took full advantage of his visit by circulatine ot roneoed subscription lists throughout the Jfrces " """t;;; of all civil servanrs in South Africa. jfhe significance of this,was nt quite lnderstood by the British lress. at., all, if ar^uG scription list were senr out to civii serv,ants h #r"irr-.i; who agreed with it would subsqribe ;e.h"*-*h; {pple did not would not. ft's not like that in South Africa. Ift;; are a civil servant there, your iob is at risk if,you ;; noi seen to_be pro-gorernment. you subicribe. White in S;;h Mr.penniol spoke at public meeti"g., ;;;;;;; {d:" or tne auctience donat-ed r_noney for what they called the {,Paih For Hain Fund,. mr Bennio" d; Clpe Town; and her husband Mr.John i.;ltd;-aiso-#i6 ";ri;ii"iryE himself active in the anti-Haln ,: ,,r i. * Johannesburg Suttday E*press,,S "arirpaig".J,rrr",iZr.

gllf

Eennioo promieed not to disc;lose'my name fto anJ person, a.{ court of_law, at any time' wiihotrt my prioi lr*rj*: sion. ftrvas_ only a short document, but it got me out of, a trernendously difficult situation two years dter. Wherr this agreement was signed I gave Gerald Howarth and Francis Bennion a revised draft of my sixty-page report'to BOSS
o.r

STST movement. But I

"

.3F{' rxsroB soss'

1:,

ssrrrNc up

FTTDR

narr*.

397

_.fair to stress that when talking to me he insisted that he was l,oopou"d ts the policy of apardreid. He said have worked C-oloured people in several couotries and have a lst'of , "'&ieods arirong them.' doubt if Mr,Bemtiott?e Coloured , &imds would have agreed with his tour of South Africa to ,ernpile erddenct and ftnds to be usd againet Peter Hain. T. e-Janaican gpvernment' certainly.took exception to such sc8vltie* At the time lHr8ennion had a luerative'dro,ooo,,4,l$Sgf ,Con@ct As a @x,coa$ulunt with the Jamaicans, but Sey sacked hi'n on hearing about his anti-Hain canpaign.

troqem v-kdingh@ for the Peter.",Hsin in',Surrey"to, bb pqos*utiotr I gathered th*t,lus wife, Elizabeth' and $re ilfle$ rilEne not in o@isfe g8reemnt over'this move. '&me stgge it caused aseparatiion between Mr Bennioq and hie wife.' '',.'Alf@*A Mr Francis Benn-ioo definitely had close links ,p#r-serqa! people who w.er'clearly anti-Black' it is only
fq,arcie;Benniog'ssildifriErffic
rqige,,,

frb

'I

for Ovsseas Correspondents at rhe House U Cqmffi,*q and in any case even the briefest inquiries at the Natimal Union of Journalists would have disclosed the faEt &et I' was Bn ofr.cer of drat union and that I certainly hsdtgCIt,:
,

boct of my knowledge, and th* if ore had done so he could liave spoken to my laadlirsd, rl.,ho liwrt tn'tlia sasc,thndfuis or to any of my neighboure, who knew I was ntrmisstag. Fr.rrthermore my narne, addresu and telephone ,"ryrbeas were.listed in the Foreigp Prcss Aseociation hsdbook, Iry 1n accredited mernber of the Parliamenqry Asso$1rf;oh

.:;ll:'ftE

disappeared.

"ii:;':,i

Wlln it comes to his views on 1a@, Mr Bennion is dearly ,Wettringof an enigma. For example, whm he was invid to dine with the South African Presrier in r97r, he refused becar:se h knew Mr Vorster had been interned during the
war for pro-f{azi,leaninge
:

The Director of Public Prosecutions mounted a speoal inquiry into my comptaint and discovered- rtd rhe,,;ifr; officer sent to my home had merely knocked on my door when f was out and had thenapparently taken the aftirnoon off to see a cowboy film instead of searctring for me. The upshot was that the DPP sent me a letter-of apology ia whidr he orpressed rgret that thepolicir report i" ttis-p@ segeiofl had been 'inaccurate and conveyed the mieldrdtng irnprecsiell',that I had disappeared. I took-this letttf:,td the Guardian and made strre they publbhed ditails'fsfo:-

it.*

nm get it all hie own way when he ', r Frsngis Bennio+ drd ,,tried to notpt\his prosecution against Peter Hain. A rnagistrates' coudt refused to grant $uilnonseq so he appealed to the High Court. During that hearing it was publicly stated tlrat Mf, Be*rnion'o 'staf, witneos ', a iourualist named Gordon Vinter, had disappeared. To nrake it worse, the Director of Fublic Prosecutions had sent police tomy home to serve a; subpoeoa on flle to atteod court. But something had gone *riousty $xong' and thE DPP stated tbat'ertensive police inquiries have failed to locate Gordon $Tinter'. SuddenlS .tr.ryas e missing Eran, and the Gtmdiart ran a story on 2r Ittray tgTt announcing that. It was all very embarrassing, eo I sst doum and sltote a srong letter of complaint to Sir 'Nor,man Skelhorn, tlre Director of Public Proseortions' telling him that no police office'r had been to my flat to *re

and his friends bdore and during theHain triat. One mondi before, sorneone sent Peter a large envelope by air mail fbm Vienna. It corrtained an explosive devicg which forurnmr{y

!9ry" .'"ry

strange things atso happened

to peter Hain

opened

neutralized by explosives experts. Two months .earlier, Peter Hain disclosed thx he had definite evidence that his telephone was being tapped at his London home and that_ the telephones of ottier leading Yorqg Liberals had also been monitored. In addition ts drfr their letters appeared to have been opened before detivrry. llt,is not clear whether the phone tapping is by BOg$;
-

did not go off, because Peter's sister Sally, aged fifteai, it frorn the bottom instead of the top. fater it was

betrreen the twor'he said.

or,ttreir British counterparts, or by-ionie * 13 JuIy r97r, headlinid

.Apology

*tiut"*&ii

To Journalist,.

j)

,f8 . BRINGINE':DOW.N , ..
, rl,.'

BITNGING DOWN JBRBMY TITORPB

:

395

,, ' TEREMY THORPE

Irrsas making a pot of tea in my flat early one morning in |iane :r97r when the telephone rang, It was Jill 'Bvansr satting*om her office inthe Daily Mhw, lir,Come and have lunch with me and I'11 give you a story thatns right up your murlqy alleyr' said she' witty as ever. . As we piled into a salad lunctrin the Daily Minor canteeo a few hours later, Jill told me something ttrat eventually resrrlted in headlinec all over the worl4 enposed me as a BOES agentr' totally. changed the course of my life, and ruified Jeremy Thorpets political career. Jillgxplained that at'fiieild of hers, Lesley Ebbetts, who freelmrcd on the fuhion'beat fot the Mirru, had introduced her to a young mdle rhodei named Norman Scott. 'He's one of those limp-wristed, pouting pooves,? Jill said, not cruelln but to give me a qtlick visual image of the rrlp--.'He's highly sensitive, rather ngurotic but charnring, Wltty dna intelligent, and he claims he is the discarded lover of lirerry Thorpe. It all sounds rather sordid, not m1' 15e of iorrrnalisnr at all, but ttrere's no doubt he's a voice in the wildemess crying out for help, so I mentioned your name to him and gave him your home phone nurnber saying ybu' were an investigative reporter who might be able to assist
.

his.left irrm he qeffied:a light bro** whipp*r bitc*r whictr also cowered. He was pleasing to look st, tall and alender, with beautifully",qilored cream trouseffi and a$,expe!$ive,

hitn.' Thaoking fill profusely, I renrned to my. flat and an:xlously waitedrfor Nonnan Scott to telephorie. He did so the neffi dqy, $0ednesday, 16 June, at noon. I was so keen I totd him to drive round to my ffat by'taxi and I would pay
the fare. When I opened myflat door he stood there with hg_rigbt' ardl half-raised as if to ward off an o<pected blow. Urlder

of the Liberal Party? Do you know.any top Liberals?' Vhen I said I had once met Mr Thorpe at St Paul's Ca$edral and,pho'tographed him on two occasions, Nofinqq let out a high-pitche{ strangled scream. 'Oh, my God, ffican I trust yon?l . i.'i r':," ' 'Five minutes later, whcn I had calrned.hirn down,

the kitchen and gave it to the whippet. Norrnan appreciated the gesture but I had done it all wrong. The milk was out of the fridge and Emma didn't like her milk cold. .We musr walm it up a bit for herr'he said. IX/hen that was done I began asking Norman questions, but he stopped me in . 'Have you ever met Jeremy Thorpe? Are you a merrber

his whole frame jerked in fear whenever I spoke. The whippet sitting by his feet ierked in unison with him, and it was difficult to tell which was the more neurotic. In an effort to relax them both, I fetched a saucer of milk from

styled to look as though it had not been combe4 mdrrall considered, he could have been taken for a monied Fop,s64l But not when he opened his mouth, The timbre of his voie. , waq sgfC even rnusical, and his cultured English accent wi$, ,,, such that hesounded like a duke, which was thekind ofmqk;..' he felt he should have been born As he walked in hesitantly, his large dark eyes swept my lounge and he opened the door ofthE bathroo& peeping in to make sure it was empty before returning to the ioullge and settling himself an armctrair with araggerateil delicacy. Watching all this, I realized I was ih for a:hard"., tirne. His attitude towards me was. rather like that of a rabbit cornered by a stoat. His lips actually trembled and
.

Jill had been rigbr;,he was oudandishly but his face was ruggedly masculine with a deeply dimpled chin, strong strsuou$ lips and a largg slightly bentnose. His bush of black curly hair wascarefiltty :
.

and black shirt,

effeminate,

snakeskin jacket over a striped har:rd.knitted Fren0h iersey

with.

in

mid-stream.

,'

:
Jer@has plontedpeople m me before, you knorr" aad cfu,,eif'ttlem,etren threetcned:t!rhave me prn away in a mdnd honre if I didn't stop causing trouble.n i: .{t,this poiat it occurrd to na ttrat pehaps Norman

BEINGTNG NOWN Tgrufi,Bi SEERPE

39?

sg

Scqtt'belonged in a mental ho'me, as he ruas clearly paranoid af,qrclt as neuf,otic. He lauached into a venomous tirade .,$ginst Jerenry Thorpe. The outbrrrst disftrbed me- V(hy AiC Ue hste Mr Thorpe so intenedy? ':,'.',I \ras deepty in love with, Jertsry f,qr thfee yearaj he twlied.'S7e were inseparableerd' I thottghloul,,idyllrc *i"&nasfrip would last for tler.:'But he discarded me like a cheap tart and told ne to lesve his flat'] Whien I pointed out that most,qgay' ftieodshipo tended to hG,tpnrpotary' No@sn, lookd horrified. :r,i!:l{,o, ne6 it wasn't like .that with us. It wasnt s lqty ffiuat 6ing. Well, ctainly not:fiom my eide. tr loved him rrd hepromised to look after me for ever andever. He even tori& my.National Insurttrce catd sayinghe would pay the eontributions, and I shouldn't bother myself about mooy as he would look after me.' as, by taking possessiorrof I found this vqy card and paying the wdekly Insurance Notman's National co,pq{bution stamps for it, Mr Thorpe had placed himsslf o6 redord as hlng Norrna$'s enrployer. I asked Norman if :Jvlr Thorpe had errployed him in any capacity or-pdd hirn a wage. nDon't-be fly, I wasn't his below-stairs maid. I loved him, He was my boy-friend and my mentor. Helooked after me. You can call it being kept if you,like. He paid all the orrtgpiags and gave rire rqular poclet money. Wlren we did lump into sqmeone he knew he sometimes pretended I was a fesearcler for the Liberal Party.' ,. ,.Norrnan claimed the friendship had ended when Mi Thqrpe had in'rdted a sailor for tea at the town flat Mr Thorbe rented in Marsham Court, Westminster. Refusing to believe thet the goo&loofting young sailor was one of
'

iMi,TlrotpCs'oorditueae who hail a pciiticd griamncc to air, Norrun threatened to walk out if the saitor &dnot tresvc at once. Mr Thorpe told him not to interfere in his politiel affairs so Nsrmian flounced out in a huff, vowing nvef,to refirn. Vhen he changed his mind a few days lateq Mr lhg"pg w* not interested god bftinked him out corrpletely" It is said that hell hath no fury UI(e s woman scorted sdd Norman was not only furious, 6e was vindictive. IIe thfeatenedto goto the.police andlay a charge allegngMrTho{$B had seduced him. Homosoruality was a serious ofrence.at the time an4 whether tru-e or fake, the case woul,d,U1B received maximurn pubticity; the career of the ufsad; cmning Mr Jererry Thorpe, Libefal MP, would have,bffil
ruined.

One thing can be said for ]ererry Thorpe. He had courage. Risking every*ring, he thnrst bis iaw, otrt md.told Norman Scott to go to hell. Norman backed down and ryent looking for a iob. And this was where the Natiqnal l$suf.,.ance card became a crucial ingrdient inwhat lrter becarc a world-famous scandal., Any person leaving oneiob to tqke,
ansther has to give his new ernployer'that all-importanrt
insurance card. When Nonnan asked Mr Thorpe to retrnl the card he did not oblige Having been threatened oncd, he suspected that Norman wantd the card to show as proof

of their relationship. Norman retaliated. 'If you won't or can't give me my insurance card bacg1, he told Mi Thorpe, 'tr cant get a iob, so you'll have to give, me money to live on.' In the end, Mr Thorpe kruckled under and Nonmaswas given a weekly 'retainer''.for sveral years. But Mr Thofpe protected his back by using a cut-our to pay Norman the money. That man was Mr Peter Bessell, a close and trusted frierd who was the Libsat MP for Bodrnin, Comwall, Whsr I asked Norman Scott to show me prcof of.-tfup palrments, he took a'tani to his lawyen and brought.bg*a" large bundle ofletters.,Reading through them all I hqis' with total certainty that Norman was not ttre pamnoid, netrmtic lunatic I had first iudCed him to be.

-.

,l.Sg$,I$-EI,D|S ,i:': ,The lettrs, many of therarrritten on House bf Commons headed notepapef, cleady indicated tlrat Norrran Scott was

BOSF

,r,,',

.lq'

11,

, ;,;.',,,,,, .:

. ,t, BkTNGTNG DOWN JERSITS TEO3FE . 3,!B

not being paid a weekly retainr as a Liberal party re sea&her. One showed that,Peter Bessell was quibbling dlqot4'Norrran's request for {zoo so th* he could set himFlf up as a male model. He wan,ted {28 for photographer's ftes, nearly f,r6 for a model booft, {4o for clothes, {4o for 'qdvance rcnt, {3T for foo4 gaq and electricity and{i5for a bag.'Mr Bessell had written back saying {r5 for a bag was 'excessirp as you can buy very good suitcases cheaply,at
&trarks and Spencers'.

:fienniry:'iKery ious dats irp$l&r.ag gocsip about top people in Britieh potidcs wllo,are" wnh or mtrdd with Norman Scott was ttre lcads of the hated kbish Liberal Party. And another Liberal MP had bea poyiq
anA haring affairs on the side.t He couldn't hope for betta*r **,ren rhin. The man imlolvctt

eerds suorped br six years. Mr Bessdl had helped by making a personal approach to Mr David Ennals, then Biitainrs Minister of Health. It was all top-drawer stuff. Norman,s probleur was solved, and he didn't even have to pay for the back starnps he owed! Vhile Mr Ennals was dealing w,ith thie matter, Feter Bessell,wrote a long letter telling Norman dlAout these VlP-style arrangemen$. And at tfre end of ffit letterr'also written on House of Commons notepaper, Mr Bessell added a very telling paragraph. He told Norman: 'I havespoken to ]eremy Thorpe and put him in the picnrre :rggarding the present position.' . H. J. van den Bergh's conrment to me that if you sift through the dift you are forced to find a gem onedayl and :perhaps fall into a gold mine now and again, was so true. f was digging dirt here all right and had-ftllen into a gold

In a follOn'ing lettef, Mr Besselt wrote f My reason for doubt about spending as muctr as {zoo is that it does not guarantee a funrre and what I am arNious to do is make oertain that your future is secure.' ' Another eeriee of letters showed that Norman, a little m# model nobody, had nothad to srand in a quzue when he'faced procecution fof not lraving his National fnsurance

I can see you're a busy man, because you harre a up+ answering' derrioe on yorrr telephone.' mld Nonnan that he vould have toallow,ms ro all our @nvwations, although I wor.rld let him srvit&sff my tape recordetr when he waoted to say ssnefhing offthe record. He agreed; not knowing I had another tape fixed up
tlme?

' 'rOhr Gordon, s/hat a $ilde you ar.: I'm so tsribb gtateful to youi Youll norrcr know tb'e strain I've becn under. Nobody will listen to me. Everybody rhioks I'm lying or mad" If I'haddt uret you I rhink tr would have.had a mentat bteakdown. Can you really spaie your,preciols
I

I didn?t nrsfi rtirrind o ny tnndl,w wift the goods nems, ttrough. In order totfulhe whob eirgry neatly f cnrbarked.on,the longest and mosit bearctri$g sgoiog of iatsvibrrs f had,ever done widt one person. Fjrst, I warned Nonnan Soott that if he wamed mC;&:, mount d fuil-scale into his claims agatnlt Jererry Thorpe I would only do so if he agreed to tlt're subiect him to many, hou$ of, gncfiing,quections.,'ltold him he mustimagine he was standingin awitnessbxssttle Otd Bailey while I was an aggressive and cunning &fenoe barister dcterrnind to prove hirn a liar. And, if I caugh him,out in,one;single liq I would stand up,and kik hifir otrt of my'ffat.,I drought Norman would winm andgoid' fey o{r rner:bnt not soj

out (hustr' mony.

4e

in the

cupboard which

I switched on by remote

conctol

mine. Norman Scott's collection of letters was political ,dyr,umite. By. a fantastic scoke of luck I had obtained exactly the kind of smear material H. !. vah den Bergh had old me to look out for when he first sent me to lpy in London five years earlier. IIis words were clear ,in-ny

rvhed he ewitdlcd *re otlrer off. f was deterrrined tocapiirre

wcy,word he.uttered. Thooe'off-the-recordl comihms wqrld be invaluable for BOSS in making an in-dcotr
character assessment of the male model Norman Sffi;;r, .And do the qtfuing starrcO; He came to my fiat&rivo weeks, Bpndingdt least eigbt bours withne every dsyo$

{E4'l INBIOPT,B$6& .: : i ,:.

.l aunaged

cATSrrA BV?rrELszI-It{D'tfr* :era

'

435

zSa,W dollarsr,nceded for Bib'c family to be reptsented at the inquest. This massive injection of frmds helped to cttate huge anti:South-African beadlines in the world press when the incredibly vicious traunnt of prisoner Biko was rposd rurder cross-examination at the inquest. Again, a f,qy;s'orthy can$ej but the CIA benefited by obtainiag treqendous goodwill towards Asrerica from millions of Elacks in South Africawho knew the funds had come from the American I-awyers' C.ommittee. It was also good Ffopagrulda for President limmy Carter and his 'human rights' progamme. ,,, ,H. J. van den Bergh told rne,tltat the CIA was very ,'dficient, as it not only invohrcd itself in this kind of activity but also sifted through the meond and third echelons'in the leadership of Soufh Africa's Black Consciousness. movenents,.ifhe. obiect he was to sift out those who showed qotgnlyleadership potantial but also a willingness to adhere to the Washington line. Such men could be jockeyed up in the. ranks of a movement until they became powafirl

to sirivive in,'spite of a releritless canrpaign of denigration *rneO at him by Fretoria over the last ten years, inchiding at least one fftempt, financed by Pretori*, to depose timBs theleader of the Zulunation and his powerfril :.'r '" and ever-growing 'Inkatha'movment. I am qiite suie that BOSS would have brought Chief Gatsha down if he had not enioyed fiiancial and political support from America. Several aipects of this must'b'' e"ii"i""a. Unlike some Black'leaders, Chief Gatshp.lqs, u"iea"d aid from the Eastern b1oc. He is on reccrd.1.q,.,

'

sairing'f am a devout Christian andhate.everythingtE-., :: Comirunists stand for. I would not accpt one strry ofliiillil:: ,:i from a C.nmmunist country if it rneant swallowing,their
.

' 'So, you see, the CIA backs all the dark horses in,the race so that, whiclrever.motnt wins, America will have a our strategic mineral depoeits ehar-e in the prize money anrd, almost as irnportart, ollr.vaslt and cheap Black labour force,l said I{. J. van den Bergh, putting it atl in a nutshell. rThere is no doubt in my mind that HJ was telling me the

leaders.

Etrth" Quite apart from all the facts and documentatio'l given to me by Pretoria over the years, HJ nwer knowingly lied to me during all the years I knewhim. The only time he gave me inacc.urate facts was when one of his subordinates was inefficient. However, in recounting what HJ and Mike Geldenhuys told me abotrt the CIA's involvemenr in South .Africa" I must add one clear qualifieation. , It is definitely not rny intentioa to open Ctrief Gatsha Buthelezi up to zudr smear headlines as 'Black stooge'or ICIA puppet'. On the contrary. I have met the man, $meried 1s him speak in public and also carried out much rescarch into his career. He is an impressive man who has

ideology.' By the same token he has al{E}ts sorned'grld t"t;;.i nnina* ana ponticat support from ttre sotith ", African govemment - whictr has secretly been ofreted to him on seneral occrasions and in vadous guiibs, mostly- ,.., throush BOSS. He nrrned these steakhy overtures d@[, '1:, ratheithan be a 'sell out' to his Zulu peopte. Chief Gans$ir'1,' , r' trs *t*ayr been a staunch. opponent of Pretoris. 116'i|: ' ' sardent at Fort Hare he lo*; iif.u Nelson Mandela attd ."' Oliver Tarnbo, expelled for agitating against apardreidVhen Buthelezi agreed to form -Zulullnd as a Sornh African 'homeland' he was branded as a Black traitor by African guerrilla movements. But the truth here is that he a willing accomplice. \X/hen Pretoria first was in no way -sening

prop*"a

the

sruUbornty opposed

tnsuccesshrfylused every conceivable stratagem to itnSe it did he capitulate. And even whelr he became the political leader of his territory he used his inaugural speech to emphasize the fact that the scheme had been forced on hh people because they had no alternative - Pbinting out that there were q many Zglus as Whites in South Africa he openly warned the South African gorrfn:' ment that if they wanted their poliry of 'separate Agog!11 ment' to work they had better give the Zulus more l"n4- PIe insisted that if Zululand ever did become truly indqiegdeiit

.f thai homeland Chlef Gmshe it "i for ten long years. Only after he hed

"

'

'

''

-436

INsTDB Eoss

q GATSrra BUTIIELtsZI AND ',trI{E era 437',

':.

.was still boss and master: .W. powerlessnesg. Full human rights is just not a demand,'he said. "

it would have to be a non-racial country, with Whites fiving thele alongside Blacks on the same citl;enrt ip r""*r. ., eQur yoyng people_say tfre VrJrite rrran Iru, pi"vJ Ooa too tory. I wanr fuJt rigtts for orvriff"*a *V luman people,, he bellowed-. But, tougl as he was, Buthelezi showed'his flair for diplornacy 6-v that pretoria

Geldenhuys told me that, the Afriqan*funerican:'I4'gtitute

;; ;;; ittfu;;;

"*"i"i"g oio*"-io*

front organization, aimed at bringisg u, to b"u, ott Black.l&ders througlr9ut Africa as well 'rr ,ui*a-tpot ing and helping to create Black leaders sr-hoi in gratitudie for multi-milliondollar aid, would l1e1'req3.V th# aid by setting up open or secret political liak$ sti*l

crn

*irt,

a position

of

Washington

'

jI
I

"t-tfri,

,tug!,

anct movements. Their aim is the eventual overthrow ofthi apartheid regime and they t*" *rr"i"u"iia .rr.u can set. nrhether it is paid in r_oubles or dollars. Some of ttrem eien take both. _'O.ng thing is clear in my mind, however. Chief Gatsha, Buthelezi is both loathed ana feared by pretoriar.and the leaders qf regime will definitety come to *6 tfre ary 4"! they pushed this unusual Btack warrior into the tidt h, in the first p1ace. He is a remarkabre Aei"il reader and a man towatch,

- The irony of all this is that shortty after Buthelezi made ;{iel speeoh, the-CIA. (according to BOSS; decideJ il;; & rnan worth cultivating. ,I {o not (now wheiher, wjren Buthelezi accepted the hanj.gf flieg{slip from America, fr" that the CIA could be behind it, But I anl sure that """fiea as urr.*peJ"n"J politiciaa he rnust have been aware of a iavourite pretoria saying: 'Without strong politicd ,uppo"t *;; ilir# an$ can achieve nothing, but wittr ii annrrfic " i;G;ibl": ,, Euthelezi almost cenainly accepted aid frori W;shing on rbecause he felt there was no other quarter he could fluh to f-orthe support he needed i" tis wa, apartheid. The yle nrobably holds^true for other "gairrrt frfu"t-aiiic* feaaers

Sit""-tS6z ttre African-American Institute has spent'm estimated-2o million dollars on Black educational prqr'

'

i"a *"-U.riof So"tt AfricJs recognized liberation rnqrF* the: A.$J ;;* il l"ttulf of the State bepartrnent administers the Southem African Stugerlt Programme (SASP), which was launched with the aid sf the CIA' PaI of this"ptan was to 'corner' the coming revolution in iootn"m Africa by training Black exiles leady {or iobs in tfrr-po.r-r"uolutionaryr gJu.ttl*"tttt'' According to' its *ttrut report of t97t, AAI had, up to tha!time, sperrt '{?' *ruio" dollars.on sebp. The AAi also adrnits thati!'4ftq.

grammes, huge amounts being set aside for political refugeqs

adviser to several other Black 'hornelpqd' ;ilit;rcc)' -itis.utfr Africa as well as Chief Gatsha Butheled' f""a"t* Geldenhuys' office at BOSS headin Mike A; i sat q"** that day, he gave me further proof that the CIA had used the aAi"att-I*erican Instinrte' Mike showed mepresident'of ;;;tt of a public staternent made bl the first rg97' In this

irt"

IvIr Nielson admitted that the CIA had definitely "tut.*um rJriJu"a ttt" Institute when it was founded in 1953 aqd il;;tyears after that. He admitted he was consciorn'
had gone'to

A'ai Mr Wlaldemar Nielson,

in February-

oi,te:?iitt"t""t i-p*al".i and impropriew' the 11c1r -of CIA Cla fu"ai"gs. BOSS told me that since then

asrung me to write an

-article saying that Colin Egtin had slyuted by the African-ii.irefi"* i"i*iroru. Not so. |91r rt rs aII relevant, because senior BOSS operative Mike

spelling that ou1 I may h4ve seemed to be deviating Yn'it: g.T,tV flom the r-nain point of the story-aUout BOSS

ixreme lengths to c9v9r up its involvemgrt it the fact iemained that the AAI continued but ;h" iAi, iot"-tt"aunv dependent on IJS governme-nt money, whic'! was channelled-through the Bureau of Education, a4d Cultural Affairs of the Department of State, the Agengy tpr l-Jo"atm"f Development (AID), plus the Fo{ Founda' tion, , the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Rocketiilhr

f.ij1i11,r,

,,

,.,

:'.',-

; t|{dr}-s

-'

.aqSS

''

,'

' .:'

'

::: '

:::

' o^trHo BUTuB1EzI AND,l:Ttls:cra"

4e$

ft'minaied and funded the International Studend

U_

National Student Association CNSA), which was later to admit it had been heavilV- penetrated and funded by the CIA,,,asg *rryugh wtricli th CIA naa compietJy
C.orr-

gqve me a poned history of a well-known American Bldck who worked as a CIA agent for many yean. The man.was |ames 'Ted'Harris, whJ was clwerlyJsed in a rerna*abG 'revolving door' sysrem ofinterchangeability that exists in oertain key American public and private services. i:rln the late r94os Harris was *le-President of America's

Eldqining how suctr irestige O*ta"ri."r-"""ia-"*ly be deceived by the CIA, a senior BOSS opertative once

Ftiundatiorir the, Carnegie :{brporirtion'of New yo,rk, drc Neil A. McConnel Foundation and the C-ommins Ensine Found*ion grants. According to BOSS, several of ttese foUtdations had, at various times and in various ways, with wfuithout their knowledge, been used as CIA corriuits.

ioined.the A&iw-Aqerican lil$dtute' wnere he direeted hAA programme" and.travelled tlequs,rtly to various pans of Ali:ica" He left the AA! in r969i present whereahus unknown (to BOSS). After being complltely briefbd by Mike Geldenhuys and Hans Bnrmrier on the subject of the story I was to wrife
about the African-American Instinrte warning ChidGa$ha

'

U"&

Buthelezi not to travd to Ethiopir wi$ @is Eglin' I weot: * H. J. van den Bergtr'sbffice arid gave him a quick run-through of the story I intended mounting. tff t*ii"O as he listened but then added a lote of wgqti': ing::To protect us being seen 9s your source I zugge'sc ygr sdte in ylur article tlot yoo obtained all your informuim from a woman in Anieri& who is either friendly or w,qq'k-s

ferenc CISC) and the C-oordinating Secretariat of National

*sistsnrdentleaders inthe Third World (and was usai Uy the CIA to thwart C;ommunist influence on various,other

master's- degree at Princeton on a Whitney Scholarship arrbnged bl.h" CIA. Later:he moved to E-gypt, working rtEre on a Ford Foundation Research Schotarship. rr'::Back in America again he later ran itr" Cff-f""a"A Itihign Student Leadership Program, which was set up to

to Creneva, where he served as Assistant Secretary-General for the Woild Univer. srty Sqvice (WUS). Reftrning to America he tooft a

nions of Students (COSEC). :In the early r95os Harris moved

fingef, on the pulse of the resurgent African independEnce rlrot&fnents.

r,'Xn 196r

African Ctrlture (ASAC), one of the most prestigious Black groups in America whi0h had secretty teen nrnaea artd manipulated by the CIA as a means of keeping its
Harris returned to the Ford Foundation, which
1966 he

student bodies). Harris then started working forthe Arnerican Society for

he senred

in Kinshasa, Congo, for two years. In

with somone in the Africarl-American Instinrre. Keep it vague but make zure you insert sonrethlng of that qstnre to Ai&ance the Bureau from yotr. One otherlhing, don'! break the story until five or six &ys before theAfrican'Amerigp*' Instimtl's conference opens in Ethiopia.l . , :,iil: I was told- Orr + Ocmbq 1973' L'1,$: I did exact$ ts Soutn emo *a g"*'bsck to London. I held $e,etqry ry two moflths and thq-r cabled it to the Johannesbur-ts Syful ' Express* six:days before the Ethiopia cqdernce. It wgp beautifully timed .and according to H. J. van derr'Bergh, had'maximum effect'. Mr William f,otter, the Presidem of the Afticq3: Amerien Institute, tried to cast doubt on my stof'y by' telling the Rmd. Daily lvlailthat he could not reca[ haviqg :aauisla Chief Gatshi'to travel to Ethiopia alone. Sut Cslis Eglin did rrot try tt wriggle out of it by using.dip[oqrytic g;'bulea9gook- He was tionest and said it was irooic *tat' ftftue gdct and White leaders were willing to travel to Ethiopia togethc, '\Fhite liberals in the United States ;hfie upd* to ntta this ioint venture undesirable" lvtr nglin oilluded: 'Honr Mr Vorster must be chuckling'n ,' '.:.','' ',: How right he was. * z5 Noveobcr 1973, headlined 'Eglin Frozen Out'Of $bfufmm

,,{:,1'

,fl

Meting'.

' ':'

'. t'

':,.

!
i.

of believe Winter obtained copies of all those ' , Iettersdon't from someone in America as he claims. I fear tre goi I
them from someone much nearer home., :: BOSS also related to me details of a telephone conversatbn that $/i[iam Cotter, speaking from America, had with :'$otneone in South Africa. He said, and I quote his exact wofds: 'This- journalist in London a"ntituty aiO bopies of the lettersfrom any woman in America. That,s-all ""ig.i hokum.' Yes, it was. But Mr Cotter knew, as did BOSS, that hp ' could hardly kick up a fuss about the whole *"tt* * h" would hAve been exposing the part played by CtrA operbtivp Fdward Holrnes, who acred as a cover aidreos foi Ctrief ''tGatsha Buthelezi. It may seem contradictory to some readers that while H" J. van den Bergh and the CIA had a friendly working relatlonship - as will become apparent later - the'CIA stil involved itselfin clandestine operarion$ agaiiret the South

. ,

heard from BOSS later that Colin futin had been shodced and hurt by my story. But he was no fool.. He knew d,irty wo1! was afoot. BO S S told me they had bugged a telephone call at Mr Eglin's home during which he iad ogid.words to this effect:

Unneceeeary .Public,ity? tacfic

rtom: u&ieh baft

sidcs
tl

$ ^

benefit.'

said rhe had employed thh ectic ott.$utnerous oc"a.iionr, not oirly with the IA$ut'also with British and

HI

I
,i

ii'

did not have one up my sleeve against thc Americans they would throw my exposed agent to the nwspaper wolv99, a4d South Africa would get a hiding in

French intelligenoe.

'But

if I

/,

f
)

i
I

the overseas media.' of tit for tat, HI:sid:l@: In.this nwer-ending game -were often used wheo one'$.P myself Uke iournelists ,nirn"a to give the other a gentle kick in theteeth. Aqd.$H[ was the real zubtlery behind BOSS grviag *u 16qi$pffl about the Ethiopian wnferene.. On the one hand BOSS was:disclosfurg a subiect Pith tlre intention of causing public ernbatrasameot tothe banal Progressive Parqrleader Colin Eglin and the equal$-hatod African-Americas lqstiarte. Qn the other' BOSS wtg it ww,awrle; ' diplomatically' letdng \ffashington know .that Cnesha Butholezl',: of_Cfef dppott of ihe CIA's secrat

African government.

, {l once explaingd this to me by saying that.all foreign lntelligence networks play the same game. Whatever forh , of llaison $ey hgve rlrith foreign p"wJr, all play dtfty ;;k;
on tqg
side,_

::I

according to HJ.

the CIA being the very worst

offenAer,

He'told me: 'Let,s say the Americans catch up with one 9f my non-admitted agents operating in the States. They immediate$ and say they are going to -cgn-taqme my agent publicly. They tell me this in advance in "*por" case I have something up my sleeve which I wish to horsetrade. . , off I have something which could be embarrassinj-to .Washington_I_ tell them so and we do a deal. f t iJ q-"iei abeut what I know and they kick my agenr out of Amirica without any fuss being made. It,s- called the ..Avoidinl

'i.*I'

could coi.lntries. under false identhies;.The agents obvioruly

passports; rtt ry* case' British ill'*tty s*lrt arri"*in-the first place,.Briiish prysports

;-"*t il best, because, glu"t states and, secondly, most o*"." for suspicion i" Af;i*;s^speak English. sJrii; - -gtotgTrrlf.. J.van den Bergh had a secret arfangemertt *[il;;;# slnioi cerman potftician (9r $erqan Ftellir false G.e.rman
assignment for BOSS in London was to spend three months compiling a list of British children who had diedat a very early age so that South African intellig: ence could obtain passports,,in, their,narnes. BOSS also asked me to submit a detailed f,eport on the safbst possible method of app$ing for such falsi passports. By disclosing this I realize thar I arn inviting possible prosecution should I ever wish to return to Britaiirr-but my rno$vetfor doing so is rwofold. Apan from illustrating thl ,devioushess of BOSS, f am'sure the British secudry pJople .ry.ill wish to mounr an investigation into the sub;ea. f im therordy person outside BOSS who can disclose ihe names ofall those dead children. British security cannot trace thern ]v.rtqout my help'because when I applied for the nccessary birth certificates at Sornersel House I gave false names ani addresses. Even BOSS does not know the false names and addresses I used, so there is no way anyone can erase my applications from the records at Somersit House. It would algo,be totally impossible for British secudry to weed out sll the application forms by checking them with my fingerprints. BOSS told me that my assignment.was so top secret that-.I should wear gloves at all times when handling thb application forms. Apart from that, trying to trace the 6rms in this way would be a formidable task;ihousands of birth certificates are issued by Somerset House every month. - lTo start at the beginning, B O S S asked me to fiace about fifteen childryn who had &ed in Britain between the years rg3o 1946 twenry who had died in the years r95o to _and -tq 1957. The official explanation given to me was tfrat ti6,SS wanled, to send secret agents tb operate in Bleck African

My last maior

"""", p"sp"n-. Buithese wit" not much use if our agerlt d-id not Ip"-[ g*A German, and English-speaking South Afrl'cans 'r r: r;ir rarely do.

ot bottr) whereby BOSS could obtain

'

iif i:",
,hr,if.l

Vhen BOSS instructed me to start my search for desd'' PH!.,I: nams inf;; theysaid I should avoid famous 4u arso I was like' the and Profurno Keeler, Vassatt, Churchill, or Igwish names' ;iil1" ;hildten with foreign-sounding i*?ti" t*t out obviously gritish ntlmes, the tnore cofn:r
mon the better.

:irr::ii

lLL:

*icrinm copie of the British newspaper

from 1785. arrv m"mU"t

St-frsrtins Sffeet near Leiccster Square'

My first call was to the

Centrryrl

Referype Libralf in
Tfte Times dstlng

Tl"ti.th:y,H:

libfarian trouble'rv-hatsoever' gain access to these files' The

;f

th" pubiic can' withgl-t-3g

""t .oretendedlwasastudentdoingathesisonmoder.nhistory
"fin"-irtt""v ;il;;;6yit
looked.

Jo*

ask

for proof of identity or even ]our lrafior

-*-Jin" riutarian led me to three proiectors in a far corner

and showed me how to usg them' In Bnothr of shelves u sequence' I chose-tneyearly in and dated neatly microfilm,-in was not over: the-far right-hand corne.r proieaor

"^i'^tott**t

b*lLg-q$

I did not **i*yoot to.notice/that I was applying regular feat'tre in -v."tit"itt" b"atttt column which is.a
the Chief Librarian ;;;" ;om" kind of agreement with making a longanvone of taken is ;;";;t-;p;;iJ notici column' Deaths the . :'rrl' tiitav of i** - ilt;ili wasa long-term iob. I-sat at that proiector for"e To reduce pmsible
couole of hours

*-lt*

flte flmes,It occurred to me that British security miglrt iust

il;#;

"i""y ttrt micronm-of rhe Tdzes kept x the I il;;sJ

otit"t day'

,llt
.,i',t*t,.'
tiiti..,
.il'

'FArse BRrrrsH PAssPoB.Ts:!+orl'sg$$'

#:

-::'

:rnsr"

llbrary. I kept ii*ll *rnyrfrom the C*rnden ,Libmry as one q the 'rlssistosts there was ex@refyriosy , I s]furmed the Deaths colinryrs until I found an infant riiho had died. If it was more ttran a year old I was usually
lvlarvletnne
Reference

W,,nen I stenen my omch I dodded &n,sa'festfffit# woutd beto apply for my own Birth Crrtificat

lrtterested, as this increa$ed the risk that the parents rnight have applied for a p:$sport for it when going on ho{idays ebroad. Quite often it was infuriating to nna tne &sth of a child mentioned without its parents or address fting given. This meant theie was not inough data for me to use when applying for a Death Ceitificate at Somerset 'Fft,use. I had to apply for a Death'Oertificare to ensure that drc infant had acnrally been bom in the United Kingdom, otherwise it might nm bc ci,*ltled.to a British passport. One of th9 thitrgs I qtiicftly realized during my oearch

my'sister-had tUi*, f ""ntr.mne""Arhat a child' tr started eeairhi4g when still *r*"---n'G-filo ut Somerset llouse for -thq details eo {iat f coula apply for a Death Certificate ia her name - ag$nr

G. en*-iiittg dfJ;i;;;t*""I"

'

;i;#;myselfwiththeProedure' - . fm definitcly.

c-oinciSome people are tor """ia*i-1itoo.; looking files the As I ran my finger down Aqtr Pasicia the narne fouad I At" yd."imv sister's birth fflirito. This child had beeo born to my mothern Anns

Winter, formedy Roe, itr Chesterfreld' Derbyshire' ln

Mrch

''wes

had sften. etso placed a notice in the Birrhs columniwhen -the ctfrld had been born, This was rremendousty useful, bergus people give more details when a child is born. :,,r',ftfts1 two hours at the microfilm proiector I would take dl *ry noteo round to Somerset House and obtain funher ffiailS about the dead infant from the huge rqistersrof births and deaths freely amilable for publicserutiny- This was vitelly irrportant because I had to be surc the chitd had lrcudly existed: I mentioo this because, during the three
'rhoihrhs

that pcopld.who phced death notim m Tlu

Times

deferal children who had apparently died bur did not exisr ,in'the official files kept at Sbmerset House!'At tlrc rime I presunred they were bastards (of the bom-out-of-wedlock kind) or the parents had not bothered to registei their births..ttrThatever rtre reason, it rnoant I could ddnittty nut

I spent doing research at the pmiector, I found

apply fo'r that all-irnportant pieoe ctr psper, the Birth &rtlficate. ,.

Searching out all the necessary background details about ,$innetimes six or seten cases that had seemed perfia whJn S:ftirmd drem in the Deaths c:olumns all turned out useless ofu'I:checked on ttrem at Somerset House.
,

ddad'children was hard work and often very exasperating.

Tbere-ilust be sorre mistake' I ttrought' I ncver had' a sister named Patrieia. The files at Somf,set House were' was narirod ;;ilit wrong. The sister I was looking for j*tt en-v wi"io. But iust to.be on the safe side I applied ior a girth Certificate in both natues' Jean and Patriciryi fn*t was no mistaka Pauicia wss my sister, aad shet*d" "'i' le$Uy adopted ehonly after herbirth'''"'': been --cbd;&.gr"ao* all popF rvtv m91ferf. formcr convit girl who wls $o terribly respectablg rha *n" ott almost prlssp She'd had an afair aod'an ittegitisote ;hid.-A shamefirl ttting ittaoa in the 'r99os' I was o?erwhelmed with sadness,-as I'could not talk to my mothm aUootit; she had died in 1963. But there was.a sense of grcqt' rne also. I had an unknowu sister, thenq8ied iloii"*!"t in rWhere was she? \ffas she married? Did $he tttitty-t""*. was only one way to find gT':sq Ttrere hav'e-childrecr? diabolical' il;aw; to find her.,Forget ic Omcianom was about a them o9t-of ;heri y"" tried to pump-infonnation months three for battled I adopted been i*tto had sucoeeded" not "ftia have l stiltr this day to and iudcia tr""t to -a list of about thirty dead British Afd oompiling .obtafing Birth and Death Certificates fur al[' ana "nifatin pubmiaed in to BOSS- Thev had dscidied in" ;itd I *rJ it would .be too risky for me to appty for Se actwl passports; they said g-rottrer BOSS operative wottld <!o

1935.

;:of

ll:,'ri

j;:i": ,,ed6

), i '.

' lNsllltr s.o$s

. ,.

..

,-

FALsE

snitlsE pAsspoRr$',f,o,:Boss'

'' 1.
d,4?r -..
:,
:r

applying for the false passports. * , .i'One problem was that : ,git,.a anyone getting a passpoft has to diable witness to sign the-applicltio" f"^"- *e; pe b-ack of the passpoft p6otograpfru.-This witness could be a lawyer, doctor or.Justie of the peace etc" who would p+q he had kr9* ihe appticant for a number fi;. A-simple but cunning way round this was for the applicarrt "f ' . 'to {alsely sign a doctor,s name o,tr the form and submit the passport application at a time When he knew that a""t", ' y.ould be awaf on holiday. t tota BOSS .f,",,fr" p"lrp"ri Office qften did not bother to make a telephone io c.hecl-c the "uU ai4 identity of thewitness but if in tniri"." tnuy the doctor's regqtionisr yguld orplain that her *rpt"y* was auray on holiday. Taktng into account the fa& ttat bureaucrats like toget rid of a problem quickly, passport ,. : Office official would.almost cirtairrty pustr thethe tfrough rather than hang on to it for-a month, f toti "ppfi"ririo" n OS S thar the best time to alply: for false passpofis was May,

that. Brrt my work was s 'il not complete. BOSS asked me to make discreet inquiries amongst my friends in the Britjsh:criminal underworld,to fini out tt" raf.ri ;;y;

ttrre.'first ftw months qf,its Ii&?,I was t!*mpted to question by saying,'YourBOSS oiperatio *t the answs go"* tn ooiler* that paispok wil qlre go to iail' But the ldl

it dtrtitg

' io*oe" -was sirnple. You don't harrc to go to qollect tlre. i', : passport; you cai have it sent to.you by pmt if yorr@r " to get sornbone to rents
trn vicw of this, I advised BOS$ small fumished room in Lnndon's Earls C-ourt di$tfid'

doctor or.a lawyer, I_once signed *it rer", fb";y;;; ". British " woman who applied for a (genuine) p"rrport. I ait not make py false statement; f gave my futlname, address ancl telephone number, and I cleady stated, in block my profession was ,A iournalist''. N"b;; "".pirf,r, 1!rat telephonid me to check, and the girl o6tained t"r f"mp# within seven days. Sorne smart aleck at BOSS hiaa_ quarters thought that was hildrioirs. He sent me a uttte noie sayjng:_'!fl.e hope that girl doesn't tutn out to be a deep, cover KGB agent., I think he was iokinsThe only reiraininq n"oUrg* i* dO S 3'i" applying for a ^. passport was: what.happens in the unlikelv Ju"rit false tfr"i the parents of the child who died applied for a iassport for

fune-an{ July; the oth"i"t. "t nf," Fassport office are inundated with.app]ications dlring this pre-holid"V prriua. Proof that the passport Office does- not back can begained froln the fact that, althqugh "fwa!" "n""t i;;r;;;

'....,] where many large houses offer ternpmry The room would have to be rented under an assumednarlle , ' ''.'i for iust one week and then vacated. Before returnilq $ttuy, {or the f,ront door of the house, the tenant should havq s..' ' is that some ef those hougq$;,,., -"a" "f it. The trick herehigh ""pV and have up to,thi8tyr'"'' Court are six floors in'Earls tenants living in thern. The postman cannot be expected-to climb six flights so he pushes all the letters through the letter box in the front door. The caretaker of the block . places all the lefiers on a large table in tlre hallway for the . '' i""*ts to sort through. ThiJpracrice is followed by ecofq r'f ;. oitouro in Earls C"un. All6ur BOSS agent would'hgfe':. ir' to do, after vacating his flat, was to apply for a passport flfid j:' :' *f fot it to be poitua to him at that address. A difeqgrt BOS S agent could then let himself intothehouse erreryday, using thJduplicate key, and look to see if the false paseport "*riu"a. if it h*d,-*d he was quite sure the house was 'i ftuo .'. not under surveillance, he could pocket the envelope con' taining the passport and walk out with it. There would h no iifrctty in iecognizing the envelope, as he would tnow ' ; the name oithe persbn it had been addressed to. In anf caser'' cleady, envelopqs large browq in the passports arrive martea 'bn Her Maiesty's Service'. Evea if the house was under suryeillance by suspicious Passport Office officials, " ..i or the police, and our B O S S agent collecting the ry11p-gf was ariested, he could only be clrarged with theft. His photograph was not on the passport and he could clairq : ' iot toin^o* anything about ii. 'r said thry and idea marvellous BOSS thought thfs was a would definiteft adopt such.a procedure. But I was tqt::ln Britain when this was done. One week before the Bfitish
. ,

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gancral electisn in February ryT4rTsubmitted my massive dossie*.on ttre fererrry Thorpep{orrran Scott a&ir to the $undry fuople newspaper, as requested b,y BOSS. Thetr, ota8,Sebnrary, I cast my vore for the Conservative Party

Three ,
EXPOSED

"

and'irnmedistely drcve dourn to Southampton to board a liner bound for South Africar After seven long y6ars as a BOSS spy in London, \firfier was coming in-from the cold * back to the glorious smshine.

The voyage back to South Africa on the Eilinbnsh Cattre was a time of great happiness for me but not for,a very beautifirl young woman who kept away from most of the other pasiengers. Shg always looked sad and only gavea fleetin! smidwhen served at mealtimes by a steward. $&9 lay aloie on the top deck every day o<posing her dehctable figure to the sun in a modest swimming costttlll. At nighq rfr" r"t in the library reading or played a quiet game d bridge with a group of much older and more s$ate prypl-e; Eiery Romeo on board, and that included most'of 'the ship's officers, tried to chat het up, but sh9 slapped'thern down. She used the name Miss Marlene Smith, but I kaew her real identity. She was Madene Drummond, the ex'wife of Melvyn Drumrnond, who once worked fo1 thg -Sgryh.. African biplomatic Service at the United Natio,ns, AESP was a man who would have given his last breath for Sotrth Africa- until he went to work in America. Then somahing quite traumatic happened to'him. First of all his marriage to Marlene broke up and endd in divorce. Then he realized that Black people were not inf,Erior, as the brainwashers in Pretoria had led him to believe. He iacked in his iob and married a very prttlr girl named Diana Ramrattan' The marriage made world heedhe was a lines. The newspapers grabbed at the fact 'that skin was. former apostle of apartheid yet his new wife's Black. The South African goveillment tried to cover up is

'Mr Drumrnond was onty.a very iunior diplomat anyway.' It was a feeble answer but it reassured most of the White voters in sunny South Africa. 'A shy girl, Marlene w.as terrifled of returning- * |o,frft Africa, wiere people would surely point t her and whicfp9: iShu*". Thatis the poor' girl whose husband ran off'witha
acute embarrassment by saying

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i.. :TEXPOSBD

. 4jI

Black.',But eventually she ptrucked up courags and decided to face it out.by_sailing back to the land of ralal purity. Shi *:tEr,thade it. Marlene was,.ftiund dead in her catin a few ,bdrrs after we sailed into tha rnajeslic Cape Town harboui ;. ; The police were baffied. There was no r"Sg*,io" .play and a post-monem exanrination failel-to rweal "if."i any *-.rtp cause of death.In,her home torvn ofDurb;rh;i 4f ..gtill ialk in hushed tones ebout Marlene. :Shame. She was that lovely Sfhite girl who killed hrself by;r6;";; dsce of untraceable poison,,becauce her husb-and ran oe irO a Black.' 'qnigd ' , .That's South Africa. i I was met off the ship by Theo Riectrsbieter, a senior BOS S operative based in Cape Town and a personal friend of General H. j,.van dcn Bergh. Ifith,him were tpo Black policenreo in plain clothes. They were there to carry mv twenfy-five suitcases and trrelve sea trunls to *iitirrl tnrck. Theor wc there to stoef, me-tfuough " *f, "ortorrt. innnlgratioa formalities. There werre hilo good rasons for

tmpted to say BOSS had:boryht it but I di&I'n Then slre ' showed her true colours. ' 'Comi on, you slimy sod, at least say no comment. I'U look a right arse if I go back to my paper without,a single quote.' ' i *r*"ted by turningmy back and walked into thst"most sacred room in any newspaper, the editor's private ofrF. Keeping my hands over my mo-uth I winked at the editon and sat down. Viv Prince barged past a protesting secretgf,y and plonked her backside on my editor's desk. 'Ilrn not leaving until that scurvy bastard gives me arl,
,:'l,l:

, :

I .

.pq,,Oae yas that my trunks containeJmany buggfi 'ds$iffi,,

my journalist olleagues were agog. SermA fril ""p"*"o dval p-apers tried to interview m", Uut there was a simple way of dealing with them. I iust plaaed my hand ou"r, *y msuth and kept it there until they left. Say just one word to thern and lhy turn it into an exclusi# intenriew; say ncttring and you hrye therr licked. They c*nt very weil rcil tfreif readers that yqu never unered a word. i .me toyg!$ iournalist to approach me was Viv prince, wlio workcd for the Rand Dcily Mait. I knew she was eecretly lookingfor blood, so I put both hands to *y *o.rit 1nd: kept thern there. Oozing qharm, she said I looied very fitralrd n&ere did I ger that-beautifully cut suit. I *as veri

vmious transmitters and a largp cqltftio;,o? pditical books banned in Souttr Africa as-.&rnmunisdc,. The other-reasol cry ttry any persou n&o has bcen officially deported from _South Afria canaot technica[y rerurn. : No wonder, thn, that when I travelled up io Johannestnngand started workon my old paper, the Sundiy Express,

interviewr'she declared. ' The editorscreamed in furV and bulldozed her out as he.r' mouthed obscenities. Resourceful Viv had the last TVotdr though. In the Rand. Daily Mail next day she hadra story headlined'Deported Man Allowed Back'.* trn it shequoted a top pa$sport official as saying 'If you are deported you' snouH stay out.'That spokesrnan knew what he was talking about. He was Mr C. Lindeque, a secret and top*.fury4 BOSS agent in the Department of the Interior wtlor: oiias ana expulsion srders f]om [*ar"atr-.h" "i.tv den Bergh'S mob. BOSS never takFs General H. J. van chances. It has one of its men planted in every important
I

government

Working on the staff of my qld paper again was restly still great. Johnny fohnson was still editor and he -waswith Enioying that sarne old secret political love affair Premier John Vorster. Johnson covered fo1 me by telling tlre staffof the Express that he had'persuaded'Vorstqf to let me back into South Africa. It was a lie, yet rnost people in the newsroom believed it. Finally, the South African Associated Newspapers board of directors got wise to Johnson and decided it was sick' of his political behaviour. He was eased out within six months of my reftFn. He went on to run a magazine for Blacke cnlLed Hh. Only years later did the South African pub&ic discover that this-magazine was a secret goveurment ftgft * z3 March rg74. .';,''"'.,.
,

dePartment.

ir,

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,,,1

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,'452 ',ii$rgtDts,rloss

:
reoeiveA

EXPOSED' 453

for subde.propaganda and had,been illegally finaned by hetoria from taxpayers' money.
lotmnnesburg Sutrday Express I was appointed the military correspondent of the paper. This enabled me and my camems to enter Army, Navy and Air Force bases all over itrc ountry as well as iecret raaar bases hidden de"p ground and top secrer afirry camps doaed atong""aerSouth Africa's borders. During this time I flew round thelountry ' 9g Bropaganda missions with Mr pik Botha (now the , Minister of Foreign Affairs and Information) and the 'Defence .rdr$r;;";; p. today

, . -

me?'
I

The frst lnWiedge i fuacf, of, ail rbis:, filG'whec i a radio telephone catt, on' the 'liner Elkris, I in the port of; Buenm Aira, The line mchsred was it was rather crackly, and a voice eaid 'Hello, Diapr ftry1 BOSS oodename). 'It's Kitt Y*atzin here, can you hear
:

Minister, i,r" $r. the South African Prmrier. p.

While working_on the Exprbss I met a smart young rtpo*er named Wendy Kochman. She was attractive anI ' .irruCligent - and a bteeding-hean liberal. It was love at first
for weaning me away from BOSS , Those really were the days of wine.and roses, f wm prfl$ryarly dZoo a rnonth from the Express, and {zoo a tnonth from BO$S, plus expenses, althbugd t ai? v.ry little work for ttrem. I drove a BMW car irnponed from ,Gerrfiany and occupied a ltrxury suite in orre of yoharrrre.',' ,It was all so good that for my annual leave in .Tanuarv 1976 T boarded a liner for a four-week cruisins troliaai, round Brazil, Uruguay and the Argentine. Wfrle t was ttrere the Jserny Thorp scandal broke in Britain, and :Fleet Stretrs Daily Minor gave methe hiding of my life by ,lmblishing a sflasf, front-paie rtoty op*i"g-*" *'" iudt .BOSS agent who had .campaignia for fivJ years to p"rt *le Jremy Thorpe story into the headlines., *
tgZ6:.-h.1dt}:d _.Thorpe,s Hunter Exposed. [.fhe] _ Mau Who Tried To lfreck The Liberais,.
3_r_January

several exclusive stories, btit he never liked me. He knew was very cloee to Genetal H. J. van den Bergh, a man he detedted and later brougtrt dov,"n.

\J(/; Botha gave me

B"A" *n"'1,

trcard him all right but I knew it was aot Kitt Katzln, the news editor of the Johannesburg Swrday Exprxs.It was the very. farniliar voice of General Hendrik vdn den Bergh. In rwo minutes flat he g&ve me a precise breakdown of cihet had beeo published by ttre British Daily Minor and tht*-' , said should refuse to accept any radio telephone alts'-

,,

which came to ttre liner. Forewarned is fonearmed. tlfhen I reiurned to South Africa HJ told me thst thc' British Prime Minister Sir Harold Wilson had personally leaked that story to the Daily Minor. HJ also rnectiohed
'

'

sight. I wooed her stealthily, and today she is my wife and ;hother of ourrwo children.tshe was also mainly rlsponsibb

; howthis had been ' But not to worry,' he said. 'Wilson dare not stand,qp md; say it in public, because he knows we have a nasty srnack,iti , tte teettr for him if he doas-' One of the smacfts Bi.OSS had ready for Haiold Wilsflt: ' was a full dossier about a sor scandal at top level in Bri which HJ said would'make the Christine Keeler business

done.

wofnan

look trivial:. Involved in the scandal wa$ an attrqcti\rc CIA operative who worked in a 'sensitive area of

burg:s five-star hotels.

Whitehall' and who had slept with at least five or six British Members of Parliasrent in order to 'gather information ftir th CIA'. At least three of these MPs had also-becn involved in sen orgies in a London house end BOSS,tud various photographs taken in a first-floor bedroom ofthat house, including snippets of a movie film showing uro of these MPs together on a bed wifi nvo naked womsr - one a beautiful brunette and the other a blonde. The women were socialites, not prostiiltes. {hat pleased BOSS most was that the father of the
woman who owned the house worked at the Soviet Embgsf

-*

in

London.

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Fleet Street went gunning fot me wlrcrl the leremy Thcpe/ Nornun Scott aftir broke in J.anuary 1976. I must pay H. J..van den Bergh one very big compliment here. He protected my back magnificently throughout the Thorpe/ Scon scandal. How he managed this will certainly alarm rnany people in Britain, particularly journalists. . HJ's first advance warning cafire to me on 9 March 1976. On that day Labour MP Jarnes Vellbeloved asked Harold Vilson, during question tirne in the House of Comrnons', 'Can you say if you have received any evidence of the involvement of South African qgents in the framing of hading Liberal Party menrbers?'* Mr Vilson replied that he had seen no evidence at all that the South African govefiimet$ or its agencies had any connection with these unoavoury activities. But he did not doubt,at afi &at 'massive tesources of business money and private agents of various kinds and various qualities' had been involved in the matter. l,trt is irnportant to note that the Liberal MP Mr John Pardoe, who, possibly by coincidence, was sitting ntrt to Jeretny Thorpe in the Commons that day' then stood up and asked a carelessly worded question: 'In view ofthe very serious nature ofthe suggestion that

:,8[P0$BD'

i155,

To emphasize ttrat Pretoria was innocent of involvecnent i" G-iit;tpe/Smtt sensation,,Harold tfirilssn ndded:''''I' have made ifqirite clear that I do not believe I "aq S{.t"y unia"tt of responsibility on the part of the South A&ican "-Stto",tv after he made those statements in the l{ouse of Com*otit, Harold Vilson allegedly told a small groupof fti""Ov iournalists: 'The man you should go {or-'is'-a iootrulitt t u*ed Gordon Winter who is now living in Ssuth sure.'he iili"" He started the Thorpe business and I'm *o*r f* BOSS. That's,the rnan you should go lookiqg "' for.' I do not know how H. J. van den Bergh t"q'u {qgllpq uU"n"a"tut"ment to tondon iournalists by Harold \t/ilson so {uickly, but within rsoo hours of Mr Wilson's strrtement itr tir" }Iottte of Commons, I received an urgent telephone fto* HJ telling me to rush over to his office !r Pr'etoria'. "uU tt. guu" m" i f,il breakdown of what Mr Vilson had irt"t" *ia i" tfrE Commons and what he had a[egeqtv t9H q: iournalists shortlv afterwards. HJ warned me that I could !*puct t"bpftone calls from the British press asking me if I agent, and he told me exactly how to answ'er *"1 ".BOSS them. The calls started as soon as I arived back in Johannesburg from Pretoria, and I gave thern my prepared answer' It was
simple:

'

" sovernment.'

'

, .

South African security fo'rces, without the apparent

rccognition of the South African goverrlment, are involved in the atraits of this country to do with politicians, perhaps .of all parties, what action do you propose to take?' . Harold Vilson quickly corrected Mr Pardoe: 'I did not say security forces. I said there was no evidence of South Aftican govemment participation. I referred to some vef,y certain political operations.r

strong and heavily-financed private masterrninding of

* Mr Vellbeloved later said his question had not been'prompted or planted'. One of the main leasons he had asked it was that he.had hedd reports that a Johannesburg iournalist named Gcndbn \Finter 'was involved in the Thorpe case' (British DaTy
suggesting
:.

'

'ites, I was the first iournalist to investigate the Jeremy Thorpe affair, and I wtis the first to interview Norman Scott way Uact in rg7r. But whv 4o yol- 39!-*" if I'P-u EpSS agente The giiiish Premier Harold Wilson told the House oF co*ot t - and he repeated it twice - that the South are innocgnt African government and its security-se-rvices 'Wilson a liar?' Mr of involiement. Are you calling The first Fleet Stieet journalist to phone me was Mr

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TelyaPh, ro March

1976).

Trevor Aspinall, a real toughie who worked for the Swdny People. He was very cute. - :._ ;?"r, i know what Mr lJfilson said in the House'' But I

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qisp irrppgn ro irrqwrirsr ile srn persoflstty'belie{/,e$ a BOSS agent and that you u.t rl" whole'Thorp-e

said.

rlffi;;

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are

ruas that I doubted verymuch ,-iwhether the British Frernier would t.U tt" H&$=oi gq1rurrqf sng thing and iournalists another. N";i;;,; belie\rcd what wre on the necord, as, surety, li" Wif"ir" , 'wouldnot have mfuld the Housei - Eight vreeks later, during the third week of May, H. J. nan dn Bergh called me overto pretoria again. T[is time t" raamed me that a few da1ru earlier Harold Wilsoo had ,cecretly assigned two freelance BBC'reponers to mount a -two ,cpecial ,ro" _investigation on hisrbetrdf. The Barrh Penrose ard Rogc C-orrriour, ana,""po*"o silO Hi, \Vilsou hd olkd ro rtrem in the privacy of his t iraon ^i; homc md imtru@d ftm to .obtain prooithat tnere cras a ..ffirdtg$outh African munection ilr'rhc Tbot'De uo"arf 'Affidry b HJ, Mr Wibon fraa mentionea-fi;;; knrOee and Corntiourand had quite categorica[y-dfibed "aeas'a l<nonrn BOSS agent,. HJ said that one or Nyo days later penmce and Couniurr hqd Erur,ned to llamld Wilsonb horre in ttrc cos1pen,, of f! Chartes Curran, then the Direeror qer;rat of rhi tira: Thsne Sir Charee$ agr,ed drat Fenrcee ana Courtiour eouid rept rgular informgtiq from Mr Vilson on a highly confidential basis so that they_ could assernbf" , f,oc $le BB C later to mounr a tengttly ""oq*rEE doctrarcntary Etm for , relevisidr. As thcy sat in Mr Wifil'sIq*,." the Ibqr men had agreed that tfie whole thing should be kept top secrr. Tlmre were several rearnns for Ois; one msintoner*rtfri Mr Wilson said he disrrusted tUe tiritlstr security serl4*; yhich, he daimd, were riddled with operatives-wtro were 'pro-Sotrth Africat ,IL J.-van den Bergh sarned nre to be on my guard . agpinsr Penrose and C.ouniour, who wbuld zu1el1dr",;

, .Idyanswa to Mr,{spinall

home.t

about them playing footsie with Harold \tr7ilson. Y-ou can tell them that you know all about their private visit to Vilson's

tnrst theur. lffhen they ask why, tell them

Seou

know,all

wor.dd obviously shock Fenrose and Courtiour and that it was almost certain they would relate

HJ felt that this

, .,

,.

my cornments to Harold Vilson. A few days later I did receive a telephone call front London. It was Barrie Penfose, and he started'to butterrne up by saying he was investigating my part in the Thorp{ Scott affair and he wanted his probe to be as fair as possiblic to me in particular. So would I talk to him? When I said ! doubted his claims of impartiality, Penrose asked why. I hk him with the fact that I was aware of his top secret dealrwith Harold Vilson. 'Why should I trust you if you're playrng footsie witLr Harold Wilson?' I asked. Penrose gasped and said words to this effect: 'My God! You really are well-informed. How on earth do you knonr

aboutthat?'

',

,i,;:;

Enjoy'rng rnyself immensely,'I told Penrose that I had e sensational story up my sleeve which would embarrass

Harold Wilson and his Labour Party. I cannot remember how much detail I gave Penrose on this subject but I do know he related my comments to Harold Wilson in ftrll. I do not'know the identity of the man in London who kept H. f. van den Bergh so well inf,ormed about Harold Wilson's private deal with Penrose and Courtiour. But I do know that the culprit was then a senior employee of the BBC, at editor level or higher. The sameman was to help HJ again later when BBC iournalist Tom Mqngold flew to America and obtained a sensational interview with Mr

:t_j-V" cari have a bit of fun on this one,? he chuckled. iVhen Penrose and Courtiour contad you, say you don't

me.

Peter Bessell, the former Liberal MP for Bodmin and personal friend of Mr Jeremy Thorpe. , Mr Bessell told Tom Mangold.something so sensational that Mr Mangold flew back to London confident that he had a maior story on tape in his briefcase. It was an attack on Jeremy Thorpe by Peter Bessell. But when Mr lvlangold

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EXPOSED

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his office ai tirc BBG ileCrscovered thm some $p trf .tuOnened in-connectiou with the Thorpel$edt ?fiet wbich ment *rat much of his taped intervibrr rpitU .rttr lJessell-coutl-not be broadcasf by the BBC, as it was a be highly libello{rs. For that rcaso{ a transcdpt ryj*^r ot th tape was sealed a.qfe ar the BBC where ,robody 1n
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returrreri

(Penroee and C;ourtiour harrshce iffitbcm eirid mnfirrired they were genuine") At another stage, in rg77,tllrc other iournalists in Britain

tfte BFC.

1'"1 1'."t

{ BOSS headquartens in pnetoria one day, Hj ehoqued me the transcript,

ggce
. 'It

ten^days of the transcript being placed in that sde, H. J._vg_den Bergh had atuilbpv ofi.:A, i;,il;

thmghr $ey .'-W-!lrE

eould read it. Nothlng from'a$.-rruryoipt *", ."o.rsed by It stayd crefully iocked io the safe" Or s;

"*ay

9ld tnend Jerbmy Thorpe,, said HJ, adding.that Torn

which was quite thick looks as though Bessell has his knife in the back of his my name

calibre reporter who freelanced for the Guatdimnewtpaper, : and a staftnan based at tlrre Rand, DdIy Ma;fg London offices in Fleet Street. The title of theirbook was to be Smeor: South African Intelligence and the TlwF Affair; was tipped offby BOSS that GeoffAllen was rushiqg round London saymg he was detemrined to prove I had sat .r, up the whole Thorpe scandal as an assignmnt fo'r :';,, H. J. nan den Bergh arranged for B.ilI Raynor and

mounted an investigation into the Thorpe/Scott scanddl after being commissioned to write a book on the subiect for Penguin Books. They were William 'Bill' Raynor, a highr

,,..:

ffiAllen,

ffitrmgnimed

6-i**$*rT6;;
did"i;y.
:

'Your name's only rnentioncd on one page of the tinnscript: I ttrfrt pi shsuld rsd it,;that Vr,it" au f;i;

gP rylblrg{1rsyou Bessell rorewerned ls tbreannd.,

.H. J. van

With the matter.in case Mangold tetephones ydu *a said something h"

*il

ro

Brgh pnotected *y lut yet again m ty76 when Barrie penrose and Roger- Courtiour oUtah"j'a

the umil he came to page r9 _Jltqd.T..rgt whrch be handed to me" Tanscript I still lpve it-*

da

: Allen to be placed under special surrreillane oper*ives in Lnndon, and, alttrough the two iournatlst$ were exceedingly security-conscious, BOSS mrraged to, , get a full opy of their manuscript at last three iveki :,,,.1 before it was handed to Penguin. Calling me to Pretorig IfS' ',', : ,1 handed me a photocopy of dre r63-page manuscripn saylng -' I shorld sudy it minutely. My assignmeot \pas to looft for mistakes. so that BOSS oould moum a carnpaign of -..: denigration when it wnt on sal,e. As it happened, th bak was never published. But I still have that manuscript
.

BOS& Gegff W BOSS

away in a safe ;arei*flq1d thst my oopy of rpage rg "i'dBBC.-rnt'i4angoa was'ge.nuine and that my '''mec of it rms a tcal mystery. -

abo taped and a transcript gi;; ",ashfo a fufl a fonnight H. J. van ddn S"rgt, copy of that transcript. My name was mentioried;;;zr and zz, with further details running *n p"n"-"riEl handed me oopies of all ttroae Fg*; rp8o ttirte seniorrrr;irs orrh" Sne, panorana _ I O" 14 JFy programm. flew from Irndon to trret me in OuUtin: f,g"""-ifr"J pge 19 of the BBC transccipt" U"g"la-onn tb"; rh; lg,fO* tnFscript had never been used by tA" SBC-*-a-th"t "rfr it had been

T,eu:tJ$ ** ttle BBC. Vithin

ten$hy and exclusive intervieil

*i*r-lilr*an Scott in

.fhil'i="ifri*.i

also con_ possession

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34

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RfD HERR.INGS,

of tle 9ve1ts in Britain connected with Jeremy Thorpe and the Liberal Parry were so incredible ani ridiculo-us that even hardened Fleet Strgt **r*"o *rrrt fave wondered if they were dreaming. In nearly every in$ance B O S S was alleged to be the c,ulprit turting tehini tt.le ryqresq but, time after time, sornething happened to giveBOSSthelastlaugflr., :. t First_of,a{ t[ere was the su.ange case of peter Hain being
:

-. Some

oritside Haids trondon'home and also outside Barclays Bank in Putney. They had kept in touch wittr each other by walkie-talkie, The journdist had iokingly written that one of the B O S S agents had flashed a message that Hain was leavrng his home and driving'towards Putney - 'so.signal 387 pseudo-Hains to rob banks all over London'. Alf Bouwer giggled about this at length, saying he appreciated the daft British sense of humour. 'But the auitert part was that it was all really done byf radiorn rhe

chuckled.

"':'.

o11e, of, 1the.i' enemies,, I realized it wai a ridijdouj charge. It_wa9 inconceivable that Hain would snatch money frim a bank and run away. Hain submitted himself to a lie detector test arranged by a teqm flom,the BBC, and the machine proved hinrito bi

accuspd of steali+g J4gq from a Lranch of Barclays Bank ii Prmeyr,Londo'n. A,t the time, although Haip w{ts, to me,

American court but it ryas not in Britain. As it happened, Harl was found rrot guilty after a sensational tial il ApJ r976. One year later I heard thO truth about the Hain case when I flew from Johannesburg to the Transkei on a news assignment. While there I met my former London handler, Alf Bouwer, who was then head of the BOSS set-up in thi Transkei. I had not seen Alf for three years and we polished offalarge amount of brandy as we laughed absut the,good
91d A"Vrl back

imocEnt. That would have been admissible evidence in an

He did not elaborate, except to say that a BOSS agent had been watching Hain's home from a parked car near by: The youth who really robbed the bank was not-a uecryl agentas such, but a-criminal who had to do as he was told' bEcause we had a grappling hook up his backside,' said Alf. I understood from this that the criminal had a serious charge hanging over him and had agreed to do the robbery to get off the hook. Alf indicated that the stiminal was not a South Afticsln;' he hinted that he was from lreland. After committl4g'thg robbery he had been ffown straight to Paris and had:14't6ry, been,allowed to settle in South Africa to ''start a new

life'.

Alf told me there had only been one minor slip-up ilt

'

connection with Hain's double. His hair had been carefully styled to resemble Hain's but, by sheer coincidence, Hain had changed his hairstyle a few days before the robbery, and this hud not been noticed by the BOSS operativeswho

working for thl eatirical magazine Prioate Eye has come closer to the truth than anyone , That journalist had written a ludicrous send-up saying that a large number of BOSS agenrs had been-plantei
a

Hail lobbgrV'. Alf said it was'a beautiful earried journalist

out'. According to him,

in London. The conversation- turned to'tle iob brilliantly

"

i mounted the plot. rsbbed the ctiminal,had said that soon Alf Bouwer after the bank BOSS had arranged for a telephone call to be made to Scotland Yard. The caller told the Yard that if they checked with Special Branch files they would see that Peter Hain was heavily involved in agitating agair$t Barclays Ban\ and its investments in South Africa, and that he had once taken part in a demonstration against that vf,y branch of Barclays in Pumey. This call, said Alf Bourcr'. was made to ensure that Hain would be linkod to.'&e

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464 * rtr{srDr Bosa hapeslcd,

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st@fig'.of ,the {49o, crtirh b lncdy ilrhat VtSi" *p hours Hain wss arrsted
peter

'" ' tgfi,He

fiBl''.Hi**tltcg

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{}storushrng intonnation.

H.ain-,circ to tr,Iat,,Mething occurred l11t beforeto colrplerel{ ry H T"ryry him, Haroti Vitson, Jtwtg'lhorpe and the whole of Fket Street. In Februarv r976-I{IGnneth Wyatt, a former Cd;;;;6;;[i on the Watford Urban -Council, g"r" p"i;-H;;;;"

Fouad Abu Kamil wG born in the l-ebmn m 4 April etudied rnedicine's dli American'I}stfersitrb . , rr Beirut and tater rnorrcd to Sierra l-eoneo wherc b lqle - , involved in the illesal.srnuggling of, diamonds to:Lilb@ia. ..

He buih up a *Lo"ttu"y-f""* of owenty hailboile&'q . characters who operated in the - dtnse b'ush' wayl*yi{$, ' 1. ",, ',;
illicit diarnond smugglers and relierring them of ttrcir gerns: News of Karnil's operations came to the ears 9f Sir Prry-" Sillitoe, the former head of Britain's MI5 who y8 $T workingin Sorth Africa as the head of the Anglo-Arteriata Corporition's wctrity nawork. Sitlitoe met Kamit ed.i. ': ast<ed t*m to work for Anglo; but Kamil refused. Howe@'..
in lanuary 1965, he ctranged his mind aad into Anglo by Lieutenant-Colonel Seorge reinrited was Visser, then the ctrid sectrrity officer for Anglo's : r section, De Beers. Africals South of pose member as a to Kamil's iob was criminal-undeqrorld who was keen to sell large xmitu,tts of illegal diamonds. Suc*r trading in diarnoods is a serina$;" offend in South Afiica whih carries tough iail eenteiaeS'
a few years later,
"
,

opcnheimer's Anglo-American--crrp#;-il ffiil Aftica. Kamil allegeJ that Ang!o'; r,a"t i.t ort of diamond a$l golcr -securiry.agena nyorked dqsely with BOSS. Eecause of this, Kadil,had aaidentaUy -Atsrrerea-*ai
rever

Wyan said he !4 Uo" appmached by a man calted Fouad ,Ftash Fred' Ka{nil qah; h"J;";; worked fo,r Harrv

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up a secret docuier of hatred agatndt top-, lgfl,l{"qilr I iberal party ffirbers in,Britain. The inteotioo was F.diit_nedt LiberatrMR so thar ttreir recnoval f;;d; .wouldincrease.theonservatiu" fa"ry's ootirrg se*rgrh:-Mr Vyatt rold Hain that ooe of Kamil's 4&" hffi; c..phqbgtaph in one of these dossirs. It showeda.BO$S 4snt' wh was perer Hain's doubls A marking *rd"h . airyealed alongside ttle BOSS dossier *, n*&:ffrli stated:-' Operation completely suecessfi,rl'. Th;i;;-*rr; SIymt had appmaehed Hsin. He olam.o hiro; kn& ;d; had obviorsly set him up on the p,rtnei'bat IPJ| roobery chargE. llain believed BOSS_was capable of zuch a plot - Perer was reluctant to disclose Wyans claims to'the !ns.h. British press because $(ryatt seemed * oaA ch"*.t".*a p any case, could not provide any @n@te erridencg to lack up his.astonishing, ctaims. iUoi-t*J ;G'A; Peter tlain u'as amazed q ry"d newspape*qons;tiff Wyan and four CIrn;'Brit*i, had G S! Kenneft with^conspirirlg ro exroft over a *rui*-p""d *:g* Harry_ rromOppenheimer by threatening
rtrGrrrbrr

eonfiscation of the diamo'rrds and heavy

fines.'Ikniil

to buy a parel of 4roo,oo woct]rof' uncut diamonds and then arrange for him.to be trap@lbry

ffiidr

ff"d;"rneo; wi[ing

police during'the handover. T"he {roo,ooo w^ould be go'tli hscated and,-of this' Kamil would begfuen d33,ooo as his
commission.

l*lii.'

ffiind thm plot wasnorrc.other tnan.irtastr ' ir&s,bsdmasterminded it alr &rom a hiding-plsce

t ondon-Uased of his Anglo-American Corporation. The man

iln'dil;

wftAout doubt, tlre cleverest diirmond trapper history. He became so feard by crimindo Africa's South in thet i" later'years tre haa to. adopt various disguises,rll"fo known to have been paid at least $5oo'ooo in commistfm over the years, whichhe spent or higb living and gsmbliog' In fact, Kamil earned at least anottrer half million, bu1$h war oot pard to him: A dishonest security ofrcs at top lanetin the Oi ge.rs diamond section forged $'rnifg signaure on various pay chits inleague with another official, andtrbgi ' ';'.': '' *.pt ttt" miley for

, K**il **r

i" $i*

Wt"r, Kamii t.*,"4 tgi.,ing for his mon6y in,P?o:$S' two cmoked ofreials swore he was lying, and Ksnitlqdgli$

therrselves

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':464 , iNs,lnu,Boss

Rg.D,

rt8n*n_is . 465

-:eleven years. He was-mysteriously released aftei serving onJy twenty-two months. I do not know how ac"*ate information is, but I heard from a very reliable police sourcl $at_flarry Oppenheimer was, to some extent, responsible ,fg" Kamil's early release. He had apparently discovered

rlZz, as a form of revenge, Kamil hiiacked a f-oU. I" ![VV Sorlth 4f"i"*o Airways Eoernc 727, *lievng thai oo oi Harry Oppenheimer's relatives was on board. He intended -Ft$ig tlglelative hosage until Anglo-American paid frim his hatf million. But the hijacking venture Went wrong. The Soeing.was_liddled with bulleti as it was surrounded by troops in Malawi, where Kamil was arrested and iailed for

rc$po'dibne for,eetting up tbs,who{e N-omran Scott

afrir-

-|

Oppenheimer arranged for {5o,ooo to be paid'to e"f{y as ' ll and finat setdfrent'. farnif aicJpteJ ,the pay-off but was still nor satisfied. He insisted (and'still ,g{ly) that he was owed at least another d+oo,ooo. :tul* He hirgdJ<.e3n9th N7yattand the four other Britsris to *"g" a psychological war against serrior Anglo-Amedcan eriployees in London by sending them threatening lettery some accompanied by funeral wreaths and hearses.. .As details of this case emerged it was clear to peter Hain tlgt Kenneth Wyatt was nor such an oddball after all. If Wyatt had told the trurh about his involvement *i*, I(a*ifl perhaps his 'Hain double, story was also true. Fo: thai reason Peter Hain sat down and typed oirt a fivepage memorandurn in which he outlined w.hat t[(ryatt hadiold lim {oulthe plot to smear top British Liberals. The memo, Cary$ z+. fglrqary r976f wag addressed to Jeremy Thorpi and headed 'Private and Confidential'. yei H. J. van den, ts9ry-h was somehow able to hand me a copy of.this memo yithin ten days of Hain typiqg it. HJ g"o" ii to me because L{vas mentioned on the fifth page. ':Knowing that I was a BOSS-agent and that I had been

.hh. k -_

Evidenge was uncro\rere{ wlrictr suoh6ty-inaicatEA tnat paf rnent of a large arnount had been wrongfully withheld froin

lhrough a special internal investii;ation of the De Beers diamond $ecrion, that Kanril w4s parrly telling th-e-trurh.

'i

$amil

Thor.pe passed Peter,Hainls qofiio oo !o,P.re4ir Hqrold'Wilson immediately. That is why in the House of C.ornnrons on 9 March tET6L{arold Wilron stood up and announced'thal tmassive rqxltrfg9$ of business moneylr'hd beerr involved in the Thorpe/Scott ecandal When the Kamil saga hit the headlines in Britdn, IL f. van den Bergh actively enouraged,&e rumours thet H4rry Oppeolieimer was to blame for the smear-plc against the Liberal Party. Renrerrbering thqt I hsd clt$e zubmitted seneral photographs of Mary Oppenheimet-lo BOSS, HI pulled them out of his files. They showed W larhing ab"tit wittr Mary in tfre swimming pool at & Oppeitrelmtrs' mansion in Johaonesburg. One showod'ttr spiming water into her face. Anothr showd Msry ead tft pushing each other at the dge of the .pooL These phmographs were ompletely innqcent, as they had been 1ekco during an exclusive interview I had done with Mafy id 1964 But HI knew the photographs would not_tl$Fqd innocent to members of the,British. Libral Par,t5l' Ile''ffi at least one of thern seot by poet from South Africa to Peter , i' Hain in L,oltd*{ : sqspici.ouelv Peter Hain was worried wheoher,eeivedthe thick envdope poetmarlted Johannesburg and, to be on the safe side, in case it contairred an e:rplosive deviq' it was thrown into a battr of cold water before being opened,' t

Mr

I do not know how much suspicion that pfrotograph raised agBinst Harry, Oppenheimer in I"ondon, but it certainly had an uno(pected sideefrect H. I' van dn Bergh told me that, s'ithin tqro or three days of Ltrain reiving it, a wofiran io London had sornehow heard abput ttre phote graph, yet not from Peter Hain- The womao was Diane I-efewe, a doctor who had once lived in South Africa. This excited HJ tremendously. For sorre reiunn he hod long had a strong dislike of Miss Lefevre, so much so tha[, t"i* y""tt eirliir, when I was spying in bndon, he Md " sent me a mesqage telling'me to smear her as 'an ir$Xtt working for British intelfuenoe'. I did as I was @14end

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466' lt{sloE
ca-b!e4

Boss

a-t

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to know about

th" p"ri'U.for" Hain reserved rt. -I'hat,s almo$ certainly how Diane Lefevre came Rllbttrt.
it.'
his_ hands

tr{.-Tpt"g.that photograph i"

unuggled her out of the rear e:rit. {en Bgrgh why he was so fascinated by Drane Letdvre ,tknowjng about the photograph of me ani ^,*:O:1"1:.{. Mary oppenheimer being sent to piiur-iiairi" . 'Don'r you see? , he repiied. ; ri-*""* irti.i ior"uig.rr""

h"ta-;;ri"s f,.*r*"n fflg^{lryypj.tjcdmen ule $ont cloor of the plane as British

that Diane,s father, Mr Alan Llewe, was a telecommunications expeft employed in a 'security sensitive position' in Britain,s ftini.r"y ,f blf"""". jT.:TT:lccp$oa was that he was atso a British agent. .t' a$o drsclosed that a few days eadier Diane Lefewe-had been arrested in paris under-the **" pi*" Cd;6;iI French inte$sence naa quizzed rrofuii.uouf hous about ner connetion with two members of the palstine Liberauon Organization (pLO) who had been arrested dd;i""; car rn .t'rance. A large amount of high explosives had b&n prnf.in their car. ft was intend"a O?*"i" *;d.k-";; rsrael embassy in Europe. Miss Lefevre, alias Campbell, yr p.p"ltjg from France four days later ana noril to LolctorL When her plane arrived at Heathrow airport a
at bay at ---- Special --' .granch men

S.q. Brirish Spy?'*. _ Th" siory disclosed

i sr+ri: tc mi'.rie-i?:sFagq*- in So*rir afriga, ft appeprpci spla.sh^front-page stbry, under the headtini'

;ii;=;

friendly with 'Flash Fred' Kamil and during meetinge with him in Spain hhd fed him'arlotrof information aboue &e Anglo-Americlrn Corporation and its activities in varioue paris of Africa and Britain. Even"*tanger, Diane Lefevr iiad been a close friend of Kar,nd's wife, Dr Melanie lknil; in Cape Town several years earlier, and5 as a result of thb, friendihip, Miss Lefewe had flowrr to take up a iob ae *l doctor in a Palestinian refugee camp somorhere in the Middl East. This, she said was why she had come to ''' I"r' svmoathizewiththePlo. " mq; telling up by it all summed den Bergh van H.' f. grdlpi hts Kamil and infiltrated obviously Lefewe 'Diane on assignment for British intelligencer possibly in conoeqti, with IJraeli intelligence. And I'm sure she was initial$'' responsible for Kamil's group beitrg arrested in Britaln;' H, J. van den Bergh shoved his'knife into Diane l"fnme or oo-" other occasiSn that I know of. When'Hf iold me

that the rwo iournalists Barrie Penrose and Roger Cotrtiour-" would be telephoning me about the Thorpe case, he'saidfi;

lerewe yas_ a Lommunrst partv. *'ott l:t:"

fTrytl

together gleefirlly, HJ said he in_ ^. renod getung .mor-e mileage' out of Miss Lefevre. -When Kenneth $fyan ait fris fou" carne to trial at the Old Bailey, Diane Lefewe "*u"*.ed il-**;d ,; r# limelight again. It was openly ,"ggoiJl" ;'"" A;;;; yas a British intelli.gence agentl*fo *"fu;-th;Iil; possibly deff,erately, "it ;d;; .card_carrying

;* ;i.;iG
member,
March 1973.

of the grirish

;;

", ,* Johannesbvrg Sunday

""t*

shock. Miss Lefevre had long been

Ercpress,25

a telephone conversati6n with Barie Penrose; I'told hiqr the fotlowing: 'If you go to the Barclays DCO branchr directly opposite ttre fvfinistry of Defence building in Northumbeiland Avenue, you'll find that Diane l,efqne' has an account there. I suggest you take a peep at tlrat, account and the regular amounts paid into it.' Two days later Barrie Penrose went to thaf bank and inquired about Miss Lefevre's account. He was ,tsld: 'Sorry. The account was closed iust two days ago'-ol the u""y auy I had told him about it. Within rro hours of our conversation, to be precise. This means'someone bugged the telephone of BBC man Barrie Penrose. And it certainly was noi Boss. Five weeks after Harold Wilson told parliament thaq massive South African business interests were betrind t*re' Jeremy Thorpe affair, a youth called Aldre Thorae ooa-; iua"a O" dtardian newipaper in London sayittgrthfit'he

;tfi; ;;tfr*t *t"i" information'prbving' {ret-'$i$' a British agent. I did as I was told ando &lriug'
Lefevreln'as

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t63 - r^-{siDE Bos$

oorletrgrbvc that a tibcraLr*tp b.asd,in the North of Egglmd had fatured in a pr*vately mtde blue fiI,n, Chr;

RED

iiERRiiics '

+5g

.eaidrthc

hgo .h^y.'f trmn,r6 TPrc, @nversation in

full It

with sevegl young.bsys. f *-Crriiia*was interested in thc story mainly becauee-Thorne said h" had;.*il; ; rpproacft from Johap Rtrssarw" a seoorrd sectetary at the Sotrh African errrbirssy in Tmiblgar Squ"""; whs wanted to obrain the blue:fikn: Thorne took .Gwdian Deporter peter Hillnore to tlrc * Itmbassy. where tlrey spoke to Russouw in his office. HiltTgre.dq 19t say he was a iournalist but pmended to be a friend of Thorne's. Russotrw, howeirer, urrt ro,,- to Hiifryas cleverly done.

fud

MF,

dressed ai a-sporffmasrer,-

*""iUy i"tJ_

thrt

about tlre bfue film was a lie. It was tirre Gumdiut's tt* whole thing had been made into a sensation. the Guafiian really took a beating' not only from'ilie

ii;;;';d
-*t

apJ

,b.

-It y*. a sucesful p,ropagnnda caripuigriwiicf, sras;widely:belieyed by ttre South African ir"$'fie who obviously_ thought it was very strange behavio_i.rq foi a r* spected liberal newspaper like the Guardim. One week later the British Suday prople splashed a undg the headline'I Lied Ab;ut ffrit glue Filma $t:r fiie words were .A-ndre Thorne's arrd he said hb *nofu
mate11l,

to obtain a blue film. . lretoria later rcleased a carefully edi-red r.oii* of the to $negco$ing the Sgrth African press to rprove, thai the Gwrdian had conspired with Andre Tho4ai in a erudi attempt to frame Russouw-as a prrrchaser of pornographic

rmdcr Rusouw r.eJ"luoy *oprra"-irio tlli was puqe{y personit qnd &at n**lrthe Enr_basgy nor thglouth African government were in any way oon_ gcftrqd. The intqview ended with Peter Hiltmore uariri.,i"l bs w{is .a Guatdim rgporrtr and saying he was surprisei that,an.offigrgl at^pe South African'eriU"ruy should wani

Thom and Hillmore a" of the talking _Ttr119"n lo anct, trom tn-tape recording, it appeared that thev werE $e$siilg Russouw to ask for fr" udC nm. the rob of a puritan g{.oy-g he had nevir seen a p"riro_ graphic film and would tiein6rested in seeinc rh"J;; tie two rncn were offering him- For the benefii of the tape

dd;;hl,;

inttrlflT

ii"il*ff

Gtnrdian'std,'itg "which spelled out very clearly'thet the ireportei Peter Hillmore had-beerr foolish enough' to tle ,eompletely led up the garden peth by Andre T'lr'ortre'14 youth of t'wenty *tto'to"nea out to be a'former Borstal bcry *ittr a long listrof previous convicdons. The truIh about Andre Thorne as I heard itfromB0S$ i I was that the Guard,ian did not set Thorne up to trq |otuB Russouw, The boot was on the other foot. It was all mastcry-l riinded by Chris vafl der Walt, a B O S S propagandist;bat&il '' I at the South African Embassy as its Press Aroch6. "And!6 Thorne right frorn the start had len told by Russouw to approach in" C"*ai*t and get them interested il the stry aLbut ttre blue film, not to frame the Guedian but to'ry and get a story mounted which would ernbarrass the to one of.its MPs being a molester Liberil Party in-regard -Andre Thornti was not instructed 1o'S$',1 of young children. thi Guirdianthat an official at the South African Errbawy'' *as inte.estea in buying the film. Ttrotne had throvm thet' llttle titbit in for go-od-measure, not realizihg it would,'in the eyes of -q Fl;et Street ioumalist, cast a cornpl*ely different complexion on the story. When Thoine and Guafiian reporter Hillmore went'b ' -" the South African Erpbassy, Russouw failed to infoql hie superioro, believing tre couta gain kudog by hal{ting it dl hii own. Andthat was why Russouw mdde the alhimportant tape recording. He knew Peter Hillmore was a Qwrdiot [i..t.t becaise Andre Thorne had given him advance **ttrittg of this. Thorne Th; is proof that thd South Africans set Andreas, while ' piu"i the blue film story o1 th9 Gu'atdian "p1o Thornl was being quizzed by the Sund.ay People newspapeqr a very shrevd reporter on its staff threlv-that v-e--ry- acgro*;:" tion at hlm. Thorne w{rs so shocked by the rePolrerf* perspicacity that he actually admitted it. But when tlre
,

l{frieans btrt from rival netnspapers in Fleq $treet'

'

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ifff rs,;il$,B{Ery,fl]tliii'l

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BOSS. asked.

RED f;ERR:HGS '

.-47I

'&fidaJ, PeopIe

Thorne,to sign an affidavit to that

effect, he refused, obviously realizing that this would cause .bim even bigger problerns.
.,,

,'Thorne also adrnitted trater

to London's Time

Out

,,imagazine that he had set up tJae Guard:ianfor South African

officials. But by that time

it was widely known that Andre

;T?rorne had a long list of criminal convictions and therefore ,had no credibility. Soon afterwards he was jailed for three

years for blackmail and theft cases not connected with the

blue film saga.

BOSS.told me that eight months bef,'ore Thorne had gone to the Guardiar he. bad.,made a" statement to the British police about the blue6lm. Thorne's horne had been searched and, although pornographic film had been found, none of it involved a tiheral MP. Thorne was later to claim .'that his hotne had been burgled and that particular blue film had been stolen. ," l,At e:ractly the time of the Andre Thorne sensation ,:another $trange character ernerged. This was LieutenantColouel Frederick Cheesixnan, whq claimed to be a former spy for the United States Air Force intelligence branch. He was first interviewed by BBC reporters BarriePenrose and Roger Courtiour. After some careful ghecking they were .satisfied Colonel Cheesffran was genuine, and they bmke his story on the BBC's Nine O'Cloch News television prograntme on 18 May 1976. . It rryas a sensational scoop. Cheeseman told millions of viewers that two years earlier he had flown to South Africa

tsOSS' Genral tI. l. van deo Bergh, cattd'Cheeeefnan and tlie BBC ltar6. n"t *itftirt-t*en6-fu hours'the stoiy U"""oa-U-".L on the BBC in a vbry nast)' rvy" ptg*l Cheeesnan told the British' Doily Expess thal !9 hgd h*xd the BBC. He said he was not a former coloilel.in.t$ Arnerican Air Force intelligence branch' He had a crimif,f,L and $nty-t\ilo *ora i""oiui"g fraud, bo-uncing chequee offences of obtaining money by false prcttlccs' far ltorl beins a spy he was living on the dole and owed a ycafq , *iiorriii*dlady. No wonder the Dai$ Exptas splo*r$il A;;;t aooss it froot page under tlre massive beadlilh,',,
'C,olonel was exoosed to worldwide ridicule. Tbe lVashittgton Post

Bogus!'. -ffiil.;.f,; on*a**with it$ blue film-s-tolrrthe BrB$

\'

:'

*fti" BBC had 'fallen flat m ie face'' The London it 'askod: E"&g lV*r" tho"Sttt it was so hilarious that Only one Clouseau?' Inspector now? dr send we Vfro'io British newspapef, came anSrwhere lear the qu{' Tttq** the-Stmlay i;intt' which, on z4lvlay',stated: 'It ha$ Fq a sood *it fo" South Africa; especialty for the notorioss

oia

irit""'s critics,' L6K."i;;i#Ad";-"r-'s*i.r' if Boss iBelf had bccn

h*dltit"* beer-r better;.t"gJ manipulating it.' --fit" Frederick Cheesecnan,

'

to be signed up

of tqp Liberals such as Jererry Thorpe, Cyril Smith, ,Richard Wainwright, etc. He said the dossiers had'bee-n
'descfibed later.
,tnded to use when smearing the Liberal Party

as a spy for BOSS. Vhile in BOSS headquarters he had seen a pile offifteen dossiers on the desk of BOSS operative Jack Kemp. The dossiers bore the names

to him as 'research profiles' which BOSS inin Britain

fronr nry oqr"n truth'about oo-"ri"rr"", is that he was certainly mt the \ffalter Mitty'he up-p**a." u". He definitely hadan in$lu11ce-uackgrou$d ttu was certainly recruited by BOSS. I kttow tttis "ii I sarr Ctreesenran sining in the waiting ryg1n gutb*"*" side H. I. van den Bergh's private officg on the $fttt 0oor of BOS-S headquarters in Pretoria on 5 September 1974' Cd *t" time he-was being served tea by HJ's eeaetary Mrs Jager. - Breggie de Cheesffian was-clearly a VIP guest because ordihary visitors to BOSS headquarters are dealt with in a group of

**rff

The BBC was not particularly worried when the head of

\

"*tt*lt Cheeseman had lunctr in the Janina nestsilsdt' ing dav, J&" tir"gOSS treadeuarters. \X/ith him were ttry'cnrei,gll

lounges in the fcryer downstairs. The follorr-'

.,-1..4.'

:.iJi$ll'
'!,;t!,,

'.H,,'

.,{F '.Ix$I"E-'ErBe$$i,
,the,

RED trERRrr.sGS

473

$npltgr

The reason BOSS recnrited'Ct""ieoran (and paid for ,.!n gip lg Sogth africal.wil tlrat i-fr"esilan had worked for.Zambian intelligence ia London. At one otage:he had p-rckecl up rnt'ormation which he knew would be valuable to South African intdligence so he had contacted senior 'SO-SS operative Alf-Bouwer, ttren wOrting ar tte Se. :s'nU*ty in Loadon under cover of being a nkt secretary, When pheeseuran gave Bouwer information about Zambia he used the.classic infiltration technique of insisting he did notJant payment. In this way he'gained Alf li-ouwer,s conndence. pou-w9r pa$sed Cheeseman on to Jack Kernp. Kemp recruited Qheesman after suggesting t-o H.J. dn den Bergh that Clreeseman should t"ii eOSS to Uuifa up 31ro1v9$of Bhck aguus inZtambia. HJ agreed and BOSS {ured Uheesemsn at a yearly salary of iust over {rorooo. , I slso know that Cheesernan told ttre'BBC ttre tnrth when hs.-said he,had seen the frfteen dossiers on rop n$i$ Liberals piled on Jack Kerrp's desk. I had been in Kemp's office that day; the files wdrc on his desk because he had recently returned from London and had called me in tg discuss the Jeremy Thorpe case. The Tharpe dossier contairred all the reports I had subrnitted to BO S S back in t97t after my in-iepth interviews with Norman-Scott. The dossier on Cyi.il Smith had nothing to do with me. I never did any research on Mr Srnith foi BOSS,1ld I do not know if nOSS, as laier allege4 was responsible for spreading poison-pen letters aboul him in Britain. - Kernp also had a dossier on Liberal Mp Clernent Freud, but, again, I know nothing about the man and never gethered information about him for BOSS. -:There was also a bulky file on the Liberal peer Lord r$7hitley, but during the years I spied for Pqu1g"o, _of EOSS in London I submitted ooty two reports on Lord Beaumont: once when my girl-friend Jru nuins met him at a cocktail party and anorher time when I attended a buffet

hepd,of BOSS's Wnite Suspccrc,r"ctioo.

J^a!\-' Koos, _Keurp_and piet . Swanny, Swancpoel,

;tlinner given,by the Sbuth W_*t Africa Peo$e's Organizhtion (SWAPO) at Lord Beaumont's home in West (Ieath Road, London NW3, in Jung rgZ3. ' Jack Kenrp also had a file on Rictrard Vainwright, IvlP, although it was not a thick one. Later, in t976, it rvas alleged in Britain that BOSS had stolen a fitre on Normna,, Scott from Mr Wainwright's room.at tlre House of CorF mons. H. J. van den Bergh told me *rat BOSS had not been involved in this theft. I do not knowwhat BOSS had on file about Richard Vainwright because I never submitted any reports on the man, But I was responsible fdr , , '.,i. spying on his daughter, Hilary. In early 1969 I submitted a report to BO S S stating that' Hilary tUfainwright was friendly with several mernbers of the British Anti-Apartheid Movement and ttrat she was actively opposed to the South African goverRment. I received the following message from BOSS files in Pretoria: 'Wainwright, Hilary. V'hite female student involved in the "Free Dave Kitson" campaign and a four day, march by studenls to climax in a mass rally at Trafalggc, Square on z6l5lt969 organised by the Ruskin College Kitson Committee.'*
mass rally in Trafalgar Square, a'keep-out' letter stating Wainwright sent Hilary Pretoria she would not be welcome as a visitor to South Africa. On

\Tithin days of the

receiving the letter Miss Vainwright told iournalists she could not understand why she had been'singled out'by BOSS. Now she knows why.

The weird happenings in London involving Peter Hain,

Flash Fred Kamil, Andre Thorne, Colonel Cheeseman and others all combined to increase Fleet Street's interest in the
Jeremy Thorpe scandal. This in turn caused massive head* David Ian Kitson, born in r9r9, a mechanical engineer, was a research fellow at Ruskin College in 1958. He returned to Sogtlr
t964 was convicted of being a memle1 9f sabotage wing, 'Spear of the Nation'.. He was jaded twenty years; rElease date December 1984. No remission-

Africa in 1959, and

ANC's

$e

for

ait.

:.t :. :474.
,

lNSls.E..BOSg

Sotrth African-prgixs'i8nd a'oilristafit mcrnbtr'of rny,:hvolvement. By May rg76lH. f. van den Bergh had 'decidedrthat all this publ{idtybeant th4 my days of being :i*py ia'ttre field were o,ver. Iie said I should resign from the .: rf,o[rgnnesburg Suday E4nese take a *rree-month holiday, paid for by BOSS, ailrd tlreo ioin the staffof a nen' Engtish. langpage netrspaper whictr Was ito be launched in Sou*r , ' iAfiicain septeirrber., '., The nune ofth paper was The Ahisen.I was to be given editor status, with the title'Contributing Editor.', a massive increarc in salary, a free car and a rgving oomrnission which .fieant I could go where I Uked dnd write wtrst I liked. My ,ftib? Top-level propagQr,@.':: 'r

lies iF'the

35 . 'THE CITIZEN'

:' Being exposed as a BOSS agent in tlre fererry Thor.pg/ :

Norman Scott affair did not put an end to rry spying activities in the field, as H, J. van dett Bergh had expeqted'' bqt increased them. On ioining The Chizen I was co4gtapql;J approached by people offerrng me fascinating tip-offs fo1.,a wide variety of reasons. Vhen people know you_ a{e- a-"W they wmt to know you.And use you - usually to knife their
enemies.

was another advantage. In the past, police had called for tea when I went to interview them at head,".r!;' q""tt"*. N"*r'th.y ,"ttt the Black tea boy to go across thLg i : lr'r.11 road and buy a cake as well. The days of rushing rognfl ;1 1:iil 'looking for stories wai a thing of the past. I hardly had to trgave my desk as BOSS and the Information Departnent

Tt;

"F*f

p*itiuqty deluged me w-ittr high-grade news -,ali with

propaganda slant, of course.

'

-I

hatctletman; a character assassin. These are n9t my 099c11Ftionsl it's what my victims, and other iournalists, said. No1 that I had to write lies all the time when BOSS instructed me to smash or smeElr anyone. The unscrupulous iournSlist does not have to write deliberate lies. He can pervert the truth by concentrating on the negative and diminishing the

c6dd write a book about the outlandish propaganda stories published n The Citizen during the *rirty-ttuo months i worked on its staff. I wa$ Pretoria's number oqp

positive. In America they call it advocacy iournalism; in britain, selective reporting. But it can also be called lying by omirrio". If you have a pJittt to make, you choose andtailqr the cloth to fit. Theret ito trtott"ge oimaterial. Seercblofie'
and hard enough and there's nearly alwaysa skeletooip tle farnily cupboarl. Ifthe target is a pillar of respectalility yg,u

476
l,
'i;.;:

. ii.isiDE

tsoss

-TI{E r:ITIZF.N'

. _i n1'l i

i^

liilrl

aii atways esrbarrass frim tf'gnninUing the behaviour of his wife, drildren or relatives. There was another fabulous advantage for me working on Tlw Citizen. The newspaper started under the editorship of , lllr Martin Spring, a foimer findnciat iournalist who.had Iopg been a propaganda front man for the Information Department. But within a fortnight trc was turfed out and a. Aery editor installed'in his place. It w4s my former editor on 'the $mdajt'Eqtress, Mr M. A. 'Johnny'Johnson. \trilewasted no'time in reactivatingthe old friendship with . Prerrrier John Vorsten and that greedy frontpdge was-never

i ', For,that reamn he is held in thc.inmt,dgedy.glrsfdd

section

df any prison on the South African

nrainland

SecqritJ' iS so fanatically rigidon Death Row that Tsafimdss would have to unlock eight htrye stcel doors before ierblliagr' the massive perimeter wall ovedookd by watchtowew g06' taining armed guards. And norprimn official, not cJ/efrtfue' commanding officer, is allowed to have thekeys to rnore,tb&'l two doors in his possession at any one time. In August 1976, just before The Citizen neqrsplpEr wbir i,1 .,1 lauhched,Se British Obsaver published a rna$sive !it'i1i$'.:,.,,.'

enrpty. Our first big propaguida stunt was the story of Dimitri Tsafendas. He'was the parliamentary messenger who. in September rg66:had stabbed the South African Prernier Dr Hendrik Verwoerd to death in full view of the

House of AssNnbly. Tsafendas, the son of a Greek engmeer and a Coloured woman, is now aged sixty-two. After being diclared insane at his trial he was trarrsferted to Death Row 'iii' ketoria's ma:rirmm' seorrity Cintral Prison, where he Still sits"today. Tsafendas is not a prisoner in the ordinary sense of the

word. His

case standgnormal prison logic

on its fiead. He

clearly grdlty of- and will6e hanged by the neck until ire is dead. So he's better off sraying insane. .' . Undet the Eouth African Prisons Acr Tsafindas is r'ilhssified as a'potentially dangerous criminal'who must be

,$rpe hours of wery aay in total *liqy;;"finement. In the 'unlikely event that his insanity is crred the,south African government has let it be widely known that Tsafendas will then be tried for murdering Verwoerd.- a crime he iS quite

bas never been convicted of any ofence and is not serrring a $fnte{r, }.Ie ts hild a'S a State irresident's patient until su?h timd as the balance of his mind is restored. Yer he receives ino meattrient for this to be achieved, and he spends r*e"ty-

orperiences ttretb of Mr Brian Prie, a B'riton whp hadbd*ii:l;: piiea for drug$ offences. Headlined lHorror In Black -- ' \Fhite'. the article disclosed the pathetic life-style of Dimitri r rrr :.' Tsafendas and how qrarders ill-CIeated '; , f was called in by H. J. van den Bergh and ordered ts mount a big denialof the Obseruer story. And so that I could . do this convincingly I was allowed to enter Death Ro'rp gs*' "ijr talk tb Tsafendas. It was another milestone in rny B0$'$il,'i,,:, caieer. No other reporter had evef ben allowed ido OeeS' . Roq'; it was the very first time any ioumatist had ba allowed to interviern Tsafendas, and the first time a-fsb' i ,rnan had photographed hirn I was given perrnission to take

of conditions in

Pretoriars Ceritral

Jail

UaseA;

'dr.,*tb':'': ,, i1

ltilil

him.

any pictures'I liked, touf the whole iail'and talk to. Tsafendas, in his cell, in a ourtyard and also in the ctm-. 'l

mandant's office for three hours. Tsafendas denied the Observerstory, of counse. Althoilift.

In fact I found hiin to:be remarkably astute, charming and wen witty, Sfl*ling knowingly at the commanding officer of Pretoria jailr'
certified, he's not that mad.

''

BrigadiirGerrie Visser, Tsafendas told me the wardss had

been 'outstandingly decent' towards him. He knew which side his prison cob was buttered. As I walked round the prison with Tsafendas at one stagc. I was able to whisper a couple of guestions when the pdql officials were just out of earshot. 'Don't kid me that the warders have alwap bceri

'itsour,ce{ul and annning individuat wlio'is mentally ani phpically capable of schenring and effecting an escape.,

describes him as 'Coloured Prisoner A5o78, an entremely

ftept under maximum sectrrity conditions. His prison file

decfrrt towards you. The Obsqter claims one

dsslrutrted

's:i;'i!,'":,

#i'

*rffimqry*ti'4*aa'-'"Tnl:'

4?8

. INSIDE

BOSS

IoU, and,&rother spat in your food and ui.ina-tEd,in iq,

Said'..,;.

':

Svm in South Africa tlre,, pubtc is, not that ptrp.i4 shrwdly balanffi complaints garre rne the
chence to intrude a

Tsafendas whispered back: 'You are obviously here to do a deniatr for the new government newspaper The Citizen, so -what's HGls no'fool, so I was,honest with him. nI can't write a eompletely onE-eldeit story saying what a bed of roses you have in jail. I've got ro put a few imall niggles in to urake it look, credible.' , .dftertaking photographs of Tsafendas in the high-walled courtyard (where he was allowed one hour of eirercise each day ifhe had betraved) we uooped back to Brigadier Visser's office for tea and a cosy chat with Visser and Major-General Jaanie Roux, the Dedfty Corytmissiont ofprmnr, who sat tn as witnesss. At otup etqge.I:turned to Tsafendas and told hln tl,rae if he had any 6pe of complaint whatsoever he &wdd,tsll me there and then. Tsafbndas understsod courplEtely. He srnlled at Brigadier Viqser. :' :Y-es. Tl ere was one wa.rds who was always abusive and
':'

little 'credibility' into thg gatganfilan

t698 inches of space The Cittzn:devoted

to my stories,,snd

that question supposed to mean?,

photographs that week.*' V'hen The Citizen published my exchrsive interview with Tsafendas in jail there was an immediate outcry. by other $outh African newspapers. They, had clatrtoured to iate,rview Tsafendap when the Obsqver story had appqgred;',$o why should I have been the only reporter allowed to see, him? The question was even raised in the South Africa[

torrnented

f*d I complained to the Brigadier. reprimanded hirn severely, didn't you,

uay of
sii?'

ma One day when he preterrdedto splt in rny

Aad: gou

parliament by Progressive MP.Mrs Helen Swr4{r.rf&rg:', Minister of Justice, Ivlr Jimrny Krqger, wriggled otrt of it by saying he had taken the decisisn to give me tlrer6pp6p. But fair's fair. He could hardly have admitted that I was a BOSS agent sent in,to smearthe Obseroer repor,t, coutdtls? The South African government's propaganda machine rnade sure my Tsafendas.story reached a wide audienm.,It was sgnt ,to newspaprs in several countric; aad,l i

Jaanie Roulr and spluttered 'Shy, yes, of course. I made that warder apologize to you, didn,t I?, : Tsafendas was now enjoying himself greatly. ,yes, and you alsorgave,a tongue-lashing to that other warderwho bashed me, didn't you, sir?' .SJg{ng up t9 pour Tsafendas another cup of tea, Visser said'Of course, Mq Tsafendas, but you wont deny we treat you well here, will yo-u?1 Tsafendas got thC message. He hadn't been called Mister for ten years and he didn't want to risk being given a good hi{i1S q{tb1 | had left. So he stopped his cuniiilg noorilr". It's all sickening to look back at now, but at dre time it r''es iust yhat I wanted. No propagandist with any sense woritrd write an article totally glorifying conditions in prison.

Caught unawares, Visser's,jary dropped in arnazement. He ggoe a frightened glance towards Deputy Commissioner

in Holland, lhe Niaxpe Reurt w&',imid.r,f*e Citizm a substantial sum for permissi,on to reprint my stories and photographs of TsafEsrdas over six pages in im issue of 17 Decernber. Two days later BO.SS roped iniits
rnagazine

ment in a British paper knocking the Obseroer's original story as being 'wholly inaccurate and sensationalist', and
demanding a retraction.

secret British propaganda front, the Club of Ten, by,gettihg Judge Gerald Sparrow to mount a massive {7,ooo advertise'-

But the Obssruq

wls

not cowed by these bully-boy

tactics. Being satisfied that its allqgations of ill=$safineft 1n Pretorials Central Prison were basically correct it stood its ground. Then Pretoria tried a different tack. Why didn't rhe Obsenter publish my stories and photographs of Tsafendas and his life in iail? This would be given to thern as a parcel, completely without charge. It was a shrewd sftnt but the

;
'

Verw.@rd',

Obserper did not fall for it. Their foreign editor, Brll, * Starting on zo October 1976 and headlined 'Why I Killed
l

.,'

'iif,1ffi t,l.lii]:i;
,,!,

'

l:'.

r11

. .i .

',r

t'i,.:!

,. it,)::::i;i.,

.',',"*w8!.|,|',..:

t".:.:\i!,

n.. , t!

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..!:,

;t; l:l ., ,',',Lir,i " .rililJ

J':i'];'l
i.':"t';''

.,

.':,1:,

48c - rl.lsrcE Boss

,Mi[inshipr, replied (I don-t,*hin] we would us,e,a rstoily IBesc#ed to, u,s in this way fum, a iournalist we know to be ,; ,cu@geted $tith BOSS.'. ,, ' ;,,tfftg.g6r*n went, one,.better in its leader columns on :r9,December. Under the heading 'Pretoria Fropaganda'. it ,irqsed ttri$ questioa: f,If ,ttre Sotith Africans are so keen to let the world knorr they have. nothing to hide in *reir :msntryr why'do they persisteotly rcfi$e entry vieas to ouf,
rcporters?'

'THg cirize-r.:' . 48r

fohannesburg mosque,'and gly lasyers say there's ab,soluely nothing to prevent me frorn doin$ thet '' Fearftl that this might encrlurage other people'to Copy

the idea and ridicule apartheid wen furthet, ,&e racial puritans in Pretoria scrabbled through their law books

iti..,. 'it;'t,
::,:.1).

i:,t::i;" ,;i"i:, -'l

.i

r::.

:ti"
r::t)'

Not dl my propaganda snrnts for BOSS wene so relevmt :,"S.t{re ouaide world. Even little paple inside South Africa rwge ,harrmered if they.got':tao,,cheeky. It rg77 a White weight-lifter.and gnqefum proprietor named Jannie 'Beqge wa^f,capgftib g be4foq'rtl with a Black photographic modgl.dkA iBubbhs',lvtpoodo. The couple were gpnuinely m::@,md had ben living togethr swetly for sever.al rl@drs. When ttrey we dlargsd under the Immorality :g$q"Jarnie took the mickey out of,apartheid by publicly enbousdng therp was no,tlring wro[& in his viewr alout ,bcing. in tove with a Blad< girl. 'If you love someone you don't stop loving theirr because .some snrpid law says you should.,The"hsarr is eolour-blind ,brain that tglls you to stop loving somF ,trt's gly;all o* tecarue their ekin is dark browq or Black.' ;,, , His wnnrer-rts gained massive publicity, as Jannie Beetge snas sn Afrikaner who zupported the government in every way except on the ruUli"t of apirtheid. Newspapers splashed pictures of thecouple all over *reir pages because there was yet another glaring contradiction. Jannie Beetge was incredibly ugly to look at and his Siil-friNld Bubbles uas bautiful, Ever the iokerJqnie *rcn teased the life out .of ,a.parthgid by:holding e pre$ conferencr at whicli he ,r.dbctosed his intention to marry Bubbles: This really was . fenstional. It's illegal for a Vhite to marry a Black in South :,Africa. But craffy Jannte had found a way round that. nl'm- going to marry Bubbles under Islamic law in a
,

hoping to find some way of blocking such a marriage.''Sut- ',. prisingly, they couldn't. But one bright spark in goverirm-ent service stood up after doing his homework, qnd said lAl marriage under Islamic traw may be permissible but' in terms of the Immorality Act, such a married couple would stilt be guilty of an offence if they slept together.l ,, ' Jannie Beetge reacted: 'All right then. I will ontry $ledF,:':,: with my wife across the border in Swaziland ot 1rtu4[g',41:','r] weekends. Put that up your racial pipe and smoke it.r I "Countering that, an ofrcial in the Depar,trnent of the Interior telephoned Jannie polite$ and said '\ffe will net allow Miss Mpondo to leave the country, so I'm afraid those
, .

weekend trips are off' Then they sent rne to maul Jannie, I found him a,lovable ' ', character of innnite jest: a rnan who worrld haw.aoomcd.'to: "'

stardom as a comedian in Britain beca-use his slsp:of '' humour was zany. He kept me in stitches for the best part of an how but that did not stop me writing a nastysend-gp story suggesting his main motive vlas to make money by ' getdng publicity for his gymnasium.* It was the beginning of the end for Jannie; other pral' '

goverirment newspapers started srhearing him and he was dedared an outcak Ly nearly all his Afrll<aner friends and relatives. Business at his huge gyrnnasium slumpedl and when he faced bankruptry Bubbles talked about leaving him. It was the last straw for the beleaguered Jannie. His mind cracked under the strain and late one night as he lay in bed with Bubbles,he shbt her dead and then blew his.. brains out.
' *

::'i

The Citizen, T April r97n headlined 'Joker

lannietseyo:Itrii

'
_
'i':

.1:,..1.t7

''' ..,_!.tttii, 'i l".ir'l&

i::.:\i!liti

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I1ltrir'ifirii
l,;
^

::i1.

lirr:r

'TEIB
Altfrotqgh ttrc South African gwenrmcnt rcpeatedly claims it is aGod-fearing arrd truly,ehri$ian body of mcn it never its'purrches if a .u.endy priest'steps-out of line. One

cttrzpx'.. 4$r

sidt magof Godwasthe CefuXic Bishop Donal Lamont, who,. after being deporteti.from.nfroAbia in ry77 for refircing to play inforrner-:against Blacks, appearld,on ,sarious American radio ahd relevision prbgr#rmes. He sto6d up and condernned .the fustitutional viotence of Ian :.'Enrith's racist regime' and said he didn't like the South African regime either. .,- It IE decided that Bishop Larnont should be aught a litde lesson, so a lerter which he had,written- eleven lears earlier was leaked to me., tsishopr Lamont had sent ii to a friend in South Afri,cs who always teased him about his Irish background; Tbe friend said rhat being an .Irish'rebel' his s5qpatliies,should naturally be on ttre side: of Ian r ,$inftlirs rtbel goverriment. And that is why, in his lettq dated February 1966, Bishop Lamont had iokingly ended 'his,,letter with the words 'Up The IRA'. I turned this .akhorth !i* Uy writing a slashing attack srating: -violen"" Bishop Lamont claimed
$sinst to den6unce acts of
terrorist activity, he has long been a supporter of the Irieh Repu-blican Army.' This, I poinred out in rrry story, was the
man of

ffie

St$'bad an qg(glcnrdon.for rhl$ ?hcJr,told hp &at Sttr Voods Wss,e. secf,et CIA agent'whose'aqsigwneot eAs,:to build SrEve Bikoup as afuturbBbckleader. ifyou*athge ,:: the South African governmetrt and they qrrutot smcaf,ym . ,. .' -'.r 'ir I Uornmumst, !r, 86 a Communist, they ap'ply tlre thg cIA CIA label. tabel. Pretbria put a stop to Donald .Woods.by,slappilg,gli banning order on him. That meant he could no longerwrite anything for publication. When Donald understandably from South Africa to tesotho in Janrury.r978; BOSG ' fled told me to grab rry passport, chase after him and find grt :, who had helped him to escape. I failed in that aseignmcrSr But while talking to meDonald Woods admined ttrat soae liberal Soutb African newspapenr had rather olcs., drarnatized his escape by saying he had divcd into a ragfury river and then swam across it to freedwr in Lcsotho. Donald told me: 'rVell, I didn't actually swim- It was more of a paddle. I threw my shoes and socks across to tlrc
.1

far bank and then waded

dd

fu

the United States, a man who had been noriinated for ttri r9Z Nobel Peace Prize and a rnan whci was rubbing 'dhouldgrs with President Jimmy Carrcr. The headline foi my $torywas: 'Bishop Lamont Branded As A Hypocrite'.* Africa's government supporters loved it ana nisnop _South
Lamont could hardly answer rhe uniust srnear by e:rplainine that his mention of the IRA was just a joke, so trl ignorea itl

who wae then being f6ted by religious bodies in

.bigbtave Dona!{V6odsr escape stories being pubtished Uy *te UU,erat'preso and cabled it at once to The Chizenr which splashed.tt across page one.* BOSS loved it and even flashed it to the South African infonnation attach6, Carl Noffke, in the United States. He went on arAmerican television show and uied to denigmte Donald Woods.by constantly repeating: 'He said he swarn across a raging river but he di&r't, he only paddled acrm,l. .But Woods had tricked us all. He really escaped disguised as a priest and was driven through a border pmt.
as a good knockdorrn of ihe
I

wet.t I saw this

afts them. I hardly

got my anktes.
;.. r,:.,i.]i,:

.Ano*rer victim was

Mr Donald Voods, the editor of the African newspaper Daily Dispatch. A campaigning .$.9ut! liSeral who was a constant thorn in pretoria's side, O6nati \Vsods was a close friend of *^" gh"k io"r"io*"os leader
Stwe Biko and often wrote abour this dynamic young Black.

* The Citizen,3o

September 1977.

Mrs Rita Hoefling was a well-educated ctrltured wornan of German descent. Aged forty-four, she was a voluntary., . hospital worker in Cape Town. In January 1978 she ma& world headlines because an inoperable brain tumour had caused her pure tVhite skin to slowly turn a blotchy ligts brown, In other countries this would not have mattcred, but * 3 January 1978, headlined 'Ifoods Drama,.

. ,

',..

t ,

:"

'TnE

cmlron'"

,.'

486,

in Souttr Africa it made her life he[; Neighbours staf,ted snlgging and saying she wae a Coloured woman :playing
Wlriter so that she could lirre in a \fihite area. Conductors on \ffhite buses threw her off thinking she was a Black. ,: An international news agncy picked up the story and flashed it to dre rorooo ner[spapers and radio stations it sefficed in too countries. Pretoria was furious and called me in to'give Mrs Hoefling a hiding when she blamed her predicament on the 'ridiculous'South African race laws'. ' It was not an easy task smearing Mrs Hoefling, as her skin ptoblem had obviously created widespread sympathy for her. But two main factors were in myfavour. Mrs Hoefling was so sick ofbeing pestered by the press that she had taken a cricket bat to'a Gers,mn television team when it came knocking'at,ber door. She had whacked thern across their becks as thl' fid down her garden path. This vras soine&ing to be highlighted. The other thing was that Mrs Hoefling was not used to dealing with iournalists who lvsnted cold hard facts. Vhen her story first broke she received telephone calls from newspapers all over the world and said *ris had deprived her ofsleep for three days, She .told one journalist: 'In one two-hour peiod I received no less than ninety-one calls.' This gave me the eKcuse to glount a thirty-six-inch-deep story attacking her in whi& I $ated that she was 'a neuf,oticr.trysterical woman who is prone to o<aggeration'.* , ir it is even more surprising when you know that I nevef interviewed or spoke to *re unfortunate Mrs Rita Hoefling.

glaffiiar to'suggest he was:wsducated and

hofiow vessel mqking abl noi,se,, ff I couldn't smash his facts or grammar and he w.as'ohviously telling the trutllt''I applied adiectival distortion,,nrisleading reasoning, or tri* verbals such as 'The author ha*omitted vital backgrcunid information giving the other point of view,' Or'ThEbdcik,
aimed at beguiling the reader.' If the author used damaging statistics to pro\re his case convincingly I pulled out the old ctichd that statistics can'be, made to lie. If he had used vulgar swear words or deScribbd sexual intercourse I sald the book was pornographic,xidt: . should quibkly be banned by Pretoria. If the book $ras" written in a racy style I called him a crude person of die*' gustingly bad taste. If the book was neither vulgar, selql nor racy then it was stodgy and heavy to plough through. If the book was written in a sensitive vgin I could label the author as one of those sickly humanitarians. If he took a reaeonable $ance on Rupsia, Cuba or any of t[e fuerr Curtain countries he was a crypto-Communist. That mant:"' 'FIe's a Communist but I can't prove it.'Any oppo.nent of apartheid who was obviously not a Comrnunist colrld be tagged'a Communist dupe'. If all else failed there was always one surefire method of attack: mistakes. Every book contains at least one ertor' whether of fact or iudgement. It could be the author's fauh or one of those gremlins in the printing works. There isht a
:

therefore a

contains misconceptions and deliberate over-simplifications

It

was the same when anyone wf,ote a book,attacking South

writer or iournalist in the world who has nQt suffered grernlinitis. The best 'blue' of my care-er was when tr,w*ote about a \fhite woman being raped by a Black man u$der a'

Africa, its government or the policy of apartheid. Pretoria would tell me to scrutinize the book carefuIly and find ah to give it a pasting. There are so many ways a -e'Fctrse latcherrnan can attack a book. ' If the author had written anything unkind or controversial Sbort anyone I telepho4ed thenr and got them to call him a ligr. trfthe author had used unassailable facts I attacked his
;,

* Tltc Citizen,

ro March

1978.

anyone said anything eomplimentary about ttre So{tli African government B O S S would instruct me to"givo thdc't ' ttre VlPtreatrnent, interview thern in depth aud'ttrm write

blue gum tree. The gremlini changed it to t a blue burn tee'. If I found mistakes in a book I highlighted them to show that the author was sloppy and could not be trusted to give an. accurate picnrre. 'Not all the propaganda stories I wrote were hit iobs,,If,.

{rfisrpB go$s
',

ffi,
s :one ulas::

soldiwr IIe visited South A{i'ica,in'Septernber 1978 to see ftlr,hiririself and.liked what he *aw.A neighbour of President .'&rruiin south'west Georgia,'he said Mr Carter would iake a different political stand on the subiect of South Africa:if he would only listen to Ameriears.big businss comrnunity'They are better informed on South Africa than he is and **ey. wo.utd definitely tell him to increase im'estment with instead of threatening to curtail it.' '..ygr -,,,Forthdt nice little quote I garrc him serrcnty"oix ibches of r " ptne adulation in Tlu Cidda ode6r8eptember- ' -l People who were frieqdly tor-alds South Africa gme fffin all over the world' Some were top personalities from Germany. It is quirc surprising how many Germans speak scathinsiy of Hitler's Nazi regime yet are fulIof adrrriratiin Like the Freadt, they hotd up their handg for $otrih when it is suggested they are selling arms' in horror'tti.". qnmuriitisn and ottrer military hardware to the uphol'decs ot apa*neld. Yet the truth is that Pretoria car get alno$t anyitiiae it wants from thooe countries as lgnc as the Wgds s,tpptiea through secret front men in differelrt countries. "tiftonina too, alihough it professes'to abhor sparttrcid, feels anstural bond with the Afrikaner because of his Durch tin*"e. Anvone who doubts this should know tha.t several

a'glwi,aewunt,of tlreur and their views. 5oa6 6fo411,E*e Cocke, one of, "taerica's.lmost

tiq-nsanilhadbenmorethanl ed,to&eeoifitwh,ere,
in yet.anodrei: lerge feature a$de, he had written &g't the South Af:ican Prisons Deparprrct deserrred'a c.tttn laudel. I coultl not believe my ears. If he h*d seen any'area,ctf Soweto outside Dube Village, or if tre had seen insidemy
wearing heavily'ros+tinted spectacle optician frcming for BOSS.
prison apart from the modern showpiece iail at I-eeuwkop-and had come away impressed - then he'must have bpen

decorated

sqplid

by,'un

Being a spy makes a man devious and ultra-sulpiclmt$, are not atways on the alert forpo* sible traps you soon get caught out. But being sr:spiciun you often see trirps that arc not really there, You stut lgok;t' ing for doubles and even double doubles, and after a'fe*

It's only mtural. If you

years you almost become paranoid. If, is BOSS had told me, Mr Prosper

t*'io"t""tlsts in Holland

*tr**o possible. Pretoria has an unusual 4y * lh frospo J. Ego, editor of the Dutch magazine S'z-'Vast t""":"sl Mr Ego considers himself to be a Dutctr "ii*:.I"t liberaf who is happily married to a Coloured woman fron Indonesia. Yet after Mr Ego had vlsi-ted Soutlr' Africa on a
rteiie a shock. He had not been impressed by South Africa's hbsal ptogtgssive Party. He had visited the Black township So*"to-*t a came away so impressed that he had gone honre and wriften a rernarkably fair t*'o-page Gature article

openty support South Africa

Dutch Ubsal, what on earthwere the right-wingers like in Holland? No; it was impossibte. B O S S must hsve m{&,,'ljril a *state. On *re other tranO, it might be an elabmxe tr-{lt;-rlr;i laid by Mr Ego'to make us look.fools. Perhaps hdihad'nofr -'' wrinel ttrose-flattering articles about Soudr Africe at all. And so, to protect my back - and the balanceof my rnind; I telephoned Mr Ego again and asked him to send me qies , ofhiJarticles. ge aia. Itwas true. Onlythendid I'write irryro :t massive feature articles praising Mr Ego.* But ttre man still
a
:

I.

Ego realty wre

baffies

In March rgTT thechairman of the United Nations Cunmittee Against Apartheid iszued a shock statement aleging
drat between 8,ooo and 9,ooo meritally

me.

' ''

.'

Ocsweek fast-finding missiorr in r9ff, BOSS rcld me to tstphone him at his ofrce in The Ha8u9: I did"so and got

"Uont

it

He had investigated South African prison

ondi-

ill Blac*s weretring ttreii *il-l in privacely against detained badly treated and o*tr"d South African institutions whidrwere subsidized by the SouthAfrican goverrunnt. The SouthAfrican Ministet of Health, Dr Schalk van der Merwe, attacked the UN state' ment saying that the facts in it, which had been compiled by members of the Churdr of Scientology, we'ie not acctl$lg * The Citizen, S October 1977, headlined 'The Vorld Is Telfing Lies About South Africa's Prison System' (Says flutch Jowt$list),
and 15 October 1977, headlined 'A \Triter Who Belicves Ia Fair Fley':

;!i
.'t,,:i,

4{"

rxgtlln

Bg$$

'?FE crtrtzBN'
-ereradrnit

'.4$,

,rr.'1;rl

B,OSS hadconrehow obtained adv'Arrce knowledge about the UN statement because, three,moRths earlitr'.ryIy BOSS

it

publicly,

Vorster and

ild#

il.iottun.tuurg, w. P. Le-Roux,

"illil**i,t in South Africa. BOS$ told me that the prime ft*irtt Elsllshmalnaned t*;At" my probe should be a yopng public relations officer fo1 the as worked ,Nifef fa*irfuho I discovered in Scientology of JohannelFutg' OFbfr"t"ft
,tology.

had instruaed an investigation igto the activitiep of Scien-

Ambassador in London, Dr Carel de Wet. Friendship means a lot to Sslsrt Weaving and he cant-

bn itooer'iot&erformer Soulh,,A&im

bcds

he'e e cloee fr,iend of, tohn,:

tftm.tnt Tasker was also connected with a grqup known as that this G::S*i".y for Safety in Mental Healing' and of ScienChtlrch" for the organization gro,rp *"t u ftottt
submitted to documentation s,ecre-tthe ell BOSS on Nigel t-asker:and gOSS g"u" ri" in connectiog with the Church of Scien;f

{et his friends dovm. He is the'fot$rder and ctrairsraa'of Friends'of the Springbok, an ofgeriizarion which nun*iqre ': roo,o@ mernbers in ten countries. He is slso the,-cltairmsp : of the Veaving International Friendstrip Foundation; which has almost tralf a rnittion members in Britain, South Africa'
Ausrralia,,New 7&lolord and Canada. Obviously, frindShip is big birsiness to him: if yorr belong to his various gr.stpg tre arrangss reduced fares for you bet'weerr South Africaad"

iiitt

have a copy of the fiv6-pqge report

tfogy.

sr.rbmitted ryy repo{ 10 BOSS, Nigel io[l,t"u"p*ed in court on a charge of dealing in drugs' f kn"* ifwas a grossly unfair'charge which had been,set up butl stif wrote a smear story on the subject'* lr-noSS, ."B,ri somewhere along the line I apparently made a mis; tule -b""urrt" Nigel Tasker, during a telephone call-bugged Soon after

1976 sorne rcopoo of his mbqrs' To erygp$t what this rnssin of this ofrgr. took advantage terms of cash flow, more than {zo million has beeo goor' ated in air fares alone. Mr Weaving nanrnally takds & m

Britain From 1968 to

by BOSS, told one of his friends that lre knew l.wcs a ilOSS ug*t and had been set up to m9nit94 his activities' ..+" it fruip.otd, Mr Tasker was acquitted on the drugs g o d S told me they intended kicking him out of Jt *"" "d,i Soutl Africa. I do not know if this was done' I never saw
Nigel Tasker again,

'-ttre

in the a \[/eavingStuart is Mr public sphere British -tough ?orrcniri-Uorn millionaire who made his fornrne- bq tuq&
South African goverrrment's greatest friend

ine the Pennine Group, a vast te>rtile empire which is the *tlJilinnot of its U"a i" the United Kingdom' I always Veaving as' apart from being a fellow

'-career as a piumber's apprentice at the age of fourteen' He :divately dit"gtgo with apartheid, but I doubt if he would *TheQitizen,glunergTl,headlined'scientologyLeader'Bailed
Oo Dagga Charge'.

"*r.a"t'Stuart *oircnir"-"tt, he had made it the hard way -

Mr \treavingis clubs tlrroughout Britain hold regds ,; meetings where SouthAfrican afairs are discttssed ahdqln&,' are sho:q/n. $onrc of tlrese films have bcen sr,rpplid'!y"&,1'' South Afriqan Oeeartment of Inform*ion- Ifrs Frierd;'of : the Springbok a*ciation brin$ out an expensircly pre duced'gtossv maggzioe whictr is given to members frec of cfrarge; One copy I saw contained fifteen photographs which had 6een previously published in the South African Infornation Departrrent's propaganda journal South Africu Digest. Anothr @py I have on file shorvs Mr Weovipg ' presenting a gold satue of a Springbokto Mr John Vorstpr wtren he was South Africa's Premies It would not be fair to $tn@ Snrart Sfeavilg as 4 sffit : South African propagandist. There's no secrst abotrt. his love of South Africa. It's tlrcre for all those with eyes to see. Mr Veaving has never been given a hard time by anti.

mission on the flighre he has arranged.

'

starting his

;"d;fit;; t* &il",living in a beautilirl . Channel ISlands.

f

South African demonstrators in Britain. They can't go ctranting slogans qgainst him' He's sb rictr he has hed'tp :.i vilh'u,J@g5i,' r'
,,_:..,r;:.;..,.i,r
:

first became aware of Pretoria's love for SEusl

Wa*aS

.;il..i|i.

ii

,,'.';4S : IN$IP&'Bq88

id

ilii"#ffi";*";;ri;;.-ni I rnonery'raising appeal in Britain'

n'a taunitred
q"Pp?"t

rozo when thev asked me'to rrit-ea $or$ sbout trim for attenrpts to get the springbok

Tb;-a;ti;;b;k Cricketirs ;;;-;Jiti p"r"t Hain's

to Johfrnesburs !9 lauqch.qnottrcr ki:rd of a;ltpaift. li *"t very clwer. Hc placed aborit {8o'ooo *otitt o?.au"ttit.nr.tttt itt South Airican newspapert]"$. ti*C 'So*" Of Yirur Closet Friends Are Being Brainthat their **t*ai. frc adverts told South African readers being were Kingdom United the iffid- *a t futiuo in that believing into new$papers British bv ,Ut"itt**ft"a ,iloil Afrl"; wis a terrible ptace. Stuart Weaving prornised that if South Africans pent him the names a1ld ;;;;; ;dr6ses of .tt.it relatives and friends in Britain' He "U ;;;;;; ri;";;Gship orhis Frtenis

w-ho ffi;i"""*;s tour of Britain caoiaua Mr weaving' magezine monthly a Vetsh of &tsW, ffiacltJ; the editor ;;H"hJ in Wales, told me he was teriibly upset by Peter ii"i";; d*t;nstrations against the Springbok rugtyteam's not i*t of gtitin' and he ianted to make sure Hain did topr'* sricket African South the stop ,o ;;; ---Wftif"i" hfprro 1978' Stuart

ud;fi;n;

*asiorking oi fU Citizenin

early

African govenirnent's front ptseilizdtidntlie Glrrb of Ten;, which by this time had been oposed as a front. The nrrrnur started spre'eding round Johannesburg that:Mr Weavrng might also be a front rnan for Pretoria. That is wlren BOSS' called me in to write a story knocking this rurnour flat ",' Life can be really funny. Just before I went to interview my old friend Stuart Veaving, his public.relations officeg Mr GeoffWald, came and offered me a {66 bribe if I would write a knockdown gf the rumours against MrllVeaving'' It was the first and only bribe I took during my twenty.yerys as a iournalist (unless BOSS mo{rey is counted as a brbO}"i I took it because I was amusled by the irony of the situadim:r"fl oid ]stu"tt deaving could atrord it;,31e ;;; ;ft* "tl,'ai* got his money's worth. My story appeared over a page and he was delighted.*
The rnight of B O S S propaganda lvas not always applie& to political matters. In April 1978 the.famous heart surgeon Professor Chris Barnard was gallivanting round the danee.
.

'

;;;;i;"-;ffi.*
oftrti Spti"gbok

fJ"tt*' wftt
South Africa.
.-',

association and letrthera attend its regular they would be told the truth about llfe in

addresies of some zoo,ooo-91tlrei'^friends "t** in Britain. The clever part of all thisl of course' .u"di"luiiu". 'Ae had loo,ooQ more potential ';;-.hil Mr lreaving then flights to South Africa' And' special .iL"" i""nlt

fL!-5J"*t

*a

African public loved it and sent Mr V-eaving

"-hutto almost most of ttrosi clients were married, that figure can even fares' air in money of be doubled. It's a huge amount
as

per cent oI ttre .clients ffew to South Africa for a or Years later. then boliday

if-""fy

*fl;;;-ili;;"
i*a

.i"

$arq-eve! south -som9 advertisements Weaving's Aftieanlreaaei noticed that Mr

tinv

snag'

"f*".tfte Sunday * Johannesbvg

same format as those published by

Exptess,

*re South

z6 April t97o'

floor of a New York night club at midnight wi*r'arr'Ex";' tremely pretty \Moman in his arms when sorne srnaf,t lens+l ' bug banged off a quick photograph and gave it to a'news agerrcy. ihe photograph appeared in a South African nelf,'s- " paper within hourl and was seen by Professor Bamard-'s beautiful wife Barbara, who had been left at home because' hi:r husband was away on 'an important business trip involving the Departrrrent of Information'. Barbara wd$, livid, anf, iealous. So she telephoned hubby Chris and'rsd, him the riot act during which she threatened to pack^her bags and go home to Mum. Chris ran to the South African Information Department office in New York and begged them to send out a coverup story which would save his rirarriage. But they wisely pointed out that such a move would be rather obvious. 'lvtuch better if a'non-involved' iournalistcould bebrotrylrti ,' into the act. Then the international wires reaUy began to * The Citizen,zT February 1978, headlined'British Tyeppq Deniee
.

Tie-Up With SA Government'.

.ag*. fxBrDF'Boss
burn. An Infoman in New Yorttelephoned gPTtl H:J: asked for help' I{! r*'ir." il-tgtt ai ttis ptetotia bme andr$"0y" to rne and rams sveml for iil-ffiidffi,ng"e at my me would fix it. Then he telgphoned '-frd',,,itu
office in lohannesburg.

36 ",HOW THEY..84.NNf]D
w0 R ID'

TTHE

-1ihr;;;;friend iarl in America,'he

said, grvrnggrethe

..

)...:ti:..:

Barnard is having iealousy problecns'' ountUo;Cft"it .r-i$rt""J Mr Carl Nofke who was then our resldent b;;*td" man in Vashingon under 'coverof being an African Embassy there. ilIb'ffi; counsellor at the Sou*r Balard" his was Cbris for up lined all ,tiUi nti"A;*

,,. . :

and it's sister paper

.:&e etorY: -Chris *"t mtalfy innoceng IIe bad iqst ha-ppengd to ' l.'Poo,
l{,SSOgfALgD w

ilasses theyhadmissedwhentheir schoolswereclosed

rgT6south Africa's biggest Black newspxpe\TlwYft{ TIu Veeh'end lVmld starte4 to pil&ilidr 6""ttt lessoni to tt"tp Black students to catch up-glt1t&

ln

durir*'

Vrd"'-"St-t"vin"d him to dance ,n"ln"O--o*""a her roundthe dancefloor for afewminutes' his day had been vry iil"t frtno this he had left'becauseprlsto' ttre photograph tired. Hey 'frffin'""d rt" was quite midnigbt hed at dance floor club ffi;.f hi*"".tt" *ettt

tltr9.94.u l"ry- g:-P,p--"I^b:17 p";-iJ rh; *gt" "nir*r".'Mrs Elma i3n z!" 1'tto.woffd rrv lfqr *t* ;"ff;; Servigg office jn New il;-rlt;d.h African Information and, not wishingto$ rude'

the Soweto nots. The lVmtd had some agreement *-tilh"' iJv t-t"a the South African Commitiee for-ftidrg " Education (SACHED) and a correspondence college in
Johannesburg called Turret which had cttmpiled t}rc lessoits' The SoutliAfrican government was furious when one of

b*t, 't*tt."t elY misleading" - --i:onrot

tttit in'ten minuies flat, i'st in time for our next to *rat Barbara Barnard would be able to read my "aiti*t. tt* breakfast table nort morning'* Sourg #?il"i

.;"bb;i)ttttlin N"* York and said she was sorry she'd

;;;;;; il;w

;[the

breaks: Later in *re dav Barbara telephorred

handle. Lucky for him, she said' some'enteritlr*g;i"*"alist in fohannesburg had discovered he was innocent. -'b;;*1

.ff*h"

-'Pr'rt*tA Danae Photo'.

ever to sa.,v Chris Barnard was eguemay grateful' him' to contaet hesitate shoutdnit ** r.."n I ;;& ' ::"':4 T,e " Citfzat, r7 April 1978, headlined 'The Truti Behind The

H. I.van den Bergh telephoned-me-nNrt If I

day

the lessons published 6y The Wortd gave details aboqt the-,,, l nnssi"" Revolutlon. SOSS was confrnced that thisryas'ali a cunnihg plot to teach Soweto cbildren how to'nrdmtjtEr :I was called in lrthe $err il;Gil-Co**unist fashion.Kruger, and told to mi*do ilfi"istJr of Justice, Mr Jimmy and the Turret Corre' SACHED into full investigation -School, which was being run ry a young Ylrhite spondence named Dave Adler. Mr Kruger wanted me to publish a big attack on thqm, lessons on ihe Russian Revoluiion which would give frim,thei ercuse to move in on The lVorld and ban it. This eounded like a massive,investigation, bu,t Mr Kruger totg $e n9!. to worry, as BObS had already cotnpiled all the information I might need. I should tiaise with Piet'swanny'-Swanepoel, * the head of the r07hite Suspects section of BOSS. Swanny was an old friend of mine. He gave rne hundreds of officiai'BOss and Security Police documents in co:r' nection with SACHED, Turret and The Wotld's lessa$ on revolution. Among those documents were many eopiis :of confidential letters which BOSS had intercepted ot stolen fusrr- The Vortd, I spent hours being b*iefbd 'by
:

'

49$ .

rNsrDB Eoss,as

, ltow

TIIEY,,&{NNeD ''1rt[8'Wo*I;D,' 'lilgj.

]swanny Swanepoel, who told me that the CIAw tlrereal villain bf *re piece. Unknow4 to TheVorld, SACHED or Turet College, the CIA had sec#tly sluiced about {7o,ooo throush to SACIIED via the World University Service flf US), which, whether it knew it or not, had be.en used as a ClA'conduit then and on several other occasions in the
prove his point Swanepoel showed me a copy of a bsnk siatement which showed that at the timb SACHED rhad atiout.dr65,ooo on fixed deposil at Nefic Limited, Fox Street, Johannesburg, account number z'7$8'4ot755.,; $wanepoel'said that the money' which had come from the Swedish International Development Authority and the Bernard Van Leer Foundation, which was a highly respected liberal body in Holland, was 'genuine', but the CIA money was prrched through to South Africa pe.cause tne !ta,

.- To

Past.

.exptoi.tod rpor&ers should,ffiite, cfeafie a.etxrotutbrt afld bring down the exploiters, who were called capitqtiftsj lllhen the children were told how the workers of Rrish revcltied; took control of the country:and;lntroduced a new systefir called Communism whictr meant thet all the goods ttrey produced were shared out equdly ,arnongst rfi" wonneni. How did the workers bring abort'this revolutionr?. Ttclr organized amongst themselves, held strikes and mornted protest marohes;. Many of thern were shot dorrm when.tlrey held thene peaeful rnarches, and many were tlu,own, ill(o manrcllous srory for TLu Citizat.

'

*anted rlhe seeds bf revolution planted

in the minds of

r SowEto's Black youngsters. , , BOSS had sent one of its Black agents (a teacher from

'Bcphuthatswana) to attend a Sunday morning lealqing evdnt on the subiect of the Russian Rerolution at- a.Bp{ dchoolroom in Evaton on 7 March rgZ6. This teach-in had been arranged by Tutret Collqge and was based on a history leeson compiled by them. There was nothing subversive about this; it was quite legal under the terms of the schools wllabus.'Posins as a sflrdent' the Black BOSS agent had sicretly made a=tape recording of the learning event, which consisted of slidesihown on a portable screen while a taped
lesson was played through a loudspeaker system.

all day fot .'"ry little money, lived in hovels and died of i*tarvation while the rich noblqnen did no work and ate i oake. Then a marvellous man cgme-1long named Karl Marx
who was so coricerned about the plight of the workers that he wrote a book called Das Kaphal in which he said that

*er

Swanepoel let me listen to the tape made by the Black BOSS agent. In the South African context it was political dvnamite] It told the young students that living conditions u."y bad for the masses in Russia. They worked hard

All I had m do was rvrft#,,, ,, emphasizing ttre fact that the lesson ,m,dlb ., Rueslan Revolution had clearly been devised so tftst Blfl(* children listening to it would immediately aseoeahthernselves with the downtrodden peasants in Russia. Yes, tlere \pas no doubt about it. This was a deliberate stttrrpl,to 'i'l plant the seede of revolution in'thcir minds, which qdl- , only cause more riots to brcak out in places like Soweto. I ntrninatd on all this aloud to Srraorry Swanepoel. ',r.' ,, :: , "Yes, drat's the way to hand,le,the stdryr' he said. 'Bct dont make any mention of the CIA irrvolvement. Iust prrt it down to a cunning and deep-laid Comrnunist ploar i, Fantastic. Even better. This would gpve Tlu Ciiizalt'&e chance to splash such headlines as 'We Expose Massive Red Flot. How Moscow Starts Black Riots in South AfricA . , ',: . ",1; Kids Brainwashed at School . . .' There was only one thing BOSS wanted me todobcfore I broke the story. I must confirrn that Turrct Coltege had issued ttre astonishing tape. Once I had done thts, my

prison, but in the end the day was won. As I listened to the tape I realized

'.;1.,,'ti

thet this wo*,a

sn amhle

stories could be published and Justice Minister Jirnmy Krugerwould iump in,ban The lV*ld newspaperirndmove, against Turret College and SACHED. But it was no 9o,.. I inteiviewed Mr Dave Adler at Turret Coltege an& hp ,.';: onvinced me that the tape had definitely rwt berrrr iwed by'him or his college. He took me to the proiector,xqorgdiidl., let me watch the slides which had beenshovrri &*irfu,*1

'

ji96 . *uruo{, 9,0ss

.'

,,:,:

: '

8OW Tt{$Y AAni$,i[.Sp',:{#ger--P1irlrffi,:,'

enthrrsiastic, to say the least. fficn I lierencd to it I threw a"fi.trrsaying it was. not only."wtional but ridiculouely

.tr,went to Enaton andintendewed eone'of the students who

Sunday tnolging leaming elrcsl,at rtb Black $chbol in Evatori qd the entire taped uusion of that lesson was also olavdd to me. ' 'io make ab.solutely sure Mr Adler was not conning me,

dangerbus as
ma88e.'

it

could incite,Blm*''$tudsflts to rebd en '

the event. The(e lras no doubt about it. The ioO played on fiat ",t*a"d FFe given to me by BOSS had not been

ocroion. Mystified I returned to Swanny Swanepoel's 'gffice at BOSS headquarters in Pretoria, and the two of*us eat trying to puzzle the whole thing out. It took an:hour; but ,nnaUi wJ solved it. During our delibsations Swanepoel ,Etentioned that B O S S had ar'ranged'f,or several documents to be stolen from Turrei:College' (I was not told whether this was a break in .or an act of theft by someone working at tlre collese.) Amqngst those documents had been'a tape orrirr.. ii titt" borJa history lesson on the |ussian Revolu.tion.'suspecting 'what had .happened, I suggested to

more reasonable lesson on the Russian ReYolution: one vely similar to the discarded lesson in terms offact, but eenotively different - and quite legal. By telling Dave Adler that I had knowledge of thu diq'' carded tape I blew my cover. He realized at once that I was . a BOS S agent. He knew he was the only one to have treard,. 'r that tape ipart from the compiler; so how on earth hed 1I ', : managed to get a transcript of, strange that the reiected tape cassett is missing frun our office. Do you think BOSS could have stolen it?' he
_

After listening to the tape ldr:'Adbr had throrvn it into a drawer in disgust and instructed csmeone to compih,a

":)

'Itt

it?

.$wahepoei that we should exarrrine { very 9}9eely' ^ ^ ^ &ly suspicions were confirmed. Some idiot at BOSS cassette' The on-the label n"aalpartits had put the wrong g O Sb serial number written on the tape did not correspond with the serial number on the report of the Black agent who had atter,rded the leaming everlt in pvatqn' The cassette I U&Oinmy hand,was the one stolen from Turret Collegg-by ii OS S. rt ftua been mixed up with the taf e the Blaek B O S S gge$ had submitted: a tape which showed there was nitni"g subversive or revolutionary about the learning event he had attended. It was a bitter blow for us, but then Swanepoel said 'Whichever way you look at it, Turet CollgSg mlde tlat revolutionary tdpi - the one we stole from their office' Go *O n"a"orrt whi they cornpiled it, and whether it was ever used in a public situation.' . Hopes iaised again, I went back to see Dave Adler at

B.OSS confirmed to me later that Mr Adler knew I wm one of their secret agents. They showed me a trsnscript a telephone conversation they had brrgged benn'een Mr aater anC his wife Josie. I stili have'a aJiailea note of;thqt bugged conversation, during which Mr Adler made it cle+r to his wife that I was a spy. There is no doubt in my gptld that Mr Adler and his wife will remember aod confirm that telephone conversation, which, if BOSS had not bugged it, would be known only to them.

asked pointedly.

pf

'

f,urrit

College. Ilopes dashed again. Adler explaine!' 'Y-es, tuih a history lesson compiled. on ttre Russian th*" Revslution, but the researcher who compiled it was over-

*t

After listerring to Dave Adle!'s explanation about tlrs discarded lesson on the Russian Revolutio:r, I gave, a ftr[ repoft on the subject to Swanny Swanepoel at BOSS. He ttren'submitted his whole dossier to the Ministei of Justice, Mr Jimmy Kruger, in which he clearly'pointed Qutrthe mistike *hi"tt had been made. This,dossier consi$ted of hundreds of documents, letters, transcri,ptions of tapes and various secret reports. But, as he waded through it all, Mr Kruger made an incredible bftrnder. He presumed thSt, the misnumbered transcript of the tape stolen from Tgrrpt College was thb lesson published by The lVorld-. Mr 6{tgBq had missed Swanny Swanqpoel's-correctiga of this.

i-,,', I .

1 ie wuW rypet, K{i#6 ,,bffi-boUozr., Mdlaterbenriltr'Dave'Adler of the Turset broke that ffi;J"":"N;;i-"*r"g -u this, when the news mv shrugged :;ilii;; tt"a uttiea The rVmtit r ir:st
detais

Itwac

ghsstty mistak bccmse it esused Justicefrthiger

ffi

its'*dkgi'l{r

cotporation programme to ;e:rplain *tw t Jrt"a banned \h',e Votu3 " published'ia Tltc ,' r, Reading o", "*JoJfrom erticls r*get m;tion"d,{ra 'certain been pnrblished bY that nsY.:papef ,al." 1T: had u*i.i.r' contmung ur when riots by schoolchildren yere- stlll r heard him sav dris' ears yhen t'pl*v ;;uto. il#kd onJia"'*at soing sav' And he said it'

had obtained'new evidence; #;fi;;a presumed that he might hawmade a bhrnder' i.-**ut'he ;;il;;;;;a .ii;-,i;|i f"""a out wtren Mr Kruger appeared on a,$outh

ilililblt. '6fi:rt,

;6i;;-B;e"uttitte

f::SEl

Minister Knrger later blamed me for his mistake, I made a'tape reaotding of my conVdryition with Swunepoel dilt day. This ie what he said: .Good God isn,t tharminister quite as mad as a hatter . . . On my word of honour vou know. . . that's absolutely ridiculor:s-. I don't know how he could say that' (on the SABC progamme). I then asked: 'Somebody made a'mistake, I presrmre?' Swanepoel replied: 'He did, not somebody. He did. I mean this is going to make a fool of him, on mJ, word.f Shortly after I defected from BOS S and flew to Eurgpe, Mr limmy Kruger was pulled out of his iob as Ministerof of the Senate. But he is going to have some pretty taugh orplaining ro do because I have givgn the nana Oairy nfrit a copy 9f my taped conversation with Swanny Swanepoel the former head of BOSS's White Suspect.section. (He was transferred from that section and pushed out irno some iob deep in the country.) To prove my case I also gave the Rand Daily Mail no fewer than. thirty-tfuee copies of tbe secret documents an-d intercepted letters supplied to.ne by' BOSS in connection with its investigwign into TtuWorU, ,SACH'ED and Turet College. Maiy of these a"L-t"ti bear official rubber-stamp ma*s, section numbers and B O S S or Security Police reference numbers. I also gnve the Rand Daily Mail detuls of the telephone call which BOSS bugged between Dave Adler and his wife. I {eave it to the IuIaiI to.ensure that the trtrth about the banning of Ttu Vorld is exposed to the South African public, and I also hope tlrgy will campaign to have the unfair banning order on Mr Dave Adler lifted.
Justice and given a new position. Today he is the presidF6g

-' 'And ,tbi"g fpp**-d ^ that {1" -ila"ooiextracts Jwn"t he claimed lr1d He read out Ytt, you've.guessedit' :#il;#;"po. Revolution lesson whicft ;ffity -',,,i*tp. ol *6 Russiin and whic! llridtwt The'lY'orld n p"uriun"a ;;;tG; ' :' I ':" been issued Uy furret College;'' '.: srar.ry$q '"-,iu;:x"rd t a;tn *n'*ulrJrre tohannesburs. published , l,t"uufk ti i*ii'riii wiUfto see if it had really And, of @ule' i!' ha+n:t' ilrri?' C[*"i"""i-document" a"i;- t[h*tt ttrey rraae hav out 'of Justicq {i{ster
'

ffi ; ;;;;t"d; ": co-'i'*i't documeit iiffi til appeatt :-'iIe then this kind of " ,ililE""t"*ia

;'kr&:;dcttv

!o

Fubtisherl that G:ontrover;;-o!s ,nii rn psrld had not operativ-1who tool emd*t tt"tv .., ;i*iletI;. Si"*"p*ib man' He too wa{l I ;;ile;L nis wort as an intelligence I report to Mr siiumittea frltt!. fr" saia nettraa aen*tety mistake,-^
abot-lt the 'i<rGr warning him ttran to protect my back in t""t* i"'fftno-oart"i
c89e-

':-r'i'a; tE ehaftered that I telephoned Swanny Swmpocl Knrger 1o'm*e this r" mf-frfui-i"* tre naa a[orn'ed'tvlr *ated in my report dearly ;di*b; mistake *ft* t had

Kruger's gaffe.

* SABC, z3 Octobcr r97.

..
;rli

'-i':'i.;i",
1

-*

-.,..

':

3F.1',filuFDER
'FRA U D

A ', lttff;ilnlLtfo'tt
i,,,i

,: . li

MUXDER.,A$I} IlruLT1-MtI.-frO!{ FRAUD' 5oI

:, , Gai" of or ;"*ti*J case because Dr Sr-n-it' one-of-$1Bory .rnmeflls the Nationalr$ paruaIn Nwembe

shot had only nicked his skin, whictr strongly indicated to police that he had seen his assailant and'had triedto dudr hie
head.

mn tfiberalgpcs'were:waiting to talk ooUtics with him. Bud he did,notalrive at hiC,lhome,until iUorn mianight. As he eniere*& front'door thnee.hrilh.ts were-fired athirn by a rnan staffiig in dte trallsnay; Dr8nit fell dead with wounds in thehd,;as& and chest. Thc fint
going honrer'rvhere

ry77 South Africa was shocked !V ttre-do1ltg douert Smit and his wife JeanlQrat It was3

Neighbours told police that they had heard ttre sound

qf

top fmancial experts, was standing as Springs constituency rn tne -int"tv candidate for the sos 3 immediatelv threw m-e- into fiod'ottt whethei the assassids had been

ffi.iti.-"s*" *"* tdifferclrt aspects.

;;d;i ;;i;iection. i##-ffi"d;to ffi;1';;ff il'oit6J

assigned

rra"t*orld, A coupie olo$er by B0SS tg:,loot rnto

ri;;t &;F taken to the Smit home shorttv- tftT tlr" for Ufiinx *a alowed to watch the police searching it dF let me to told was +ter li,i$lttt" rot"r poii." chiefpromised t9 keep fv han*-j1 ;;;;, ""a tt. .stit.a wrren I fingerprints on the
my poctets to prwent me snrudging
watls aird doors.
f ltiunge r *"t shovn the armchair where lv-iry s*{ 6Jr*tg" ffi the 'iln pn1''Sfe friialtbJo--sitrfis watching television at a!ou1 8

she had-obviously ile hrJr,"*;d"to light a cigarene when cigarette in-the ashtray

shots, but BOSS told me *rese people had been mistahdq. The killings had been commiued by tn'o men both u${tg guns fitted with silencers. The assassins had cldarly receiV*f training rn the rlse of firearms. They had not 'swpt'tHi. guns frbm side to side as vinainc'do in Hollywmd fib::s; 'TheJ were profesionals who had aimed their guns in a downward ochopping' movement so that bulla-,mfusing the head would'rip into *re neck, cheet or stomadr. ft was a baffiing case. Everything about it was ptru[*fi,r]r,,;,r::.1 Tomake it even more bizarrer-ome of tlre assassins had ubi6d.' 'i'""-'' an aerosol can of paint to spfiry the words RAUrlTEi"Iiffi' :' ' the kitchen rpan end the word RAU m the doot of &b .,,, fridge. To this day the police do not know their inegdrigl r . and the killers remain free. Two days afcer I had been to the Smit home, my handler, General Jack 'Koos' Kemp, tipped sre off that a bigmouthed policeman had srupidly tnentioned to a Rmd DdIt .Mail rcpoter that I had been allowed inside the murder
.

il;a;;;ite.
lnd

;;;;;t i;r"k-" *ffii;A;;ii"

ie

ine becausishe had lifted her left hand to protect her face. had travelled through thegkin of her palm and hit her in the temple' Two other bulletg ;il; iiua rriilr", in lower parts'of the face. she had died within p.tt-itott"* examinatbn disclosed -t!at -at " her deafr she had been stabbed in the iro"rr'urt", back fifteen tirnes. *ut shot her husband had been in cntrd left friends at 8"r5 pirn', say'ing hc was had Sptlogt.

stooa up. Seconds later sh9 h-a{ see1t sorngtnlq

she liad placed the

hotirse.

m11g

ffi;;;-L"lGi th;b ;;

iUow"a anywhdre near tlre house, never mind inside it.'-fhere's even a rumorlr going mund the ,it{cil rtltc perhaps you wene taken there as a sulipect. 'C;ome onn . Gordon, let's have youlconf-essi9n,'Kemp ioked' '.. : .I did,n't think it at all funny and quickly sdrerned upa ploy to put the Rand Daily Mail ofr the sent. I told KW .that while in Dr Smit's home I had looked at tha st@ B'aUTENcpreyed oothrwall and wondered,if the rlyould,get a handwriting qepeft to anab'se tl!eq,{'.: ,rl'i 1..,.!, ;

zuspicious.

.Itre'Rand Daily Mail staff were'puzzM;ai{ No other iouqalist in ttre country Bdl@

r:1'";: 'r r'i!' -Sqrr 4qglpglBolr$'i

;rr ;:: :""

'

tHell".fidinl thgt's a leklcer:$fu;l seid'Koryry', !f '&inliJ*e :''io : -' i 1''i.': ' I'' ehgddlggtithatdoneatorrg.l'ir.t ---ilirntl nrne ef one of the bestdre gave him and t"id I, -i" the corurtry. gh" yT Mrs Patricia mine' highlv inte{ise1t . $66; 6guo ui*6-"ine,:; f'rimd of years' e:rpenqnce' foty-five with ana a Lanawriting analyst -,tcreat,' said General Kernp' 'Rope her in at once and I'll il;;.;thitt" pori"e tttat she goet io the Smit house with

MURDBR AND MULTI-MILLION.FRAUDT 5C3 hi-,{^-i^li+L^ J)--;:^- Mtr'l.lv(Cl1' rt.?-:^a*-^rDJ^:^^d-- -i -^t 4L-- Dt'flf$ urG4urllI {erl, f Ul|Utug"trllltliLflcn, .,#Nr&t+'r. -preiAcnif Africa's most imponant dignitery, dre State Using his knowledge as a,nrbd@;,Di,Srnit ;hadlerurfidd

kffi?6[.]ogi.t

to

vou..tomof.row.t Mrs setalo was not available at once and ffi;;;;i;lv, i *tt uut to,shorx'.her rpr4d the to i,s;;il''dJ;; smitt home. It was fascinating to hearlrer it;h*;iil ffiG ,tt" *tiiirtg "n the wall' She -said the man wh9 had^ soravedthemessagewasbetweenthirty-fiveandfifty'of short arms' ;;it-t ---M* uoita'*itrt-" trong chest and relatively the killer had
discipline' tritli""f, of emUettistrment showed a certain of words use in the ;ti;#;;illy indicated he was trained to drank in every word she uttered'
t'uiatt Setalo founJ it veft significant that insertia no full stops and had not underlined.his-pe.ss.pe'

listening y*.s"9: htil;;;t#iro*t. rn" detectives But suddenly they' lost au

itt tt"t'.'Sftt t"ia she was quite certain that.$e man *tto n"a spraved the mystery message on the wall was an thev even insisted ;;;i#;.T;;; 4ic"'; lii."tr,Lt "t alliand the story I wrote of out little smdar nasty trrat dui=i-r**tu sn the subiect about three weeks later'* --Soo" the double murder I
discovered that

Dr Smit had helped to sluice large amounts of *o""V out of South Africa for the govemment' Sorne

*ii"r I

began investigating

to O: t1q"{ was to pay tame propagandists o;erseas and sqrne

sovetntnent's money had been strangely diverted to a secret of the il;L;;e "ccoum'in a Swiss bank' The owrer Nick'"Dr named 'Doctor man mystetious a was .,raffount

;hen ilyi"g ni*titui"t in Amprica:..9ut p1, Smit^h$ #;h*t dftou.tel that about 33 r-rulli9n dollars of th9

rI fully agree with our slush funds being used to combat anti-Sotrth African propaganda overseas, but sornc of out most honsured sons are definitely lining theii ciwn pockets. Frauds are being carT ied out in our na,me, and, if the mr&. leaks out about the millions salted away,in Dr Diedcrichg, Swiss accounr, he wjll"be exposed as the biggest thief is South African,history,' Dr Smit had allegedly told Johri Vorster that he would bewillingto keep his mouth shut on these subiects.if he w* 'kept happy'. The way to keep him happy, he explained, . was to groom him for political stardom.,First, he wanted to be put up as an MP in a saf,e government seat. Two or three years after becoming an MP he wanted to be offered a iop in the cabinet. What job? Ministerof Finance, a poeition he was eminently suited for. To cornplicate the i$sue further, Dr Smit, while.woiking for the South African government in America, had arranged a massive deal of, more than {4oo million ,for the South African Iron and Steel Industrial Corporation (ISCOR). As part of this deal, Dr Smit was to be paid the norrnal halfper-cent iintroducing cornmisSion' by the American financial gloup involved. That meant that Dr Smit was entittred to a backdoor payment of some dz milli,on; Suspectingrthat perhaps someone had decided it would be cheaper to have hirn killed than to, pay him his commission, I telephoned I S COR to ask them if they could tell me anylhing about

Prernier John Vorster lines:

South Africa and allegedly is$ued an ultimaturn to whiih went Bomething along these

this.

smlt-iou"riigated and found that this was Dr Nicolaas *'Ttr Citizen,zr December rgZZ (with photographs of Mrs Setalo
inside

Dr

Smit's holne).

A high.level spokesman, who must have thought I was a complete lritwit, replied: 3\il7e know nothing about such a' deal,and in any case no government official of Di Smit's, standing pould ever stoop so low as to accept a britlei,-l',,rr, r$Zhen I told the spokesman there was no depth'ttr*ilow:r

"rti
ii:.1'l r;::':i:

rg0* {:i:I'1.{t!IPB.;fn88 I I

.1,1

MUnDBR AND MULrr-MI.I;$ION BRAtrD.

5O5

,for,oeto $oc$to ff it nsaat tr wuld 'be pai4a'Ssr'd[ion y*lryId l;dhc ".pllid :,' Yeg, tilltlhst's pfo ^batrty -wny off. md rang it?? ic,n't &ial, s sw."nm"nt -glverbe to BOSS ur rte Akged {aoo ,* f r.,n*in"a a full report :iniltion dnal involving .ISGOR. They said,they had abeady ,ft"*d"* about this: trtrglour' but had ilvgstigatcd:'md fowd:it to be 'absdute and'utter'trlpel. lFhen they rl'se zutklo*of btrguaseit rxuslly:rcans theT's something'in ir.,B*rt th ISCOR rumour did start BO'SS ftinking elms a slishtlv different line. T:hey woodered whetlis-Dr S*iin"a irn-fottt of the CIA while-"uortiry'is .&merica' Itrhsps the CIA had some:mofu {brkiffing Smi{ {qo,
tt"A

td. CIA hired South. Africaa criminals 6 66 lfuiriob? BOSS told ms, thd,hiring of qiminals or knocm mrcenarieefor,,variws':,ntrky iobs was an old CtA tridt Aiminels with pnerrbtrs cQnvictions are stealthily recruitd in'&Bir own country by a'man 'posing'as a fdlow:crinrinal so tlrc there is no visible CI,A ennection- If the criminals are'caught, norpolitical motive' can be argued.* BOS S' told .,pe tbJt thp moet likely area of rccnritment for Sorirth africu" criminals would be Johannesbtrgis galr&ling fF iumity. This was ridrt up my dley- I kffse Eelreral top .operaior,s atd algo;.some of the"heav5mcighrrthrrys'they birc-d ts errfoece:frayrnent frorr defaultetrs-' * on a deep investigtion for BOSS lasd4g ',I,.*btnk"d yeat. Dwing this time,I built up bn index of *:os &dr'a rU iUeeal sarrtUling ioints, tpp gmbler-s' their bank aceourrts a"a afo6t"t. Ouring the probe I discovered that a&ous .ggmbler w-as bribing Captain Qaniel.v-an':Ecrdeir' and Sergeanl Jaeobus Knel" wo mesrbers of the lohatnmbrg AarrUttrd Squad. Both were secretly monitwed'an'a'rduft ' ''h iln; sctr'i6ol itr'tftdtlA Adonis ftotg' '*irslArithoay 'Tony' tno"" SOSS fles daim that he was a professioinal gambler used by fui Cfe irn omrioo with s mtchite'grm:aturck on't belicoptcr ;;,b" e""UUitlop Mgkari/o$. To cscapG qrtest, he.8G{ to Ssrth irrtri".ina nou" livcs at roo4 Bretton Manor" Hillbrow' Jotpnqeshrg; ffit'ita i.mm'ne P4-2472. Framett by police oq a cldtge'of illgeat os.r.sloo'"f aiamott& in lgie ryrS' hewasbrutallybealeo btl rytingdooclivtl d nffcrod Wsrrib*;'

srd their telephones were bugged. Enough evidence was gathered again$,them, and wher confronted rVaa'Eerden dug up more than {4o,w in bribc money which he had hidden in a biscuit tin in his,garden. He also had large amounts of money stashed away under different names io various bank accounts and building cocieties, The polic.e said they would let him keep dre money if he pleaded gpilry when brought to court and forgot to mention otherrnatters embarrassing to the South Africaa police "and leading politicians. ft was an offer Van Eerden could not refuse, so he confessed and went to iail. So did his accomplice Sorg@qL Kriel. Both men discovered I had shopped thern. , : .i,,,, ,: The most fascinating aspect about these two croo,ked. policemen was that while digginginto their activities I dis" covered that the gambling boss bribing them was a friend of Dr Connie Mulder, the Minister of Information, and,elso of Inforrnation Secretary Dr Eschel Rhoodie. The ganiblei was Mr Raffa Attieh, a Lebanese who lived in luirry yet had never worked during all the years he had lived in $iorsb, Africa. A man well known as being connected with rrony underworld charactersl a man whJ had grrmbling convictigns: a {range characer indeed to be friendly with, e cabinet minister - particularly when the cabinet minister was Dr Connie Mulder, who had almost become the South

African Premier! About three months afrer I had submitted my report to BOSS about Mr Attieh br,ibing the two policernenrhe was arrested and charged with bribery. S anding outside tho Johannesburg magistrates'court he told a reporter narad Manie Wolfsardt: 'I know Gordon Winter is the ba*ard who caused all this.' Later, through the criminal grapevine I heard that Mr Attieh was planning to leave South Africa secretly. I warned BOSS immediately, but nothing was done; Mr..dttieh iumped bail and fled to the Lebanon. i , Some time later a story of bsmbshell proportions.feU into my lap. A highly respectable German b,rsinessman,nd Hans Herf, who lived in Durban, Natal, oontacted me by

-$6 t *XAI fl"iFO$S;,i, I'.i ;.,';ri'irr'';rr';';

lekphoqe, ffe :liked me briwil'hadsritteo a f,'osur$le a ftw'wee&s:eqflier. lE 'q"tf .qetd't":W sgfiifi&' i :iras a BoSs ,@t +nd h-9- offered me a large tr would try-to folp a, sn"Jl merc'hantrbTth'in ,ffituoO which nai Ueea de*auded of r r milliori ddlars G-u *o.to of men who podrrced crcdsntials showing they GGfoort"tiues of a South African company called

MUnDER 4N-E

MULm-tr{ILl;I$N'ShAnD..'3rt
:

iii.:

hriit#e$" ffie-if
.Thr",

'iifo mfiira

*e nmi1'noi.- It *^

,lldu*y

il**t
i*.L

H;;id that the bs* d*dnot mnt any unfavourable Jfi"iw about its loea, is this;would nnke it the laughing him

otgu"i"unio" for the South A$icm Information. -.nlr

a"opped the telephoge when Mr tlerf mentioned ott" of *re companies just exp"u.4 as

Dei$ment of

n;-,'g*irlnon-official' approach to Pretoria on the subiect' government qas S&e, bsok felt that the South African stolen by dollars rr million the ffinioUlls"d to rcpay repard'--b9th was money the If fttor.credentials. ilen uiins JAo *oiU a.noia *te embarrassment of bad plbllcit-y: n"a, *iAiltrt Herf, if the bank got its money bdit would

trc Swiss bffi*fog world" The bank had asked "f ;firid:Esqiw:inlSortU Africa who could nrake a high-

th'is tlrry pnodriffi*i:r.de0riats snd tffirlldeds : . :i." t: t "j bearjng ttre name Thor. ;11;,q:;. j' n Tliey explained that the Smdr Africsil goverarrtntha,tt no shortage of money, but fotpolitltal reasons it war*ted tO bor-ronr 4 million dollars to be rrsed.as a donm-piltlrcnt' when buying roo million dollars" rpwth,of heticoptera frolh a certai" Western @untry. They said fte South African government had to be extremely careftl .because ibe oouftry zupplying the helicopters uxanted to be absolutely sure drat paynrent ouldnot be traced back to Souttr Af6cij" ' tSome ormtries cannot'afford to be seen supplying-sryI1 I ::' things to South Africe" beuse of its apar*reid policyrt g{qv :r.'rl srplBined. The,helicopters would beshipped to yet angthb :fr,ont cor,rpmy, based in Caracas, Veneznela, and&om *gre . : Sipped to South A&ica. : The directors of Standard Finanz fell for it +nd parted with 4 miflim dollars. Shortly afterwards the same,thrce 'n-en pulled the sarne trick again" Thb time they borruinod

'"

, ,. ,"il' 6f million dotla$ frorn Sundard Finanz. Oae of the pEpentq perhap both, mas msdc td l&

'&e

grte,m.e a 5o'ooo dotlar thanh-your -'i: -_ It sotqxlxi good, oo ;I. asked lvlr Herf to give rne all the he told me: what of Aetaifs. This iJ a condensed version Zurictr'based the approactred had ..\n rwt three men Standard Finat% One tpas a Lebanese using na-e 'Mr Tanourie', who gave the bg* his address and

m*.hii'b-k

the passport was false. The bank then framicalty tetephoned the Paris telephone numtrer givm them by Mr Tarrouris. "Oh yot' said a refined.French lady who aruwered the phone, 'Mr Tanourie does line here, but he,s tway..6a
,

Tanourie through the French 'Banque Louis Drgfust, alrd in this:oonnstion Mr Tanonrie lodged a passport,in.hfu osme. Only much later did Standard Frnanz disco\rr ttfir

honre telephone ntunber in Paris. The rwo men with him wf,e a IvI" Moreno snd a Mr t. Stafenhagen' At one stqgp they droppedthe name ofa MrHanson, abwyarin lP"q5' to.iltCriti ttreir recpg@iuty.It lxer tuln{: otrt ttrart Mr been tricked by the three men' nA aeparentty I{* -Moreno lrnr' Tanourii, and Mr Stafenhagen told ntt S**A"ta Finanzthat drey were {prsentativegof the Sorrth gperating thrrygb the Soqdt I&&qo.go*-ott whowere peparq.eqtt &oot orgnnieetion Ttor' ffimo ioOt-"O*

trrrsiness at the

Stendard Finanz kept telephoning ttrat paris number, but the etrusive Mr Tanourie vfas alwqys away oh abusiness trip. FindllS aobdy answened. the telephone It hsd bcen d*onnected. At this stage standard Finanz hired the sircioes of Mes.srs Oppenheim, Nathan and Van Dyk, a hgal firm in Lurdon, to trace Mr. Tlnorrie. Bnt no Mr Tanourie rrng found. Standard Finarz was ford to aooept ttre bitter d that it had lost its rr million dollers (inciudinx iffGitl This placed it in a very nasry situarion, Udur il'{hi
fii 'rir" '

rnoment.'

'

.:.

{ffili.IN$ffif,;.'80$$'i

:r;r ' ::

'r"'r'r

t::r

r"

r" r''i"t" r:'{l''

'MI'&DER itN:D, MUr.Tl:.Mr-li*:x6N : FnlrU D'',509 Bank

'ffiiffiiTii*o

.borrowed some of the

',ilffi;s;;;e ri"* should give me the photograph get it published ,ffi-M; +-"";;'; pt "pont and i would 'bv hope that th$ wourc
South African newspapers in the r*ra to his beine identified' -:16;il"h

: '' thisrstory.told:me in .. ;l$kt*e was so muchrpreEiso Oelail b":fi;i{*. H"trit"ti knerv it was true' I suggested to
t:t"tr,urcrc"tl"-

rr million

&om *re

Unitd

of ''';r'' Ii

qtrtck$ stippd:bek'the infiu ation:thl! ,Mr G had beo in runce for'' about a year'''md ihed'pu8ed :d'so'me'big deirl?,there,which had netted him between r rnilliori riud,z rnillioo dollars. Suanger sti'l1i:tr{h,,-G :had brorght ail't}tat monqy'to Sotrth Africa. rthutrredly wasi'CIdd. 'Vea}dr1t peopli in South Africa are rnad'keen'to get,lrge amotrntS
',ofrnoney out of the country as a.nesf gS in,case theiBlacltS start to revolt. But South Africa?s cuf;rency regulationsrar5

theirpredica; "3r; tt"isi"il#a-i-i"**o"rdbeembarrassedif banxruptcy" into them force *""iU"."*e known. It could
,

t"pri"a Mr Herf' 'I've already told.you

very strict, and it is e:rtremely diffictrlt to get money out without official sanctiorl Many people have bsn'caught

f; ty;A; ftll ,"pott on the subiect' and submined it to " r'ilid not get any.coryeback' Nothing' no35. iit*gely Mr Hans i*iA."A siterice. ttris wr" "ctbot*sing because me asklng rll. pa heard anvthing

smriggtring money out and ha*e been fined vast sufns. Ifysu. million out of SouthAfrica;frr can find a way of getting a wealthy man, you can be sure ofgetting $roorooo foi yol&

{r

trouble. Vhy had

Mr G brought all his money druo South

' ,African govefnment involvement in the Standard Finanz tli""Cun[ ,*U ttn"t ttr" U""t did not have a hope in hell of
squeezing any money out of Pretoria' and its aZnnite denfi iust did not fit in with BoSS obtain to me not-asked had They utuJot".t.ion forJJm' the with me at back fufih;; a"i-ilt. rt'iv had not come

iiffirT$;a
-=i;i.

ii;-d"..l"ph;;G r could itall him.no longer'-so r it*-iik"tl*, FinJ6 one Boss co:rtroller' Jack r$oos,? ff#h:#;&;"inu; He dqnied anv 'south
*tu.'cott""tsation;

Africa?

Digging further I found that Mr G had been a garnbling associate of the bail-iutnping Raffia Attieh. Not only thu: Mr G had. once 'appearedr as a co-accused in a fraud casb' with another man-known as Rudi the German, who hdd
subwquently left South Africa and settled in SouthArnerica. And, 6y a'*tt"nge coincidbnce, when Di Eschel Rhoodie u/ent on the run to avoid the Iqfo Scandal, seveml newspapers in South Africa splashed the story that Rudi the -C6"-"n had atlegedly given Dl Rhoodie refuge in South

il hair Mr i"'*t"f- wo" of q,r".tii"tt asking what colour clothes' his accent' his age' his tt"igltt, i*"iti"'fi"a, ttit doss had been totallv silent for -:;".;;"*i;;,;d ;,er r submitted mv rcport gr the ;;i";;';;;t' 'siiia*Jnr""*
fewweeks earlier I'had. picked about a famous eaqbler yfo d;';;d;i-"i:itrormition reasons I must refer to him bgal fot ,'lirrcdiin Cape to*n, between {t9r*9 l"d ;:;;; G': Thit ;* was-betting racecourse every dav' tl:lty"c q " &ou" a new {2o,ooo imported Mercedes

America. (This,
General

in fact, was a red herring

planted by

van dan Bergh to-prevent his friend Rhoodie being traced to France, where he was really hiding. Rtrdi the German had moumed the r,ed herring at Ht's reques$

I{. f;

tft"l-"*t

iraud. They did not w-anl'toknow' To me thing' They already knew' one only

and when reporters started bangrng at his door Rudl"the

Gerrnan said he had been rnistaken for Dr Rhoodie ,because their narnes sounded similar.) 'Whichever way looked at it there was that iepeating

Another strange

itti"g'-'t

''7'"*;;;"Jon.n"
fifiilJrne*a
spsst gaf.

.Rhoodie, or their front organization Thor. Whether in Sotlt[:

'

link berween Raffia Attieh, the Information Minister Dr Gonnie Mulder, and Information SecretarylDr .Eschd

'-i-p"i*v

he best underworld contact on to this one' and

Arnerica, Zurich, Cape Town or Johannesburg, all reds' r''.e,, .;' , led back to Pretoria. had lsnm solner Robert Dr Smit victim murder Perhaps

,ffi

MUnlgR .lND MUI:T;IrlltLLftSl{, ;ftitWD ",tfit

:,:'tftirig ,ffi
Frqaident

ttleSsndsrd'Einhnz.fuud.i.Itrd:

dk$5rlfoeur

a$q$tLtbe,@illistds saked i,ryay.,in t*re name,of:the' $tate

Dr

Diedericbs,

IIe

had threatened'to talk

if

he

.irot: groorred for,polftIcal stardom; Ptetoda must have

;lilf,hese,were the two inoportant questions facing nre wheh

,r'@t[ed a sigh of rdfof,when he u'as slsiu. Yet.who had rii*illed Dr'Smit, mdr'wfton had stolen rr .inillion,dollsrs?
'ld'Sorfih Africa.

.'rfinanz aspect. For that reason I.t5ped out.r forty.page ,,fusir on the Smit killings, incltri{i'rg all tho details about ihe Standard Finanz frau4 ondseoetly'snt itto MrAllistec Sparks, ttre editor in ghicf of the RMd DailJ, Mail tn

Butr,as a defecting BOSS agent, it would r,Fave been foolhardy for me to try invastigting the Standmd

In May r98o Mr $parks flew to Swiuerland and 'interfiF msnaging.director of Standard Finanzr' Mr Kurt ,$apft16; wtro confrned,that his bank had hen uiclctd,by :jdr Moreno and Ivlr,Tanourie in the marmer I describcd.
:viaq{ed
';,!Vlr

tohannesburg,

,by iMr.Moreno'underneath the nme of Mr Morends &ke ompany, 'THOR INVESTMENTS INC.'. ,, ' But Standard Finairz deny that they were tricked'mrt of rr million dollars. They told Ail.iser Sparks that the three croqks fiom Thor had chbated tlrem out of "only six million
dsllars'.

Srciner garre Allister Sperks

a co'py

of adocrrment signed

r.;'Aftef, talking to Standard Finan4 Allister Sparks flew "&sm Zurich to Ireland on 3 ]uly and met me in sectet st a ,,ltotel in Dublin. He quizzed rne for two days on every lepectof my forry-page memorandum to him on the Smit killings. I gave him additional information and tape rcmtdings of my former BOSS lack Kanp, utklrig to me about:the Staldard. Finim :aatter. Armed, with' all this,&lr $parks ttren ffenr br* to South Africs. After thee @trdrs of patient and intcnsive investigations his newsgliper splqshod the Standard finae fraud acroos its ftont

f1ry.:, *

i i.

Rolrrd Daily Mail,tt September Silil.ffiilaltsmkFisrd!.

rg8o, headlincd'No'wA Strauge

was r876r3rrE and the Rod. Daity MaiI hsd.deesi!* that the nsme Diederichs was somelroweonntd. "ylq* . , :..rr,, that qecount. with ne;ft facing the proanenr Rmd Daity Mait uns Sb .The t4ining proof. Knowing the accouut existed was not enough. Some forsr of documentation was needed. Editor AUiic fpart s deserves full marks for the way he solved itte p*Ulem. It was brilliant in its simplicity. He nrent to the biot.ln. Zutich.and deposited.3o Swiss Francs isto that *W-wy. account. To be doubly sure, Mr Sparks made yet anothfi. cash deposit of zo Swiss Francs. The teller scceptd bodr arnounts ard Mr Sparks walked out.of the bank with tsro date-stamped recerpts for the money. ft, was enoUgh prgof that the account oristed and the Rand Daily ifqil nide a front page story out of it on 9 September r9go. The first reacrion of the SA govcrnment was that this stgry yas 'all rubbish'. But they did no.t get away withtbag _ ' The Rqr?4 DaiU Mqil then discloeed-that tire,late,D! -l Diederichs was saved from sequestration shortly cftef he was appointed State President. The Mail alleged that or-t Prernier fohn Vorster had stepped in and pesfuaa[y used his influence to hush qp this embarrassing state oldairs at that time. Noa snrrprisingly this led to other rumours circuladng, ^ was that the secret Ong S$bs baok accouat held morc,th#,/, reo murron rm million dollars cou:us which whrcb. could be a fund tund for zu.tne thc fiffir' SMr African governryrent_in gqsg it ** r"r*i t",p rumour bad it that Dr Diederichs, the Ibnnrs.-jdbhcr of

.l_lt.d also girren Aflisrer Sge*s rew derails about the lg ,Aqtliqn dollars,,stqshed awa1q,.*n -s numbeftd, Swir*, :bd[ account (not connected in ifo'uray with SanaarO firnrni 3d thg Raad Daily rtr{ad then:@fSe4 probing tnis fancinc: ing supject. . It is difficult to obtain informarion about a numbeed bsnk qccount in Switzerland but'the'8ard Daib l,ztsit,,b.. qome way not known to me, managed ta'diqcover that thc Zurich tread office of thi Union Bank of $rdtzcrlaad hrd such an account on its books. The number of.tbe aftatat
i

;liteAffi

.:Sllt!"i{rlit'8t$BlB.OS8

;rr'r' !.r;:r: :

M t' R D "'

AN

D MUI, TI - M I TJ..*O!*"; ERANFD"T I#

1I

Flnucrr fu&d irore than z8:,t*rfillon dollars in the account *ld"h represented commissioa of ro ents -al oynT olsotd oaid over to Dt Diederichs in ttspect of gold sales by South
The fuss caused by allthesi claims forced the S'd governineni'to rnount an official inquiry into the secret Swiss bank anu""t. :The result of thiJ'inquiry' was incredible' On oA'f'uU*""y r98r, the South Afiican Advocate-General, ilir Iustice it. i. ""n der Walt, announced his findings' He ieunA-ttt" numblred account in the Union Bank of Switzer-

i,tic" on the Zurich gold markot instead

of London'

:rl:f.ltsi :gf,to,; pfllmt@ts r @bt,sp*swbn :,Frailcr,wh{ch Rsrrd,Ddb Msil editor Alli$cr,,$pad<s$ad psid 'into fu mcren, $wiqt bank account,Md,:'rdr .been crodid,'s tlt4t account * according to the bsnk cfialements obtainedby the
ofrciel inquiry. (The clear inteatbe here being to neg$e Jvlr Sparb and his pay*in claim. But'thesrtear did not'w i*i, *lr Sparkr still had those h'so vital deposit slips, iscue{ b$

.'ffi

Mt David Mort and it

.ii;

;;il. g* i

belonged to a Cape Town businessman

*Vo"" ," allege the account h"9 *u." contained millions of aofu*tr. The most it hsd:'contained at any stage was about ,o,noo dollars. Alhgations that South Africa's late State Presidnti Dr Died;richs, had salted away millions in this ' r. account were ' completely untrue The smears and rumours

was a

'flight of imaginatiqn'

for-

tlre Union Bank of ,srvirzerland, giving*re corret numbg : of the account and dat*stamped and initia[ed by the cmhidr at the barrk.) The South African gwernmem cleariy tries every tric* in the book when it wishes to wriggle out of a'nasty sittll ation, The:courage of the Rand Duily M'crt in'this rq1*d. ','

can,be clearly assssd from an editorial Allister Sp*rk*

;gggi*c

n" Diedericls wef,e therefore'reprehensible" t,i'p1t* was the South African governmeflt's solution to ttre But, on the day after Mr Justice van der Walt oroblern. ^announced his findings, the Rand Daily Mail published a front page story headlined: IBOSS Agent Started Dr niua.ii"[r chims.'
faqts:
'1,,1141'

- iiistio"y-"*.*nua the fotlowing strange and fascinating

'p*nid Mort, the owner of the secret Swiss bank a business acquaintance of Mr Nico Diederichs the son of the late State President Dr 'Nick' Iunior, bi"a"ii"ttr. Mr Mort claimed the account had been opened in his

wrote for his paper on z6 February r98r, He pointed out that it had taken the inquiry'more than one yeaf to carry out its investigations. Even worse, the inquiry had not called witnesses and tested thern un{s*,;i,:: cross-Examination, These were wea^kr,:esses which left tHE;i,'' ' 'r'''"- ''' i"quiwt n"Cings opbn to question. Aaaing that I was a defected BOSS agent and a man with.,a cfiequered caieer Mr Sparks pointefuy stated j *Brn his information to us in the past has proved correet.'' rsumming up the cornplicatgd bac\ground,to the Smit rrurrders and ttie secret Swiss bank account saga, Mr'$par.,ke

endedh.iseditorialby,saying:
niurow preliminary inqurry was able
1s

' - 'dDoount was '

, 'There may still Ue rnore to the whole affair than

''."'
;
'i

lsvg{.' , ,

thlg

name without his knowledge but that wheri he had found $out it he had used thp aecouot from time to time for

' ,.-::Mr,Moft had not disclosed the qristence of his Swiss ''*ount tothe SA Resewe Bank. Atthough this was a vcry dttfutt contravention of South Africa's sgingent exehange control regulations, Pretoria had dgcid{ not to prosecute ''' m"inio"t:'6*",tt" ih" hud helped the official inquirSrr. 'I

"rt vari oug busi[ess tf ansactions.

once operated in London. Mr N has long been a prohibited .ir.nmigrant in:Britain. I was reliably told he had vigited ,$cruth Afiica seeetly prior,.tothe Sr,nit killings. I submitmd full-dptaik about thi$ rnarr to BOSS and thcy eonfifoffif,tot: ,I-rterthatthffe was a direct,and definite link beqwce"&{a:N and trn'e,gpver,rrmem.Gfficials in Fretoria.,BO$Sld&*!

fn the'course of my investigation of the Smit rnurders for BOS$ I discovered, frorn top'level underworld soures, i.tartli,ng details about 'Mr.Nl,'a notorious gangster who

irts',!o,

if::.f:., '',: r I

I I
,'

.:

5I&r. rN8rDS,D.OSS
;'drop,all.,my;-inve*igations into;thiJ *pect- Ir.carbot disdose the idr.atiry of Mr N in thi$,b6,ok. Quite apafi from the obvious legal reasons, I do not wish to place myself in ieopardy. My attitude migfit seern strange to a decent law-

:DEEPTH.ROA$I
Ln,.

:'
I

t+' rrrflittrr .rhJiJlliruvr- avlllruvr.td

abiding citizen but from

Mr N's point of view it is quite

cqiminal underworld. He knows all about my life as a burglar in London during the r95os. Therefore, in his eyes, I would not be iust a journalist doing his public duty by,s:rposing the truth. I would be an e:r-con csquealing' .on another. In the underworld that;is the worst offence of all, punishable by disfiguremefit or death. South Africa can solve its own crimes. I have enough enemies without adding Mr N to the list.

oimple. He knows I am aware of his links with the Smit case. He knows I obtained that information from my friends in the

In early May 1978 General H. J. van den,Bergh celcd qs in saying he had a special assignment for me. At the time
the Rand, Doily MAil andthe Johannesbutg Swdey Exprass were ie-lentlessly chasing t}te 'Info Scandal', and shogk details about malpractices in the Department of l4forrrtatigp-

wereslowly but surely being leaked. The most damaging rumour was that The Citizm was.being secretly funded by Pretoria as a vehicle for progovfirment propaganda. This and othgr discloetrres were causing great disuess to John Vorster and his governmnt, as they had hardly any weapons to fight back with. The hated liberal press was telling the truth. Being unable to mount an official counter-offensivq, Pretoria resorted tq the oldest uick of alll find a scapegoat, ' It's a ploy used by governments all over the world wheo public indignation or condernnation is aimed against thern

ff

a scapegoat is

found, the focus of attention is turried

arnray

from government, and the public is given sorneone to hate. someone whose innards can be torn out and hung up for all to see. And HI had the perfect scapegoat for me to rip open,

His name was Roland Hepers, and he was a discontcnted,. Information Departrnent official who had been forced to
resign a few months earlier. HJ told me that Mr Hepers was definitely not the feal 'deepthroat' who was leaking Information Department secrets, but for our purposes he would fit that role perfectly, because BOS S had discovered that, in a personal vendetta, he had given information to the South African Smday Tines : about a journalist who secret$ worked for qs as a ptopnr gahdist in Germany, Switzerland and Ausuia. The iourAal-,i ist was Mr Heinz Behrens, our most secret and vatve&le front man in Europe. He was the director of a superb and

115{6

i1,lrlslnE' BOSS'

Df,B?TERoAt' '"'gr17
So that I would have plenrydmrmunition tsuse sgsinst MrHepers, ,It] instructed ae to go and srDr:E*ckl Rhoodia the lnf,ormation::Deprrtment Secretgry,;;{&o

'.' ,,;,. ei^z,a highly cultured German of the old school, had

public relatirilat&rsi'ih,I{anrburgi; Gednsny' hishlv -ff;*"resDected .i p.n.o. Intemaniorial, which had branches in ''Ikffiii, Vienna and Switzeiiiiiid.'

frusht
,

',*&rfoto*tn;and politicians in Germany, one oftherrr being ;il[r'ltxel,springer, the funan retup*p.r ItqPTe: s:try .ad Mr Sprineer were also close friends of South Africa's

as an officer with one of Hitler's caack regiments on t'he-Russian front. He had fabulous contacts with top-level

w.ould give me access to the ddpaqmeff's private'fitre oo ite former errrployee Mr Roland,'Deepthrsat' Hepers. . .'r ; . (I thinkyolr should use a.ctrt-ogt on this asigprncasl' eaid Htr before I left his officc.'Too rnanypeopleareawait of your friendship with me and gwerffrest- It.wouHlook

rF;;'Pt;ia"":t, or Diederichs, and they had borh flcnnm , .tb Cspe Town in r975-as VIP guests,to attesd Di Diede' , rich's inauguration as Stste Presidnt. : Vhen li. J. uan den"Befgtr told me that Roland Hepers was resDonsible -Aeican for lesking Heinz Behrens' name to the Swdey Tiies,I realized why I had been d""th an attackon MrHepers. I hadbeen tomount choscmtylll Betrens since 196z and it vras on ofHeinz friend spirmnat ttr.' r"co-*endation that Heinz had been chosen as otu A6nt man in Germany, with secret financial backing well in excss of {roo,ooo e year. Fearful that the clairns being m-ade by Roland Hepers would bring him under atraeklin the

,',trtiaddition, Hepers knew*rat anbther German, who worked , in Pretoria as a freelance iournatist, Mr Jorge Wilhelmy' .was also one of our front men. Vilhelmy was the link for Heinz Behrens irt South Africa, and the two merl kept in totrctr with'each other on a day-to-day basis by way of a 'scrgmbler' telephone ,l Girdngme'@pis of telor messages between Pretoria and , illtinz gehrcns on the subiect of Roland Hepers, H.-J. van '''don, nergtr,told me to wipe the floor with Hepers. '"ri!$[y{661 a hiding he won't forgr,' said HI. 'Smash

efut*an pressr- Heinz Behren^s-had sent frdntig cables to Pretoria,oyi"g Rotimd Hepers was'a dangsrous man who shoreld be stopped in his tracks at once. Hepers was ilancerous b&use he had once worked with Heinz Behrens in dermany and knew full welt that he was our front man.

mediately assigned one of our reportrng staff, Mr Tirii O'Hagan, to carry out an initial inter.view with our victilii' to-be, Roland Hepers. Editor Johnson chose Tim OtHagcn
because he.was one of the best reporters on our staff at the time. Even better, he was a iournalist.with a good reputatio& who had recently ioined us from a liberal newspaper..

suspicious if you mounted the attack on ltrqers.trn'yqr own. Find somebody to give it a nie wholesorne ,ff$vqurnl ; Ananging this cut-out was easy. I briefly on llnsd-@,,,' positionio Johtmy ]ohnson, the editor of Tlu Ci$sen; ' I 'HI wants'me to do a hit iob on the deepthmat wlro hss been leaking Information Departrnent secrets to the eneoryt but I can't be seen to have mounted the whole thing:t . . Johnson is no mean operator himself wherr it @mes'to subterfuge. The idea of nrnning a front-Dage story about a derythroat whose identity had secretly beor provided:by..' H. J. van den Bergh appealed to him greatly. So he im*

,ofhi!&s'againstHdnz'Belilis.t

hi$rcaodlbility to piecee,:then'nobody

will take any notice I ^" I'

l

Tim went to se Roland Hepers, who said he hated Ffu Citizen and would not talk to any member of its staff, Tirh told Johnson that Hepers was being.difficult. 'Perhrys we should get Winter to help yon,' zuggeatad Johnson. 'He's got no scruples about ctnting up a man like Hepers. Yes, get lfinter. TeIl him to work with you and that I don't want hinr back in the oftce until hds got the whole story tied up.' ,ifim and I iumped into a car and drove to see Rgls4{ Hepers. I smild iir*a"ab * ii," briefed -" ot*,riqtg4r trohnqon{,snted, Now I had aprfect fall-bsckalibiif,@ thine went:$nmgl It wasrft rny assignment. f hf4ibiHl calld in to trclp Trm OrHagsn. If aoyonc searte4OrcwUg

'g{8,,"trsrD$

soss

tD,BE?TaRq.trt .; ,5r9
,",*@,refrorte,had, not seies ir, Iike ttrct;,He had pubEshcd. ,ulashing attack on Hepers ttteirbcidist., World hfufines,had

knivertlrey n'ould harm Tim es:w{l. fiiey couldnt do that boc$r$s hic reputation was &l wtrite as Persil..And he cer-

l,Etqsi$quied:cstrleuai@,@ dlcir ehilbl$i*{. gut de

teidy had no connection with'BOSS or government. In fact, he was known to be a bit of a liberal.

:rI$hen we arrived at Roland Heprs' home in Pretoria, he was scathing. The Citigen? He didn't want to talk to llp ,Citisen. He hated The Chizm. 'I happen to kr,row it's a cutpt*e govenrment front. It's disgusting. It should be slled The Shittyzen.' , ' ,I pulled out the colniest trick in journalism" I told Hepem ,Irrhad heard very.bad things about hirn; I Nupected someone was mounting a despicable silleaf.a$ingt htm. I did not believe those smears. I felt thgy were unfair. I knew he was a loyal South African vrho had worked hard for the Information Departrnent aod hsd been kicked in the teeth., Shama I feltaorry,{br hirn. He should talk to me so that I could put bb"poirft of,view across. He fell for it. Smiling broadly,'he {sd uB into his home and told his wife to make coffee. I ,4etteled him out of his mind. His house was beautiful. ;Tastefully decorated too. ttr7hat? He'd built it himself? Vhat a man. I wish I had that kind of talent

resulted and the South Afriean Information Depsrtmer$ ilhad,been embarrassed. For that rn$onl A"irneri nfofurd ,Hepers, top men in Info had eharpened their hatcheb against himo He had been shunted off-to th6 South,Affii:in
Embassy in Buenos Aires, whsre he boring job as a clerk.

wii

given a menial --- End

---

Roland Heperc related his life s,tory for the nxt two
hours. Briefly, it was that he was forty-two; had been born rn Germarqr, settled in South Africa in the eaily r96os and started working for the Information Department. He had dme vrell and was appointed as a Press Attach6 at the South .African Embmsy in Berne, Switzerland. A trained printeri he had later been told to run South Africa's glossy propaganda magazine Panoranta, and had pushed its circufation up from 3,ooo to a record-breaking z6z,ooo in six foreigp languages. But then something terrible had happened: In r97g during an interview. with a rcporter from a Swise magaTine, he had mentioned that in South Africa'Blacks ',,F inkld themselves with cattle ufine.' ' ', r:,iRolsnd Hepers claimed he had not said this to denigrate Sorrh African Blacks: he had mentioned how some country -fotkl'in,Britain and Europe believed that trrine wau a good gre forcbilblains, god tlhen he trnd ssid that somc Blacks io
,

see_Inforrnation Departmerrt Secretary Dr Eschel ne6ale and get his version.of Roland Hepers. Tim, of course, did not knowthat Dr Rhoodie was sitting in his,offiaeanxiurdy waiting for us to:interview him. When we were ushered h& Rhoodie'er offi ce Il went through a whole rterneroiJf;;*frJ; benefit. I told Dr Rhoodie we had some velry baa nemro fsr hhr" We,had heard th*t_ a.fornrer Info eniptolree ndmJ [glandlHepers,had.been leaking.*tories,to tt tiU*A pne*. \Ve had interviewed Hepers but were aot satisffedwiih ":--"-:- his --

complaincd aborn tlre there and was promptly trinsfered bsc$. Pretoria. There he had discovered that corruption was rife at Irfo headquarters, and when he had zubnaitted officihl complaints about this he was forced to resign. r. '. ', I shook hands with Roland Hepers aad ttranked him for the imerview. As I drove back torJohannesburg with Tim O'Hagan I,asked him what he thought :r-- t . ,,. .' . '.I'm not sure about himr' he reptied. .Iilers a bit smootlt Bnt I certalnly, don't like his orplanat"ion about Bhde goverirlg.rhemselves in pee. I third< rrei$hsuld dg into hitl backgroundabitdeeper.ri r , :' .,. 1,.,,. ' . ryi" wad e:ractly what f had,hoped fot. ,It gave mb,the llerfect opportunity'1o suggsr that perhaps we.ihorrtd,gO, to

. Ypitu in the Argentine he had inefficiency

Dr Rhoodie assumed an air of great reluctance. Ifeiii*i8 he haGd'to :adinit,it but, our:iifsrmatiOn was *lrtH
:flc,kcpt in.&o.leoorq&'e@tk x: of.the
Hepers was a bad egg who had a long historv ofeccenufie*vDr Rhoodie eaid he would let us skim through

o:rphnations.

hli i;laffidififfi;

the

triiri;,''j,,li,,'.'i,' ''''

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'heat so,tt$rrrdrcould iudge'fei*onroelvpa: Dr Rhoodie thcn arrafrgd,&r us to go intoa nbar-by ofrce where Brigadier; Charies Morc, a sdior Infq offiGial, would show us the file on Rohna Hepers. What Tim:O'Hagan did'not know was ,,*!#clharles More, an.Army:brigadier, was thesecret BoS s iman at Info, in charge of security matters there' Tim was ,li*o unaware that I-had atready been shown the file on 'il.slarrd ll;pers and knew which doquments I wanted from Mote's office and he showed us,the Hepers file, ,i,.riacneA over and took severd doguments' Skimming through them quickly I passed some 1o Tim O'Hagan' ,I think we'll need tbftt, and tliat,' I said. Tim suddenly gave rne a suspiciorrs lodk and I realized myeriop" ThedoJtrm*tt were in Afrikaans, and he t"t*- I aii to"*t or read a word ofthe language' So how could "ot possibly known which documents I wanted? But he inuo two of us went to an adioining room and ihe noini"* ffi from the ,irlaa. ptotJ"opies of about thirty-five documents ' file on Roland HePers. Files kept on plrsons employed in government departofence for Dr **tq ur" tui"tti private.'Ii was a

'

,'-;i maO" a bad mistake at this point. As Tim and I sgt in

that file.

Iwent back again and told him I was goirgto nrakehimthe stock of South Africa, Any man coming under thh kind of pfessure starts to get angry. He fights back and tries to defend hirnself. lle ,:shouts furious answers which can be very ill-coneidercil l"Roland Hepers did exactly that. .; r i.r , Finally I humiliated Hepers by barging into his ofrce at rthe Johannesburg General Hospital, where he was working as a clerk. I embarrassed him in front of his workhateil r f shouted that 'he was a traitor to South Africa: Tim
i

,b&aai*

'and told me to reduce the pressure. But next, day t iook Tirn with me again to see Hepers at his"office. An-d that ie when Hepers cracked. As I walked into the office he tried to :run out through the doorway. Vhen I cut him offhe leapt
on to a desk and iumping frorn desk to desk screamed: : Get

O'Hagan, by this time, was starting to fbel sorry for Hepq,S

nt ooAi. to tan"ti"o our penrsal of that file on Roland ffip*. And $rigdier Moie was doubly gurlty byallowing it is, a civil ; il;k;;hoioipies. Bureaucracy being what about him' ,ffiAib fito *ttt*ittt a mass of information are so filed; faithfully are promotion iittto of praise and merrlbers' staff other by complaints or ilt*t of &iticism So*.of tn" complaints catt t" petty and unfair, even based o" falt" iofot rt"tiott. That's what l-took orrt of Hepersl file:

ryrioue

-errned'*ith th"t" I mounted a psychological warfare I *dt""i-" asainst Roland Hepers' With Tim O'Hagan treat-^ heavy the gave him *td*a to-Hepers? horne and that tre had lied to me, and I threw some of **nli
"ff"e"a in his face. Next day I relurned to his homs lft".compf"iits *guiit *A gave him arlother blistering hour' The day af'ter

all the complaints.

tapes, that he had leaked inforrnation about Heinz Betrrcne to the Johannesburg Smday Times.I told him that BOSS rhad bugged his telephone snd heard him talking to Martin ,Welz of the Sunday Tines. 'Martin's a bloody fool,'said Hepers angrily. .t warnea him that ouf, conversation might be bugged b5l BOSS.I It was all I needed. Beckoning to Tim O'Hagan, I said we could leave Hepers alone now. Wehad got what we came for: air admission that Roland Hepers wara deepthroat",,As we drove away, Tim asked me how I had klrown about the BO S S tapes. I lied and told him ,it had just been a trunch, a shot in the dark, and Hepers had fatlen for it. Tirn did not believe me. ft was then that he realized he had bben used as a BOSS tool: a clean front. After helping r,ne cornpile my dossier of hatred on Roland ' '

'that man away from me. He's here to ruin me, ,". .r' . ,,: I told Hepers that I had proof, in the form of BOS8

'

{Igpers, Tim O'Hagan walked out of the offices of The Citizen without bothering to collec his salary. $fe,rievgh rj.r" hi.* again. He drove t-o Cape Town and staited wgti{S

,,,

for a decent newspaper. G ;,1::r', Editor Johnny Johnson thought the Hepers story,was

it-$mss tbc &ont eW q -7fu on 16 lvlav Il fi"* ffi;6 dtt* d;vt *"thE' "pPered uncitizen iffi-tup nBhdss' and was ''cadlt*' .b;;-l*o;i- t'iiu---le'u'dons suggesrcd that Roland i*t*ty i tt""y that In Urine'. Seast asked him if he r ;'*k "{{lLd a psychiatrist because he had :integrdcd seeking tft" ftEfp r***iui "f unstable and a megalo. ' :.;#ffi#.;-?oil" t" mmiac'.* but it didoot.*op the

5e:' rxsror Boga

msl:vetlrylnd

splashcd

'

;ffi:ih'ffi.';i;;;" ffi ;;;;"d' ffi;il;

.l?fraio""

afirst_class hatchst iob.

.{ibcral prers iou"sitdlE-ttt".

,;;#-ent *d

;Jfril;;"f

i"rott"utioq. Sgetorn' Dr Eschel public funds years earlier by Rtroodie, naa starti-misusing .''"iliiJ't:g 'secrt Proiects" . discov-ered to be a total fmm, ,. ,, ::, Tl*.citisat^.*rp'"p.it *as funded with at leas't d:o ,',onii; ;;;;"**in?a tto"ttv tS first details'ofthis Wh;n million orta*p"yeJ;;"r Dtrtch,publisher Mr *hl-k"own ,rr" started to leak announced ""., andgrbticly Hubcrt Jussen n*'"iJ'*ofi efrica anot}rer was vet prl"ttrie ;h*il;"l"d b""gd-{t" Cittu*' government' Mr African S** Uy-tft" caver-trp tt *ttA tJttv; another front man 9-t lTTod": ' ffi;-';, t" i" aoie**t" attcmpt to grve r'lu ciuaat l ,il*rg,t t " "no 'rtil.lr;c1ean image'. , gouth Afrigil Today fhe ciizen is still a vehiclg-fot pro-oYiTqthe by gwooti*t propaeanda ard is ryned ";;.;rrt,l't* I h3d frectel,-ft"* Bos's' Roland

ii!" ii"gltt-Jo'E-t ffiJJ'tiiJa*' "iJ

to burlst; and finallv {tgnow ilf#;-nff5;d"1'exploded ro rerreal how H' I' van
bubbres

ttre Inforrratior'r tf9l zurelvlr' J' van den i6sS'"sro'"tv.ttn

bwr!

rt"lp'of trnforrnatt* tr'lidgter Dr

..

rn nt, *ne Afrin"rre.-*rrr publishing group Perckor. It is still eectqtly frrnded by:gnrernrnent, but ih I sruch more subtle way; no mone,ln ii,shannelled directry tn th newspaper, whidr is losing a vast $um ever!'month. Hretgr{a makes sure that Perskor gets rnmy.plum government pubr lishing contracts such as telephme directories, tapprover[i books and various government publications, including a maior slice of the school textbook rnarket. Profits flom these contnacts, which are worth millions annuallyl.swell &E coffers of Perskor so its directors, some of thern top men io government, can afford to smile at the losses incurM;by The Cidaen, There's another bonus for Perskor. It qallr claim tax relief from its other profits because The.Citisw is a loss factor in the group. The editor of The Citizen, still Johnny ]ohnson, cannat deny he is a government man. A Commission of Inquiry ,found that The Citizen, at the time of the general eleqtions; had supported the goverqmenrt wholeheartedly, Anyoaq. who r,night doubt that the paper is still a rabid goverrynifet

,propaganda vetricle needs only to read anyissue. Yeoterdayl* or today's.

H#i;;+; ,ffi: Tf .6W ;.ittlbdF iTui'ii" ltr"*i"ti"n DeDartnrent H ffi .**;r"fn'ru*skl*a*'t*;ff'r,,';Kffi '::
rthiry-T';-ia; affi'ene and spme

s.pX*"u-ier'Gt*n"fm:l

l*nf t'i,*,ff iff

Some of the secret proiects moumed by the $outh African Information Department 4fld BOSS were mindboggling, Hand-picked men had been used te run sporting groups and'cultural' organizations which pretended to be unbiased but were totally controlled by Pretoria. publishem had secretly been given large, sums to bring out a wide yryrety of pro-golernment books glamorizing the"Soqti, . ,:, , , African way of life. Dr Eschel Rhoodie had lent a Sorrth African film pro. ducer, who iust happened to be a close,fiiend of his, more than {5oo,ooo of state funds so that he could make a fulllength adventure film called,Golden Rendesvous, for interr 'national distribution. This was a vef,y srange 'secret pFo!ect' becarrce the film contained no South Africarr prQpB'
gaqda. *lsq.

ryq'

To gain South Africa

; i ii:r::r, i":i; 'acceptance and prestigei, ig,:Se

,".t

'

,' gry{ .'fW.Sf,DB:''fbSS:

.DIEpTg*.O6al

. g,f

internqtieEl:rporting wmls'imote'drm {ra5'ooo of 'stryte o"* ttry, Ttu Qhisa eiitrld'sponeor'the fl;idr.-}la#6dd near lohugresrurg in 1976' ' r; Gffinit Prio 'no""t rniuionaire ;16;;6*,"* tt"it uesrrent to' fhrtilizer of' T'hc owrrer as.the while;funting $";i"'t il-J,lt"r' errecutive hirmetf:rin icaircraft' buy could * ,tddratr
I

*re Mail'sparent ' UffiLr't Fo"""t bid for *f"lo" atto"iated NewsPaPers' ,i r'In Ianua-ry tg7r, a pro-South-A4g" .ryrytfu -n*t$ more than {g r;"ii, Pdr;nad ueeri secrettv fflndd with had been brottgbt *tfi.-i;i.t tn i"ttrnm"fi'odition Free o"*o p"t the Pretoria nofnt of r1i9ly -across in Europe' political selected to regularly sroiea cooies'had been ;ffitrjstg]" BrltailrrO alsoio Briti$h Mecnbers of Parliaffi.-S*6 Africa's front rnan for To The Point was the .'gggh publisher Mr Huben !us*n' . :.F;fther unJa, ro million aonars had been lent to tbc .Atrterfi;pubnsfiing magnate Mr John Mccotr' threqh a .ote. conduit in S#itzeitand, so that he could arrangB;fc to buy *" So,"n Af*can Information Departnrentd0uetly as a' used be to *eo newspapor Trhis srar; *" ti'iiner* against th" iehtde.f";"Soutb Aifrican propaganda ":"1 its , ffirnai*posr, which iir loathed by pretoria beca'se of apardleid' policy of the on :.*" pu",attacks ".tsattt of a similar plot the Sarar*tta Urdor newspaper ln.*r*-opituf of Californiawm dso to be secretly bought by 6 million dollars. Pretoria-for --Se'ler*ofOeserandotherundisclosedseciretproiects' is indicate how neurotic the South Africalrrgovertrnent but lrome at only pushed not its propaganda il;-"",i". gw there is furttrer proof of this' ;tr.*&, -' ;'th* t;;,-wtt tt moct of the Infonnation Department's orrentlg st"t itiec$ were first conceived, huhdrds of bribed' been unknowingly ;&n:rriaftr; have knowingly or presdi to- T:qre that ttrey would ffitt"d; given about Souttr Africa' I quote a typical g1t"/*tuiiiao ;ffi

;;-;il-go s s had conspired to gpin control of the hated to 'r-nake'an {8 e*;- ffit-U"n vy finaricing Mr ruyt company, Sorrth

exarnple: m rg:iS the Idqidradon Departnrent hosd tighty-ttro foreign visitors to,.Sa&th Afriea; ThD' werg VIP guests; their trips were paid f(iJ'tiiitbf Information Deearrrnent funds. Who were those gtlsts? Of the eighty-tun, e:racdy thirty-trro were iti iournalisrr, either editoru m senior reporters, and seven were.involved in publistring, They came from America, Brltain, icr-niany, Francc qlil Holland. 'The cost of bringing those iourndlists:to Soutn Africa wes'rnole thad {r3o,ooo. But that's e*tie&fd when you know that the prc-South-African anigtee $d}i qnote on relurriing home generated more tourism foi Siiddi Africa and, even better, a bigger flow of invesanent'into tlfC

world is still being conned by Pretoria. Believe it or no1, at least half of those r38 secret trnfo projects ire still cohtinuing to operate. The United Nations has decr-eett thiid: is a ctimeagainst humaniry. But.in Sorxh Afticgl;' "panfieiA if you are Vhite, crime pays. The political crimiiials'wt*i tnounted thbse secret proiects have ben ogosed'arid'dir: eredited by South Africa's campaigning tiberal'prdss .r'and even by not-so-liberal newspaprs.'But t}re overwhekhing maiority of the government's White voters secretty rcgard those crlninals as something close to heroes. They say 'What did HJ and his crowd really do wrortg! They only tried to put South Africa in a good light oversear 'to cornbat all those ommunists and liberals who virrqr{if, control the tWestern press.'

. 'That is elmost certainly why, wen today, in spite'oftlri massive publicity given to the 'Info Scandal'r'the outside

country.

'i

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. . "r

.
General

$9'
t?:1"'.

. F:Et'tOW TnA[!,Gt I.FRS

'

FSL.LOW B,AVELLERS. 527

*I. f.

ven den Bergh'rcad ttrat sory and said he

w-asrlmplEssed by rhis Englishirurn'ard his staunch zupport

to
''.' .

of apartheid. He addetl* I'rhink\{rcthould put Mr Dofirsron

Thanks to the need-to-know principle, most operatives working for large intelligsnce agencies like the CIA, the KGg ana Britain's various sp] set-ups rarely know all sides tq any subject. Vhen they are assigned to monitor, the 'activities of a suspect they get on with the iobr:aqd,in many qses they never get any feedback-from head office. But as a personal friend ofH. J. van den Bergh, the head ofB O S S, I often had a privileged view of events and could work out
the

interplgy. ,

Roy Doztaston

Boy iq a ttrirty-nine-year-old Englishman who settled in $outh Africa with his wife Anne and three children in May He worked as a front man for Pretoria and can thank " 1974. mq,for that. It all started when I met him by accidp,trq and found he was a fanatical anti-Communist. Hg's a stocky liale nraa full of good schemes. One was to recruit Black talent from British showbiz and, fly ttt*l,to South Africa where they would perform o<clusively for black audiences. Apartheid in reverse he called it. I recog*iid tbe pro'paganda potential at once. That kind of thing wo-uld be suongly opposed by the British actors' union Equity because, by appearing before Black-only audiertces' ttre gritistr entertainers would be tacitly supporting the South African govefirment's racial segregation policies. In a leoglhy story I wrote on the subject I quoted Roy Dova$on as sayirig that the Anti-Apartheid Movement in , , onilon would also hate the idea but that they would find it eirtreqely difficult to orplain to the British masses why 'Blad<s should not be sent to entertain Blacks in South Africa, who were starved of live overseas talent.* * fshanoesburg Sunday Exlrex, 18 May 1975.
,

'Anti-Communist Movement', which operated 'g."p s in Parnel Road, Ware,'ff""tforArti*-itrfu sppp-orteq South Africa and Rhodesia in their fight against the dreaded Reds and the Black terrdrists. During thi next two years Dovaston's organization enlisted hundreds of membe$ in Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy, America, Ilolland and Australia, who regularly bombarded their locd lervspapers with pro-South-Africa and, anti-Communist letters, mainly written from roneo fact-sheets rnailed to them by Dovaston; Dovaston also secretly attempted to recuit men willing to fight as full-time soldiers or mercenaries in Angola and Rhodesia by placing advefiisements in British,newspapers
house
I

do not know whether BOSS contacted Roy Dovaston or if an Information Departrnent front man was used. But what happened next speaks for itself. \Vithin five months hd had dropped his idea ofimporting Black talent from Britain and announced he was leaving South Africa. IIe packed his tnrnks and returned to Britain with his wife aira farnity, . it,, saying he would'never return. On arriving in England Roy Dovaston formed the ^flott

betteruse.'

offering ' { r 5o a week jobs in the sunshine ' . Several hundred men applied and riiany were recruited after being personally vetted by Dovaston,: who met them in a London ho&L., Moqey seemed no problem to hirn, and he cer,tainly had top-level contasts. After meeting hirn, the men who had answered

posted

to thern direct from the

his adverts received officinl recruiting

forrns

Salisbury. British intelligence had left Dovaston alone while he ra4, his anti-Communist and pro-South-Africa movementr, rbnf as soon as he etarted recruiting men for Ian Smith?s illgal. regime the heat was applied. ,. Dovaston was charged on several counts sf:tli#hing

Rhodesian capital of

.,.548'f

,,-

,;m;

::: .'' _sanctbix'.agein* Rhoded*LtA ig$.to'tbs'B&sdti$ian ffir&;;'Tct or ts;s h-'*tt :" "m for qnv.onc 'in
ilG}lsrffi'Bo$S;
.,"t1:1

#;;;ffi["qtedcitvinBritlinwhenrp*t';;q"fti.k Docvaiton on a tedrnicatritv' 'He ihelprng individtr'ls:L '*idti;;?;;tt'y frad.: trcen wrong$f i*.it#t't'dtb '"

;i*nrh,,' meribcss,.of

rthe publis. gsrierdly:1,'",.r

1.1'.,'

''.ffiH;il;. d; J"l'ei i" l"hannesburg

,iilfrra Ui:"

t''': :' '-r"^" 'lr': ' r ,whictrwasinotillegal.'r' * was aqd:Dova$pn howenere wall, the *"t-oo +te *tt io! ,*|'f"ffi;; q,ri, Britain ani r"ts"n to South Afrie with

South Afrkm taxuecret proidcts, illegally set rry' ''ivith payerso'money, by-thl Soudr efrican govenuncntl:It fu secretly firnded through the Ss$th Afri@n Difenee Budgnt both in Rhodesia cnd in London.:The Christian Leqg$e ig not only used as a propagandn outlm but, al$o as a f,ront organization by South African Mititary Intelligence, which uses it as a vehicle for agente needing temporary ctwer

impossiUte for himto,,remai$ ir'Frimin'ae his there'' l;d L;"r,'it r""*"a W *lc$9mr*Pista ,"iif. *iiia;;;h. assigned'me and propaganda, thit was gryd that Rov disclosed Jtorv t"tv *;t* ; ;;"v o" *Jo'iui"o' m'rq Rtrodeeia' St'pport ;'matt' t"ii;f;. illi*t{thtd tlris ma4h Pftet ot x Nortember lgrll'
I

I ryly ryzesavturs

OVefSeaS. The Christian League's newspaper Encomter onoe,f,eceived $tz,w from Mr John McGofl the millionaire American publisher who was named by the Erasmus C,oEn*, mission, which investigated South Africa's notorlous f'Iltl' formation Scandal'. Mr McGoff was found to have be@' given ten million dollars so that he could affange for dre
i

itir?-Et"ir-"* for 'i:, 'Mv nrv nfsni eisciosJ th"t Oouu^*ton hadbeen quizzed r,e w'tt"o".iiriaT*J-sp"aalBranchdetedivesnwhorafu i.'d;;-1";'irs",i"'i,l'q4P""1r',t{-ttlhev;hadbeen .tu,rable to find *y p*of"t $atDsvamn'wao a secret&$lt dsn,fttr South Aftica' -ryh&;-Sp""i-rrBranctr men certainly lid not do their Fr ,.i!offid;',rh;t missed, or perhaps pr.ejgrred.yta to up set with lir*s Affii;il "r*'or ail: dov dovaston's SouthernAfrica'(CLSA) ffi and boests -inlffi-,h"'Christianiea"gr:eof ctt"ltiia" r."g*t" ias formed n;\rsand BritainRhodesia er*can Sorth r" .o.ilJ *e*u.r, p -stt'8so7' surryaide' Pre-toria' *nd b chur{r$ out It Faith';. *t" ir il-"*#;-;':i"-o.ru*" thinlv veiled presaxrtliiittf;iil"fr*it*" *"i""t*e &ttct' lilluor'-folk mpqic' dis tfrican propeganct{j -$-ioi"un"ttt"ana "gtl":tt t-' u*w ;# t'ut d;;bttd'th" F".'" wm stt"'d:& K rele; heaiflins'e"u:n"a'ftqr Qub ;U ; ;;;;*, r 7 Marcti 'i,'l'i'il'-;'l''

ffiffi"il"&" sgainst ;;ffi-i#tingers naa rnounted a srnear Movernent:wd -campaien o fril;G*g ttiut hit' Aoti'Cornmunism the South African gwernment'*

American newspaper lVashingion.Srar to be bought secretly by the South African Infor,mation Departrnent. The Christian League, which operates through a'Pwt Office box number in London, has organized many pickecn' meetings and demonstrations in Britain urging support IEf, Rhodesia and South Africa in their'fight agpinst'world:

r C,ommunism. " At one meeting held by the teague at London's Caxton

'

il'Hffi;?;;;

Hall, the audience was addressed by Mr Patrick Wall lvlFl who has been a staundr friend of South Africa fot many years. Mr Vall is also a former board member of To TIu Point,theSouth African magazine whichrwhether Mr Wall knew it or not, was a complete front for the South Africsti government. The Erasmus Commission found that Ta Tlb Point had secredy been set up by the Soutb Aflicatr ldor. mation Departrnent and illegally,funded with 6g million of South African taxpayersf money.
The big clue missed by the Scotland Yard $peciat Branch detectives, when they allegedly inveetigated leftist claims that Roy Dovaston was a South African front manr wsc Dovaston's involvement in'that marclr he had arrgggd.. London on z6 November rgn, through - i;hildisuil,"d thonsancs of leaflerc urging

f;ilff ltiil;;f,r

Afu$6#;ffi;fir.;

'" ';' ' i

'; ;.;r1

'r

''.

1'"

of the British public to,support the marqlr4And'mt&eqe

,,::t

:\

..

.r

.,

- #.,,.nfSf*t$rE.9gS.r, r

-'::'..:

;,ffi kft-winc;rs in Britabnotiqed didn't' dili ;; il oJ sp""i* ntatt"u detectiv'es Sou*r Africa he in Brck n
i'r R{rv Dovaston

ffi;ffitttd"; t;s* "Ts"ttth; tJuu'uuta

.ffig"d f* fov.tq
o

that Dovasm's leaffets'in,big bold t]'pe, itcrrdarly$ated none other with 6fti-rrrgnmunisrri M;;;;;;iF; Ariica which had

rnar*t' $"t.try that s11aq e partn*

.-

to act as drm-rl'week security guards for rictt living on vast ftims near the lvbzanrbiquefarmers White :sotlthrAfrican bord6r. Mr Aspin ran a private;sectirtty'6llrl iri England, aiid tha South Aifilgiia farrtrers trad aprendy *-ked-hh ftr help saying ttreffei*a **r canuind oope
servicemen

" "t-U"ttt*' goo{ sctrare, He wanted m ;;"''il;;;*iitt-u"oir"r

c"eet Trek firom the cape ffiil;;;iriit;;;i'il#; cornplete;in ny" tv il"lai"g
-b^x-waggons

inffrom -Mr

l#;;-i*;Joa;

tlrc khd ;;d"*il;d dti"Jv Siu*r eff"atts-q'mtbg waggons ,ii-"r'.-i*?.* W trt" uir*nelBoqq fstr63r*The orar'r@ scross Anrcrica oo a two;;;1; p"il"a"uv ;hi"h' be dilio* 9f g3rrntrlets sould ;ori ;t;aG"s. ;; and political iti"t"ty ef*t"t handed t*.*p*-"st;'tt anintdes.

enlty't&'" U"itli"ot propganda strurt which tqe whol: 6 * ;;"i" clo*6-putler +ong #;il;;the small in p'otiti* geiJrad"c t""at-T"""*"tr"

It

it was'the first ticre ' =i-6Jdtt'i"*ltt it]iora Dov;sdn *ud a conduit for slr:sh ffi;h;;;l;e;ad;;u'ioe " nrc 'frinds. was d;i;;p-et"and never Glephoced

;;; turoustr' bcd newsp"pum or Jl'y;;;tht t'*ttttt oassea *;;;;-igil' Rov A{ricat left r .l9uth G L"ro'" had iust received'soae he sav to D;;t;i"r.-pnd"iJ*" tti. I easingly i'.*t t"I' YF* csgital to $art *t*ttd he replied frm' tnJttio"tv *t" -tming ;il'fd;"fr; -A"ni;;;iiti"t mernbers in Movemeot ffi; A;; *o left me $25'ocn irr his will''
'fd;krrulilai"a
;*ftt. Y;
He

British irrlefiigbnce. Knowing that I was'frierdygq ry1 through Trevdr Aspinall of the Stmlny Pmpte, BOSS tofiil ;;-6 telephone iislie Aepin in'gritain -and fi{-ouq whether hiwas well disposed towards the Solth AfriJq+ soverrunent. Whetr I did so, saying I wanted to give hin iome favourable publicity, he outlined his security plur fc the South African farmers, and I published r full stoqt on the subject two days later.* Durin$ that call it,was eleal pto-South-Africa, and I io *" that Mr Aspin was very o"i.tiu communicated this to gbss. They told me:to telephone him again, indicating that I had 'powelff iri"ia* in Pretorii who migtrt be wining to help him.' " I teleohoned him at noon on zz Marth-and gave him thst messase'. He did not waste time. t{e said t}rat within sir hours-one of his 'best agents' would be on a plane leaviag London for Johannesburg. He said her name was Mise'Ann BrookeS, and would I heet her at Johannesburgk'|an Smuis airport'the next day? B'OSS wae impressed by M;" aroi"'* aiacrity but they took no chances. Vhen' Mics
.

ri.iight suffer hit-and-ruh attacks'by,Bl**'guenil&rs oeerd#*' " ''' .' :::i: secret bases inside MozambiEue) eapa@'f[1 irl workd iome have Aspin is alleged to

':

ffffi;ii;;;; ""1"#

ffifr-ir6*e n"lteof the lanryer who handled that dead -*" &et". Wi aW and Arm'Broohes an
In ilrcrch

6;;ffiittg-itt"

was tnre' ,r"n"" r"o*' Life is strangeJerhaps it nryles ]is u"["'"i' *'o Rov o-gvastoo wil.or uv pftiw'*t9 a"ta

furiota

-ot'i

ilsffi;fi;

1976

the British Gamdian ailc.neea

r,*iiF;pis

nra{ recfBidns Britistr

-$y N*'

"ootd of her large brown leathei suitc-ase as it came through flom the luggtge hold of the Plane. Accordin!-to the immigxation form she filled in at'tLrc airport, which was shown to me by BOS-S, Ann Brookm' *o ttti"ry-tf,ree, but she certainly didt't look it. She ha* * pagsqft .been born in Devon and was travelling on British pa{419g! number s86o5s. I drove her to the Johannesburger He&l ttre centri oftcfut, *t et" I had booked a noottt forbcr#tfts''

i."r"ft

;d.;

stepped of the piane she was'delayed at the irnnii-' nde a quick sectffiro.rtr. sbs s operatives

:,ffl?,l.INBIitrlU:.?O$''

'1, bqggnrhe, wae knonnl,

?:i:ffi H mfg*x*ru1titr,xl"#i;tr!"fr rescuing of capable were who -;tto"tU"

'il.iffi.il,t; tly ""*itvffi"tt ;;;"p, for nuclear. devices''

t::'

;Hffi?';i'J"oltt-"ttaot individuals rrom *y

Ao$ Brookes

territory or prison.Ttttr in a position to a"pit'*" atso, 9!e -said' weaponry tactical of kind any with

oqcer *,,""'ili*"ttous pyblic relalions' designed.to :turiltilt;t" *a tri"*-ot'i'" ,ttiil glearlv specializes in monitoring i;r#il;'oss 'ttfiA'pb also in Britain" s'he conlnunists ;#ffi;,i* oi*+"-tg*i;a to csrry out

Born'i$.I-ady,smith, Nstqb agd 6&rcated in Johannesat school ss Gary Thorrpeon',t&e o*phran. His c-lassmateq hgtl aqLlt&ikams niirknanre for,,lrifil* 'ttLkiel, rneaning he was reurarhably good with hie'msur&. .I{e,,hasn't changed much,, 9inq6. t}rose days, except' in ,appearance. He says he is a propeyty devcloper and literatry agent, although he has bedn involved in several other more , ., ,,. unusualbusinesseq. I.first met Gary at a fashionable London night club in 1973. The man who introduced us was a trusted old friend of mine named Willie Smith, himself an astonishiq

character who had just fled from Portugal after b,iry,.

acquitted of conplicityin a counterfeit qcket involvirig the importation of several million,dollars' worth of forged

iai;ld[it*

dit"'"tty' if I worked.for She theo asked *",'i*" "tl;$ l"gd"ffFiiuittg ow *v ttott defence l-said r was simply a ', ;;i;;,h:Aftt* i".i*"rit* who iust happened to have a
close friend in BOSS' I know she did , oifaU for that line, because

peo?le'such assignrrents for your security

q*td irue

he would be

willing

BOpS told r-e$q $Pin non ie nr ttrink tttT: vou are told she o"** dav ffi Pretoria' in friends iiehr--ab""i aota*-*otri"g.fol 3ot he.arraneed a top-level Wi*th two hours "f'*v *?ital ird everything'' car_laid.on meering for *" ou.rit #with a Brookes to see fo1 Alur arranged l-ffi;";;-true. r had in fretoria' Although Iaek Kemp at sost*;;?[;ffii" about and she trusted *", .ri"-t""*-wtrat securityrwas

# ;;'il;i;1"p#;-;"ii;h&;e
il;ffi;-.[u

banknoies and'Arnerican travellersl chJques, Gary gave-me a very old-fashioned look when we were introduced. He had done his homework. 'I've heard about you, dear boy. Weren't you in jail ih Britain rbefore yo-u started up as a crirne reporter in Soti& ' Africa?' he asked, gving a deliberately exaggerated *&ik which spread down to his mouth making it look;as thougtt', ; ': ' he'd been hit by a sudden aftack of

him he would pull out my criminal past. Hastening',to

The threat

reas unmistakable.

If I wrote

lockiaw.

anything abont

protect myself, I assured him that my crime-reporting dayS were lgng behind me and I was only interested in politicdl

stories.

r'''i

aoag"d all mY questions'

ebesaid'l .'' ' .

Gqry oan

.Mr Aspin

*t iiirib

gratsful fsc you{ helptwas all

'

character I ever met was Gary van '*ThO most extraordinary ever actuallv a spv' He's a far

A)h

Til;. ?;#;'.hi"k--h"'**
rno're exciting figure.

lGoodr' said Gary as he shook my hand warmly. 'Iha glad we understand each other and if I hear.anytldng interesting of a political nafilre Illl pass it on to you fitst,' It wa$ four years before he kept the promise. In March 1977, dvingthe trial of three alleged IRA inen at London's Old Bailey,. a prosecution witness named John Banks claimed the three had solicited him to obtain guns and ammunition.for the IRA. Mr Banks told the cotrrt he hget once worked as an agent for the British Secrot $silft*' against thq IRA. Stranger still, it appeared that Mr'gidlfis had fallen out $ith the British security people, because he

ffi,'ltlrsls$ Boss

-:
iortrfued

Fgt

oqt,l.

laf &l,lc6,''''lhf

',

,wenr

, ffiil#;*;ver * ri,lffi&";;;;?.to" ffi

.

diamon&r qrordl rneii'e thcn { r zo^million fr*i *'latge mineduringthgf4golgt ;mhtrfo-r"*l*,.4 p*te ub &q"tth*g cliim Mr{an8s *o s$empt ,:,,ffi, 1" nrct*ies had besr trained at a by a q""+ African drned olvned fut- in Oevon ,. CrarY van DYk' .b:;-imn all this was published in B-ritain: th: pry.

ffi,ffih.:rnercJnaries

bqq.dg"tt * * ,atrrck thern,; S@ aqd-'ei$fign Csllidr': f-olcrel 'Mad tc"dt"c #;i.d ii to fight'b-ttt'to tolAirsola "fH, 1ot

o,chq*, 3:!e.was capnreAt&f' & etPLA itd !y"Mr vidr pemarl$eg'm MPI-A offioccrrho ffi-Ue"'i"ai"ed by.the KGg.;eslhn sreemed out the
exact place where the diamon& hadbo buried

mdhc wa*

executed.

qgi

diamonds, but it was cnougtr.for him; Ile pcked them in'* large case, boarded a plane and delivered theirrto hie aretr' friends in Moscow. ioyett "My fi*t insdnct was that Gary vao Dykwas !4fing 4?l

Victor Fernandez fotrnd ooly {6o million:wortti ''ofr&c

'

,1

to put himsef in the head*h";fi-ffi'drarr6tti" **i"t is not mine' The desoiption d;.;ffiFtrffi'Mittv i:t-onaon E:enW sta+!'ad ffiilsi;frttv i; r6,^ei '',,'i ' Banks'' .' .; -. ',Sase'daid.drat about John lv[i Ga.ry , ;;iir, **"a-".i,, B** wasnot tying abouttoangola'

that promse anc.tdiug for Gary van Dyk' rut $'fepj of botmteting,sgme inttnlieg' ,ffi;" *it" nJ, o"f*iuu he said: by'Iotrn hiq against maOe the claims -Banks' ":rhi-r ** it diin hcls a i""t w"t1tt Mittv c-hailcte;r

rnoguls basgingon nis dmr bqging for the fihs.righttj$o I askd hfuh if he had sfiy eddeocs to suppoft his clsiu&": ;1;1at"so'rce.b imptofu". r n rhe co!

all

tiis to gpt p$licity

whictr would bring Hollymood

ageot fot i Uoot now being written :by Colonel Cdlmls s[ter, Mrs P. Georgiades, who is hiding out in my tme

lliilffu1
this very

.,

' '.::id;6fr.

o"=atour the'nlercenariq P.tl"g sent hb Or about that astonistring amorint of diamonds' Perhaps mrth' the tell to -=uat.tt lay in trying -^G*-*it-py(-"3*ioec
firerenaries ro

Black Angolan rnove*ett ,ffii&T"**"*t"; of *re and even allou/ed them to trt*" .r ' FfrtA; iJtttio"J-* i""g1rlat: the Angolan diamonds was aleo tnre' Gary's

to-"tt g"t he had allon'ed o* lFlbooott farm' Mr Don Belford' the the

tlter"nft" *ring

' 16a -ruh

the {rzo mittroar ; i"t*g"t tdittt "tigat nuno-unt 1!at dre dfi;idt mentionf tn IRA cs$e had "*,i,lFr-i"o n*" UaO*,*; tib Angpl#t @ftel of Luanda' -:ffitdl"*;;-ct"v' #ttittt qoq Attt"TS inrcllisq.l

had started the previoui y?tt

Yh"t

h".,T,a

inea to setrd C'obnel C-aqsn and his merctnanes to grab iilitteai'-""as' hrt drc KGBsomeho$i' hit l*- one of-its ge-nt!9men moles q Got e leak "to,rt o" o"" vras oo. colonel cellan rrcver srood

That diil not strike ne as being very rdevant, brt Gu54; see, ie engaged tom*f,L.fi then added'Mrs Getryiade$, you -wlro tomrred her broffihr' maa thJ Ferfustrdez, Victor Colqrel Callsn.' That made my head spin somewhat, so I nsked Glrf;if there was aury rthy rc mUa back trp his claim atiorr the looted aimonCs. 'If you think I'a grvmg you a load of old -cobblerq telephine Feter trIardy at the Daily F*press in Londo'ni' said he. 'He will confri- that he investigated the diammda,' ' "' .: q:'i' i'i'i aspectwithme.t 'tWn* I telephoned the Daily Expex ir Fhgt'.fuSsb :Br& onc assignment an away 0n lporter Petet trItrdy.wss of the senior men in the newsroom confirrned that Garyvm Dyk had definitely flown to Europe with reporter Hardy, ana that Hardy had cme back witb a cracketiac* story about the massive diamond board bcing found qAqps-, rind later sslrgled out of ts ormtry in a suitcase. Furdt{ll*l

nffirent.'

'

ffia;.[, -a

;iJth";ffil-u r-rbitshJbrfoerulv q"t wae ggsg enougb-for mp" r phoned q",ffiff

t:,i.i.i

,;l

',1;,:

'r'

: '

1'r,

; r ''
l

'Jgf

rr'

:I!$l D.*''SOEs

eDolosized

London T#;';;;,h.-tater Garv van Dvk flew from bto:gfr:.T foYi hotel I#ffiab;;anJ uootea into a ciiv .;f,;1;;-.1'n"*a "u*t this a ** dY: 11"- ;t:1^I1;

for being ultra-suryicious' He ttrea gave. ime to write B story quotilrg him on lh"-Tg"S l,oig #*tfutut 'as I did it nicely. 'Don't knock me, knock John Sanxs'mid S*Y" And so I did.* to

" in ,ilIffitr'-.;;;i* ;; "i ri o s s t'"adquarters arrived at had Gary until waiting ;ili;s. *r ilI&;il';; ilOsS [*dquarters' tetephohed nry'nurnlber one con9{ *af ffi;; i*kE;p.-i stlu irave d tape'recordi"s he would find **ettitio", auriirg *tlish Kqnp t91g me ;;;iltctty was it'tue''Boss building and who he was
seeing. --.-fnft*

i; l"-t:":,:TT :^f::Yf::,iT$?: ;nt4.fi; that Gary^had get tlP ::"".t-T11::: fie"iti*, I found pftgtll

f.fu mr.rrdered B g *gtqof 'I&ith,$ra&ce aho d[!|gt ibere,fiffixtlff-ly- | . li, :;r:j:i? ;,,'t;: .,tSosre of the mercenarie*urh kto Angola wcre not in. pocsession oJ vafi{_uavel doeilhiofs but'an ,iorpe.ro" "f the Britidr $pecial Branch,named Tucker,uras mirhmd,at and helped Banks ger to thert,, tbtoq& John $* ?i.p"$ immigration control, i' Onltre p-lane witb Bants was a senior British irrtAjgen6 man who.did in gngola while with.a:groupof thenr*i*. , . His re"lstives were told he-had-did.sf,a,hd*Ei, I r,
Mpers"

attack.

,1,1,;,;1,rr

.r

r-1,
.

*nt* ,ffii*iioirtr*.hadschemed up a plan whereby his mercenary ; ;;ii",-'i'*"'"ueral- sodth African fiil;;;;;l;" ;;ld; ;;;;;cenaries wtro naa been captured during the
in Angola. war '.-C;n/;;"nnection

months later, in March 19781 91ry flew-to South *g"it and once more visited BOSS headquarters'

it seemed hig-hlv ffilt-&;G, it?lfi was true, then in league with R,oSS in

frffinil;ffiffi

*netiuf at the Old Bailey John Banks had claimed that that iiJii.-t-i",.Ufgeirce had seni iolonel Calla1 to recover

wittr BOSS fasiinated me,

because

6tao million worth of loo19{

it"qg"S like$

6;-Btt fih intelligence had been Making furthg*tr" a"g"t* "*".iite.

n*io*?ti"nds in BOSS I

inquiries from my
l

.,tK;iil66*i

,6," f.n"irr rtu,ro, of South African rqtg$cence drinkine hole of Norman Blactburq spy Ani"* iailed- for stealing Harold wilson's ',fi;,S*ih * Tlu Citizm' z6 March r97n headlioed 'SA Man Named In u"ft-AUiO".Girn Loot Drama"
'

' facts. -lrtn Baoks recnrited Cologel Callan ln the Tanr-,ezi Club cilil; lilAot'u Earls Court disuict' The Zambezi operatives'

discovered the follorying strange

Xavier', a mystery man of Greek or Italian descent.. Xavier fled from Mozambique at the time of the Frelimo t*e.ov# ":;j in ty74. He had good reason: he was an. ofrcer:in'the :r Portuguese secret police, outfit PIDE and had acquirad a {ep$fioqr for tornring captured Frelimo gueffillas. - ,i Ardving in South Africa, he started working as Jf,reelance ..,. agent for B,OS,S in lts MozarAbique Section. Mr Xader. fleq to Frqpce in WZS to arrgage Squth African vise'fer mercer-1arie recruited in Francei Gerrmny and Britain;Tbe lisag were irgued through the South African Ernbmey in .Paris Bo the mercgnaries could fly frsm Frarrco 'and Switzerlsnd sn toJoharnrcsbrrrg for rc-routing to Angola, In league with Mr Xavier in Paris was a fornrer Frcnch., army maior knonm by tlre codename'Le Bray'. Maior.Le Brqy wgs a fro:rt man for French intelligence's clandestirn t ',,:;lrii: 4ir$' tricks brigade knqrrn as iChoc Elwen'; LaterLfttr .r ,ri,'r' aecom.pq4ied .,i:i; Xavier, sorne of the rnereenries to Angoh w&gre be beqame q seoi,or eeqryiry sffieer. for:the,FNl,A iihose brid was'to watch over urd guide the *.*itt*t *. In'!ld! r$Fecr Mr Xavier liabod wi& a enior FNLA official naned Dar-riel Chipenda ,..:In ldy-ryIS Crneral,If I. vanrden Bereh flew,ro Will$qqk in $qlth West Aflica. and, tEtrqJ wfi*r.Ml, Chipenda durigs secret metirxgs lasting three dsys:'T. months later Mr Chipenda secretly flew to pretoria frr more talks. Thid time he met Mr P. W. Botha, Seu6''l,i&*nt
..
.l

John Banks was also linked with a man known as.Maauel_.

':!.1:

ittt bbtetnde guaranteed that'if lthe fNLA'satne''to *w*"ini gneofa it would adopt a friendly stance towards rern' irrecorla" with full trade linlcs. Mr Chipenda was t" *"" ,r*r-g"**t* uv in" rNte ledder lvir ilffiil : ,,!fipilden'noberto. :':
:

Mlnister',of,Def-ettce, A

de.al

war eigncd and sedbd"iufterilby

FN LA, brrtton,bedges:,to,.ba,wom by civiliao supporteru

as

,well as his

guerrillas.'

r: " .

:,,

Dotninique de Roux

.ji'There is a direct link betrreen

and ha9.!ee1t FNLA ofithe mernbers because Dyk Gary:van p&toiographe-d training on Van Dyk's D-evo:r fartn' This is intet*tide because, aicording to BOS-S files, the FNLA ':' was formJ4 funded and run by the

Mr Holden Roberto

!,1A.

BQSS.filei'\1gZil' 'ROBERTO, ,Holden Alvaro. Adult Black Male. Real, narine,, Jose GUILMORE, sometimes spelled ' GI:ITMORE. Born Angola tzltfrgz3, son of a Baptist .,rr,$fi-ission worker. Tn rgz5 his parents sent hirn to- a at British r: irelstive living in the Belgian Congo. Educated Worked as gJe$:and'became 'tsbtist scho6t until r94o. irrterested in politics. joined the small 'olJnion of the il;ri;tit"t oi North-angola" (UPNA), becamei its

Excerpt from secret

ultra.shrewd iournalist, a contributor to Le &gno and other famous publicinions in Paris, who had iust ernerged from a hot and sweaty one-month slog through ttre deoseot parts of the Angolan bush. As a one-offstory he had wrinpn a feature piece which he wanted. to sell us about Dr Jopas Savimbi, the leader of the 'National Union for the Total Independence of Angola'(UNITA), which was operating in the heavily wooded areas of Southern Angola. The story told how Savimbi was fit and well and determined to wrest control of Angola from Dr Agostiirho Neto and thg

first met Frenchman Dorninique de Rorx in Novernbec 1976 when he visited South Africa and pppped inro'the Johannesburg offices af The Citisst, -He.was,a tough and

president December 196o. Obtained Congolebe passport in,name Rui VENT URA. Befriended Ghana's President ,,:L(wame,Nkcumah who appointed him senigt 94ctg i" :, Afrlqan Departrnent of the Ghanaian Foreign Ministry,rirli.ater appointedl staffmember of the Guineah Mission in ,1 $gw York, September 1959, bY Guinean President Sekou I Toure; Was recruited by CIA in dining roord of New

York's Hotel Tudor in October 1959. Paid roo'dollars rnonthly salary plus ex.penses to retlrn to Congo''and set

up liberation movemeht in opposition'tcl Moscow-bacl<ed Mpfa. In March r96a, uirder the name Holden ;helped form the " Nmional Front for the r ;t RO B E RT O he . 'Libetation of Angola" (FNLA) completely financed by ,.ieIA,, The CIA also made a cash payment of 3oo,ooo ,,do}lar$, to Holden Roberto for varibus no'n'rnilitary aotivlties, one of which was the distributiffl 6f; 5o,ooo

I had read several stories by overseas journatists ulho claimed to, have interviewed Dr Savimbi in the bush, bq* most gf thep must have done it by drumbeats because they had no photographs to back up their claims. Dominique de Rou:< was different. He had photographs of himself seated at a makeshift table deep in a forest with Dr Savimbi and twelve other senior members of UNITA..This made me very suspicious of Dominique. Dr Savimbi has managed tq survive only because he has an excellent sense ofsecurity. No iourrfalists get to see him at one of his temporary and secret camps in the bUsh unless they are thoroughly screened months ahead and have excellent contacts. This is Savimbi's way of keeping ahead of the men who would dearly love to wipe him and his UNITA movement off the face of ttre
earth.

MPLA.*

hir,n,

I was going to submit a reporr to BOSS m asked Dominique to give me one of his visiting cards as I would like to look him up when next in, P*ris.
Knowing

The Citizery 16 November 1976.

tfli[bw
'
lThe'caldrrttE:4[ve rne said lre 'ppectel qry3*' f*+"t* &'directors ' stdted'that eqi9, ' of 54 Rtre:de Eourgogne., -rind Peter Rosoff " of',&ii,soitttany *ltI trirnse$; Lord'Hesketh, 'aq6t.&obert Kopp. .,'.:'fi9'ltot I submitted a verbel report to Jack Kemp he"told rne'not to bother about Dominiqtre de \9*.--

rnav,rrr.BRS,. 54I. ,

'
:

time Savirnbi was reeruite*A$ foctltsrescr secret;rpqtris rr PIDE. His mairr controller'&ing Lt-Colonel'Armenio Nrmo Ramires de Oliveira and his go-between. handler
,

was Polnrguese priest, Padre Antonio de Arauio Oliveira. PIDE was then unaware thet Eavimbi was atrready,,o;

:-'r:r4l\Fe kn6w all about htln. Hers on itle. I{e's a serrior F'renc*l intelligence offi'cet who ubee ioumalism as a cover' Hd arranges r-egular shipments of arms and arnmunition to iiNfff and-in addition he also revamps all Savimbi's l ut*n'oo**utriqus before he_passes' ttreq oh' foi release UNITA's office in Parls.' ' ,rrough r ftt *'""y impressed byis$ &id and asked Jack Kemp

senior CfA,:,, operative James S. Cunningham in charge of political affairs at the American Embassy, Lusakao 7.ar.rtbia., Savimbi's lieutenant, Antonio Fernandez, acted,as CtrA , link man in T,ondon. UNITA was funded by CIA r,, and remains controlled by CIA. Savimbi's .,frieridship,' ,l with Peking was a'brilliant.blutrto distance the CIA,i, from UNITA.'
,

CIA front man and was controlled by

'how he kndw 96 rnuch..Hrsmiled and,bxplaind'-th:

,'

':',,,tlKef,rrp

,.gn

afloat until 'iit(frituo Military Intelligience to 'keep Savimbi

l**t

loeistic and propaganda support of Dr Savimbi and his U"Ntf.{ fit"v;*t was a mutual relationship between
O',"ifitelligemce
as

(SDECE), the^CIA and

is brought down'.

South

time

tINITA and that this many Crrban soldiers for so ** why Russia'fraa arruiged UNITA and its that ensu,re to Angola: in rernain to Vestern allies did not succeed in any take-over.
eviare of tnis 'capitalist suppoft' for
' ,,

told me drat the Angolan government was well

the

MPLA

'

,, Ercer?t frofi, secr* BO S S rtbs Q/ZS):

Jonas Malheiro. Adult Black Male political science at l-ausanne Read born 3/8/1934. Univemity, Switzerland. Returyed to Africa and urg-ed bv Tom MBOYA, then General Secretary of the Kenya efti"* National Union (I(ANU) to ioin up with ":Hblddo'Roberttr. Mboya was a ClA-frurded politician. ,, Savimbi ioined forces with Holden Roberto and played ley role-in helpihg Roberto fonn the FNLA and bfaUtistr the "Angolan Governrnent in Exile" (GRAE) 'of which he became foreign minister. Split with Roberto Iuli' rg6+ and on za5lr966'formed UNITA. At this

'SAVIMBI, Dr

40

M'ltlTARY
SECRETS

lrlfttt!

GENCE

MILITARY INTELI,IG3NCE i$gc&8Tg ' 54i Airaro from,thqt I indirecf,i:lirler{S4ion ; io .dre.a$,ai{q, df mstlrer countryr: Vorsteri,s$,.,Botha kne* that:. se,*p,rql hundred South African eoldiers, po{iccrnen and even Sectrcity Police,.officers had long been O*ratiBg,.m Rhodesia. Those men were ceot,torffi,,Ian Smith's undgtr
staffed and harassed security fqrces wipe:,out nests of Blagk'

.lt

l.

guerrillas invading the country. In their spare time thq South African Security Police offi cera helped to captur,e,a{,!c1
tortur-e Black activists operatipg
qt1es.

Answerins accusations that South Africa wanted to purotti and ammunition 'to fight Black people in South "fr*" the,Prime Miii{ster, Mr Alii* or outside South Africgiparliament on z6 January Iiithhu""t John Vorster, told his South Africa arms any that iqzr: 'It is malicious io say from Britain or from any- other power will be. "6i"it.. *fo fot that purpose. \ilfe as a people have no intention of fighting agaidi oi of invading any other country be it near

in

Rhodeciao$ tonrys-, and

udllr,?.q4$',1.",

Anyone checking througb newspaper files

repeated claims by the South African government ttrs{jt$ 'does not involye itself in the affairs of any otlrercoung;rt;;";', yars;to,{4y Jhey.h_ave been saying that for the last ten

the South African goverffnent vehemently deniod,,apy

knowledge. When the Angolan war started going prong fot tbe,-CIA,

Desoite this statement, Vorster was fully aware that se"teiitoup of South African Army 'demolition experts' h"a oi.rt"tty entered Zarr$ia illegally to blow up b1dg99 other mayhem in that cpuntry to bring Presi*A
a

or far.t

involvement in Angqla at all, '\J(/c do ngt havg aqy ,trgqilir,ii:,,"i there. lTe donlt involve ourselves in the internal aftir* qf , other countries', they said, hand on heart. All iournalieb in

,:,:,,it',ii
,

South Africa knew they were lyrng, because Fleet Sqee

enter into 'dialogue'talks with Pretoria. One other man ih parliament that day knew what was coins on. That was Mr P. W. Botha, then South Africa's "u,it [t.r of Defence. r$(/ith Vorster's knowledge, Botha had a full three years 'Fitrv sent 2oo South AfricanintrogPs' A;G;; to fight in the civil war Biafra as part of a CIAro t"t*i"aEd plot to counter 'growing Russian influence' there. *-ar f"t back as 196r the South African governrhent had aUowea hrmdreds of mercenaries to be openly recruited throrrchout South Africa to help the CIA put down
:,"wholed those 5oo'mercenariis, knowrr as the

Kenneth Kaunda to trtel because he had refused to dent"oit*it

iiervppapirs not only interviewed South Afrigan tfnogr.ttl Angolb; they even photographed thern fighling glongside UNITA and the FNLA. But there was nothing we coufd do alout it. The South African Defence Force slgpped p, heavy embargo an thg,whole subject, and not one word

,'. ,,, trtittl Slhen Africa?s trqops flee from South had r Angola with to
..

could we write. It was.a farcical situation because m@r. lers of -the South African public who obtained Br,itisb uewspapers by air-rrrail subscription could , rq1d,,{hi

'Commrurist-inspired insurgents' in the lonSor

was,olonel lviike Hoare, a South African citizen born of

Tle mal 'Vild Geese',

itfutt-p"r*t". iolonel rio"te is an old friend pf

Af**l-mimarYlntetligenbe.

'.

South

their-tails between their legs and,Pretoria couid not srlp: pr$s the truth arly longer, they adSnitte{ sending'a limite{ qnoqnt of troops' to ,Angola.at the request.of ltrg$I' KissinSer.,He was ths scppegopt.,And in an pttqm'g,#. reasqure the South Afiican public,that 9ur troops EgEp""ff greates!, phe South Atrican Broadcasting C,o,mqag.fuin screened a pathetic documentary film hastily.fgtrF{_hy

544'.' rN$iD4'So$',$

,MILITARY I}{r8$friltt$fit$4fl8il@Er!

boutlr A,fdgm'Mititary Imdlkemce'* It shorped''hory't&e upops woura'hsre won' the war'in tutgsle in'the nrch:bv America?' Many '"#ffiffi;d"i u."i r"n for it' I was in Pretoria the day fell whH:,8otrlfrt Africans r"r"tltrt" documentary, and everywhere I those Y"nt "**['?ii ti' t"vi"s' Yerrah, man' oY tPopt showed we or two, didn't thev' man? Pitv ;iiiA;"fnit'u iii"g rt"ut :iiai i."t* w" un"a them ail of if we'd had

3ffi;;6ffi

ffi ;; "out iust one more week.'

,^filr"iJ*'t"i'it""ra

crA, John Vorste-r and d;il';;;;.i;;;;ffi "iit'i ha! sent 5'ooo South Botha, W. F. iir"o"i"n." tvtinister,
his Popular Movement(MPLA) from coming to Power'
Those

from my Bg_sp sources about the

aqd lt"u9t" plAgostinho Nelo ffri;# t'""pt,;A"sL[;" ti" tft" Liberation of Angola and

men were figtning: T+!n$r the,Suu,th, dl&id govefirment in this regard .dimcric*,.told,.&ern.eixrg[@ Lockheed Hercrls transport plsnsr, *ich:rwere,a:,{riv,il version of the troolFcarrier aircraft usd by th Setr African Air Force. America sold thooerphmes to Suirfr A,fhiea for about f,a5 million. Dirt cheap, saidPrcwiar@ CIA arms supplies for Holden Rsbefto's FNLA.i&hmq' ment, whichrfoughtin Nsrtherg rAngpla, r,ooo miles fud Angolans,border with South \ffest ,Afiim, rrryers.iu8td tluough Zaire n'ith the full csnnivanqqsfi&esldentMobtm*,,

cmouoterCIfirnfiilary hardwrw sffiffi ,&wnifu Ionsn$esburg's Jan Smuts aiport rb Zsire. Tk euesees urere air-lifled to South !trc"*frica (t*smihial by ths '$outh Afiican Air Force so&eryrwuldbcslippcd serss,rhG bgrder,into Southern Arryols fu .$nnas. 8ayirnbi,{d'1$r

''

"-ffit

'.Amortpa,m

1,,;

UNIT.{

5,o* *p,'tt"a'"t"a dozens. of American fighters to rreritiaiii;;-r''"""it helicopters gd S:u.q" iet who stood civilians' Black or I ;id$:fdffi;;MPtA u*;s, ir their waY. *frJii--i"rongside the South African troops weremore who drove .s:"tl-1}ffT e;;;; wrtti. *"tc"tt"tit! mercenaries had' 'been The Fanhard armoured cars' CrA and ae*tt -* in Britain ffiJt il-aiA .frot France' Germanv

6i;ili*G *o ioTi" Aspin)r America'

mdZare-

f:i"-rl"*"

#:itffiil i;*r';J fiJ

with the CIA, BOSS operadves and Military an estimatid 4oo 'u'*Ga in South lTkqtound' zo million fr;clil.iil;o rnostlv oi eottttgtt"l"spent had crA tf,e *" nrirlltislii. sosS tJa all the mercenanes dollars overall on recruiting and pay9g lt did not cost t976' ayd t975 during war Angolan fbt th; the South In^ftc *6.:+t the South African ;ilil; proht' Uttfe tidy a made government African --r"-LLounage its participaiion in the Angolan interSouth Africa as its main base '"."Joilil c-In rt"a "sed to UNITA' V:st am'irunition ii#:i:&.fr;s-tt*t

*a

rot-itimifr*-ol irti ctA

*TheAt|golanFile;seiptmainlywrittenby.MrBriancrozier'
front Forum world Features'

The QIA station head in Kinehaoa, Zr*lre,;wss{,ldtr Sfimfr Q. Methven, alias Mr Mqrtin, , BOSS said nearly roo million dollags of Alasi@;ffir,. payer,st, mofrey had.been.spst;,on ttn Aryph vfSSFi alliowh l.was told this hpd been cams-Eflagpd from fruffi ssutirry ;by, the c IA ih9!{-prici{',all {he,mrlirsff . hryS*.i wgreit had qent. ' r The best example of South Af,riqarr,,involvernent fu.{hc affeirs of, another country cas.le, in 19g6 ,crh$n, EFn{&, Africa's Army Qhief General Magnus Malan ttoday fte lVtinioter of, Defenee) an{. his Militgry Intelligence apparasrs se-t up a fake Black libgration,movement in Mozan biqrrej; in leqgue with Rhodesian intelligence. tr know'all abor1!&ig' msrrcrnept because I was its nurnbesgle propqgsadiff,4#, from, ttrq stad. It w! the rnoct snrccssfill cttrnfu,ere operatioa ever mountEd by Preqo,ria. Its rq4q ,Fff 6e, 'Mozambique National Resistancti' (MNR) snd whn I first st44ed glorifyhg its erploits in luly r.977 it existed in name only. Tbe sabotage atta4Ks it was supposqd to harc made inside Mozambique were secretly carridd out by,fu Sou*r African Atrny's rRecoirnaissance'.Comnun&1,?r''$* crack unit of tough and specially trained s@#alob formed in Aqust 1975. This unit was ledby Cominrridaht
,

.,

:,:

,S#-{t$plprytgos$

worldpoe, Breytenbach.* Bfeytrl and writer renwrea ,Aocortting to the comnrmiqus given to me'for publi:nl**m.,ttrose $outh Africgrrcurnnrandos had'been busy. trn ,'.&,.spase of three mon&e drey slipped in'and out of ,r:'Mnzrrnbique at dead of nightand committed the following ,, gqgs whlctrt propagandized: I ri' gneak acact on boats anetrored by'a ietty near the Cabora , ;Bassd Dam proiect. Several boats sunk. Sorne badly , dunrged. Attict on a refugee calnp near Qortngese.'Twemty-five Blacl<s, allegedly Frelimo solditrc' killed or iniured. ''Four Frelimo army vchislee dcetroyd in va{ious areas of the Tete Prwinc. - Frelimo codblccks'stacked at Villa de Maninga. Twelve Fftfnno.s6l$,i6s alteeedly hilled or seriorsly iniured. ftdimo platoon ambushed near the Chimoio army . ,'t . Stripped naked md their uniforms stolen. (These were later worn when the cornmandos burnt ',trSlfbffiis " Aoffit ctrrrrches and rni"ssions. This was done to ereate haued for Frelirno troops in the nrral areas of Mozambique) Itrharf sabotaged by time'bomb at Maputo. Darnage of fr<o.ooo caused. - fiecomrnunicatiotm aentre at Chicualacuala blown up. '' -.Tirhe,bornb atmck sn Vila Pery railway station, '' . :'$orne of,these attacks were almost certainiy'glamorized' : byMititary Inteltrigence backroom boys, but there was one wU*r bounced back on them. It happened on Saturday, go }uly rg77,when the South African eornhandos qlu"!9d a UoniU at the Chimoio railway statiom in ttre Manica province of Mozambiqtre. The enplosion causeddarnage'of troc,teft a crater'two rnetres deep and ilote'th*'{rirooo : * Brcrrten Breytenbach became a South African exile in Paris tt-frrlrbn tri rrarried Yolande, a 'non-Vhite' Viethamese. Entering '', 8&S fficr eebetp in August 1975 to lnount an undergrurnd enti-

: !j: r:: ':'r:.i Jan grelrtcobadt, ttre broth of South Africa'c

:,:.i.i.:
r'i::

MII,ITARY INTtsT,LIGENGSt

sB,CREf,ls , ]547

rnsrttrcid srqup, he rvas trapped in a qunning plot cerried out by ao silline.t"*"tAiss who was a BOSS operative. In November 1975be was'sntenced to nine years in iail after being found guilty under the Terrorism Act.

tdn metres wide. But an innoeelrt twelve-year-olct Blak ya&ing past as the epp.locion occurred and died l$f^yll in'the blast. . flre {retlmo goverirment wasfed no rime in emphasizing the death of that child. So tr was totrd to write a.story qu"tlriE a member of the Mozambique National Res$tance msv6+ Tjnt 3s sayrng 'This is typical [Frelii,no] piopiagandn distortion to sway public emotions against us.- the-truth abou.t that child is that it died of malnutrition in a near-bv hospital that morning.' I was rarher sceptical about thie but did as I was told and wrote the story.t Military trntelligence used a cut-out when passing all tlp,,,, communiquds ofi to $r: He called himself .Mr Leite',,b* by accident I discovered that he was really Alvaro n*io; a Portuguese who had once lived in Mozambique and wac almost g4lainly a former member of the pornigrrese oecret golice. Mr Recio was a friend of Colonel loiy Ologs, a former member of the pornrguese pIDE who had flA'to . South Africa and started working for the Mozambigue Section at BOSS headquarters in pretoria. Alvaro R&i* gtiJl lives in Johanneslurg and probably still acts as,",t!1,$ Johannesburg publicity officer for the Mozambiqui National Resistance' movement. To protect- _the Sout{ African government from any possible suspicion that it had anything to do with thl resistance mor'emerrt'MN& I was toldlo elect a smoke screen about it and its methods of operation. I wrote artichs slating *rat the MNR consisted of many small pockets.of six or sev.en men who operated from se;$ anC iennpO"ary camps in rernote areas deep in the Mozambique bush. That gplqn"d why Frelimo could not catch thim. I said the MNR had hundreds of members or sympathizers all over Moz_ambique who werepart of an ever-growing fbeling of rebellion against President Samora tvlachel and -his 'Communist-backed' Frelimo government. That gave tld t impression there was widespread discontent amoigpt,t{i, Black civilian population and the Frelimo goue""rm$d'i*+n,
.

* Thz Citizenr 4 August 1977.

::.;l

M[LrtARY r$till.rrtbsbld8': $$,b,Rttsr :i:ffi'."

wiirrour,gmsci[l support, I wote lt'q tt''tis" numberofBlacks who had ;#tuiiiR;* ft"a"aTv t['*rtoi*o uke-over in 1974 aner ffiH; Mozamuiqueit rt{tusgl' Kenva and}lalawi''}Iow d arms a"o' am"rqnition?' The answer "uoi,' ar+Z-grachirle-gun$ ar.rd ::,vae sirnple. They "t"Jilp.i* hit-and-run attacks durin_s Jor"n ifr**"lo.r*-ru"".t "tr fapfetched' but'r rather iitrr-*"t"teo ,;$fr; ;"iaG. wrote these thgr-fl'* I didn't lxpest ,ffii*-i*t" told and White South Africans ;r;"1" io't!li"u" trt" ttoty but many in donations!' iepdins etarted tdv ;; A;

oowad#;ts stop it'

;;;;ffiiiit

As r9o':li+deryrourid rGot@otrt :F8s

*i; 'ffi.;ilffi; ,mA;ilNii

;ff-;;;J *idffi;.n" lo;;;S;rh

oi-it.f.

aity ttooy"*"ul*.* continued for much Afrd"b ;,i[t*ry Intelligence e|(perts pulled beturcen g really clever ore ott,bf &" hat' T!e.v recruited fallen had who Mo'u*uiq"t qpqtll Blt.i;;it* rcn,asd or political ffi;f .t*'FEimo tegi*e for various rgsons These m"r,

,ilffiilord"ii
F;;t;;;;

iet"

"oirot**, Mo,u*uieue" ryo1true' Those photo' ,ffiffiiJiitia" trr."" t"u"tJ miles outside Pretoria' where the
terrain is similar to tir"t

banded together' s1v9n YTpons and qhglographed t'training at

i" ilfffi;;i; ioutn"tist timea Jose Ramalho' Jose ha{ tived in Moaam:*[ffi',h" F;fi; ttk"'o* worked ad a PIDE agent had he Uiu", *n i.. I wastold, state..with r ilh;' *to-or'u"i"J " iout""titt'^ -cannot or Military BoSS for J&-"a'working ffi*diil"rl"re tti settled in S-outh Africa but he was il ili*k"" *it* bv Pretoria' He and I were the only ffifiv-t*tt"a givin regular propaganda stories abstrt the
," ue il'""*ii;" 'tvtot"mtiq""
.,,

i" fuforu*Uique. Some photqgraphs me, and- others were pCIsed on to a

'n tt""; th; "training' photograpis .TItc ffi-;ilhd August r 977, nd Joie Ramalho used three C;tii-o" 18 tT';;;-ff;;' -A'itlt*tv Intelligence later took ttreir idea " some of their Black trahees #: ;;E;ifu "-v setiaine 1977'

National Reeiscarrce''

,"bclLists,Mszrynbique,t$Sgleemtooperh0e.ifi ipdrl-'end -cary,6ut acrs of'sabotage bg{ryt Frelimo, A3'ttc t'ti*glr:I ' ls6s told that Pretoria expedd'drcee'stupid Bffis' to get ,caught: cannon-fodder who, fut shot or capitued' by .Frelimo, would bear out the ltrudrl that the Mozarrrblque National Resistance rnovement reelly existed. Brrt'Pletq0&, badly under-estimated those Bl*cks' Tltcy:not only Wni. mittid acts of sabotage but mgde contaet with,artd reeruited severat o(her discontents. Seizing on this; Pretciriscraltqd: -ferrying larjesuppties of arms and ammunition to tlrem.r{t: hideouts deep in the Mozambique bush. White advi* .:, weresent regularly io bridnew recruitg who werF 61'p$j *rey would be given high positions in ttre McambiQgg govenrment when MNR ctuneto po*r. That is when the Mozambique National.Rrbist$rce movement really did staft to stist. The whote tbii$ escalated and larger-scale attacks were mounted against Frelimo. Bridges were blown up, troop convoys ambuehed, collrctive farms were attacked and even tight aircraft19(S,, shot doqrn on at least two occasions. When it was discovqt[ that these aircraft had ontained innocent civilians, I $dr told to write propaganda stories a[eging tby had been ttpt down by irresprrsible Frelimo soldiers who had thought tlrey were'invading Rhodesian airctaft '.* . Pretoria tried to pull another fast one by attempting to gain respecubility for its secredy funded resistance mo,ver ment. t eaaing mernbers were told to try forging a ltnk with another anti-Frelimo group, knovm as' ttre 'Unit64 Democratic Front of Mozambique' (FUMO). This.gtSt$ is financed by several rich White Pornrguese farmer3fdnd businessrnen who fled from Mozambique lvhen Frelimo insisted they pay their hundreds of Black workers a decent wage. Vhen they refused, their businesses and farms were taken over by the state. I know that overtures were der finitely ma{e to FUMO through its Lisbon-based rep@'., gentative, Dr Domingos Arouca. I do not know whetbbF'b ,, :.r,ff.,,i4|:,, f,dl for it,or nOt.

*;i
:.,':rl

* TtuCttizan, 18 August

* The Citizant z9 Novernber

1977.

itl5gg...i,!l\It&&Dgr,.&s.8o:r i.;': i .l .r,i ;i.,

MILITARY INTILLXGBNGB'SEGRETS . 59t with him when he made reguler trips to Pretoria frsm his ,hoflretordiein Blantyre, Makwi. But the5r'ilevc got him, Whenerrcr he booked into hotels lrc used the false nanre J. Pereira. Only one 'liberal' iournalist obtained interviews with ]orge Jardim and took plrotographs of him, and that was a trusted Pletoria propagandist nambd \Hinter. I wae assigned.to write stories in praise of the Voice of Free ' $frica radio programmes which were broddcast everynight' in Portuguese and several tribal dialects. Another man who was linked with Mr forge Jardim wus Mr Leonel,Carlos Fereira. He is a businessrnan who"tlyst a fornrne when he fled from Mozambique in 1974. fr[ib',', settled in Johannesburg and in ty76 set up a Pornrgue language newspaper cr.lled. Fopular. This is a vehicle for right;wing propaganda and is ,aimed at Johannesb'tirg"e large Poituguese community. It is also a 'vehicle rfo( Military Intelligence propaganda. Mr Ferreira's Mf ''fbecl man' was Mr Ben du Preez, alias Ben Strauss, a& M.n. operative based in Poynton Buildings, Pretoria. Vhen I first met Mr Ferreiia in ry77 he had a'plush office ou th$ forty-seventh, floor of Johannesburg's prestige Carltcn': e,entre. The sign on the door said 'Dale Carnegie Sou& Africa Ltd'. Inside was a large room full of school'deski and a blackboard. Mr Ferreira appaready had the Johanoesburg franchise from Dale Carnegie of America, and his staff of teachers ga{e young Portuguese expensive lessons on ': 'How To Win Friends And Influence People'. That classroom was used for other purposes at night. It was atrainingroom formercenaries, who swottedup ontlow to hate the 'Mosoow-backed' govefirmqts of Angola and Mozambique. Some of those ygung Pornrguese'ended up
fighting as mercenaries in Angola. Similar lessons were given at the (Institute Verneif in central Johannesburg. This was a private college nin by a friend of Mr Ferreira's named Dr Antonio Ferronha. Dozens of Dr Ferrorrha's pupils also
ended up fighting as mercenaries in

its MNR ' :,,Prefiofiarhd a \rery sln-ewd;'&orive'for hpping pl91r The FUMO. yq *r,ga ete* into an-alliance wi$

ecMNR

N*i"ntt for

,glrch stanls would have pltrced the United Nations over aq

FUMO wotd<l have applied to ttre United observer stattxl, dsitnlng they were a genuine ''Black resistance movement' fighting for the liberation of Mozambique. Pretoria felt the decision to grant or refuse
and
:'

'eqharrassing political barf,el..

Ttre Mozimbique National Resistance tnovelnent is still attacking Frelimo soldiers and bases. In ttre fouryearssince r,it;wut ti, op it has cauied damage rn lvlozarrbique to the
;tqae of more than {4o million. Mugabe's Black govcrnrnenr .and renarned Zimbabwe,. the Moiaruuiqtre,Nation Resistance movement extended its

:,Shortly after Rtrodeeia wcs_ taken over

!v,

RoUy:t

operatiop secretly backed by' :South Afiign mititaw lntelligence was a powerful transmitting statio-n tnilin"citsef thJ'Voice of F'ree Mrical, which operated on *ri tieaium wav-e (3oom x 998kgz), Secretl based in .Uortati, Rhodesia, it broadcast violently alrti'Frelimo p*qpagandi to listeners in Mozarnbique and constantly nrgrqgd nThe

sabotaso,a;d disruption activities to that country

also.

Anpin

itrJ"mioiti"s of th-e, Mozambiqrre }lationl! Resistance. V.oise', was set pp with help frorn Pornrguese mpltimilionaue.Mr Jorge Jardim, who until the Fretrimo taks' over wa$ known as the lBusiness King of Mozambiquei.' . Mr Jardim, who owned the morning newspaper No ticias da ' Beira and the weekly magazine African Vohe n Mozam'bique bef,ore the take-over, was the front man used by Soirh African MIi in collaboroion with Rhodesials tvlilttafy Intelligence, to covef,; up their' involvement with nltu MqLanUiqul Nattsnal Resistance movement' Thf .wls .dotre'qutte slevedy. MI leaked rumours to South Africa's .llUerat.press that Mr Jardim was the secret organizer and :'firtancialbacker of the MNR.,Because he was known to be a tough right-winger'whoee newspaper empire had been taken-oveiby the Frelimo govemment, Se liberal,press believed the rumours and often tried to ob'tain interviorvs

The man who officially recruited all these merq$.l& and sent thern to Angola for South Africals l$tilitary

Angola.

.," ]1,::i

.'

al*S,*r&o.nt nnan for_the-Gi

Fo*queo6r,S&olixrddn alarg ho6sc ia ruxury r disffirerd tnargcwaE a tbrmer PIDE ofrcer in mozamUique. He was

.Intdtbpnse

l*fryp'g}
,, Bg
Sondton City

wr*

Mrr,lranv rNTsfLrcBNcs sBcRBrs . 5j3

:"neq wlren he fought as a Corporal in the Souttr African Amry's second Bothas Regiment in the North A&ica cam_ gygt. durilS the,Secsn4"Ipr'.rld V;;. rXffi Morrissey in ry76 he was rururing Mifit"ry hidfie# rront known as the .Friends of Mozambique " and Arr*r" grizens' organization' (F o MA eot;;}"ffi;h;; Pretoria chairman. This set-up ,"rr'* ,.geto throughout Mozambiqui but was t"to ,lr"n r.a

sanaiin-;;:-i;,
Ah

, $lilofTller rqu['a sqgany

was.lTillgrrr

'

!il l&dan is worth a book on his own. lle was the h*a o{t}9 CIA,s speciat operationsii i".thif}G;A pemgrlel friend of General H. I. van Oen necgU, ni ;pF;; a.tracrorround HJ,s fann as away of *.Iyfl:r^gf3q , gscrng some tresh air jnto his lungs. But Big BillJora"n f"U
$ry.$,@ire *as:a c, { op"*tir,.- it" ir""ifr.i tt ISy b *e pan who hetped t" -^t"*i"a fiit AIiiIJ; &\laston ot Angola in rgTS and arranged rnassive CIA
anar

Centre.

called.Imco

Bil: J*dil;e; &*k" in the maiq

-_.

$;rtfili*. .Frg
-

rris number

l;;*;rt

ofliae,bio.k;

foul of South African Militery. gn l charge _of iuegat.posoessid octobor-rgil irms. Jgrdso vnas.kicked olt_o-f South "e efrica-filwau never dis-

htatd;; il;d;; i"

ht

d dfr; rouunnesu.r.g Angolarili;" " Aaother man who-ptea as i-;il;# -;;;";;;.#; for Sotr& African Military Intelligence *re ecor-romy of Mozambique uao ""drvrrffi nawara Bffi, a,{W,RAFglg,
ahlifu of arrns
ammunition to

&s,Sourh Africa?s we in the

;"t"1;6;fr;tus at night for "f rvrr sa;* ;i"il"d- ;"*G q"-.*: 6; P,"f*1l.. ml:, :'g in 1974, when he owr.red euuFry rhtelligeoce a 7r-goda; {1qat Moamba in oe satiii ni."i" .il,ior"*6iq*. B;
$.t"
.EFsulguse.
he

4BlO, Hesenld ln Soutrrrtrrica_in

pjssffied the art

t'lo^ryg b"rn rg+o;d,

i"-il;d E d;ffi dfiil&fr

r"uo*"o,i"*J irii,iil fg*111:*:I Itre lAkk talm was expropriated by Frelimo

left. ,
wheir

4!r, Eg.yas forced to flee ft"e yhen Fegimo began t9 s9$!cr -1i,"* hi-.

A;;fil"il;d;'i;

Ad""rbique in rozd

who caused .Urutary h?r* in Mozam6_iqoe *", u" iia""v d.J; Hg319 n"torrrssey, wrro was ana-seafJin * Ireland in rgrghfi..liLi;' so'th Africa in rgs8.Ty ur rvrorrissey;-#;
_

Aqoth"r

Intelligence operative

rnre[rgence assessor during the Second "s he World War, senled in South Afrie in r$7 and was , G"Hy ;;"r"tlua p spy in various prru 6rbu"r Yr ryrr was caught red_handed taking ptrotog"abhf bf _L;reavef,
ii,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.

beinvaded by Russian-backed at toppling him. Mr Morrissey garre rni the names of :.*:o mree key aides who were plotting against president Mobutrr. He was proved right ten,rio",fr-r-i"*"r;;;; was- a,tternpted; all three aides were executed by -c9up Mobutu. Morrissey later let me disclose ro*" oittis-ia"* ., , story.* He also leaked several viciousty antl_fretmo to-me which r wrote for The cit;ziklsro , Yet another Briton who spied for soutf, efric* Intelligence was Mr percy Cleaver, o"U_t"o*.television camer,rman who,was b":q " |1 Grimsby, England, in n_li-j. captain in the British a"*V *t o-fr"la *orrcA $ t1m*
to.

Mozambique and ran spy networks in Aneola. t" friit _*LO" potittcal . -iVIr Morrissey cenainly n"a rnronnauon. At one stage he ""or, showed me aletter-he had written to,president Mo6utu $es; ffi,, Morissey warned president Mobutu ttrat"hrs countn,war, ,; .

."*o"t-;i'il; tl t\fr-elimo.Securitypolice. ,.,..,:, . ltr M9ryissey, who owneda palatial Spanish_type house in Pretoria's Herbert Baker Street, sJ rntelligence front organization caried the-southern "i;A;'Mtt#; erri*i Anti-Communist Organizxion (SAACO). at *r" ,"il time he mastermindef, *L*ri, M i ;;; ;;";;d;; .v", as the Southern Aflilan Rhodesian i""go; iT;ffit pgth organizations pushed out vitrioii" propag*a"rds,; i;k#ildr":ir fb*;;; ;;;;i;';;;

ffi%

,io** "ia-r'lrrlr"= ffin*

"i Afi.ilil i"-T;;;#,

,'.

* The Oitizen, t7 lvlatah tg77.

.l-

--

t#{

{"n$Aii}'Sr:Bg8$t"::'r;

. :''r,;: ,

,;11 ,i

':'

r.,;',

*rategic mitiery iostalhtiffi in tho Tanzaniaa capital of Dar es Sslsan aad, afte*b:co,q@d to work-irlB:for $outh Aeigm Mili@y InteUigeoce, was iailcd for three years.on e4donrye,.*rges. Vrhetr;Fltased fron iarl on 19 August rg75, Mi Cleaver flew back,to'his home in Johannesburg. Ody one reporter in South Africa was given permission to interview him. I was thet reporter aad, for obvigus reasons, I rnaote a story denying that he had wer been a spy for
The most bewildering Militqry Intelligence agent I knew wm,Carel Birkby, who is a legend in South African iournal.ism. The former military correapmdent of t&eJohannes' bwg Sunday Timesthe went on to write for the govef;runentfunded To Tlu Point.mryaaiae. He's a nice chap. Hates apartheid. I.oethfs the Afrikaperl yet.works for the military boyr. beeause.he believes they'are gentlernen of the old $chool and should really rule South Africa instead of the
South

Africa.*

Another front organizatiou,, rsed,by South,,&friffi Military Intelligencc is the tChristian League of SouM Africa!, mentioned in &eprwious chapter: But hr6thss is another strange link .lVhn,the Christian League fif* ' started operating it tied up with *re right-wing rp[64ugp1', Christian Grdup' (RCG) whictr'rf,s secretly funrcled dnd
manipr,rlated by Rtrodesian intelligurre.

bscausg it ls&sws' $6;9 ::lslersrlt-.dttr;reF maeters ia,Pretqib can beqlheu it suits *rern.

Itrb*idoq

;tlff

Since the early r97os the Rhodesian Chdstian CnEirp Arttrur Lewis, a forrner Senamr , in Rhodesia and a vociferous defender of that aountry. Father Lewis has toured the world giving lecrures in supgin, ' ' of Ian Smfth's regime and, being a man of 6d, Fat@
has been headed by Father

possible.

I-ewisalways attacks C,ommunism whererrer and whenever

Ngionalbts. .'grel was a elose frind of Alerrasdf,'Sandy' Fraser, a $cqt who was known to.all iournalists as Jarnes MacBond bocatrse werytody knew he was an agent for Military Intelligsnce. He openly adrnitted it. And paradoxically, this ,elrsed him to gather muctr iqforaation f,rorn iournalisis whCI.h6d. axs to grind against others. It takes all sorts to mke an intelligence world. . Afted Forces, a privately published monthly magazine' is aimed at-the youth of South Africa, It glorifies the South A&ican DElence Force snd constantly publishes photoggaphs of'Russiao-made' weapons used by captured Black &cedsm fighters. The magazine deals with all aspects'of military warfare and arms and amsrunition- BaePd io Swygens Road, fohannesburg the magazine is yet another popagande v,ehicle secretly funded in various ways by Sotrth African Military Intelligence. , The editorr Mr Peter Mclnteeh' has.been a frimd of nine for **y 1'"t"t. He's a ctrarrring and witty man who, naradosicaUh loathes and detests ttre policy of'apartheid. * Johnonesburg Sadalt Exgresso a4 AWwt rq75.

from PO Box r7o, Rusape, Rhodesia, but quite often also: from one of his friends'named \[/ingar, who lived at
Longleys, Meigle, in Perthshbe, Scotland. Mr WingEremsy well be shocke#to learn that Father I-cn'is was rsed and funded by Rhodesian intelligence in league with:South African Military Intelligence. The sarne apptes to Colonel fnnes, the ctrailmqn of thc rScottish Friends of Rhodesia'. Father Lewis also used thc C;olonel's address, Tulchan, Glenalmondr, Per*rshire, to send out vitriolic rtacks on 'Robert Mugabe's temotisigt and'world Marxism'. I still have one of the missives Father Lewis sent to lne from Colonel Innes's address. Dated July 1978, Fa*rer Lewis wrote in ir that he had fust renrmed from a six-werk visit toBritainwhere he had intended to lecrure in favour d

BOSS told me to give Father Lerris wlutever suppolt I oould at all tirnes and I received,his publicity hand-ouB;fr*., several years. They were grostly sent to me by {attrm,ftirdb

'' I
,

btrt,thst 'a fen' dozen assorted leftist clowns stagd;',the most astounding. circus,.howling. obsceldties at :a6. ..'

* Rhodesia. . He said hundreds of people had wanted to listen to,Affii

";,::

..

.., 566-' .rNSISg'ifO&$l''.,, .1.'i..,r .,'

:,1,,

MrLlrAFy

TNTELLTGBNcBi $Bcngfrsr..

jt7

Father Lerflis stated that British newspapers had used headlines scneaming 'Apartheid Priest in Canrbridge', and a dcfirand for his deportatiion had even been made in the

Br.itish Parliament. ,,i',Sut, added Father Lewis" Scotland Yard Special Branch men,had been very decent,torvarde him and to thrn'I give a,bouquet for courtesy.'
,

African csuntries and also vieired Russia and China on special fact-finding tours., She,ie a ,close frieod of South A&ie's Premier, Mr P. V. Bertlra" and knew him, well when he was the Minister of Defence. In mid-r977 Mr Botha and his Military Intelligeaee
Aida Parker on the subiect of CIA intervention in Soutl, African affairs. Vhen Aida returnsd to the offices of Tlu Citisen she asked meto help her sift through all the documents so that she could unite a series'of stories attacleing,the

orperts leaked a vast amount of documented infor,mation t6',i

.' ,One

Rhodesiari intelligence until Mr Robert Mugabe and his Black government took over the country.

Rhodesian intelligence

front organization was

,{Verlin Associates', later rena,med,''Lilr MetrSnel Associates', which operated as a public rdations firm in the Rhodesian eapital, Salisbtrry. This set'up was run,by a vry bright woman named Lin Mrhmcl who acted as a secret propaganda outlet for the Rhdesian govemment. She also had excellent contact with $bu& Af,rican Military Intelligence and her best propaganda cofltact in Soutli Africanl igurnalism was MiJs Aida
,

cgmpiling this sedes, which appearedn.Tha Aitdgen under the heading 'The Secret US War Agsinst,sobth Af,rica'. To help Aida I slotted in secret information.fmm BO
SS

-olth

C4A. The two of us worked together for more triq a'

Ferker.

, Aida, in my opinion, is the finest intelligence operative and propagandist South Africa ever had. I worked withher on:several secret missione'whett we were both employed by Tfu,Ahism and liked her trernendously, "' ,'IvIy liking had nothing to do with politics. She's fifiy-five, charming and refined. A woman of means, she lives in a house fulI of antiques in Auckland Park, Johannesburg, and,never spie{ for money. She considers herself a South
.A,frican paqriot. She would

in the form of a thin paperback. At the time, I knew that. Aida had obtained most of her information from Mr P. W. Botha and his Military Intelligence men, but I did nst k,not Mr Botha's hidden motive - to bring dorrn premi* Vorster and H. J. van den Bergh.

files on various people, and later the series appeared

wi[ingly die for the country'

although, paradoxically, she dislikes some of the pettiness of the apartheid systeln. She treats her Black servants well aud eonsiders herself a mixture of conservative and liberal. But say anything antagonistic about South Africa or its government and she becomes a fire-belching dragon. ' A personal friend of the forrner South African Premier Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, and one of his tame propagandists evm in those days, Aida worked for South African Military 'Intellignce for many years. She operated in many Black

'Kissinger'. The most vociferous opponent of H. J. van den Bergh and John Vorster was Defence Minister P. W. Botha. He had always warned Hj ttrat the CIA would eventually doublecross South Africa, and his warning proved trug when the CIA pushed South Aftica into Jending trogixq:,',: into Angola during the civil war there. Botha got,lrrud-lfr}i: over his, face when the CIA's interventio,n in Angola

H. J. van den Bergh and Premier John Vorster did as they, were told, the extreme right-wingers in government were appalled. They started a rebellion, claiming that Vorcter and Van Den Bergh were just'ClA-dominated tittens wto were suckling at the teats of that political hyena Honry

with the CIA, and when he formed bOSS this wae sffenglhened to the point where the CIA, after doing sorne very big favours for BOSS, began telling South Africa what the American government wanted it to do. When

General Van Den Bergh alwqys had a good relationslip

-,$s"tl.r:r,b*tsos$
;' rurnet{trinto a.nas@ "ie&dlie C

,,

mqrnted by BOSS in collwion with the Oepartrneit of Infomation, he got ssne of hie top Military Intelligence :nuF to *iount a careful probe into various aspects ofihese ,pryiats. Armed with ali Ois innrmation h"lr"r ttrat the time had come for him to get his own tiack on Vorster and Van-Den Bergh and brin! himself.to pow"t at tfre-sani
time.

f* wttnerum; te*rnAg South .,Ali{co',o te&e mo$ ofr$.blerre. There was another r6on why Bottra resented H. I. rran ' dieer Bergh. \Shen Hj came to power as the head of gOSS ,snd Souttl Africa's intcffigence overlord; Military trntellin119nga aoq into second place. And nobody in ffnT.ys *he military liked that. ?he top men in Military Intefligence regarded thrnselves as lnon-political purists, who werJonly it!6r6t6d in vital manerc of aefenoe. They despised Vai Den Brgh's men as little peeping tottrs *ito crept round lookiry for people who disagreed with apartheia or Wfrites -to , fc&o slpt with Blacks. ena rome r*ttitt tlney wete tigt t I Wtien Mr P. W. Botharltetill.Ebout the serrer proiecls '

4'

AN

EYE FOR

AN EYE
.,,,n::li,

That is why P. W. Botha had leaked all that information to Aida Parker about the CIA's secret war againsr Souttr Africa. It prepared the ground for his next move, which was S*:slow but sure- leaking of information to South Africa's tlberal press about the Departrrent of Information,s secret Froiects. The notorious 'Irtfo Seandal'was born. General g. I, van den Bergh and Premier John Vorster were toppled and, because he had known in advance what was going to happen, Mr P. V. Botha enierged frorn thc Commission of Inquiry into Information Oepaitmerrt -:" 41alp14ctices with hands as white as snow. rrillir.is surmningup the Commission of Inquiry found *rat Mr Botha?s hands were 'clean in every iespic and hic integrity remains unblemished for'his deattast( as prime Minister'. Yes, eractly as he had planned; the Honourable $[r Pieter $rilem tsotha became the prime Minister of thi Republic of South Africa. That was ttte rewatJ foiA;-*; who was South Africa's real 'deepthroat'.
1

Whea he gave evidence before the Erasmus Comrnibsion t$,, Inquiry into Information Departmegt irregularities, Generii.t H. J. van den Bergh artrniftgd that he fIt entiUia to kin. {ar,fgous undeiground Communists who posed a threarlt{ thl Souih African gover,nmenr but who could not t6l, ,rought before a corrt of law. 'I can tell you here today, not for youf records, Uut I can tell you I have enough men to commit murder if i tell them to kill .. I do not care who the prey is, or how important they are. Those are the kiridof mbn i ft*e. And tf I w*tee to do something like that to prorect the securigy df,the $uter , nobody would stop me. I would stop at nothing.' Smiling at the three:man Comqrission tre added garcastically: 'But that is such a agrrrqging dmission that, my dear honourable gentlernen, for ire-sake of the'Sirutfl African government, you will be cqmpe[ed to omit it from your findings.' HJ was right. The Commission watered down the -eqmment to 'He told the Commission arrogantly that if he wanted to do something, nobody would stop him and.that he would stop at nothing.' The only other mention of this subject that the Commission made in its report was that HJ had atso admitted 'being in charge of a fo'rmiaable net- i ryork of agents whose qualities he described in sinister -.:.
,

tetmst.

HJ told me about his shock admission to the Commissiou yherr my wife and I spent. the afternoon on his zgp-acre fpnn near Pretoria one Saturaay in March ry79.Itian" ru no surprise. I had known about the BOSS killer squad, the 'Z-Squad', for a long time. But even today "othidh;6# written about it in the South African press. I AouUt ni*ffi; know any details about it, but even if they do, nothing"ffi

INSIDB, 8OS'$. be published" Il:g lop de"r"t, an oficial secret qrhich i?{G, under,the Ofrcid Secrets Act. . ip*t from that there is a new Act, called the 'Police Ag!'i which was passed by parliament in June 1979. This' prohibits publication of any 'untruth' about the police unless there are'reasonable grounds'for believing it to be true. fjke the Prisons Act, it places on the'publisher the onus ofproving that the required reasonable groun{s o<ist.
and Robbery The gangster's fingerprirts were on ttre guo. He hsa definitdy fired ig because forensictests ehowed-that miEute 'flashbackl gunpowder partic;hs were fouad on hb fu"a, aqn and b,e$do&es. No pr*lem The Security Folice l*relr otherwise, but they did not do anything aboutit, apart &se-, telling H. J. van den 89ryh. ,..' There's nothing wrong with that , he said. . They kilt our _' cha_ps,, so why shouldn't we kill theirs? ft's an eye fur ancSrer, ,: and the Bible says that's all right' , That nuy sound straqgG to overseas ears, br$ SsS Africaqs will immediately :undierstand. Lrike:ms6t God* e3ring Aftikaners, LIJ was, fond of using his gibleta$ sa; ., exuse; If the Bible is read r'gqr carefirlly by peoph tooking for G;icuses they can make cutEin phrases mesn wfrat tUd want them to mm. For instance, one Of ttre A&ikaor'i favoruitc sayingc is that itis.oalyright theWhitbmn*r shmrld be superiorn and that thE.Black man is there to do all..tba haqd and dirry work Ask him why hebeliwes this md.b will alnrost 'certaiaty tell you it's in tho Bible. W.hrci ,rr ,l;; that part where it tells how the inferior people - 'fuh, mano should be hewers of wpod and dnw.ers,of weter.,t - ,.i,,, I have not related this famous South African anecdote in effort ! denigrate the Afrikaner and his genuine re{igious 1n fervo.ur. Oa the contrary, I want to make somethiog.vu"y clear. I never had ameal at any Afrikaner,s homc wh& full Grace or thanl$ to Qod was not said. And an Afrikancr 1t

the,ryle by orhermerrbem of.the Murder

!q*d.

Ofences are punishable by a fine of up to f,5,ooo and imprisonment for up to five years. Or both: What it bqils down to is that, in the same wey as the Prigons Act has stopped any disclosure of bad conditions:in South Africa?s prisons, the Police Act effectively eliminates publication of any report which migtrt put the South African police force in-a bad light. It is yet another strong link in the lengthy chain- *rat shackles the South African press. : "The Z-Squad was formed in the lste r96os. The idea was p rt into H. f. van den Bergh's mind when a fire-bomb was ttr?own through the Soweto home of a Black spy who had
given evidence against two mernbers of the African

eongpss. The Security Police were on the scene first and were later joined by members of Johannesburg's feared Mruder and Robbery Squad. One of the Murder and Rgbbery Squad men told the Security Police that he had a gqd idea who had thrown the bomb; he believed it was a Black gangster who lived about three miles away.

\ational

I do not know the name of the Murder Squad man, so I will call him 'Mr P'. Later that night he went to the ho?ne of the Blagk gangster, sneaked into tris bedropm an{ shot him dead as he lay asleep in bed. To make this murder appsgr to be a lawful case of 'self'defence', Mr P placed a stblen gun in the dead man's hand and shot'four or five bullets at the doorway, using the dead man's finger to pull the trigger. Mr P then returned to base and filed a report stating that he ha{ gone to thegangster's horne, 'acting on
inf,ormation received', and had been met by a hail of bullets as he edtered the room. He had fned back to save his life. His statement fitted in perfectly with the evidence found

passingor his loveof God to his fellowqan. He Oin*qXO his blood, not his brain. As he sits saying Grace at a.tahle overloaded with good food, Nellie the Black maid is sitricg in the kitchen eating her 'mealie pap' (maize meal) from hJ gwn privatetin plate nnd drinkingtea fio,m her owntinmug"r It's an old dfrikaner tradition, basd on that strange ocui.' that Black servants have their own distincrive cup aoC otrd
becar,rse

y1lout a Bible in his home is a great rarity. But thc Afrikaner has some kind of nrer*al btrsck when it oomes to

* Tbe

'their germs ar stronger than,ours, you

tino*.:the

dGlcendaos of l{arn Ossbur g.2r).

g6a

. txsron

BosB

.i

.AN BYB TBQE,

cartoonfig're gf the old barded Afrikaner fanner holdine a trtbls T-ofle hand and a whip in the other as he watchd oq/er the Blacks working in his fields is no joke. Suafv, i* too true. In many t*"io"o oi-souir, "ff rafrher goes to church with all his Black.workers every Sund3V. H9's a very religious man, and rt", sinE hvmni tqgether: the farmer inside the c*rurch, wittr "U aU tf,e other and the Btacks,ui.iJ.; frrrffylfrigr"S away on the lhitg, drurch steps. I once-asled Hl during a private interview whether God approved of s-pyr1g. Vithout btinking an eyelid he th"; seJgl elamples from the Bib.le at me-oyou know the stonr of Rahab, who gave inforniation a.sirtan;;-A; "na f91ce an! named her price to ]ostrua, 1[Td.:""1V -tne1 namety that her life and the lives of her famity Ue,pareJ. .And what about the house of Jos.pt, *t u-r"ui";#idili of the city of Bethef an outrijrri;It" f";hilt"fb;ffi; t"{i"g "Sherr us, we poy tt!g, td d;;"" into the citv snd we shall shew thee mercy". And isn't the whole story

Anil'.d;?il;

the Israelites earne up agains Arrl&lek and Moses stood on top of, a hill with the rod of God in his hand he nesded Hur to hold up his rryeary.arms uotil sunseC,wiG $apn and Jostrua .{iscomfited amatet< a"A nii peopte witfr ,t; drg sword. Alec is my.Aalon ena MitJ iu *1, ff*. "+;; e6A,i ha-y-e-people who are i,iu-s.o ofttn" swra--* ".utG-iOg" well.' I Yes, the Afrikaner his Bible. Usmg tLe gtainly biblical '"y9 fo" * eye' sayini, $tows Hjf"*r.d rhe team ofmen known-as the Z-Squad - men who were willsg to Us-e ihe edge of the sword for him, There were five of t[em. and. at first, they only killed Blacks, those .hewe;;;"d;; $awer_s _of water, who dared to stand up and agitatu fcr bOSerjgUs_ and better living condition, Oi tt ernrfrr"l-.nO
other Blacks.

^*

syp

.. S6g

"ia Sg t Fa, yhat it is, anditre ieople trr"ra*.ii"rt

W:hetherthelzare strong orweak, it w

of,Esrhr an account of a classic penetration of the royal rr""ri of-afr*;;;tAd;;#; "*i uiionn "tio" i"it;e loof up hoy.' noim by point, Moses T1.g out his orders to his spies, in Numben ,3, to ,.G"i'y".rp go $it',wal southward and see

;t il;A;,il""tain
or**y,

"*"tu[i6.ti;i

-d.i;:

HJ paused t9 Set full effect. .And you know the story of .', horv, upon their return, they w-ere ,"Ul."t"A t" aeUrLniJj hgy tUuV differed in their Lvaluation'of tf," n"JffiTd --' whlch interpretation was acted upos.i D-uring another interview HJ insisted that ftll ctedit for 'the,Bureau's successes shixlld go to at.c oanWlrn ilTv1il; 'Qeldenhuysr.who were two of:triS t"p *"r*:t" thd Aaron and Hur. "d;J an.ox-waggon by himself, said H]. .__lTT i*tot.pull 't:ven Moses could not always manage on his
own. When

m*:,',,*"

they dwef rn, whethei

t"-.e#;;'ti;;;:

ana wfrat ttre

lVhites.

p{ ygtl-organized South l\frican Siudents' Organization (SASO) which frightened the life out of S-outtr Aftican

and other forms of protest rhere and at other Black learning. In Mr Tiro was expelled from a teachingpo$t at a.Soweto high,school for,the same fgasqn. He theiiHqod up-to be counted and became a leading figure in the militant

Mr Abraham Tiro, lie ,"."#d u,oo*l post the on r February ry74 at the St Jd;h,s $rough Catholic Mission ut fnuii:""ur' CuU""o#,m $o*sn Botswana. It exploded as he opened it, and he was.kigd instantly. The_ Botswana govemment isp.tred u, rtnternB* e6pressiqg its horror at the brutal rnurder anA pointeOlv adding that Ml Tiro had .incurred the deep dispieasure of ' certain powerful circles in South Africa'. l Tlir.ryT t1u9,In ry72 Mt Tiro had been expelled from ^ South Africa's Black.Univemity of the North, for agitating on _cqnpus against apartheid. This caused mass walk.outl
One victim was

pn

s;"d6

Mr Tiro fled from,south Africa in September r973,;iugt in time to avoid a warrant issued for his arrest. s,ittf{ni-i" Botswana, he started tralung Blacks who would return to ";*nfiry Africa for underground activities., fsgtti -S.gptl why they killed him.

l$6+.'r"rryss6b gbss
.,,, Tho,?F8{Fisd

-:

e old=percel which:trfu[ been postedin &neva']lot ths ,:Srr*atiqrel-University--E:rchange Fund (IUEf). This :ntpprp111gr1v6s carefullyseiled round the piirtel bomb sent ito'Mr Tiio Mr Tiro s/s,not suspiciorre when he reccived ' the parcel. Seeing from the stamp imprint and the label that .fttarle f"rom the IUEF, a body he knew to tt will disposed rtowsde dre struggle for Black fuedom in Sonr*r Africa, he opened it. Tlhat act of faith killed him. -Eleven days later, on rz Febnrary r9?4, another Black , iknown as John Dube recei+pd'e ddred at his office in Lusaka, Zalnr:dciia. He di&l; irrstantly when the parctl exptoded es he op(rnd;'la Slis natne ws not really John Dube, He was lBoy' Mve'nrve, the son of Mr Douglits ,Mvgrrvgn:one of the men acquitted in the \Winnie Mandela ',ffij'Boy Mvernve had formerly lived in tohanrresburg's .rBlack,township of Alenandra. Fle was one of the founder rfiimbcrs of tie ANC's 'Spear of the Nation' sabotage "group and fled frorn South Africa when he realized that the 'Sirurity edice knew about him planting bombe outside firc
H. J. van den Bergh ould not rcsist cracking aioke about Boy trUvrn$e being blovm up in Zambia. 'I think it is ':gtietie iustice that we got this mad post-office bomber with sent through the mail from his local post office.' brnb { From that remark I realiZed the bomb had been posted in .Lusaka;hnbia, and not from overseas, as press reports clairned. The Z-Squad is widely travelled. Several other Blacks died opening parcel bombs, inctu& ingthe fotmer president of Frelirno, Dr Edtrardo Mondluri, in Tanzania in r9@, and Matt Chitenda, at Frelimo's office in Lusaka, Zambia, in r97r. HJ alleged that Mondlane had ;beerr assassinated by the Pornrguese PIDE. :', . In its spare- time South Africab' Z-Squad also terrorized ,t$o{vn opponnts of apanheid inside South Africa. Many :of-trheqesneak attacks were blamed on 'Scorpio?, asecret and extrerne right-wing group in South Africa - sctret to
:

hsd',Hltthe-biffi -tu ilF Ttro;.S.B{SS the wrappingfrom agdog*ing in Swioerland hrld td<en

them. Like me fty probably rcalized that rome of the petty attacks wcre made by enthusiastic Security Police operatives who like to do a bit.of work when off.duly" Sine tlie early r96os there have been r,6oo recordd incidenu of rtght-wing intimidation and violence to pcop&

tYr - 56t thegrhlic bgause &c pote try eeir ha{dest n* to.catch
AN 8Y8,ru.AN

The worst case I have knowledge'of was that,of Dr Richard Turner, a lecturer in political science at the Univetsity of Natal He was an outspokerr critic of apartheid

andproperty

:,

,,::,

lohannesburg post offices.

and made this very clear when he lectured to his srudenb; That's 'disserninating Commurism', said Pretoria, md b February 1973 they banned and restricted him. In November ry76 Dr Turner was awarded a }luncboldt Fellowship, one of the wodd's leading acadeinic awmds, made solely for post-doctoral study. I$(rhen he cpplied for permission from Pretoria to travel to Germany to take up the fellowship, tre was refused. Thirteen months larer Dr Turner.made a telephq[e cdl from his home and asked a relative to give him the pakponts for his rwo ctrildren as he intended sending them awayf,ora holiday. I know for a fact that this call was bugged by the Security Police and'someone in security wrongly deduce.d that Dr Turner intended fleeing from South Africa.'Hewas subjected to massive harassment and then, seven days later, on 8 January 1978, Dr Turner was shot dead in his home by an unknown sniper. I investigated this case, and two rrcry important aspects struck me. Six neighbours said they had heard the shotthrt killed Dr Turner. Yet not one of them was interviewed by the police. Not one of them. fn fact, the police did not even bother to interview any of Dt Turner's Sforse still, the Solice did not bother to call out its superb, trackf, dogs in an attempt to follow the trail left,by the. oddities may not h strong evidence in a court of lawirftr*li: they told nre one thing. The polie cleally did uoqqd&-fo ., l catch ttre killer. It really is incrediUle"
assassin,

which is normal polie procedure. Theso tglgir

EIfSID'E :3.'O$S i:.r',r

: On r I May.,rg73; the:?*-Squad.blew up the printing press oJ rhe @Varnbo-Kavafto Lutherari Church- at Onipa,in $lrth t$et Africa (Namtbia). The press printed the newepary.Qnuukwetu, which was fiercely critical of the South A&ican goverirment. f rheard that this attack was made because a group of Lutheran Church leaders had met Prernier John Vorster about one week-earlier and during their discusoions with him, had beerr cheeky enough ti criticize the 'abominable system of apartheid;, ; ln ry76 two of the Z-Squad liillers were seriously iniured while making some kind of midnight atrack. k walr then that H. J. van den Bergh decided:to recruit new rnen. He o:dered an exhaustive check on members of the Reconnaissance Commando unit formed by Army chief Magnus Malan the previous Year. Psychological and other tests were camied out on all the members of this tough unit, and these $ea*y showed which were 'born killers, who would not suffer remorse about killing civilians. The two best recrults yery thgn secretly drafted into 'part-time, work - in the Z-Squad. , Black men are still dying mysteriously in various parts of Southern Africa. They are all famous opponents of ttre Pretoria regime. On e9 April r98o Mr Matheus Elago died in South West A,f,rica when a bomb orploded under his car. 'rOn 14 Marctr r98o Mr David Sheehama was murdered in his South West Africa home in front of his children. His wife was shot three times but survived. Their-house was also burnt down. Two days eadier, on rz March, another local narned Mr Eliakim Shimi parked his. car in a differedt place, for the firot time, when he arrived home after dark. Early the next morning children found a cunningly hidden landrnine buried in the sand oractly at the spot'where he normally parked hiS car. Demolition experts- carefully dug out the landmine and found some very familiar markings on it. Thele was absolutely no doubt about it. The tanamine belonged to the South African Defence Force.
\

"p;"s*-i; p.T-@, L;hapter 20, vette tj;-.&nd "" saj,s: r.rfhdU shalt,ttroi. kill.,

only one anos,er 1qthEseli&ikarcrs iryho belierrc . Thoeis billical saylng .an eye,for q" .$d;j Ir $

. , " .""'L'

..
: .;,'-

,1.,*;:
.:.-,j
:

.. -i.,:.ii r.i':',r'ir r:'

'

42

st[$ AND #tscfs

,'Tq the south-east ofPretoria there is a large farm knourn as Rietvbi. Access is along a small dusty track well of the

illegally.'They arc proiniseii h Srorooo'bonus *hn tiey eventually return to South Africs" They are atso assured that if they iome to any harrn while spying overseas their parents or relatives will be well,looked after., . r.. ,' I , Some of those Black spies did extremely rvell. The fedrti persecution they zuffered wtrile in South Africa led thern to
,

,rnain road.

BOSS eomplex where top BOSS operatives live !{-ore .beigg posted to other areas or qfter they have returnedfrgrn ,long gtints overseas and have not had time to settle into a new.hsme. The fa{m hsp anoths'use - trai{ing Black agents whose main target io to infi ltrate the ranks of Black liberation movemstrE iE otht ountries. It began in 1963, and the man wfro $Et $tafted the taining thera was Colonel Att Spngler' CUas Ur, Canrpbell. Later, his iob ryas taken over by a nan
i

It

looks innocent enough, but

it is a secret

for guerrilla training in diftrentparts of Africa, AIguiA; Rucsia, ehiha'and-even,Cuba, Eventually some of them leturrred to South Africa in secret along With groups of genuine guerrillas with the aim of committipg acts o'f sabotage itrside' the country,or sdtting up activist groupq
underground. But, being spies, they betrayed all their.cofri: rades, who were artested by the Souttr- African seeruity

be accepted by various liberation groups, and they were sent

pervices. :

'

espad Anderson, .,.,. To,rule out possible betrayal by fellow agents, -the Black rqp,ics are trained individually. This idea was pinched frorr Bri1iqh intelligence's tried and trusted 'monastic cell' fletbod, The Blacks are catefirlly chosen and then put Vhen BOSS is 'lhrsgh sonlg vefy ingenious loyalty tests. so that they theory taught Cotrununist the af,e me,n Si$sd, en pose as leftists. After training they are let loose and told to irrfiltrate liberal circles inside South Africa so 1lr"t,t"I cag gain use{rl contacts as well as orperience in the field. To give them$elievable cover some of thenr are harassgd, deta,ined 4nd sometimes iailed for short periods on Pags ,L,aw or ottrer niaor ofengeqn Once in icil they are sline-94
in*g the same section, often the same prison cell, as Blacks known ts be politically active and well connected. This gives ,thcrn more experience and those all-important contacts outside the iail.

Vhen BOSS is satisfied that the agents have erected a :gq,od relatioqship in anti-government circles, they are told ,to,flee from South A&ica qnder their own steam and

Villiamson, the BOSS agent who infiItrated the Int* natioqal University Exchqnge Fund (I UE F)i a liboral$j& ; ; based in $wiserldnii iryhich, bpbraresi, htrmanitai'iatl,,gd bifier pmiects for deserving Blskb iri Sou& Afric&. Agtat ll(/illiamson 'did so'well'that he rosd;torbe the dgmy director, in iriitiral control of the IUEF's anti.aparthOid contacts in South Africar.W'hen he,was elrposed ndd,ffod back to Pretoria in lbnuary rg8o he,was hailed by,ttte .r:rr*,. goverrimcnt press as {Our llerot. , : It's'not like that when a Black spy retrms to ']Sorth Africa;' Never in the'history of,that country .has,a, Ble* I agent been given public recognition or aeolsde$u,.iftb reason is simple. Pretoria carurbt admit that Blacks are as cleve& orras brave, ds Whites. k iust wotrld not fit tn sith the \tr(Ihite Sufremacy lrnage. ' u7hen Blacks return they.usually end up standing in the witness box as $tEte,witndsses giving evidence against the, : comrades they betrayed. Their story is always the,lqam*r 'I was a genuine runaway flrorn apartheid because f tha{lfu" it was a bad system. Iffhen I got 'o'verseas I fell,irttoitlte elutches:of r$(/hite Commtrnists who taught'me to:be a
,,

Wheri Slhite silies return to:Sornh A,&ica after worting overseai they get the red-Caipet uiebuaent. Lil Mr Craig

tir ;,.
:iti;r..t.

f*1'l:

l:'L',
,i.{l

i;' i;i
;1i1.,

r.

,teriori*; tr ercqtdagy rea$sod fu thct urcrc wrong and' thi*t 'Hs6k*'wrro treated beM in South Af,rft:a:thaa in nrcbt ct$6eas curntrie. That is why I acr giving evideoe against my friends toda5r: They are emmunist dupes but . . ', bdil don't nealize it.' This 'I became diseoc-trmtcd with C,ommunisn' tactic b'always good propaganda for the South African governupt! and,helps to cem,nt'the vote of tho,se Vhites who like arld'need sonstant reassuran@ that dreir privileged way of rliferieroot likely to be taken away by those revoltiug Black* ud,T alotucionaty Reds. ,.,,The African National Congpcarsooo:becime aware of ttiis ploy and erected security'meCIuirs to stop Black'spies infiltrating their ftnhs; lflherc'secudtlt mea$res in ttun became,knoqrn to BOSS. A renrming Black spy who hed berq molly shunnbd in London and failed utterly as'an ifrbmetion gathser told BO S S that all politicatly lnvolved pcopb ffeeing from Sornh Africa, porti$larly Blacks, wene Utirgneoity vetted on tbeir arrival in London by MrAbdul Minqy of t*re Bdtish Anti-Apar'theid Movement ' .tr.ti Minty, hirrself a South African exile, appareotlydid his vctting work well. Pretoria told me hehad sueceeded kt rooting,out ceveral 61'sur 'sgats; BOSS retaliated by rrr*fug its'Bla{k agnts rmdergo intcnsive Abdul Minty. r*re qie$tion-an&answq interrogation sessioos-before they 'rstre,sent, overseas. But Abdul Minty and the African $htionat Congress men in'Lsndom still managed to'f,oot' tbem otrt and bounce them back. It's like a never-ending ping pong game. -; In ea.rly 1973'BOSS told me that British l-abour MF Jarnee,'spycateher' Wellbeloved had built up a dmsier oa F$e{oria's Black epies in England. I *',as assigned to interviarrrlVellbetoved to see if I cauld wheedle some of the trames out of hirn. No go. I tried hard' but Wellbeloved dearty had wperience as an intelligence officer. There was m dciubt in my mind wtratsoever on that score; he was well eEcred to deoeption. All he gave me was a story I had ts print u,trerwise f would have given,theg$ne sway es tothe
r

:i'5i|$'',

tffglpg

[i6Es.,'':.'

"

gtrT$i,AtripD F,T.ECES

.' gVr ,.
,

real reason for approaching him, It was a good story, but BOSS,didn't like it one litakl',biq It was headtrined .SA Blacks Spying In United Kingdom' (says I-abour MP).t Yes, he's very cute, is spycatcher Wellbeloved
:j....

Intelligence work can be very dariranding for the desk rnen, at BO S S headquarters in Pretoria. There, every year, they assign one of the top men in each seetion to write a book on some aspect of their particular sphere. These ard referetce: books strictly for use inside BdSS headquarters and are not supposed to leave the building. But over the years -quite I managed to slip one out now and again until I had { collection. One of the books was wdtten by BOS,S operative,ffir 'It is an in-depth and concise breakdown of the Mostert. 'African Resistance Movement' (ARM), a group of WhiE, intellectuals and students who mounted .no-lssg-of-1if,f.1 ,., sabotage attacks against electricity pylons and government. installations n ry62 as a protest against apaftheid, Enritttrttr ARM the book traces the formation of the gloupr'itemizoe. every bombing it commimed, and lists *t ttri k6\,nn minrr bers and their codenames. Certain top-sectet detailsiaad, documents mentioned in this and a sister book show irhat

Pretoria received high-grade information from British intelligence about ARM leaders such as John Lang arid Monty Berman, who later fled to Britain, as did Randolphr
a

Vigne and

a forrrer British anny man and an explosives expert.

fied that the ARM was fo_rmedi funded and propagandized in South Africa by the CIA. Another BOSS book in my possession is the Nesu African, an astonishlng 33o-page breakdown of every

mysterious character known

as

Robert Watson;

. .

BOSS commissioned this book because it was quite s*is-

famous liberal iournal The New African during alt the yeA$ was-published. This is the sister book to the one abdd' the African Resistsnce,Movernent and contains ft:Fr"$e#gt t Johannesbutg Swrdal.E14z:cst; 14 January 1973; , ;':''

writer, politician or poet who contributed work to the

it

':{;:r

: ',!i.!p:-* f|E*ff[,FS,Oe"" i,:'. . ,*et"its epr1r,:httrs inffiptoe,ibg .*iro,,South -Aeican Secnrity Polke.The Naw Afrhmbook was writtsr by Pi* '6@r1'8.nnnepoel, thgtad of BOS Sts tui/hite Suipects setion. It took him two ]tsrrs to cmpile and one year to write. It gives a concise and ctoss-indexed biography of ogeh,eontributor to TIU N*t Af.r;cnt, with the subiect he gfote qbout and the date it was published.
; ,. rljnked in with this book is yet another B O S S-produced genufllo, of which I also have a copy. It runs to r55 pagps ,qd- cofrtains narne$ and brief biographies of everyone.whg

t_

sntributed work to three other liberatr iournals, Afikn $qtth, Traniticn and lfrica.south In,&itile. BOSS's spy mania is such that the names of all the

soy.of the@ visir South Africa- To BOSS th"l'"ne utt spies, dreaded Reds or loathsome tiberals, who ;rtrust be monitored- Some people may think all this sounds ,n$rer siily and s waste of drne. Not so. It is quite surprising

thousands of people meotionad in those books are religiously errtered itrto &e SOSS computerl to be called up in case

b&w.much irrcidental information BOSS eleans - and'how rnqny vi$itors to South Africa get nobbled in one way tr
anothef,.

Even more mind.boggling is anoths BOSS book in my pqSso6io+ It is entitled CIA Front Men,.Front Organiz* A4&l *td Conduhs,It contains, in alphabetical order and Biqutely cross-indexed every menrion made in the Nea, Yarh Tines of tlie American CIA; Thb really is a labour of
tov.e1

For rnsil enftring and lewing the.comtry BOSS has fts 9rw postat sorffirg ser-up tfued at loilrilnaeetinrge:fi Smuta airport Ttris establifuent iS totatty uot<nory[toihe South African public; not onc word aUoui it has eier been prrbtlehed. BOSS calls it the ,watehing p*t', or,Wf O, short. There are also watchingpocts in dfii fowa, Durbu6 and Port Elizabeth which monitormail arriving UV sta. fffe overall name for countrywide m*il intercepd; ir,l .Opuqa: tionrButtonhole'" The BOSS,men vrho work in the watctring poet have hand-picked postal sortets to help them. Th&'Uu*r ai promises given in parliament by the Nationalist eb"e"r;''* that only letters likely to,contain materfal .ahectins,.flic security of the State' are intercepted. The watching-pgst scrutinizes a vast range of mail every day including-forternational mail to and from such nearjby Black slates as Lesotho and Swaziland. The sorrers are so skilled ttrgtthw,, can recognize a copy of playby magazine from its *ehi* aloae - even if it is digguised in athick w"apper. (prafltt* . banned in South Africa.) In many casej itrey d &irfr . recognize the handwriting of wefl-known potiticar enffi o-\rerseas. Perhaps this is one reason why the South:AfrtiSi Communist Party and the African National Consress

.BrT8.A;nD;ptsUt8,5F!,

spy'

gr hard lahur. Starting from r967'it is a valuable 'at-a-glance' reference book for any political obsetrver - or
:

. In the watching post they have boards on the wallii beartng long sheets containing the names and addftbK:,. connected with well=known suspects in South efrica end
envelopes^certain people use, the postat frairki"g b-y large_firms, and the addresseJ of most tibe;l"oa.S

instnrct all their members to type when addressing envelipes -: sent to South Africa

The cost of compiling all these BOSS,books, ia,manho$rs ehne, would be astronomical for any private researcheror publisher ovi:rseas, btrt the cost to BOSS is nil; the South A&ican taxpayer foots the bill
,gOSS is equally cfficient in its monitoring of letters. Intersp-{iqg those posted inside the o,ormtry is easyn because neorly all top iobs in &e post oftce are held by Afrikaners.

almost daily. But the sorters know many of "*the rea[v important ones off by.heart. They also know the WD;;"f vouth or student

oyersqas.- They_are

in alphabetieal orderarid

ad;Gdl;

ur"a

have several photocopies of letters which were inftii Fptgd by BOSS, some of thern sent by famous pFOdHA fir-mb. The most arnezing photocopy in my files is tr;G;

l*:li;rt*S$:,f*"
I

"rldrira: *ou.*.'its ffi-

',

.SF*'

;',

;r$$tb&,rBog$'ri

r'

l'

golmg'' 8or*&r, 4fii'ie6n, tlo, ghg:,Aiab Fafenine ,Rrwiffirce in ;Damascu$;r8yris.' That young rrnarr'wtote , **$-ing he:wanted to ioinrthttrrr be trained by them dveffieas riod then reftrrn'to Soudr Africa under a false narne asia 'frindorn fighter. I also have a copy of the reply he received ,.,&stn, the, Arab Palestine Resistarice,'bearing their official .lmed-ofre rubber stamp. I shudder to think what hap,.pened,to him.
,

dent,

r,i8,:

,,,]an, Smuts airport, T,trey are iokingly called ttre 'key ,brigadd and their job is secretly to sedrch the luggage of ,fuurnalists, foreign politiciansr brteinessrnen and other , !.IPs visiting South Afria&, $hat they are after are the suitcases which have boerr, daced in the baggage holds of planes.,fhy haW q 'vast: aseorutrent of keys, carefully nqrnberd and listed rmder the various makes of suitcilses, gftiq&makes the,quick opening of all locks a simple affair. :ff'hey"rmainllt look for private notes, notebooks, didribs, of @cial documents. It maf,es no difference whether you are hft-wing or right. If you are a VIP with publicity potential .pur mdrcasegets seatched. Fretoria has been stabbed in the

i BOqS has another efficient set-up at

Johannesburg's

Hargreavec. In this instance serreral photocopiee wefe hads of, docurnents in their, suitcases. Anottrer member of tlre delegation, Mr Dan McGarven got through without hb zuitcase being monitored because, for sorne reason,'ho arrived on a later plane. To a great srtent this was a slip.pgr part. I had.signalled to BOSS an adrrance m*isq# 9n my_ &.om Lgldqn staJing that Mr McGarvey would be on ds plane with the others. ' , .. L,

threosfrcials of the Brltigh Boilerrnakersr,lUnion, Mr John pqrnet, Mr Janles Murrary and. Mr Ctrarlee Riversr, had their zuitcases secretly openodr,One -of thc officialo (I rynot rsrenrbeJ which) spotted a Security Uo1i* rtaiP drrring'their stay in South Africa, In October 1973 8O$:$ searched the suitcases of a British TUC ddegation led by Mr Jack Jones and Mr Vic Feather. Also with them wele Mr Cyril Plant of the Inland Revenue staffand a Mr J. A.

.,

back,,by,,so many'trusted' right-wingers, particularly reporters vlh6 carne claiming to be well disposed towards .theres$qtry brrt rerurned home to write slashing attacks on

spafiheid.
I

',

know of several prominent people from Britain whose

book he had borrowed from a public library in London; It was b.y ap au*ror who.was critical pf South Afriea EO'SS also,bugged Dr Ramsey's telephone and hotel room while he was in South Africa ,,1.Anotho man who had his suitcases secretly searched was Itlr William Brookes, a senior official of theguided weapons di,v-ision 6f the British Aircraft Corporation. He vislted South Africa in March 1973. ( \ Trade union men are piime targets. In Novernber tg72

suitcases were searched in this way. One was the then Archbi,shopof Canterbury, Dr A. M. Raqrsey, who visited South Afrieaio Novemb'er r97o. All they found irr his cases was a

offa plane at Johannesburgls fan Smuts airport in late lfray 1977, BOSS had received a lnessage from the Sowh African Embassy in London which said it had recei\red an anonyfircus telephone call ctaiming thtt Mi [Iawtrey ti*d$ opposed to apartheid and was earrying some irlrportant lettors to be delivered to an anti-apartnAA eampaigner h |ohannesburg. At first, BOSS suspected it miglit b.e'a clever publicity sgunt engineered in advance by Mr Hawtrpy. So, meading carefirlly, they arranged to have his suitcafo searched on arrival. at Jan Smuts. But there was a snarl-ppl . . ;i Mr Hawtrey's luggage was in the last batch to be tshen bi{t ofthe hold of the plane, and the immigration fficisls had already fer him through into the section where luggggB is collected. The BOSS men backstage just dida,t tdG dfile j to searctr his cases, so they flashed a message to the front of, house saying Mr Havrtrey's luggage had, by an unfornrn*tE-. accident, been left behind during a stopover it paris;, r rr; I : By no coincidence at all I was the only ioumalisr af,thG" arrivals gate when Mr Hawtrey wallted through. He mqfl.t; a comedian, but he didrr't ttrink the loss of his lugguge-was
l

ftnnien slip-up occurred when Britistr comedian Charles Hawtrey, the veteran of the Carry Anfihs, st@lhd

:...:
fgq.rxsr.Dr B{!$s/:
,:

BIts afib prscns, 5Tl

,- BOSS is equa$y efficient when itr*n *,to sronitoring exffioel_ .radio prqgrainmes, DVelr aay of the week, iount the clock, a team of at least tdri0e1t and wornen sit et t5&ewriters with large headphones plugged in to pmgraiurree .beamed out by radio statisns in Angola, Zarrble., Tanzaaiat Radio Moscow and even the BBC, the Voice of Arner.ica and Deutsche Velle. Every word that is uttered is lyped out and passed on to evaluators, who carenltv list the names of all people speaking against South Africa. It's a gigantic e:rercise which probably pays off every now and again, but the men and women who have to listen to all thooe pro-

att funey,.,Beihg ao:old.{ioupcq'tlmlrglir bc posed forny r merai aaying he would ng.ma&c a carry-on about the fact &9q be-had no luggage to,earry.* Ahdugh BOSS for:nd nnfihing in Mr Hawtrey's nritcases the,y still playd it sefe

gd. b*gged evpry call bs made from Suite 5o4 at the

$t*tcrrnan in
rrr,The
Johannesb.

urg"..&rt hb was. clean.

isto$t surprisingr .lsuitcase surveillamce' iob was rrisC out on Mr Mark C,ailisle, Britainls preserrt Educatim Smetry. He visited South Africa vuy quietly" widtsuc publicitjr" in early 1978, and I was astonished to heas : &m a panin BOSS that his luggagc hadbeeo mmitoted. Ile"'is one of South Africa's gtedcst admirers.who has rnperb top-level contacte in $ptr6iurtry.'f knew he had been accordcd the rcd-c9[pt'treaemsnt during his stay'. srd I could oot wck orlt why the ke,y brigade had rummsgd
somact eo<plained: nY.es, he's a friend all t{gbt, but you never knqqr with these Limey politicians. The,y:eat from your plate ooe minrte and bite your hand
,r,:Another man whoeb cases qrere secretly searched waa BritisbiournalistAdasr Raphael wbo fferr to Eurban..The BOSS, men ,found a thik "notebook mntaining highly dotsild facts,,asd figgres' mostly.frgures, about tlle wagFs' qf':Sreh. mineworkers and eugar-cane cutters. The ky brigade,diO Dot have time to take photocopies rof the noter bsoki co they iust pinched it. I've often wondered how lvtr 'Raphffif explaind the loss.of all thatworkto his editor b'ack in l-ondd't" BOSS also has airline steward.s and hostsses:working: for ttrern, eitlnr as couriers or as spies. It is quite how, looee people's toryu! are after they have- passed Mhrgh custom . The lspies in ths slry', who nostly work -fou Surth Afriean Airwayq,eavesdrop. And what thcy hear ig not alwalrs pqlitieal; it may concern smugglingor'orrrency ornsisr; If,it's a criniaal matter BOSS passes it:on to the throtrgh his soc&s and shfuts.

,, flBOSS
.,

BOSS transcripts and they show thm the peoplets*tt, scribing the programmes are not too well endowed when it comes.to brain cells. Every page is signed by the transcriber's initials. One with the signature'GlO'.shows tbat
he (or she) does not read English-language newspapers ar all: he spells Jim Callaghan as 'Callergan'and Canada's Pienae

grarnmes are clearly bored to tears. I have hundrede ofthese

&i.nexe',

Trudeau as 'Trewdow? and even 'Treddown. There:tf,,t* spelling mistake on just about every page, no matter who the transcriber is. But one thing is cleer: they are all Whitpi because they misspell most Black names, even. wotld'
famous ones. tMoscow' and'Communist' thery,neverrget

wrong. They get bored quickly too. On every other page the words 'indistinct' or 'inaudible' appear. Operatot 'AJK' is smarter than the fest. When he wants to go for:q transcribable level due to interference. Listemng discontinued.' With that gift of the gab he's probably the top

cup of tea he types: 'Reception detefiorates to beloru

man in his section.

do not know how many agents work for BOSS. But in t97z I saw a report submitted by a Black spy whose code number wasX35o. That .means BOSS had at least 35o" firll-time Blacks on its books at that time. This is not counting the hundreds of Blacks throughout the counuy
who are freelance informers, paid onty for what they srrb&di' The prefix X to the iode nr:nrber enaUtes the deskiilen at

* :W.,&isno

r"ylT.

'6''Mtsy

g#:'r*lN$*lf toss r!'; :i *OS$ treqdqrstq$, in F*stp&

'

''

to pdl st q,glsnec,the ,skin who baa;,gubmitted :the repott in front botqrlr'-of-'Sh,ggBtrt .'fnat-can r.nakg* hig ei-ftnnqe to an Afrilcrrg w,kn:hE needs to assesq.t$F:lcalibre' of the teport and tle F@,who put it through',,, r,'.' Sone Slhite women who spy for BOSS have the piefix tb'toitheir code number.:I know that the number of White

AII

these itcsrs csnained

dwerty

oncealed-- bugging
.

og,

.*

fernale.fulhtimers

' ,p{itorin ctrief, and eight workd.oq ssws de*s in

sgpacity or

ofl,these were parfiamentary coffespondents, o-ne-.was stl

r97r,rryas at lEast 3oo. . In 1976 H. J. van den Bergh told me that BOSS had thi$y-seveil South African iournalists on its paymll' Thres

in

another.

, ', '' ,

one

' :

thaf &O$S does not operate inside the country, only out' tl*e,As'borae"s, and that internal investigations are left to &e,security Police. Many people believe it, but they are beinemisld. BO S S has staffmen all over *re Republic. In ttrey share offices with the Security Police and *tql "r.rtas members of that branch. But usually BOSS eryen pose also'has a top-secret office, sudt as the one based on the top floor of the Department of Health building at the corner

Some South African iournalists have written stories stating

telephones.*

mismnceptionsl abbut BOSS, Mr Vorster said 'Thl Bureau for StateSecurity has never had anything to do with telephone tapping.r Mr Vorster had hb wires crossed somts wherg because, iust four months eadie4 General H.I. rmn den Bergh, the head of B O S S, acknowledged in the Apped Court that the Bureau dnd indulge in the practice of tappf,ry

of taking head-and-shoulder photographs at a distance. My controller lack Kemp, who, ws then in ctrqgq of'{ts BOSS office, told me with pride that all these bugs were reacly for immediate installatioa anywhere in tlte ,C"p" Province. These devices are paft of an operation knorpn as 'Wheelchair' because some, such,as large window frames or 'out-ofiorder' ventilation systems, have to be wheeldd ' .r; into prgrnises ebout to be bugged. , ., ,' ' '. This mates a mod<ery of a speech Premier fohn Vuster made in parliament on zr April r97r. To rsff)v 'certein
,

dwices or transmitters. One pafr of:Iiinocutrns rt'as.fitted wittr a tfansminer. Another @ was atso i camcra,capgUn

,:

ofDe Villiers Street and.Rissik Street in Johannesburg. ,,,,'Ili tg75 I visited the BOS$ offices in Cape Town. They are on the eighteen*r floor of the Metlife Building in Roeland StreeC The entrance is protected by a large iron srile and an electronic lqck. Inside I was shown round the ioio* offices and 'workrooms'. One room was fuIl of
various kinds of light fittings, bulbs, w-all plugs' sockets and one of those electric fireplace decoration units with cheerily glowine but frlse pta*ic logs, Anotherworkroom contained dh trays, books, packets of cigarettes' table gas lighters,

At the B O S S offices in Cape Town was a small roomrm.i$ rylls and ceiling heavily padded in thick white panelling. There were hundre& of tiny holes drilled in every pa1reL,:! had seen another room oractly the same on ttre fust floor of Cape Town's Caledon Square police station. In fact, srost Security Police offices at main cnres in SouthAfrica have ,' rooms like these. They are sound-proof: or, I shotrld eay, screan-proof. . * GaF Tima, zr Deceraber r97a
,

: ,' ";,,.,

,-

bddcasee, 3$rrrn camefasr binoculars, motor car 'lash-

boards, headlights, car radioc, portable radios, doorknobs' picturclframee, large metal windo'n' frames, urnbrellas' htchen buckets, disnolnsctedl telephones of various tSpes od ootstrq and even )eeutogly ordinary house bricks.

' 'l"' il :;"iiar

TORTPS,E

IN

SOUTII AFRICA

I 58I

. TO.RTURE '.i. "43' ,./ t,'-, | .'..

''@{i.wtlrfstrgrnfu,u$Lrtr
nTfta

IN SOUTH AFRIO{
$fi.rrfidJrti

o!

'

weak linoe one weapon; the enors tlnse wlp think th4t are strong.'

Georges.Bidault

The busiest interrogation room in South Africaris Ro6m ro26 on the tenth floor of Johannesburg's central police station, 'John Vorster Sgrlatel. I know the building well: The top two floors contain a honeycomb of small offices housing the Security Police and several cells where highrisk political prisoners are kept. Unknown to ttre South African public, BOSS officials are also based on the tenth floor. If necessary they pose as Security Police officers. Securiry measures for these offices ar tight. Entrance qan be gained only through a lift which goes down to a basement gange at the rear of John Vorster Square. This enables BO S S operatives to slip in and out unseeR. As you step aJut of the lift into a corridor on tile top floor you come face to face with an official in plain clothes who sits in a tiny iinm directly opposite the lift door. His desk is situated sb ttrat he is staring at you through the doorway. A retired prdticernar, he is big and hefty and not too bright. He's only d glorified doorman, but he knows what to do if yriu have entered the lift illegally. He packs a revolver under his coat. nVho are you? What does you want? Has you got an appointrnent?' he will ask in a gutnrral Afrikaans acceirt. \ffhen he has written all these details down laboriously in a
tqrgebook he telephones a Security Police officer, who walks in, and will later sign you out. If all that sbunds sinister, imagine you are a Black being taken there for questioning. Matthew Mabelane, the twenty-, trro-year-old son of a respected Black clergyman in Soweto, $nalfted through that door in early February ry77.Buthe did

Port Elizabeth headquarters of the Security police ar SsnIam Buildings on 15 Deaember 1976 when he allegedhc lppJ d9*." a stairwell next to a lift. IIe died instantly ioh"n his bqdy landed head-first it the basement area six.,florhd3rl" below. Inquest findipg: 'Open vetrdict, but not assardrsd bv the police'. The political attirudes o-f the presiaingrmagis--

whilg under Security Police detention. At the inquggt, the Security Chief for KimberleR Colonel J. D. du ple$sis, said Mr Mabija's sister had lied when telling the court thai as her brother was taken into custody, one of the Whito. .Say good-bye to youi: lecurity Police offi.cers had said family, Mabija, you won't be seeing thern again.t lueitem verdict: 'Suicide by jumping' Another detainee who fell was Mr George Botha,. a Coloured biology teacher aged thirty-wo. He was in the

questioned by a night $hift of interrogators at the time of .his death, which was e a.m. Inquest verdict: 'Accidental death or suieide,There is nothing new about political detainees falline orl of windows. The first case f have knowledge of **- m, ,Su.liman Salojee, who died on 9 SeptembJr le6+ *hik being interrogated at The Grays, the old Security pollce headquarters in Johannesburg. Inquest finding: .Op"t, vrrdict, but the police were not.to blame'. - , .r;.rr'.:i Another man who fell while in custody was Mr fnafr. mile Mabija, aged twenty-.seven. The warden of a chrngh id SrTbgrl"V, h9 g-lyn-Se{ to hisdeath on 7 July 1977 {i.orn,tlrB sixth floor of Kimberley's Transvaal Road poiie stetiiDu

April 1974.,He w.as being

: escape', ,falling out of a window' at _ ioq** Black who died John Votster Square was Mr Z. !. Mazeka, who died iir

and a sergeant. He had tried to escape, had run alons "ffiCrs a ldse outside the window, 'lost his balance' and falten to lill death. Inquest verdict: .Died accidentally while tryingto
!l
1,'l:il ;::J,l

iqorr on the tenttr floor. The security officials saiU hl,nad leap-t out while being iquestioned, by two warant

n91 walk out again. A few days.tater, on 15 February, hc aUecdly iurtrped thiough the window of ttie infienogiafuoh

',i{ :'ir,i

, r iil:r

t:';at;.t. !:: lii

,

g;

,:L;.

r
ji i !;tr:i i .'.'ii lifr

ToRTURE
,

rN sourfi

trnrce.

583

ld:&oar,,drs,&i*,ifis a tothebeafin$ sub&iEid rptrt S.* go'wr* Docslngoffiqm haM pchqlogist discl*sd"tbt. thtfe ffie at lleast Sur sdiors birrtis on the- d&d rnant shoulder' ctrest' upper , gt1qrdarmpit - not c{srcd bythc fall brnquite definitdy

dite',*l**;,iaqucsrtt*rr!q:

eftr fallingrdown"a dighfi of sairs resr hh etl The in+rect wa*,told'thgt there werd,twerqy-Bir( bruiscs on hirbody, a blood oweUing o,n his back md a fractured rib. Inquest

lnfficted before his death. .S*to*ry"no Mr Botlta died, two other prisoners fetl out of Security Folice windows in Port Elizabeth.- Both lived; tut little publicity was given to these case. Tbey were dimirlal prisoners, aot'political '. "Thdre is another recorded case of a Blac& deaioeeisr$o , fell,from a window white beine inttrrogsd by the 'Sectrity ,Folice in Port Elizabth. fnls mas oa ro lrlovesrb* r$7; Tout mystery zurmrrads tt$ cpe- When Progressive Party MP MrF IIch Sr'*nnnrsked tlrc Minister of Justicewhc

verdict: 'Death ft,om blood-do,ttbg partially caucea'. Uy f-t[ing do:rnstairs'. \[hen the ldam's widoq Mrs.G?li@f, Haron, instituted a daim for dmagc against the Mini
of Justice and Police for tlre ill-treatrnent or neglect of hrs husband while in police custody, sb,q was silenced with an out-of-corrt sEtdenrent of {z,5oo by the government , ,r
r

*b6b- nme ne would not disdose, 'trid to esi;ope by gBninA thlough a sixttr floor window but he was not
rYct'inottrcr Black who fell from the Security Polie II Q in Pori Elfuabth was l-ungile Tabalaza, 88d tlrnty. H fdl &orn a wiRdow five floors up on rr July rylS. N0betheq hc itmBed of;sas pushed is not known But his f".t ttd l* itriudes caused before his death whictr stroogly idicated that he had been suspended by his feet beforethe ,&ll.''Inguest verdict: rDied trJ'rng to $cape. No criminat :re;ligpnce on the part of the police'. . A, very hmos man who died in a ftll was ttre Imam AMuIla Ham.n, a promiaent religious leader in Cape Town's Moslem community. Aged forty-four' 'lhe knagr was.held,by Sectrrity Folie when it was disooversd that he HS tecn ABtriUning money to the wirrq and children of ''Etra{* politieal fisur$ who werc in iail. Vhat nas sinister about thet, from the Security Police point of view, was that Inail Haron iaa oUtainea the money futn C:ron John Gotlins:and his .Defenoe and Aid Frand in London. ThoIFnen wa$ intenognted for the best part of sevenq-six days fiir at"lest 6sveo hours a day; On a7- September hb diod
-.

Usdbgppeoed,

hegavithc ofrcial answr that$e aemitrce;

seriously injured'.

Another Black detainee who fell was Mr Nicodernw Kgoathe, who was held under the Terrorism Act in Novenrber rg68 and died three months later on 5 February r@l His Security Police interrogators told a magistrate 16st Afri Kgoathe had asked for a shower on a hot dsy, and while in the shower he had slipped on the soapyfloorand bangedhis head against the wall Cause of death: 'Kidney failue aad bronchial pneumonia following head iniuries sustained b e shower. No person to blame.' Thee weeks later, on z8 February 196g anoths Rh&' detainee died ia a police cell-block shower. He was'.Mf, Solouurn Modipane. IIe had slipped on a bar of soag gnGt hit his head.on the wall, explained the Security Polie. Magistratets finding: 'Death due to natural causes. No
iaquest

;.:;1,

necessary?.

Another Black who fell was

twenty-nine. He was thrown thrcugh the fourth-floor window of a police station in February rg77,blut survived to tell the tale.' Vhile recovering in'hospital with t-wa broken legs and spinal iniuries he smuggted but a lemer asd' $ent it to Mr David 'Dave' Sibeko, the chief spokesnrao for thePan-Africanist Congress inAmerica. A huge iovialman with a ctrest as big as a beer barrel, and a stomach'to match, Dave was also the PAC representative at the Unitcd.
were old frieods, dating back to 196o, whc4r, he had worked for,the Black newspaper Posr in Johanlbditi F r David 'Baby Elephant' ibeko, aged forty, was assasoimtid;fur
DavE and
gunnrcn oo

Mr

Johnson Nyathi,

agd

Natio,ns.*
I
r:

,,:,tt'

June 1979 wbil,e on e visit to Dar.cs Salaan, Thdzaoir.

.rij:.i:r

i...'ffi.,'ir.xsr'qgso'S$::'i,,;.l:,:l,,:;;
lrrit.l

,;
I was a
bry

,' '

. .l

To*TURE rN sorm-a aF,nlcA .

;t; :lr; riii,

BO$.S aBrEnt but still rmpined &iendly- because I always 'had'a soft spot for PAC snd o{ten wrote siories putting seir pont of view. When he received the letter smuggled out U,y Johnson Nyathi, Dave Sibeko posted a copy of it to
tne in Johannesburg, saying 'Please,.Gordy, see if you can urite an article agitating on this comrade's behalf.'

fomrg.:Xn,hter years he,hinnd the flrmours that

Not one word did

write.

ft

was impossible. The

dtaits afe that he was a member of the Pan-Africanist f,ongress and was implacably opposed"to the apaftheid rpgime. Along with several other PAC men he was detained
,ft1

allegations made by Johnson Nyathi were horrific. The basic

December

Vhen he refused to implicaG any of his fellow PAC

t976.

hip. Tlrey butted him rorrnd the room with a broomhandle Sdrictr- they also shoved into his anus. He still would nbt
1alk, so they stood him in a corner for long periods without alegp and hit him-every time he closed his eyes or leaned qgainst the wall. Then they held him our of a window four

mernbers, the Security Police kicked, punched andthrottled

, .'-rli Minister of Police, ttr"t,bs had "r"fruhg fewer than six different polioencen md that be, h4d beeui deliberately thrown out of the window, the Stare refirsed to . i.' a$ept his daim..They poiflred out that sudr a elsin hrd"tb" , ,,: be sutxnitted'wittrin six moaths oftheallqed assauh.Iptrss . 'l Mr Nyathi uied to point out that he had bcc hctd incommuniedo rmder the Terrorism Ast and the policc .,hcd, ' ,-,:l refused to put his claimthnough,the State lauyensln4gpd tbeir shwlders and Slaid 'Tlre lerll is the law.'
, ,

-..*l,f ' a^E:F, hb bed and eeid with a smile: .Hdb, Nyarhi, dd yog +ff lhinh you could fly without -wings, ba hai' No won-&r l',li_#li ' . .r. . r.,.;: tohnson Nyathi':lmtes Whitsrr' ,, . " My, case flE on Johnson Nyathi. ggts woffie %q1,fi6 ",.'i'li,lii tried.to mount a lqal actioar rfor:damages against,'&o ::'ii:i,:r

tEJ ,.t i:

d ir,ffi"uv"G '

when r gave

ffoors high saying they would drop him if he refused to talk. Whenhe said he would talk they pulledhim in and sar him down at a table with pen and paper. Srhen he handed the pen back and said he had changed his mind, they picked hi$r up,lswung him by legs and arms and through the open window. Almost before he hit the ground the Security Folice officers tan down the stairs shouting 'Grab ,that kaffir, he's trying to escape.' But Johnson Nyathi was in no state to run away. Both his legs were broken in the fall, and

his spine was also damaged. The place was Krugersdorp police starion,-and the date,
uqs 2 February ry77.He was rushed to hospital, where he speht eight months recovering. By law, a magistrate has to visit detainees irt regular intervals to ensure t[at they are in good health and have no complaints. The political atrirudes of tnost oJ those magistrates, whb are supposed to be uqbiasgd, can be judged ftom the fact that the White uragisuate who visited Johnsor Nyathi in hospital sat down
i:ii,;

claesic case of SecuriryPolice barbariqy-Detectives swooped ,l,ii on at least roo Blacks who were discovered to be mesrbeis '..i:i of or wdl disposed to; the PAC. Sixty of these agreed: tor,.r,111: givc. evidene for the, Sate at the trial; and.most of dN#:: 'l l gnve evidene in camera,'But I know of four PAC rnery'"..';r'

for i atterrpting to ecape?, this tnwls " .". that he will not walk out o'f jail until jnne r99o, politicat prisonersin Souttr Afriea get no remission wlratooetre6; ,.- rl . . The Beftal trial rreived very little ptrblicity inoverieai .':: . l newspaprs, but a book should be written about it. It is c
one year he is sqnnng

against Jotnson Nyathi for attempting to esca1re-flq astody by jumping through ttrat sindow- He appcareddfl,.,,, eourg \rr8s found $dky and iailed for one year. . Eraeo wotrse, Johnson Nydhi yas indicred along witr s6v&teen othef nnernbers of the PAC is a rnardlmigrl$, ,. whic*r becarne kaourn in South A&ica as the Bethal trial ad, nded in lune 1979 with oixteen.of tre accused beirqg found guilty and sentenced p ,11- terms ranging from five to .,,;,r fifteen years. fohnson Nyathi got ten years. Added to,th ',r'ri.
. l

Dave Sibeko; Pmoria really got tough. They laida chafge^

BosS; cop;;i"h*;

lryail't,s kmerro'

wlio nefusd to beuzy their wnradea . The first was Dr Naboth Ntshunrsha Hewas detaired.by the Seeurity P,olie on 14 Deccmbu ryr76, He was foudd

i;.{il
\; !'

i&i, ')ttIStSS S03$'l;

'dead

1'rr

fORTUeg lN $oUTg AFnICA'!8f,

in a pdlci cdl oh;gl anrmry x9??;iitrtquest verdict:' tsuiei&..by ttnngingt.'lfhis.death'ld ts a question in p*r{ignient and caused th Miuister of Foliceto &drnit tttst ,lti@ufiorized incisiond' had beeo made on Dr NtshuntSe's:-body at the mortq4ry..These 'incisions''- which
inade a complete post{noftem. examination impossible.were 'An incision from the ttroat right down to the groin' and.anottler ffrom ear to ear across the top of the skrrll'. Nobody was prosecuted for that interference with iustice.

o{r az Februqry tg07 afte.r being rushed,to hospital by Stnurity Police officers in Pietermriuburg, Natal, Inquest verdict: 'Heart or respiratoty failure'.

: Mr Samuel Malinga, aged forty-five, of Soweto, died

Mr Aaron Khoza, aged forty-five,;detained on'9 December r976r(withi,|ohnson Nyathi), was found hanging in a Pigtsmariulburg police cell on z3 March 1977, Inquest .rcrdisc 'Hanged himself. Nobody to blame'. But Mr ,Harfy'Pitrnan, a lawyer who appeared for Mr Khoza's' family, was most dissatisfied with the evidence given at that inqnmt. He stood up and stated that the evidence given by

"

Zeph Mchopeng; aged slnty-seven The fonner. presidertt of the,Transvaal Teachersl Association and a forrnderrmernber' oftlqP,anrAfrlcanist Congressi Ze,phis, without dotrbt, a dyed-in-the-wootr revolutionary. He is noYa Communist but, in the eyes of Pretoria, p*haiis worse. He made oo 'bones about hating apaxtheid to the point whererhe wodd blow up offices of the Banbr.Affairs Department, but! down the homes of suspected. Black spies, and, teach htrgr dreds, of Black youngsters to unite.against,,apartheid and crate a revolution. And to do this he had cet up frbnt orgtrnizations with respectable-sounding religtoug lrarnos such as the 'Young African Christian Movement',atd thd 'Young Afiican Religious Movement?; rtr first started writing about,Zeph Ivlothopeng twenty years ago. I only met hirn once but I know,all about the nrsn' He is the most toftrued man alive in South A$ica.today. The Security, Police tornrred him in 196o befbre he sq8 sentenced,to two year$ in iail, alqng with the Pan-Africagis( Congress leader Roben Sobulape, for publicly encorlrgdhg Blacks to burn their hated Pass Books. ln ry6q tlte seiu*iry

rli
:,:t
.

i;ii;

tlre.prison staff was contradictory and the whole investiga* tion had proved 'highly unsatisfactory'. He made anmtrer frontal,attack when he pointed to a police photograph taken rry 1tle- cell after Mr Khoza's body had been cut down but ber it had been removed. That photograph clearly ahswed that there was a glass window in the window franie incidt the bars. Yet the prison authorities daimed that Mr Khoaa had hanged himself, from those'bars,with a rope rnade out of his iacket and shoelaces. Vhen the inquest adiourned and trooped off to inspect this cell, the prison conunandant smilingly ushered thern in. There was no

men tortured'him a&in' and. he .was jailed

eighteen rnonths.

for anoltrg

g$siir

ttra windsw.

At that:time he brought an action foldamagea agin*Illr John Vorster, then the Minister of fustice, claiming that be hird been tortured by police officers using an electricslrcck machine. When this maclrine was brought to court by the police, which was an admission in itself, the State lawyer dernanded to be connected to it with the power tuflred on: tle stood there srniling. at the court as the machine purlsd gently. 'It wouldnlt hurt a fly,' he said. He was right;rit wouldn't. The Security Police had made sure of that by toning it down. Zeph Mothopeng was branded ae a liar and
he lost his action. V,hen detained in connection with the Bethal tiat,Zeph w,as again tornrred. He told the iudge, Mr Justice Cqrlewiq all about this torftF. So did twelve of the other accu$gd.ifl. the case, who all disclosed gruesome tales of vicicius rissaults

, Sipho Bonaventure Malaza, a schoolboy aged seventeen, ' who lived at Kagiso Black Township, near Krugersdorp'
'r July 1977. Hewas found deadina policc cell on lt Norrefn' bw tgTT.Inquest verdict; lblanged himself,'. .. r'Ttle':ormrber.oneaccused in:the Eethal uial was Mr

,was'detained on his way home.from a schoolmate's horne on

and totture.

Mr

Justice Curlewis did not believe tbiui.

r: j-,:.:.:.....1 r! ::,.:.'.,:.1 .r....' r-, rlrr...:! .:,. l.

..

,.1 i r':i
,:

;,i, i@:he belterrc dilbrsrhgt mcre ofsreei*f Bffi . Stis{. st!s.had bed;wfin'ed in&,giving eridence. 'I
t.t ...t
...

'$F-' jri*$5fg 'I. .--:,{,..:I

l ro-sg j:-: '

; I ir.iarr:.

..

lla

.@d his ooltegues, psrticut&ily

.i

:1&dr*r!,l"aoiiotr of thr$'heF bee*rernrredby tbe Securiq'

JPillib;t he,said.
..

^3 the main prinsbls of iustice is that whesl thene One of Itr,rtreason"bl" doubt' dr' case should be thrown ,out. ',lsh3tlrer ornot Mr JustieeCurlewis felt there was reasonable {oubt in tlie torrure dshs of Zaph Mothopeng and his tbilorrcrs, surely he had heard about the strange-deaths in lffirEntion of those four men, Naboth Ntshuntsha, Saqqcl ,ilt*dinga,;Aamn Khoza and Sipho Malaza. Wercastrkose d.L^

'

Failios that,,let e United Mrions team intennEw t5ose rnin in private. It.really is a case for coacern.

MrJahffim N),athi, tht man who was thrown.tbmugh thx window in l{rugersdorp.

I :,'
. ,

i i,:, i:,rl;ti' ,

'li'.,ry#

irfi ,rlir-'
jl:':i;
.,;..i.

:1.!.rh-^

6ces, grounds

for reasonable dotrbt?

.1,, On zo March 1978 two foteign diploduts, one from the 'Swedish Legation in'Souttt',A&ica and the other from.the ,Arnerican ,f,ftfu$stfr:,tried to anend the Bethal trial m ,qffidal1.qb.ifversr Mr justice Curlewis barred them from r&feerlif:-sgreeing with the State's contention that they .qtipUea to attend as '.representatives'of governmeots only '&lte!sted in political mattefs'. r.|rZbph Mothopeng told the court he did not wish to enter r{iplea because, as Nelson Mandela had said at his trial years earlier, he did not feel he would get justie &om e court cornposed of White men who laid down the Tfhite rnads

{g\ds.'

,,

stage Mr Justice Curlewis sgapped 'Nelsoa MAndela' 'who is he? Why do you quote him? I've. never treard of anyone named Mandela.' ', ZuFh Moftofng wasformdguilty. He is serving afiftecrr,1tear iail term and will be eighty-two years old when he h

At this

Africa.

The most notoriorx case of .death by falling, was that of Mr Ahmed Timol, an Indian schoolteactrer abea tnirty. t& died after fa[inC &om Room roa6 of John Vorst$ Square; on z7 Octobff rg7t. The Secrrity Police said Mr Tirnol had iumped through the window, but l,know the tnrth about , . Ahmed Timol's fall. I nas responsible for his arrest in th first place. It all started in London rlr late r97r when.tr nus,'.dlrb.],, Membership Secretary for the London Freelance Brqncb of the National Union of Journalists.;As I hsve stated earlier, I_.T\ advantage of beipg an officer of the Union by.using their head-office files to compile a long rsuspec-t tisi' o{dl ..,, I left-wing or liberal British iournalists ; and one ofthe glq6r :,, that list was Mr Quentin Jacobsen, a freelance preffe srnCIfflr man who hadwon a photographic co$est organiaed by-.tlfc British Sunday Tirw..$i 1966" From,his file I sawthat_ffi Jacobsen was quite clearty a liberal, and I submi*d,r.his name to B O S S, suggesting, as I did with all the men on my suspect list, that he should be watched if he visited South
,
,

aga\t the Minister of Police for a total of {roo,ooo for s[eged assauh and tornrre inflicted on them by members of
rtrre Eecurity

:" ,,.i released in At the conclusion of the Bethal trial, Ze'ph Mothopeng and tlV,stvcorfAis co.sceused mouhted legal actions for dariages

ry94.

Polie. The South African gcreriment will

almoet certainly deny their allegations, and mine. But thefe

btonly one way Pretoria can reasonably refute all these clninrs" I.et rhe world press interview Zeph Mothopeng

photographic studio in Jshannesbtrg. tVhile the d&n werc iavesrigating they discovercd *rat erentin l.eft,tle was friendly with seversl young enti-apartteiO activisrsi,All

\trfhen Quentin did visit South Africa, where he set.up a: _ photqgraphic studio in Johannesburg, BOSS asked 1g{,6 r,: do q dtg into his frisrds and background in Londonl,J .,,': made discreet inquiries in Londoa aad discovered !fu41 ",,' ,' Quentin had friends in the African National Congrewi and, , furthermore, he or his twin brother, Henrlr, had recently made a short visit to London and had srmrggled some dagg8 (rnariiuana) outof South Africahidden in either a surf board or a parachute..I flashed this back to BOSS, and thy : -':i,,,,, y'lanted' sr uied to plant, a Black aggnt on Quentin at

lt{StD3r,*93*.,
I

'

, ,,j#:
.
r.

'ti,,iiT&
lfte ?' Suifi l'ou, Fr bs$sds:t.ro tlre clnp,holilingr Timol?o left lg 'le* gp of his sfri* arid' uing ,both.het&r,battged Timot's'teft shin w &e edge of the wiirdorr ledgc*f 'r.:.',',r,. It was at this stage drat 'sornettring terrible' bappeeie4 said &obbie Borlwer, Tirnolk righrlqgl eithcr by ryasm or: by design, jerked up, and his heel hit the other officer in &6, tescieles. He let go of Timol and fell back grunting t$pain.' - 'The o*rer chap, still holding,Tirhol's left anlde and ealfl; was nearly pulled througtt the window by Tirrrol's wgfht'
and had qo let go to save himselfr'.said Robbie,Bouwr"r li,' There was a reason ufiy the Securiqy mm had lost their' tmpe$ and held Timol through therwindow" His lieebogt :t#*$H;
"'t$rh: ilt* '"iil,:;

wse secrctly, mq*litored tryrthe SeoniqSo Poli*e and follswed;, This led tottre arrest of Ahmed Timol. '',I*edied five days later.'While being interogated in Roorn ro*6 he had, 'for no appafent reasonf, iurnped up from a .:crhair and dived through the window. That's what, the 'seturity Police said. My London BOSS handler, AIf ,:Biiuwer, told me a different story. He said three Security Police ofrcers had been in,Room roz6 at the time of Timol's death. They had asked Timol if he knew a man named Quentin Jacobsen. Timol had said'Yes. He's a Coloureil cllap who lives down in Cape Town.'.The Security men *new ttis was a lie because, acting on my information ts BOSS, a Security Police monitoring team already had Quentin Jacobsen under'surveillance and knew he was a Wtrite man from Britain. : Timol's lie angered the three security men' so'two of ,t$fln'grabbed him and pushed his head and shouldere 'dlroryh the windov as they held on to his legs. They thneatened to drop him.if he did not stoir telling lies. But eonrething happened to make one of the officers let go of tirnol and he fell ten floors to his death. Alf Bouwer told me he knew this 'inside story' because tug brotheG Robbie Bouwef,, wa; a Security Police interrog tor based at John Vorster Square. Robbie Bouwer had also helped to question Timol, but not on the day he died. ,, When I returned to South Africa in 1974, I became friendly with Robbie Bouwer, because he knew frorn,his brother Alf that 'I had worked in London as a B O S S agent. I asked Robbie what had really happened to Timol, and this is what he told me: 'One of the chaps grabbed Timol by the seatsf his trouee*pwitlr one hand and his hair with the oths. Our other chap held Tirnol's left leg with one hand and his shirt with thebther" They only rneant to scare him into talking anl helS.him face down over the window ledge as they slowly
pushed his head and shoulders out.

, .riiiia ' 1i 'i.

Quentin Jacobsen being a Coloured man who' Iiv-ed..;iis Cape Town made them re,:ilize he had bebn takingthern frr a ride *re previous day when.he had sat do'wn and stsrted drafting out a statement aburt the.South African politicat figures he had been eonnected widr u'hile studying in IaqF'
,..,:ti?r.. don the previous year. . Vhen he wasfirst detained the ScmityPoliee had.strted

tlreir usual tornre techniques. Timol kne'nr that,if thc{rkcpti beating him he would blurt out the oarnes of, his:eoffir6,, inside South Afr.iea.'To:protect these people, and to gve
them time to hear about-his arrest, so they would havea feirr valuable ertra hours toflee the counuryr.Tinol pretendcdrh$, lvas most willing to talk. He kept his interrogatcirs busy scribbling for two days by telling thern a long involved story of how, while srudybg:inl Britain, he had ioirted a folk music'clrrb known as thdt

Singers'Grotrp in tondon'sKingls Qrcss arrea Oneaigtql

qThey told Timol they would let go if he didn't tell the ttrrth about Quentin facoboen. Timol shouted something

he said, he had attended the club when Peggy Seegerand Ewan"McCo[had perfbrmed on the stage (Within hours of Tirnol teiling the Security Police aborrt the Slngers' Group, BOSS signalled'rne in Londisn and. toldlae-to join ttre club and get the names and photograptn. of the leading members, which I did.) ,,,ili Timol saidrPeggy Seeger and-Ewan McColl had invfted., songs or poetry from the audience, so he had jumpeiil up and sung an ignpromptu ditty' abotrt the etupidityr,.,of

,r

'

lf,&ictrr worrran named Miss Bahiya Ruwayda Vawd* . In his tong-drawr-out'cocrfession'Timol gave thenameg : of,eoveral other South African exiles he had met'in Lsndon. ', Ehy were: Mr Joe Slovo and Mr Jack Hodgson, whon ifirnol said: were both mesrbefs of t]re South African Cml: mmist,.Party and both acted as advisers to the African ' Nadomal Congress; Dr ,Yusuf Dadoe6.',the leader,of ,the ' ,Souih African Indian Congre"se; which is affiliated to 6e

,' tufned,to South Africa":,Vhen,he agreed; he was.tesuid , todlo ANC.by someone relsted to Jr friendly witha$orrb

ryarfuidi Tgmol seid,r$pi',4i,fticarr,St@L @grEsrin Lqfidq' hod oonetrow &@d:about:ddr, and hsd c*cd,*tie if $F.' would dbuibute'neiti*pnheid: Ieafe *'licn, -[s:l6*
l

Timol,'ege;, Nodrbg,ehinnrs more deulyihow eome rnagistrates will go out of their way not to offend 6e South Africarl police or tlre South African govemment. Tlre irrtrdvest]r of lustice, and I am quite eure tfiat any person scrutinizing the evidence laid before that inquest will eorl-

quest into the death

of Ahmed Timol was a

shocking

'

ANC; Mrs Stephanie'Sechl (hge femp), who worked &r dre British: Ariti*Apartlreid:,Movementi Jnrily Rice, m' E4gl&h:girlwho was maried ts Arthur Mairnane, a 4leek ESutr Aftiean iournalist tiving in xile i:n Britain; and Basil manabai of S,{NROC, lI ,.r g'1u.uu***n tnen had ben delightod with dl thsse nafric& , [g'c6{dd sound.geod when they brought Timol ts triol;'But ,'iitllerlTimol lied about Quentin Jacobsen the ne:rt day the security men realized h9 had been playing fbr timc. Ndtp &ay did not'knonr whedter he had. met t&ose bb"aamcs in bqieton on nbt. Th&t is wtry thef drragged hiin to tlre win. ..- . t. : .,dOSl.:.,.,' ' .,,I: ss fascinated to hear all dris from Robbie Botrivti
r'

firm what I say. Briefl5 the facts as reported.at the inquest are,that on *7 October Aluired Tirnol.was being interrogated in,Roosi roz5 of John Vorster Square. The-time *"-4.ro p.nr" Thp interrogators were'Captain Johannes van Niekerk, Caffain J. H. Gloy and Sergeant 'foe' Rodriques, all members of the"Security Police. The courr was told that a high-ral{risg police officer (who was named only as,'Mr Xt because he was a BOSS operative) had entered the room and said
something which caused Gloy and Van Niekerk to walk out, leaving Sergeant Rodriques to look after Mr Timol Rodriqdes told the inquest that Timol had asked e go to the toilet. As he and Timol stood up frcien the tabteTirnd had made 'a dash towards the window'. Rodriquesrsaid'he had tripped'over a chair and had been unable to stop T,iqpl diving through the window. But strong doubt was cast on this story when Divisional CID inspector Brigadier C. W. Pattle gave evidence. He said he had entered Room roz6 just after Timol had died. When asked about the state of the room, Patde said, tI would have expected to see signs of a struggle and.chain,

because, apart from my investigation into Peggy Seeger and the Singers' Group in London, I had abo, at tlre reqr.lest of BOSS, spgff many days checking on twenty-eight people and thirty-four telephone numbers B O S S had sentmeffor*r

address book,fsund when Qpentin Jpbsen"-was ' "' l, alrg$@d.* i '' ,','r'$wss curious to firrd"out how the Secudty Potice had franagpd to cover up, so I made a very careful study of the
,

an

*as
crt'

*.Quentin lacobsen was arrested fou! daye sfter Timol died. IIe ctrarged under the Terrorisrg Act but acquittcd, niainly becauup

overturned; There were no such indications.' Pattle said that when he questioned Sergeant Rodriques minutes aftgr Timol?s death he had rct mentioned falling over a chair. Another officer,who interviewed Rodriques on the,dfy Timol died was Maior-General C. A. Buys, the head of the CID. Two days later Gener{ Buys gave an intenriew to an Afrikqans repofter during which he stated, quite cate= goricdlly, that Rodriques hadsaid 'Timol suddenly iumpsd up and rushed to the'door.' irii.r.r

the'coutt-found that a Black agent named Seadom Tilotsane, vrbo'was itrportaot State witoess, was a liar.

At the inquest, Sergeant Rodriques was asked to rE@

why he had told General Buys that Timol had 'nrsbcd ro

..ifs*' l**t*}r*r lsss;

'
said hedid oot knowl bstr besrrse he; Rodriqupg' this, ,-gaoU Buys had come,&oay

TORTU,SE

IN

SOUr:!il,AFRICA

. J95

g;

456gr'1el16n

lre hsd

r.fuCuil nha'ctttooi'. 8p&iques

Getreral sindow. not the door''

@'

othct sfficrs

drat''fbol

hd'

''lr,ti f16

.bdneversaidanything'like'that.',: r'-, 'Bu6rsithx rushed to'&e

Tihol had

When a iergeant calls a general a liar he is'taking a very .bfg risft. Btrt Rodriquee *'g savedpomibh embarrassment' General Buys stood in the witness !o1 t9 slve ' at the inquest hi suddenly collapsed while beirry

iffi* *h* rffi*.t aC (ry i**ifu o,rotionedby Mr Israel 'Issy'Maisels' tp the general's
ttt. f"l*"f family).
*o*i,o*""
and tooi< him qr.to

Police ofrcers rushed

of his illrress'uras ncver sated, but a dsqtor mid - ilt;;** eiuidence' Mr Issy Maisels terH ft" **fa'bc unabte to girrc iabsolutely essential' 'that Ctneral was h tltt .G'6,st 'ilio* U" t*tffed to give evidence, but the cou$ was told the *""td not 6e arrailable for 'rno or three uonths'

avff{ndah outside-the court'

G*"t
br*:

tecause of ilt-heatth

'bb;m; f.o than five weeks after his collapse in the wimcse
frryt

=ll l"r*r, toroot r, drat Creneral Bup was back at work in

i" ;as clearly determined not to risk eiving evidene fair'^I wil} correde'tbat crencrel ;"i": it bt scrrlpulousty hade agen"ine.mistake.when.he- quoled ;d;. [*
"*fta S#*inootiques
if .rt"i I'
have

as sa-ying Timol had 'rushed to tbe so, then yet ano&er oSer also rn'ade a

dmilar mistake. ' :Ciri"t evidene at the inqueet,

. ;t;; --sr;;

otr. rfti, ttenaa asked Sergeant Rqdrlques hgwJimotha{ t-rad ansyer.'ed ;;;;Ji"tl.h*ugh the *itdow' Rodriques ;i** moved Timot tsqvmds,tbe asking to go to the toiletr coqrse and ran to.the window" ' "ri*e"d Seqgeant Rodriques told the inatouittriq lvnong' Gloy must have rt&l.ltac CaDEin Gloywas-also "did :r cary- gtgv anvthing tor,tcllrtitt" he said' the door,' towards moving Timol ;mcers rri'a mirlru*atooc sergeaat Roddqres? uu""us" a third o6er broueht yet anotber Thh

gpoh

Glor to{-th9

f6e"tr*"d

.iril-**m ffi;d;;J

i;H..iy;

contradiction. Captain Van Niekerk told .the.inquest: 'sageant Rodiiques told me drat Mt Timol:had,stood up and apparently wanted to walk up ahd down the roourr (to stretch his lEgs). Sergeant. Rodriques had not mentioned anything about Timol asking ro go to the toilet. Sergeant Rodriques told the inquest that Captain Van Niekerk was wrong. 'I never told him anything of the sort.t In spite. of all these contradiedons the presiding magh*ate, Mr|.I-. deVilliers, an Afrikuuir, said in his eumAingup speech that he had no difficulty in accepting the evidenco ofboth Captain Van Niekerk and Captain Gloy. lahsy grr. ttreir evidence in b calm manner and were extensively cioes. oraminedr'he found. Magistrate De Villiers also had the impression that Brigadier Pattle had been a trurhful witness. From these comments it seemed as though De Villiers was ping to frown on tlre decidedly odd evidence given by SergBa,l* Rodriques. But no. In hjs summing up, he found thg.t, Sergeant Rodriques, t$e officer who had allegedly been alone with Timol when he went ttrfough the window, 'ffi nothing to do with Timol's death'. Within twenty minutes of Timol falling throrigh the window the police had mounted an official investigati,on into his death. Photographs were taken of Sergeant Rodriques standingin Room roz6 One photograph showed Rodriques n$rt to the table and chairs, demonstrating what happened in the seconds preceding Timol'S death. A second photograph showed Rodriques positioning the etrairs as they:had been when Timol was sitting at ttret*ble. Another photograph showed Rodriques' position when Timol moved away from the table to the window. Anotlpr photqgraplr showed where Rodriques had been standing when Timol actually iumped. The $ct that these photograplrs were takeri clearly showc that at least one CID officer had been most' aniious to, gather immediate and definite evidence about Tirnops strange death. Itlee$rs logical, then, that the CID wtitdd also have taken a starrnFnt from Sergsant Rodriques as
,

'

iitjtiffi

at

.t

,. ?].:.

iitf l,.,{ltslg8.m,*
gr$*lf Nq.lb. Scfgemt'Rodrigue, rt+ld''th igq}|St:.thst tre'had no( sade,l ttatement &out TinnolS
,as,.

:
hfrir.''

ToRTU*g

,XN

.sQlt?t .AFA!CA'

possible.

s4tfrjtent he had mader hq'said. When he was asked,why he had not made a rnnineo lqpor& Rodriques told the'inquest: 'Nobody asked me to
make one.'

dtp&qntil fourtesr dhys,trater. This wss the firsit and only

Miertnati:niHeasettsshi$qgr,t,'u. 1;: j, ;r':r'r'., Mrs Timol:'I've never h*trrty son, so ],uxmnst

'Fl',

hit

Policsnan: 'Because you didn't hit him, we will hitrhkrt Mrs Timol \trac so upset by this ttrieat m assault hei son white he was in custody thst,she signed a $arrnsrt gtsidg
cxact details of her questions and the policernan's
anbureilrgL

Rpdrhuee was oftcially questioned by yet another officer ehertly after Timol's death. The officer was Maior J" q. .Q Fick. tsut the inquest was not able to take a'lookat Maior Flck's notes on this interview, becaust,Maior Fiek had not
made any, either while questioni4gRodriquee

,Thie is wen strangq:r{lhn you know that Sergeant

Another statement was made by brcr husband, Mr Ywtrf, Timol, whohad been presentandheardwhat thc policrwr
had said. Both their statgments were placed before the courg

orafter*'ads.

None at all. It was. the 6sile wrlth,General Buys; who had officinlly
,$pncr.d':trad not made any notes during the interrriew, or

Weffticage Rodriques shcrtly after

Tinol's deattu Ttre

None at all. t&erwar*. 'r;.This Isqy Maisds to

offies caused Mr allqe durtng the inquest *rat Maior Fick snd General Buys were involved in a 'whitewastring expedition' to protect the Sectrity Police. The presiding magistrate Mr De Vi[iere said he found this allqpdoq
strange lapse by two experienced

but Magistrate De Villiers, in his summing up, fouud &at., Mrs Timol was.'not a very truthful"witness'. ., 1,:r;,: ' ' Several mysterious bruises and abrasions were,found'trh Ahmed Timol's body after his deattr- These also carM serious contradictions in eyidence at the inquest. When Dr N. ]. Schepers, *re State pathologist, gave evidence that thc bnrises could tibve osurrd durir{g,tbe time.Timol,,t'g being interrogated, he was dismisse4and anothcr pathqkrgl* was called. This was Prcfessor,,H" Koch; who said"t$e brujses dated baek to nine oritwelvedays bgjore Timof *as
,

arrested. State pathologist Dr,schepers disputed this, Aad

sex

' aompletely urifounded'. ';::&{t:trssy Maisels tried to find out the idemity of the ,mysteriour'Mr X'who had walked into Room roz6 a ftw seconds before Ahmed Timol fell through the window. But rio the ,Ivlagistrate De Villiers agreed to a State request that intercsts of National Security' his name strould not:b disc,lpoed. To this day nobody knows who that'high-ranking

I. W. Sirnsonl ttre inquiry's indepada* medical Gessor. Yet, in hb summing,up,:fvfagiscrate De,Villiers found 'no reason to doubt' the evidence given by polie
Professor
officers who said custody.

did

Mr Timol had not been'iasmulted while.in,''

Magistrate De Vjlliers found that Ahmed Timol.trad

committed suicide andttrat no one couldbe.blaqedfrr bi* dath. He said the possibility that lvtr Tinlol ,migbt hnve

BbSS man wa!i.

.',dM.,Timol's, mother, Mrs Hawa Timoli also gave eridsrce at the inquest. She said that iwt otu dry before her ' wt,dieL four police officers had raided md searctrd her thlough her'son's berumlrryirg hosre. As *rey.were son?' can L see'nry had asked 'Wheo hhgings S , 'Poliman: lYou wos't s@ your eon again.'
l

i6fa Timot: 'Why won?t I eee.hirn

again?'

'.

been murdered or had 'fallen through the window.agidentally was rid:iculozsn. Mr De Villiers also said,he'u/as quite satisfid that, although Mr Tirnol,had bcen interrbga:ted for long periods, he had b6en treatd :in acivilid..Er*t humane rnanner' by ttre policri at all tisres. .,iil ,, The rnost widely publicized death in detention waq,$ , of Mr Store Bikor,tbc ac.lmowlgdgd,sirokesrnan,&d,1sib *reory of-'Bleck Consoiousness' in Surth Africa; Silin'nirs

. +rtl
,,ji?jJi,

,,,,.:,,,#
"':r:il ,. S;.

t.*if
''t{#
,rsls

'
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; :

,;

p-ru

l-l;1"

tii. ::ijrjr:r,!f

,nii|1Eti.t',tt'

,!g& .irNSlDB,laoB$
t.

to*,TURE'rN $OUTU AFRICA . 5g0

1i1111

','

iii.

+ :r',

Soirth African gwerflrlent has publicly was chained to a wall wearing leg irons he airiiinea that and handctrft. r ,During ,the early houis-'of ttre morning hie head wag da{naged: I was told by a BOSS man how ttris had hapDd. The storv had tien related to him by Warrant bmbe" Henry Fouche, a $ecmity Police officr who was one cf the men on night shift to guard Biko on *rat fateful even-

held by thp,swurity Potiae q Port.Elizabcth in Se,ptcoaber

,Enr'na 6e

access to a toilet, for the entire duration ofthat thirtenhour,. 7oo-mile drive. He died a few hours later: of brain

initrries,, ., . ..',. .i ,' .,..,'.,.i1 At the inquest the clrief State pathologist in Prtori;
Profbssor Johann Loubser, actuallyrtried to claim that Bikq tcould have banged his own head against the wall repeotedly'. ?he inquest fbund that Biko had died of brain injwie but that no one could be held criminally responsible. : : Vhen Mr Biko's,famlly instituted criminal proceedings

ing. ,, lFouche said one of his colleagr,res had rEceived a tele pbone call at about midnight. Tho caller was Varrant Offiber berharaur Hattingh, a securiry.man whohated Biko. This Biko had 'was because tre trad once assaulted Biko and ounched him back' smashing tris false teetlr. Hattingh had Leen unable to taice revenge on Biko as too many witnessies !s$re :pmtent, including three if not four Blaqk gonstables. H*tingh phoned to saY: 'I hear you are looking after Biko?' Vrhen he was told ttrat this was correct trIattingh said: sGive my best regards to that kaffir who broke my teeth" The.offiter put down the telephone and walked into'*re next roonr, where Biko was shackled to a gritrle by the wall. F,trlliqg up a chair alongside Biko he roused him from his

against the Minister

widow, Mrs Ntsiki Biko, rnore than {4o,ooo. Anyone wishing to knolv more about that uuly scandalous qse shotrld read the superbly docwnented book Br'fro by thet
possibly:hays rbanged his oqrn head against 1fus Wal,tr'r:[: should perhaps point out that equally ludicrous srat@@tg! have been made in $outh ^African'courtrooms when de. tainees complained of being ill-ueated. __I grve a typical orarnple. In August r98o a,pregwp', Black woman, Mrs Ttrandi Modiee, aged twenty;'told a Johannesburg,court'that she was torarred by'Maior Gron, wright, Captain Heystek and Warrant Officer Jordaan in Room toz6 at John Vorster Square. She was interrogated with a fellow detainee, Mr Moses Nkosi, aged twenty-four;
,

government settled out

of Police ihey were silenccd. The of court by pdying Mr .Biki's

exiled Sorrth African editor Donald \f/oods (Pengutn, l4l;g)l.: For those people who wish to believe that Mr Biko.rnigbt

,F'iustrated by hie handcuffs and leg irons, Biko delib'erately 6?at into the officer's face. In fury, th9 offie9r punctreC him. Biko wriggled furiously and tried to bite be*. -So thCI officer grabbed his hair and banged his headagainst .the,wall to,subdue him. ,'ilA fem hotus later, when ttre day shift came;on duty, it .hesarne clear ttrat Biko r:vas semi-comatose and foaming at ttre mouth. So the Sectlriiy Police drore him from Port Sfizabeth to Pretoria. The South African government has -'sdgritted that Biko was placed in the back of a police Ixnd Rovern'here heremained, naked, without food and without

slpp iaying 'Your old friend Hattingh asked me to gxy youl hisr regards.'' Vith that he gave Biko a backhander acfoss the face.

,' . , question to a on how detainees could be eo 'Rdplytng 'injur'ed while in police custody; Security Police Sergeant E. J. Tierney told the magistrate (and I give this quote from court records): 'The,floor at john Vorster Squafe i$
whose body clearly bore many large bruises

frlI while sitting on a-chair.' I have an itemized list of fifty-three politicel detainecs who have died in South Africa during the last seventerr years. Eight died of'natural causes' (one of those.uag Solomon Modipane who qslipped on a barof soap'). Five died of 'causes undisclosed'. Ten fell to their de*&,Ono
,.1

so slippery that a person cad fall and iniure himself or even

..

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fdg,.r.$wrDa-rBffi$ ittdiftom tarpptiegtion;,. 'frxre tcllictf; Orc dicd of s *rombo*s' frio Aea of besrt'or respiiatory failur'9,'onc did.of qinternal bleeding', one was 'shot while escapfug' mdlone ,died of 'gtutstpt niounds'. One died of brain and twentyrainries, gnother died of an ''unknon'n i[ness', qhangpd tbmd'osunined suici&; nincdm, of those
,r.: dtlv$'. Minimer Petser was asked by tgrloJustie In Septcrnber Itrslleleo Suzmsr:in parliarneot why some detainees were being held for unrsuqlly lurg peciods before they werc

.-,

. . ,..

TO'*TUSE

rN SOUTS

AFRTCA

. 60r

becomes terriffing. The pain in the feet is intense Bnd the meqal effect is,a fireling of beiag:about tp fgll orrcr a ellff, Alsp causes disorierrtation. Mainly used on Blad<.'wsrre.n . The Slepp lValfur. Viaim,is made to sit sa.a,wodo chair in the same position for two or three days by Security PolicE operatives working round the cloek on a shift basis, This is the number one favourite torture. It leav.es no rnarke on the body and the victim becombs so disorientated thrqugh lack ofsleep that he or she is unable to distinguish reality

'

r.eleasd ot brought to aial. '.'Mr Pelser answered: 'I e*plaincd to"the tr'onourbble scmbefs this afternoon how,dffict{t it is to crack these people. They have beeoraught to offer resgtance.' After latking at:frreat tryth o$ thc zubiect Mtr Pelstr added: 'Y$rlato'flix pt the tnrth out of ttrern. Yotr rnust detain &etnli,.yor,rrnret interrognte them again and again' Thry liirrc Usr taught to ketp seeitts.' ,r:.Mr:Feber 'did not disclce the sredrods used by ttte $wuriry Police when they iaterrogate detainees 'agaia and
Br.lt I lr.now.what these are. esial. - Tle Pornquese Storue. The vietim is made 'to stand fCIr manv hours in a corner. Causes no nrorks qo the body and teavis tlp vi*im totally orhausted with an aching body and bgdly sr$olhn legs. Mainly uced on Blrelc women. A gpod softenine-up tactic. Thc Fontryvese B@k Etf. Variation of *bove. Victim is mde to hold a eardboa{ box full of books above the t\cad for two or three hours. If box is lowered, the viaisn io'hit on ttre elborv with a stick. Carxes, etnxeme fatigge sa{ cfirmp. Mainly used on Blacl woanesr. [tre fsgp d f*4. . Vie,titn rtrsde to stand-on tiptoe with Uo*'rut tied together four feet frsm a'wall. Two fingers of dlhcod take the weight of the body. Causes disorienta' dCIor..diuy spells and faintiry ft& Mainl!' rsed o Black mcn. TIre Clifi &Ise. Victim is fored to sand barefoot half w sod Uatf oe two house brick$. Afts a ferr hfim tbi*

from three- or four-second-long 'dreams'. Talks,.mrnbles '' .. and answers questions almost without knowing. Tke Monh4t Mon. ,Victim is suspended from warcn, pipes by ropes or pieces of.cloth; Feet are left danglirg:a ' few inches from the floor. So nears yet so far. Surprisiagl!1, . successful tectrnique. Reducbs the vicrimls lseling, of pridl. and self-confidence. Causes e)$rem pain in the 4uns,and legs. Mainly used on young B[acks. Nuuo wome&.i , '' i:,i,. ' Tke Paraclwte. Threatening to hold or'throrv avicdsi. out of a window. Victim will then be accused of tryi6$'CI. SCBp; fhe Tokotoshe. So called because the ioUtoslw ie,m, evil spirit widely believed in by rural Blacks. It isthe Derdl and can be invisible or take various hideous shapesi a hairy dwarf or a magic snake. The tokoloshe used by the Securiqy' Police (and in police stations in country areas all over $outh. Africa) is a homernade electric-shock machine made fhom, batteries with two wire leads and winding apparatus. The leads are applied to the lips, priv4te parrs or ihe stomactL. A few spots of water sprinkled befor,ehand inteosify the, pain. Victim is told the tohaloshe is running round incide his body. Only used on Blacks. One drawback: ttre pain is so iniense that the victirn often has phenomenal memory recall and remembers every detail of the torturer's face and physical Suild etc. To rernedy this a canvas bag or.potatg j, sack is placed over the victim's head. This also abssrbs thet,, sound of screams, and stops the victim spitting into t&ot,. : :.:.,' ; faces of his tormentors. Tha Cracher. Nothing can be rnore painful for a man
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&.'A piee of i. th*n $o,g*iqk oa hie t$i*$ele*"'Two tn ruingor.a shoelaoe with a didirqg lasso knot. This stopc the
.drbrdinary nutcrackers applied for thre to four sectiods. :Dblihsd by the Security Police. because it leaves -very ',,&triolrs'bruises. Mainly ued by Murder and Robbery ,::,$quad detectives who nced to obtain a confession frorn a crimihal very quickly; Allegations of toffure rnade by
citpninals are rarely heeded.by the courts. The Afun's Apple. The most dangerous torrure of all. So,ealled bcause the torturer says he is gging to'qqueez 4, pips out- of the vigtim's Adarn'e agfle-. ftey lorre ttlal blood florv, and release carrecg agony. Second method. A pair

'df-indicted iniwies'. A fiEtbr twety-eight dird from asurdt' by odra'primers .nr"frsss iEarlts'yet to .be
year ending June 1977" 326 sentenced prismcrs died. Elwen died of.iniuries &Iieg scape$rlsevo,@ sriaed suicide and the rst died pf variorrs, natural erses including pneumonia. , In the year ending June rg75r:335 prisonere died. Of theoe, z67,were Bladr. Twenqy.ei4t did of iniuries oru.Aiaed durifrg or prior to arrestf. -:, Every year the number of deaths rangpd betwoqo,zjo.rp 35o. The South Africa* Prisons Deparunentuses tha phqse 'natural causes' to orplain' mmt of these- deaths. But:tf$h'q frearlv figures are very carefully exanined thcy shos'drat m astoniohing number of prisoners die of 'pnerrmoqisi Thrt was given-as the cause of death for Eft,y-nine o{.th *67 Blacks mentioned above. That year, only one Wlute,g4yiqt, died of pneumonia, :
.

fofte- .t wet'towel is wrapped'mqnd the throat and pulled tight until the victim is aburt to faini' Leaves no marks on ttre ttrmat.,The 'duration of mrangling time varies rtxrt* dersofii to persotl; sffite pass out quicker than others, Recovering ctnsciousness is a horri$ing e<p,=lrience; partic'tr lerly *hen repeated serreral times. Death is'only sgqnds trniscalculstion' awry; Many prisoners have died owing to by the tornrrer. In such cases the victim is strung up i9 his ell wittr a torn shirt round his neck : he committed suicide by hanging. This almoet certainly orplains why nineteen of those fifty-threepotitical detaid,ees who died were found henging in &eir cells. Verdict in every case: 'Suicide by hanging'.

',.l[hat figure of fifu+hrEe

deaths

is higtrly misleading.

Ilundrcds:of prisoners in the criminal category die in South African prisons every year. Perhaps between 6o and 70 ps ceut:of tlrese deaths are genuinely due to natural caucdg, bn* the other 3o to 40 per cent die of what can onty be described as unnatural causes. For some strange feasoa ttrere is rarely a hue and cry in the press, even ttre liberal prcfl*isbout tbesedeathe. lffhen crifiiinals die it wotrld seein rbrc fcs people care. : tn ltai 1978 it was officially disclosed that 358 prisoners llnd died in iail during the prwious calendar year. Twentyiuc of theirlhad dicd frorn injuries zustained during arrest or'while attempting to escape. Sixteen died of iniuries aueained 'before their arrest', thirty-tvlo from suicide or

Junerr974, eirty-firn sqvi{tarisilt Blacks, were listed m having died of pneumonie. Offsi{l prison records show ttrat thirty-one ofthese 'contractgd& illness in prisont, I harre.not singled otrt exepticnalypam: *re number sf Black pri.rcners dying of pneumonia rmsias quite constant every year. Even if one accepts that all thooe Black prisoners genuinely died of pneumonia - and tr firrd it hard to ocqtthe fact that they died of the ailment is itself an indictrrcnt of prison mnditions.,Medical expera say pneumonia is-.noq. rare in civilized countries because qoday's antibiotie,&d chsrdcel medicines deal so efficiently with the respoeible organisms that pneumonia has little chance of developiglg. South Africa daims it is a civilized country, so why doso rnany Black prisoners die of pneumonia? Do not t$epe deaths stmngty suggst ttra Blaclrs are.q$ gqqtfug,adeqqm;, medical treatrnent in iail? This is zurely something thq Iqternational Red Cross shorrld investigate. South Affieio Iiberal, press can do nothlng about it;,*rey are shacklcd W ,.';,,. ,,. r,.,. tbc Prisons Acr"

In the year ending

TO,RT{rn8

rN SsUtg.;rrnrea. 60S ,'

who deserve full praise fot their varied activities all over the qi$rld.'But whenit comecto $outh Aftica thcse honowuble pmple are being incredibly naive. As proof of this I must iccount a conversation I once had with General H. J. van

hwe dte greatest rspect for.the tntematiqraf nea rooq; il'beti@ it is compood'sf decgnt, honburable people

'1,,,

I '

kland and HJ mentiond ttrat a grcup of officials ft'orn the Ipternational Red Cross had iust been given permission to interview som.g of the prisoners on the island. I conrpletdy rhiaunderstood HJ's reason for saying this, tltitrking he;w88 c-bout ts assign me to write a propogpnda;lcrockdown ofthe ':ryitical report the Red Cr@ wo,g $rerto issue. ' ' tOh nor'saia HJ. 'lfq'have'nro problem there. The Red Cross nwer publish the firrdtngs of their investigtions into ' @qittFss'ot prisoflers in Sotrth,Africa.' ' l;.,,$gsib'I lnisunderstood. 'Goodness me, do you mean to eay we hwe a secret deal gorng with thern?' ,iNo, it's not quite like thatr"he'replied. 'Ve sirnplY ,have a gentlemen's agreement with them that they can ,,eome and interrriew prisoners every now and again as long . as they:do not push rubbish about to-rture and'bad priryfl cobditions into the press. In tertns of thls agreement'they send us a copy of all ttreir findings and, when necessary' 'their recommlndations for improvement. We, in turn, agFee to implernent those improverrrents whenever we find
:

del Bergh. We were talking about prisonels on'Robbeh

p$Vent or combat tsrorist.activities as defined by;the Terrorisrn Act'. Nothing can be published about any person or group agnrqst whom such police actioo is.rdirccted. Punishnreret for

trt,qlgq. stope publication of, di&ttin,Csling wi& rtbe constilution-, mlvryrcnts_, deployrrent ormettrods used by the paltpe" thn Defence Forqe or ttre Railwal' Folice, actiig to

transgressions of the Aet is up to eigl,rt years' irnprisonmeffi, or a Sne of up to Srrooo; or both.,In effect this rneans,thdt if a newspaper he4rs about a person being detained it mtlst apply to the police for permission to print the name. The new Act has caused widespread .protest, Professor John Dugard of Johannesburg'e lVits University said thc.lnw.,,, made it overy difficult io avoid the conciusion tbat *re country has stepped into the realm of the police state'. The South African Council of Ctrurches and the South Afriban

society.'The govemrnent tries to explain that awiry,'61f talking about the country's ntrnique race problems'. Xllefl do,not mean their pollcy of apartheld. They mean that the

the law was 'obiectionable, sinister and vicious'. and could lead to pgople disappeafng with the public'never knowipg what had happened to.them'. The Republic. of 'So'uth Africa is an extremely violsnt
:

Institute for Race Relations issued a ioint stateqrent sayrng

'

',

they are needed.' *his is where the International Red Cross is ss naive. $rhat use i$ a 'gentlernen's agreement' with people who rarely, if ever, implement those recommended imprort'ements?

'

:'

'::.

Afric*n government has added Yet '$qrnr luriittrer weapon to its armoury. In June r98o a new larn' :,wd3 intmduied in the South African Senate whidt draed*lly curtails ttre right of the. press to report the names of detailees. It is the Second Police Amendment Act of r98o
,tt-rb Souttt

The uuth is ttrat the South African Police Forcq virnrally unbridled by government, is largely responsibli, for *re race problerns in SouthAfrica. For anyonewho migttr doubt that, I must point out that hundredq of outh. African policemen viciously assault countless thousands of Blacks every month, and most of them get away with it. But a small minority are so stupid, or arriogant, that they
assault Blacks when witnesses ar . The following are official figures.

corurtry has 2,554,o39 Coloured'peoplg 794,639 Aeians ard t1,g7o,org Blacks, with only 4,453,273 Whites.*

present.
In
)

',, :,'. ry78 a'total of z73i,r

which prohibits publication, wittrout priorpolice.permission, of the nam* of people held under the Termrism Aet.

Official figures issued

Blacks living

in the so-called lndcpendent

in

September r98o.

Eophuttxitsrverre and Venda.) '

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(fhey do not includc homelands, frad$;

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bodity harm (rrhidr includes tomre)'to- anlpable .ffiitO" m murder. Yuc over 90 per cent of their victims f,rtr.ejBkds Of thosezT3 onvicted polimerr, only mrcn' i;;;;aischargedrtr6m tte police force' Again, r have ,*t *,oo* an o.ception*tyar at my or*r,P!e In 1975 some

seri.ourtime,ofo&$m:roiraipgfu,&*ablt'

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'ioe *ti"*t* were oonvietd of ctimes of violenceagirinst 6[i puUlic mostly Blacls:; Only eighteen of thoec policemen mriAis*rargea ilom *re force. In- r97o oractlyz3opolie' ,rien wtxe coivicted of crimes of vi,olence; only twenty-{e

left the force. ,t f* the lpt two years- thc Squth,.tfriem Preurier' Mr about reformrind'a : P. W. Botha, has ben ffrl "f'pq*aitct ib"ttur deal''for Bl8&'.:'Ixtest' figurcs strow that during ,lh" y*t.rg?g,a'lotal of ta9 polioernen were convicted of against .lraenrAers of"ttre Smr*r Africsn orl**' ff "iituo"" of them Black. Ninmen'of dloac policemen *tfa most convictions for exactly tlre some otrences' Of [rA ot "i* onvicted policemen' only twnty wTe discharged tboci zzg *,from ttri force. Also during tylg a total of +S6 peopb, '!"ttty all of them Black, were shot by the-polioe 3 tltq were-'att@tpting to escape'- Of these' 163 (aduhs end iuvenites) diedfrorn polioe bullet wounds. lesseningof ; Pr.-i;t Botha started rgSo by pnimising'e cxsctly May rg8o; in Yet' re$rietions'. p*ty spartheid ,1,961. Blacks were gflEstd in Johannesburg in one siagle Law ofences' dy - - oo Pase i",*. year ending June 1979 th9 Soyttr African polb ,larrestigadd a total of zoS 'Immorality Act' ceses *hcre a person-of one racial group was.suspectcd of hlvilU;.or intending, sexual intercorusc'with a per$on :of am&s draged into murt. Mt{.5h&ooe,'eminnts" 355- were disctose that during ,|, sndfndly" the latest official figures olrt''ofgovmment nade tne v* rgZti tte So..th African - -;utt 'dbG'payrnents to seventy-eight pople who odd provq ana Uroultrt tqat actions against the police for, irnteiytl attect' assault or tornue.

old and had just been brought frcm thematernity homc by my wife, Wendy. As I looked down ar his seemingly ugly, squashed-up little frce f was overwhetmed UV an tii*lda I'd never enperienced. As I held that tittle human beirry I pronfsd myself he wotrld have tbe best of evetye!{&, Toyq food,.a good fattrer and gn exellsrt sctrooliag:.frrt natural reactiurq I'm surc. Then tb most ridiculors thougtrt flastred through my r$ind. . .'Btacks have babies too,* Put like that, in oold print, it looks sillp yct it see logical entension of nry thor4ht-prcceses. I wacted fhe best for fty-sq-rr. Moot proud fathers.ds. But sorre of tlrooe fadrcrs are Bld. Ye*;'Blacks have babies too. I siryty ould n9t get that idiotic thought out of my mind. It cc me offthinking about"the incredible hardships sutre-d by Blecks in South Africa" The l,ong hours they crorftedl tha despicably low wages ttrey received; tbe sffernpt etronn thern by the maiority of rilfhites" Yer they hed ctrildren too. Mosr of thsr at least three, usrully five, and quite often between sewen'and ten. The lorc that Blacks Uestow oo cfiildrn is lqend in Sstah Africa- Nobory csn deny tha( They work thernsdves tb a standsrill toelothe srd fd,rlrcir chitdrn properlp In spite of arerytlring, Thirfting along these lines bred a nsw awartne$r in nrc. Froen that nromhr on I took particular notice of Blacks and tlnir cfiildrcn. I a*od guestions I',d never asked before and eaw thinge which had always b6n"thre bnrt- I'd nr4f ,, ,:i.,, nqioed- IIow blind m Vhite eyes'be? Ihad a Black maid nanred Bdith l.ikornawho had.gffil me duee yeard lryal serrdce and dffied over Guy u&dn,.he

At rr a.m. on Mondan rz |uly ry76,I'held my tiny baby scn Guy for the first timc.'My fitsi dlild, he was five dap

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'.: rygqborrl Edittt bad bq@,.pqid'f,40 aaron*r, btrt I uppod , it'tq S8o aqd invited lrer daughters and granfctrildren to my home to play with.'Guy. ,I talked to,Fdi*r oq a wide varity of zubiects and during one conversation discoverd she was a personal friend and house pest olf Gatsha ' Buthelezi, the leader of South Africa's four and half million ' Zulus. Just imagine thetl Sdithhad worked for meall that tlner'and I hardly knew anything about hetr. It's so typical , .of the White ma{r in South Africa. , , A/ty nrfit awareness was a devastating e:rperience It didn't happen overnight; in the beginnitrg I made, a deter' pined etrort.to resist all this alien thonght._l *"d the 9,1d balm that 'our Bl4ql$i in South Africa were, after ' ' Fretsria all, better off thaq the B.lacks in other parts of Africa. But Fate wgs ngt going to,let fiie get away with that. . OsE aippry winter's day I was trarrelling through lohani

sm,bcr hTrrliig gfig:Iilgrie bot lo thre litde Blr* tids lrryinltrlhs$selves nerrt s, rffie:ho(;watef, pipec. A-Ib* d"y*latec:I went ts my local.snrpermarte to buy smoked oysners for a dtinks pcty I was grving rh4 ilig$, As I,sM in the gtore I mw a rrcatly-dressod glacft mEfl
ltorrltg sons. One of thesri aged about ten, wrinkled his nose and said sonie*fring. ?lle other bry, aged about five, turned to his brottrer asd srniled as he,replied. Althor4h *rey had spoftea in sorne tribal language, I knew in my hert whar drey had said. As th6.' man watked away widr his sons, I turned to a Black strop assisra$t who hsd b@ knediqg nnr to us re-rtocking 1..: now stretf, I a*edhim to tell mewhat dre two bovshad sa]d bokirlg shurdaced he said he did not know. T?rat i$ afso typical of the Blsckmm in SoutbAfrica. No way.is hegoing to tell the Whitc boss anything which might cause oftnga

iiril

bcket Wirh him were his two

puning thrce tins of dog food into.his ernpry wire shoppirlg

, . ,

*eo"burg's densely populated Hillbrow area with my Bla$ driver Solo,mon when saw something moving rn a side alley. Grabbing my camera I ordered Solomon to stop and '.went to investigate. ft was a wrinkled old woman with a blanket round [er shoulders. She was eating food out ofa d-ustlin. People eating out of bins are not all that surprising; I had seen tramps doing it in London, Paris, Madrid and

ortrotrble.

,.

'I

heri but she couldn't complain. My skin was White. Her first curious look changed into that submissive deadpan er,rpression South African Whites"see ex/ery day of theh lives. This made me feel worse" Blacks don't dar-e to question the'hebaviour of Whitcs, howwer strange it may seen. :. -W"rr" was to come. The woman ferreted dee-per into the bin and found a congealed mass of mCIshed potatoo and peesi This she shoved into a small plastic ic*'cream eontainer and walked away wittr it. Fascinated, f watdred her into the basement garqge bf a'Vbitds Qnly' block of, . ftirn flats. Sneakigg after he& I peped round the corner and

Hons l(ong. But this wornan was Black and the bin she was rgotirlg through ws at the back'door of a 'Whites Only' restaurant. I watched in dismay as she scooped leftov.ers into her mouth. She saw me taking photographs of

Still not wanting rc aeept what I had heard, I hnelt dou,n and started quizzing that Black shop assi$mtr'eD& people really eat dog food?' He gave an indir.ect snswr. 'Wcllr,it's Thursday, you
:

rerirmbered &eo all rigbt. The ten-year.old boy had seid tNo, not again, daddy.'And his fiveyear-old brqrhef had said 'tf(lhy not? I lihe it. It makes a nie orrry.'

by holding r;p a two-Rand banknote (roughly f,l). HL

Derernrined to l$ow the truth,

refieshed his mcrntng

'.,,'.

on a Thursday. He even kno' whiclr brands sold betrer than o$rrs. The noct popular was 'Pamper'; wtrieh iitii 6ll ehunlry meat and ost ttlirty-rwo cents. I?ith panDcr ' ' you could takt your ehsiseof chicken orliver.

I didn't sce, so he patiently explained ttrat Blac*s were pard on Fridan arrd Thurday wds a twr day when rnorr} was short Many Bla* farnilies boughr tiruied dog tirod for a curry $rppef,. If I noeded proof of this I should watch dre_ dog-food shelvgs on Thurday. The o,nly day the shop ssi$ant hsd to rdll those ehelves,two orthree drns ws

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,8ped,foryou. As proofof dris he pointed'to thelabet. I ieid thew1t$,print carefully and saw that the cortents had been rpacked under eooked under high prwure and had been prescribed by Health Deparmrent tegrlations'. Eondjtions $gglmlng up, the assistant said 'In any case, it's better *ran

slrbiegtrrl&at irnwitting pnopagandist "df a shop eeoietett totd rne:th*t tinned dog food was cleatr and
:

,,.For, pegple who have never lived in Souttr Africa that neds erplaining. Staf Meat is what Vhites buy for their Slaek servagts. All butchers sell it. But you will nst qee,it hq{tgnry in the window. It's always right at dre. rear of tha

$taf Meat.'

*trop or in a back room.'Ilhangs.on hooks and has a colour

ranging from a pale yellow-white

to

reddish-brown.'I

:Mqt b,the cheapest in town'. And I have photographs to prove it. Telephone any Vhite housewife in South Africa a"d th. chsnces arg that she will most likely admit buying .$tefrMat for her Black senrants; If you point out that it is

wouldn?t feed it,to my dogi yet some butchers even boast about i3,1Yorl,can see signs in their windows: 'Our, Staff

Vith
wa$

Britain, the only people I had reatly liked or admirtd werc dwgys on.the other side. Tboetlemy" lhc dcqgotbeople. Tbe inteligpnt people. TbeSz all hated Pretoria ana despised apartheid. I had a good,brain; why hadnt.I slired this long ago? Yes, f was on the wrong side all right - but there rvas no way I was gping to let tlrat interfere with my life. It really was a case o{ I'm all right, Jack. Or; as the Blacks caustically mispronounce,it, 'Youlre all White, Jack.' The fact that my'begt friefrd, H. j. van den Bergtr, had fallen frorn power had nor affected my position as a spy. On the contfdry, my number one controlef,' Jack Kerrp, the head of South Africa's Counter-Intelligence Unit, had eadier assigned me to mount top-level propaganda attacks on Presiderrt lismlt Carter, lus Waslungron entourape iu general, and the CIA in particular. .Kemp told me I was doing this assignment at the personal request of the new Premier, Mr P, !(1. Botha, who loathed the Amaicmq.

qAgfu lugh and third-grade offal she will probably explain: man, what you people overseas don't seesr to understand is that our Black people ar,e differerr to the Blacks in your aouffry.'Ours like their rneat tough and ripe. They doo't golfor steaks, liver and chops bought by the Whites because ttrey say
,

Pretoria's help I had mounted some speqragqlat eq$i page smear attacks on suspected CIA agents in South Africa, so I was still goldor boy as far as the Botha rqine

,I

concerned.
a

was getting a monthly salary worth

; r,. ,

Citizm, including
to {3oo

it

haq no taste.'

That's the stock answer f got whenever I asted about Staff Slowly but surely, ahhough

Meat.

it took months, I

began,to

realize that all those regular pronorurcements made b'y rtap United Nations, whlch I equafly regularly denied is, print, .Iv,trfr tlug. Soqth Afripa rea$y-waq an uniust society.;But ,'one,cliagp tg,the"good life and wears ,blinkers becau$e it's Bainzu to facg the truth. Then other faqors raised doubts ih rrry mina. One was worfrpg for The Citigen.L was ge*ing sick of wiiting slanted stories for that propaganda rag.

Another tring. It slowly dawned oR me tfuat during.the irihoie of my spying career, whethex lin South Afnica'or

po, now raised My wife was the fashion editor of the lohannesburg Srar and earned nearly {3oo a rnonth. \Ve lived in a luxury penthouse flat with a garden, aod lif was so good that we easily stashed {5oo in our savings account every month. No, nothing was going to spoil that little bed ofroses. Then came the cnrnch. Cynthia Montwedi, the daughter of our Black maid Edith, was suddenly Aeiained Uf ttr" Secunty Policc. Edith came to rne in tears ana begged mq to help. Knowrng Cynthia had not the slightest interest in; politics I asked Edith if she knew where Cynthia was beilgp-., detained. Yes. fohn Vorster Square, she said. Oh my Qg That meant only one thing: Room loa6. I dashed to,trc phone and got through to V. P; 'Stevq' Le Roturi.one of
garaging costs. There was my BOSS salary
a month. Tax-free.

free car, all repairs, fubl, cleaning and

{rrooo frsm Thi

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".,,ryr ffi.S,bOrtdters borod'thers- YeC l$,,scid, rGeptQb : ,, fo&gfrt was'in ctrargedCyn&ians sse. Captain Arthtr
tj.lr:\
ti..,1 , !i r,i '.

.'

.,, : ' -r'.','

,ufS,hbnnesburg polic cir"ckg; known to all Blrcks as , rldriptlerrr because' during interrog&tion sessions, he'al*ays ,ee$rrtd of by boasting:ttist trc was dhectly related to Adolf

.'dlifuiitrt.r

knew

htri'illl. The rnost brutal'bmtardrin

r'Hitter's

Hitler. Gilovrright, who knew f was a BOSS operativen had :. ortce:told'rne he was nol redly related to Hitler. 'I only say '"'&t:,because it frightens the shit out of thern,' he orplained. I telephoned Cronwright and gave hirn ri guararnee drat i-ffithiarwas no Communist, adding that iflhe !*Bnted'to ..get any information out of;tt:efiltihight'be better to release her'and let me do an infitg*tion iob. No need to-take her to 1' ,,Roorn to36., ' ;' ' Cmodnss, rnan,' he said. ' Don't worry at all. If C5rnthia's ,llgiifter wor*s for 1ou, tell her that's good enough for us. r'',"l eill look after her fine. lfiou.can rest asbured of that.' ' ,,:-:'ffign Cynthia Montrvedi was released from detmtlon *rce lrrceks later, she kept well away from my flat. It was ' . lonly mo4ths later that mywife Wendy spoke to fier and heud somcthing she did not lik. \trfendy came straight back to :me and atleged:thdt Cynthia had been cruelly tdrftrd; .', i8fu'$ tyiagi' I'said. tNo; she is not,? ssid Vendy. ' lHow do you know?' I retaliated. 'You wern't there. , Vbu can't know what happened. I'm sur nothing happened i,to.trr, becauee Captain Cronwright promised me she uruutd ' "r 'be: looked.after.r At this point I must e:<plain that I had never told Wendy ther,lwas-a BOSS qgent Shc,rhad heard the rumous, but ,i,'[,ft{d mvtrioea ner"that they were all tripe. \Xrh,en it came l$ coirvihcing het that Cynthia had not been tomrred, howigrr6, strc. stood firrn. "That lcoman was tortured, arid if you 'don?t do something about it, I will.' ,: if,lre last thing I wanted was for Wendy to-get into'hot ' ,trlater, so I reluemntly agreed to talk to Cynthia. I set up a ,@pb',reeotder ln my flat, I sat C5rnthiri on ose chair and

Pick and Pay supermarket in Randburg. I live at rr4 Fifteenth Avenue, Alexandra Township, lohanrieoburg, with rny two young children, my mother-in-law, iArt
Johanna Montwedi, aged fifty-four, and rny brottrc*inrt*lru, Jewel Montwedi, agpd twenty-one.

ggsd ilretldf e pn,dnd nqtebtlok: *rril ordered her to write down everything Cyflthia {taid. Adopting otiurnoorri.procedure I gave Cynthia a hard tine-libht frorn the start and interroggted her fsr two hours nm.stop. I played every trick in the book to get hier to contradict herseli but I was wasting my dn6. This is a condensed version of her story. 'My name is Cynthia Morrtwedi, dagghter of Mrs Fdith Nkomo. I am aged wnry-eight ind work as a packer inthC

Sr-ady

& ,*irdlet;

rtr

'On 5 April 1978 Mr Roland Sibisi, a fri,erd of frlr husband Sam, wne to our'house with a pareel whidr.he placed on the kitchen tabl,e; The parcel blew up,and ldffi' him. My husband Sann, hearing the blrt, rea irway.altifi have rtot seo hkn sinoe. I do not believe hekne* any$hg abd,ut ttre bomb, othrwise he would not have atlo*uO if to be brought into the home, where our fwo.year-old son ws
elecping in his

their kicking, two or three more White security officrs entered the room and jnined in kicking urd punching me. on the body. At one stage, seven of t'he eight Whites we*u alt ki*ing me at once froni all sides. Then ttrey all *4,lkg{ otrt, teaving rnc with the two Bla* policemen, one n&irlmUUnga, a Zufu, snd tbe odrer,named Tsetsewa rl,:.1,.:*il'' 'Mr Mhlanga was eynrp*henic. He told me: "Ysr nust

:The Security Police rushed'rormd to our hofir a$d detained me along with Johanna gndrtewel. I was taksr alone to Room roz6 on the tenth floor. As I walked into Se rmm I saw four White Sectrrity Polie officers md two Black coastables. Without speaking the four Whites knockd me to rhe floor a$d kicked me round the room, taking carc, nst tokickme in the face" The two Black aoilstablesdidDs hit me. They iust stood and watcH. 'As I tried to run round the ffoor on all fuurs to escape

cot.

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teltr &*$,what,they wffi: tq,know. Theee meo'havs,bad hear.,torgsd,,they can kill.you if you don't.talk." ,r,'.':l rhen four of tbe Whitc eecurity men canre'back into the rqom gnd started asking ne questions for the first time. As th;y did so ftey hit me, They spoke tn English and never re6rcd to me by namej The,y called me bitch. One asked

.'. . , :ed,[:M

A 6lll!.r*,rn gOn.f.t ,r6l*,i.]

Jacoba, who,wa*,Iewisll, anfir ro *amirle me,.ttrelooked inro my ear with s$instrumnt arrd toldme ny q6r drum was perfurated. He askod,rne if I_ hdbg tsrttrred and I told him overytlring: I think he mustrhsVie

qned' I thinh

thewry&r to gct me a doctor. A Whiuidoctsr

lf ny hand had ever been put into a pan of boiling &t.

Another kept asking me

t;;

'

tiill,:
,:;:ri:':.,:,):

When I said I had not he said he had a parachute in John Vorster Square and that he would send for it. :' .-' , 'The'Whites left the room again and I asked one of the Black policemen to tel me what all tfuis,:talk about a para. chwe meant. The Black officer,told me that detainees had fallen out of the window there and that if I was going through the window I would need a parachute. ..'Fstu:hours later I was taken in a lift down to an under,Sfqttfld4nrage to a block of cells in another building. I was placed in a, cell with a coir mat and blanfets. A Coloured warder brought me food and the warder treated me well. .,rtTwo dayi later, shortly after 9 a.m. on Friday, 7 April r978i I was taken to Room rc26 again, and there was the Black officer named Tsetsewa and four White Securityoren. The lghitee,placed me on the floor and tied my arms under rny hnres. They placed a broomstick through my knees so I ad{d not ierk upright. Then they placed a canvas bag over my head, tying it round my neck so it did not fall off. I \eard a whirring noise and the next thing I felt-was water being dripped on the back of my neck. Then I felt seveml terrific:shocks. Pieces of metal touched my neck every time I felt the shock. Then some water was sprinkled on my bare feet and I felt. the metal again, f,ollo-wed by Sharp shocks tlrmoqt$hout,my body. I screamed but they kept on ihocking ine. lbey also shocked me on the insides of my elbows and
under my bare knees. oThey took the bag from my head and untied me. When f stood up and-'was helped out bf the msm one of the '[/hites punched me on the head causing it to bang against thgwall This gave me v,ery bad pain throughout the night

if l

had ever been in an aeroplane.

Bouwer's office with a cardboud box full of bmks over$ head. Mr Bouwer and another White seeurity man named Jordaan hit me on the elbows with a short sdck whenever

to thc tenth floor and made rne

physical violence on me again" Instead they

said something, becau$e the secrrity men did not

tct* me bade stand in1Mf FoUtiiil

*t

'They kept me standing with ttrat box over my head ftoft rr a.m. to 4 p.m., and tlren rrumed rne to rtty ctll. Nent day they took me back to the tenth floor and threuened to give me electric shocks again if I did not talk. S?hen I mid that I knew notlring and that'I had told them everyt$gg.l,

Iloweredmyarms.

,.,

'

over rny head for the whoh day until 4 p.m. Then rhey tsok me back to my eell. One hour larer, at 5 p.m.; ttriy made me stand to attcntion in the middle sf the roorn:i*{t* ff least rwo offigs there all the tirne to nrake sure I did not

anyway, they made me Starld urith tnro rclephone'direc.toti*,, '

'f stsod there from j p.m.IVednesday right rhmughthe night and the next two days and nights with only short 6i*sl* to go to the toiler or eat food from a tin plate. My fcet becarne so swollen that I had to take o,ff rny shoes. On
fainted from exhaustion, and ,the nxt thinc i rcmember was waking up in the hospital.sectisn of t!rc Ftrt Prison The same r$7hite doctsr, I thiqkrhis narne is lacdn, c&me to see nlq and whsr he saw thehate of mv bodv ani srryollen lqs he had me.transfer.red ro a,eell with a Uelt-. fte asked me if the Security Pdlice had torsured me. Biifore {, ans$4red iI asked him if hc wctrld tdl chsn what tr sai& He said.hc would not te! the police anything. So I told'hiil everyEhing. He seemed friendly and was kind. But then die Se$uity Polis ,eame .and tsld, sre dlat.tlre doctei'trad hours
.Saturdry

move.

ev-ening after standing there for more than se_vilrtty. ,:

.616

. rwslug

Boss

..l

rayed,me and'told *rccr everything. I:do not know'rif ,lhery;werc tdckinC me., tater a medical specialist carlre to rcfiSli4e me and he was'quhe kindlp I told him all about

.Cql Krog ta:find outif

,thest&te of my body. La@, when I felt much better I was :.&ken back to the cells io Jolm Vorster Square. This time I ,wgs *ell tfeated. They gave me a sponge mattress on the ' The food they gave me 'bed.in m5r cell and clean blan&ets. qbs good and there was plenty of it. :.:, 'While I was detained two Vhite magisffates calne to see if I had any complaints. One was named Steenkamp. Bottr ofthem took statements from me whu I'cottlplained about being tornrred. r 'After being held for ttrre weeks I was released:by the $ecuxity Police,' T'heytold tnethat if I evet breathed a'word to a soul about the tofture they would come and arrest me egain, and this time they would hold me for ever and I

tfse*orare and he gave de,pain-killing tablets when he saw

ehe tmd been,giiren the.rtolrsloshe' cletric,,$hoek tseatment. C,*rl one spied fonBQSS in Loudon arrd qn the Continent. He was a more so'phisdeated BOSS man, and we got on fine. He was angry when tr,told him about Crorluzright's stupidity and, after making disctecc inquiries, came back to me with,full confimration of what

Jewish doctor, thought by Cyrrthia to be named Jacobs, lud made some kind of official complaint about her conditim

eynthia had told me. The way Carl told the story,,tho

after he,had s<amined her at the,Fort Prlson. That wap why she had suddenly found herself being reated well and given. a soft sponge mattress on the b9d of her cell. When
I

would never see my children agBin.' : \ffhe[, Cyothia had told me all this I asked her what had hgppened ts her msther-in-law lohanna and her brothern"law Jewel, who had also been detained with her. . 1.I know that they, gave shock treatrnent to Jewel because he was in the room ne)ft to me when I was holding that cardboard box above my head. I heard him tgreaming eli'ery
,,

Cynthia left my home after.telling Vendy and me aborec'he terrible orperiences Wendy turnJel to rae-and asked me.lhat I was'going to do about it. . ' r,; ! !I'm going to defect from BOSS,' I told her. 1Wi;sc goigg'to,leave this country and I'm going to vrite a,M$ ,t, exposing the whole damned thing.' :' Vendy did not appear to be shoc$ed by my con{bdsltn to being a BO S E agent..Perhaps wives don't always belim

that to him. As for my mother-in-law, they shocked ht also, She told me so.' . I-was .particulady iinfuriated,by;oce aspect of Cynthia j',4qgrwe&ts $tory: t$e part where, on priday, 7 Apritr, at 'rxo a:lnrr ehe was being given electric shock treatrnent.'That tvqs,the time Captain Cronwqight had ldt Room roz6 to ar$wer the telephone. To speak to me - to tell rne th4 if Cvn*ria was a f,riend of mine I was not to wo!ry. 'Wetl lciok after her fine.' To make absolutely zure Cynthia was rtot:lyir to me I asked a friend sf mine in BOSS named

fEvu sscond$,in or*ctly the same way I had screamed when they gave me ttre shodrs, I did not actually see tewel being shocked but I am quite sure he was, because not only did I hoar,those scrornsr he told me later that they had'done

rnatter never carne to court. The government.,silemccd ";t: , Cynthia with a substantial oqt-of-court wttlenrent. Undr ' the terms of this she had to agree not to give ury statements on the subiect to the press. Or, to put it another way, taxpayers' money was used to stop Cynthia telling *re'.tar*.' ': ,:' payers the truth. ' r rr nould wVWg ,r ,,ii , Planning l4ulruEr llIJ my uslvulrull defection wwu called lvlfol DuvLvIIs69. subterfugs: ft
have been easy for me to ffy out of the cguntry. As a inan, I would never be monitored by the,B O S S unit based

,' i.'ii,.r'ri:ri' . ,, their husbands'cover-ups. Cynthia went to a trustworihy lanyer and moufltcdr'& :r:*t /;,rscn darnages action against the Minister of.Poliae; The ',:,i
,'

tnrsted
,:,,:,

l.i1.ill

11

':

at Johannesburg's Jqn Smuts airpolt. nut my big'problei* .,., ,: : 1.,;fr;ii:',1; ^. '"i I could never was getting my files out. Vithout tt-Iose ffls write a'book giving dates, fiames srd full details of all ,l events. Those files filled nine,large filing cabinets and cer tained every notebook I had usedr nu$bercd.from r to.gg$ from the day I started work as a iournalist. I also-had e

-t":i#

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-':
lliiwcirc''hthx+smd.ryrtrili dvitrg'thb.reaneq,addrutsee endr full:dotstvof' every pers9$'*'had epied on'during drqo irigfiperrr,yere. f,'he filee' *bor'onuinid dippirp:6f gvery' 'trtll l;hrd wriaeo arrd pryne,Eoroqo negatives of ervery i1erycon't'had,photographed, during my spying career. Ia , gddidon'to this I had dozems sf secret BOSS docgnent$' books, qies of repons and scrrcral letters intercepted by BOSS. Sometrow I had to get all this stuf or.rt of the '&t&rtf,ir.' ,:,'tdn6itpt O.r6tu*.was that I had to find a good exctrse to kave The Cirizee. BOSS would hcve beal'a.rspicious if{ sldocruy* gave up my iob as thei,r -c*eBropagandist. . ' 1rl:Tt6 solution came one nigltag I'n'a$ havlng dinner with :ur ota London frieod" \lriilie,'Srnith. He rold Wendy and me a funnv story aborn rwo ctooks who were touring Sorath Atibs in *:fl"*rv American car. These trro men were calling pla*"&,WhryG .arrns and conning farrners that &ey were nine to Dublish a book eotitled tlte lVlto's Wa at South AJrAs, Fartners. They were pulling about f,3o from anery *itr" *tey stopped f,t: not bad money for ten minutes' talking. ;q,s WiUie told rhis story I realizcd this would bea good oover $tory br rne to use when-rsig1rnq from Tlu Chieen I $bnt ts alacryer and asked him to find out if anyone had {p'did for the trade nark for a Fmnerc' Wlo's Wn. Surp'risinety, nobody had thought of it - surprising because ,*lrg,e.are rnore *tan 68'000 registered farmers in-' South $&ica end.at least roo,ooo large plot ownrs. . ' As soon as I obtained the trade mark I sold it to a young Johannesburg advocate named -Roland' Ackerman for [1r1crr,and he ie now bdrnsiryotut,the Wu's W]m: -.,;,I. m* out another trade rnark in the na*e Tlu Vho's *W ;" Satth Afticar s FnnW A*ncrtrJ4 left Tlu Citizn and set up a @mPany to bring out a largB and srrish " reffetablt'book containingthe names arid colour photo-, grsphs of drc top roo farmers in Sotrth Afi'ica. The multiiiliionaire foimers, who ltrye thousands of acres, c@play
,,

A cEiLD rs,rtoeu. 6rgi

'

.'.,J.

joo to 600 B1sck fem laborer&, brryitractoffi in lots sf tec

and.fly round their properties in.private. xircra$; The: idea was that I would interview each:gf these farrrers abo$t,the history of his farm, take flattering colour photographs of him with hiS,prize,bulls, and then charge hin a substantial sum for wery page he wanted in the book. This would'havc,
raised ai teaii {roo,ooo; addd ts ttris was a guaraarted {roorooo I would have got from advertising revenue. AII *re top fertili?er compbnies, banks, fanning implement manufacfirrers, seed producers and dremical cornpaniet were mad keen to buy space. One fertilizer company even offered me {ro,ooo if I would write a glowing ttree.pagg 'history' of their achievernents in South Africa as a pub* licity 'puff instead of'them buy.ing ordinary advertisirry

'trt really was a fabulous idea which would clearly have made a fornrne. My bank manager guaranteed l.nrqdd rnake at least half a million profit over s ffia-lear period*: Otre year to interview the hundred Fp famrers,8id:.9ll year to bring out the book. Even.H. I. van den Bergh was keen on ttre scheme and gave me introductions to, swrel wealthy A{rikaner farmers who, he said, would.be'ftuiotx if they were left out of such a prestige publication. i Being the kind of opportunist that I arn, tr was sorely tempted to stay in South Africa and'drop the idea oJdefect* ing. Far better to make:a lot of money and give some to Cynthia Mqntwedi and her family, I reasbrred. When I. suggested to'Wendy that we,should stay in South Altie and make our forrune, her answer was sbort and to the point. - 'Money will never buy you self-respect. If you stay,

E)ace.

'

'

In my heart I knew she,wes right. So we went andrleft that potential fornrne behind. Vendy sent all my files out of the country in fourteen sea trunks under her maidgo 'l name. \V6lefiJan Smuts airport separately. Wendy csryid.' my mos3 valuable BOSS documents in her trandlag",e$d

go,',

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Is BoRN. @!:

,shtt*lt' l*fl!:nfo
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this
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book
:

&e{hctEldr peds of:bcr errcrai &lt i'as Guy. Weflcw to Paris and I smred n'orkoc

CoAooiaiog t"i* our arriwl' ltitf qf i;.*y Thorpe wits coacluded'. .&! Thorpg, his .Or-rrei UUo"i Party trea$urer,'Mr David Holmes, carpet g f* Mr-John le Mesurier, and gaming machine opef,ator to

']:

ln Europe the highly

publicid

Deakin were found not 8uilqy of oonspiring ourder male.model Norman Scon. ' only one comment I want to mate on tl*'.Qlil ,-'* .nraUtluiaf. Th. *ott important 'Cnoirn witnes agairtst ilf" fircrp" was his formei'&'teild Mr Petgr gessdl' who was tlt" Liberal MP for Bodmin from 1964 to r9?9' Mr g&"[ who was flown from America to giye a{dertce *a*,-umte 'very aamaging allqatiorrs against Je{ETy ,$t&e, Sut the-iury at thai trial was trot aware of all th9 .ffi;'Thcre was o.ni astooishing ttring they wre not told ebot$ Mr Peter Bestell. ,;;{rffi; gesseu''white he was an MP, wm secretlr-T thg 9l$ isettt of *r. A*"*can CIA.* Hewas recrtited by i;;*7,and he not only collected infomatioogbout Britieh for t6e CIA; he caffied otrt special resignrents 'On "ofiii"li* ttott ou"tt"o and also in Asrerica" I was not only told *ris quitb catege*cally by the head-of BO S S' Gelreral H' I' *an.i* Bergh' tut atso heara it from impeccable sources top level in Britainat -J'I &iffi,understaad how ttre fact that Mr Peter Bsse[ : *s$ a CIA agent c:une to be suppressed q tngp$ Baikf hearing. I kn6'w that several legal men involved in that cryry : were well awale of it .Bu-q wbat acquitted' was Thorpe ttrat Itlra;; s Jeremy not theil him?'Would'he agsinst had-gone v'erUia *ie If thamhe knomn had if he hwehad vatid grounds to complain rfiost Atm"gin! Cmwn witness against him was a CIA

'ltilctorgi

. ThbF- is e qgcetiorr that lrds to,be'a*e4, ipd l hgpe,it will:haveocqlrred to many people as dry'. rtad thb book De the intelligenaq,outfits in ottrer sountri,en.,gei'lip'" the same kind of,tricksr smear techniqges, lies, di$*.rtiqqsi diqinforrration aad deceit as those used by BfISS? ":r..';: The tsst word rnust surely go to my forrner sey{Aa$Fq and mentor, General $. f. van den Bergh. I knour eq{clly what he would say: 'Tbey'd be snrpid if they didn't.'

.11'j

:ii

ogsnt?

*cofI. Mr Besseu'in fact deaied on oath in the cnurt'prtceedingut n;t"t"i"t his denial, that he has evcr been asgociated in any way
""d with the CIA.

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Babotie,6z
American Lawyera' Committee, 43t' 433-4 American SocitY of ^d$icsn . Bock, Ilarry, 552 Bahiger, zo3 Banks, John, S33Jl, 3,44 Bangue Louis Dreyfug, 5ol Bantu Affairs Dept, zz1; 226 Baragwanath tlospial, 66-2, Bardien, Toufie, r99 Barnard, Barbara, 49r-a B:rrnard, Chdsr 4gr-z Basson, Nic, 3zr Beaumont, Lord Timothp 472 Becker, Theresia, zzz Beichman, Amold' 8r-z Beira, Pam, r5-r8 Belford, Don, 534 Benenson, Petet, zt7 Benjamin, Funi, r5e5z Bennioo, Elizabeth, :86 Bennion, Francis, 38r, 383-6r Bennun, Mervyn, 348 Benson, Mary, r38 Berbcrabtz, Gunnel, 389 Berman, Maimier 33 Berman, Monty, 57r Bemard Van Leer Foundation, Berinstein, Lionel (Rugty),
253 494
390

'

, i.a:#il;'

Black C;onmgnqry Prq$sql, 432

Bladc Pesddo onvegtic.4, 43a Bkckburn, Normsn, go8, tg6 Blass, Bernie,

'Abby Ufe Assr$aoce,294 :'

,Atbdlffii'Eric;

Ackcrman, R,618 Aqoxn House, r83 Adgmsl Joyce, 248

!2e2t

'

il;$$ ;jffi:'
;i,

?:ii r*

,,'.,.rr'#i.
't,|.:i;i

27r-z

Culture,438 Amnesty International,

'Blonde spyi 3I5 Bloom, Harryr 348

Bloomberg, Sarrg 3o8 Boddie, Don, 34o, 375 Boilermakers' Unioni j75 Bolt, Rob6rtr.176 Bofus, J., r53 Bond" Bonzo, 297 Boaman, lvlarianne5 268-82. ..,i' 8qshoff, Johanness Jol Botha (ctriefwerder! tltrt tS4 Botha6 Gegrge, 58r , ., . Botha, Judge, D, H., q42 Botha, 'Pik'R. F.r 45a Botha, P. V., zor, z;l5" aJti;t 295, 454'537t j{Ze ! 1,, '
l

Ader, Daver 4954

Adler, Iosier 497 Africa Sorth Slz

2t4-24' 297t 3o?r 322

572

Africa Sottth

k Erih'

African-Americarr Institute,

AftkwQomwds6368

&74,433,437,439

Aftican National Congrees,

5zr 6ot 7rt 1Xr 77t r24, r7g, r94, 232, 24t-4t 3p3 3r$ 3aZ-3o, 35r, 365,

g,35, et

tn

l\fiicen Resistance . '.42r'93r 99t 432t 57r

Affiaqfl Voire,55o
llftonbladet, 8z'

43ot 579. 592

Anderson, Colonel, 558 Anglo-American Corporation, 37' 323, 462 Anelo-Zanzibar Societyr 332 ANGOLA, 527,534D 577 trgold, Fik, Tlu' 544 Angolan war, 543-5 .{ngry Brigade, 4r8 'Annetjie' (agent), 316 Anthd, Dr Jossi, 3zz Anti-Apartheid Movement, 84t r74, t78r 2Or, 2981 3O3: 33r,

Beetge, Jannie, 48o-8r Behrens, Heinz,27, 5r5i, 5ar

.African Tertile rlforkers' Union, zo

Agee, Pbilip,4r3 Ageace France Presse, 432

Anti-Apanheid Novts, z3o' 334t

376

35o,4r8, 473t 57o

6o6,

6rr

Bor.swANA, t6,

Anti-Communist Movernentr J27 Anti-Demonstration Association,

Anti-Semitism,8542
Apartheid, 46,49, ?25
Apostolic Churdt, 257 Arab Palestine Resisance, 574

3c,6

fuBncv for International Dwelopment,43T Alotandn, Prinessr 4zr Nexandra Township, 34' 6t3
ALGERTA, 569
17 !

Argintine, 452t 5r9

t 2IO, 245t

432,

Algerian R0volutionary Council,

Ali, Muhammadr zro-rl Ali, Tsriq,4r7

Alienc Act, 88 *lkn' GeoG 4s9 : Allcn International, 4rr 'Amatanr Athletics Association,
2to5

245

Argus Group, 352'388 Arouca, Dr D., 549 asre (South-East), r7r Asmal, Kader' 378

Berry, Alan, 389

Bessell, Feter, 397, 4oor4o7,

", rorr Bouwer, A. H. ('Alf'),45r zz4, z8tr 2gor 3ot,3o3t SrSt 3Et 327> 3z9t 344t 352, !69, 38r, 388, 4ca, 4\6t 4r,8, @ 472t 59 Bouwerr.Audreyn a84 4o9.. . r, Bouwer, Cheeta, r5;o-5r Bouwer, Robbie, 59o, 615 Bracken, Eddie,4r8 ' Bradbury, L (' Johnny:), BRAZILT4S2
Brazil Herald, zz3
Breytenbachr.J8ttr,546 Brg4en!ap[, Y-olq4de,

'553

3o,,

72, 75, tTot

,:"

AMBBIcA, t"7r 84,

lJl

Aspin, Irslic, 53c-32' 544 Aspinell, Tfevor, 455t 53r Attieh, Rafrrr 5o5, 5o9 Aubrey, Richard, r3r' r34, 136 Aucamp, Brigadier J., rI9. .' Aucamp, Jen Ouniot), 458 Austin, Bunny, 297
AUSTRALTAT 2O.4, 3t7, 337, 489' 527 AUSTRIA, 5r5, 516

457,620 Bethal trial, 585 Beyleveld, Piet, ro5, ro8-ro Bhanabai, Basil ('Bhana'), 3r5,
592
BTAFRA, ?961 542

Brando, Marlon, 176

t35.V' t39*4r, I5a:.5I, IJi4

,,.t 546 i; .:.1. i:

Breytenbach, Breytcn, 546

Biggs-Davison, John, un,

'

t7t,

zo4t 337,

33r-2 Biko, Mrs Ntsiki,

British Aircqft Corporationr. British Broadcasting Corporation, t78, 3rg, 4g2j,

456-8, 46o, 467, 47or 577

3821 43o' 525t 527' 53o,544, 588

Biko, Steve, 4j3,482, Bitkby, Carel, 554 Bjene, Eric' 83

599

Sni

574

'11',:

i .', t ,'' -' ..',:,1": '',;, ',, '-1 ' ,., ' .i. i r:. ' .,,1
:

rNDSx.
Citizn,:1,fta;134n 3380 l4iii' :'r 47442i SoailJirSr. 5)iz, 5a8,

6,Ar,

I.l

R**,,as: ,.,,::F ,,.,,,'-.,&4,: .i. i" .r . : .i,ll I

,C&;i

CanrBbe&'Bifauyrgo4-|
Campus spresr 345-Jo
C-ape

:'

:'.r-

cosEq
Cotter,

!/illim,427-8

4t8

r'ii

i'

'

Fffif* {ien&crrq' t84,

,

.: "i ,:".,',

:ifr+oi

7Vt, rSAt' p,

zrtqi-,'
:
,

363,381*dr.

1'f'' 44t-2'

46ff;'
:

Coloirrcds, rJ6 Cape Tltllp.s, rS8, rgE, 579

ceNeoe, 5$ 3!7,cfu,
Cape Toqrn' 156 Cdstll,,

536 539, 54741 553' 576 Civil Senice Club,258 Clark, Mike, 35j
Cleaver, Percy, 553

Cn-unter Information Sanriceot

. : bAe oko Speeial Brqrdr)''' Srockway, Fenocrrll^?t gl7 Brdbi; leDcr (tow'

527,532-{, 568

Cqi'ftut
Carlfulc,

Mut, j76

t62-3

Broederbond' thc' uo-*7, t33, Ambassador)' zr8 Brooke, Yolande, 329 Brookes, Ann, j3lo-32

Carnegie Corporation, 438

Club of Ten, 334-4r, 426, 47g, 49r Cocke, Erle,486

Coetzee, Danny, r5r Coetzee, Johan, 45, 59, C,oetzer, I.P.r 34z

Cousins, }Jarcy,426

Corrtiour, Roger, 456-9r, 4qo

Gover addressesr r73-r4

Counter-Intelligcnce unit lof BOSS)' 4s, so,3z9t 6rr

323-4

"'

.;:,.w:i,:
:,,):i::)t::.:
.:

:,lt.t:.

Car radio recciver, r73 Carr, Robert, Mt.,321 Carter, Jimmy, +Ar 484 486, '.
Cagsem, Olmr; ert Castle, Be?bar& 4rE Catholicrs, 8&

Cockcroft, Peter, 379

6rr

ij3

Cowley, Morris5 $3-4 Cranbrook, Earl and Countess,

244

'li
.1.

j:
'r

"'

Brooh, tPiilianr,
Brown's Garap

Bnrcc, Gordoir;a82

574 4o3

Casfio, Fidcl, zo9 ''

Cohn, Gerhardr 343 Cohn, Gertrude, 343 Collets Bookshop, r74, 388 Collins, C.anon John, 3r, 65,
2O4,

Crang, Mary, r8r Craven, Dr Danie, 3r3 Creamer, Roy, 4r9 Crichct Consphacat, The, 392 Crozer, Brian, t7o-7t, 544

l:
tr::

:;!l

Brummer, }lgm,t4??r42g'''

Cathloic H*a|d,343

2t7, 243, 277, 279-8c,,

Cronwright, Arthur, 5gg, 6tz,

Brunrq Dcrmis; r9r, 2oot ' ?ot-r'trer?n 258t ttz' 3t5,

Cavill, Ann (Mrs Jus$r

294
Col,oured People's Congress, r79 Coloureds, 48, r5t7 Columbia Printers, Holborn, 35r Commine Engine Fourtdation,

5r6 ".

i,'

:,.:,,"}'

'r$,3:5?4

HelLusthl roE-9

Cry Tlu Belooed Country,3zo

cuBA, 2ogr, 223, 432, S4r|r 5@ Qsadill, John, 352_3 Cunningham, James, 54r Curlewis, Mr Justice, 587

..,-

Bnmrq Mrtna, tgtttg6rznl

Druar&Wllftidj 8runrs;

Enrtus, Men zo4

r*z,o+ze&
!

Csvill, Iohn, 22o CBS Ncws,432 Ccr*ml Offce df Informatioo,

268

l,.t

'li?'
1,.
,,.1,,.

Futib; Stcphen' zzo &rc$rtgbam Palece, l8r-z Bur$coarr Partor Fierre' al7 Miqir:Fctcr add Brign, 348 8urrting, Rebecca' 348' Brinti4i, Scrtje.' z7?' 3491 351 Bunting' S. P.' 348 Bureau of Strte.ScqnltY, forrration of, zt3, iz44 Burleigh, Glynnis, 93, 98

,,

3t-3' 356" 365,367

Chamberr, !?hiteker, r47 Chamile, Andries,6j

Comrnission for Racial Equality,

333

$8

Curran, Sir Charles, 456

CYPRUS,

'.'*'
') !,tl ':i: ,

r7r

cHANNBL tsLANDs,489
Cheeseman, Frcd.' Chinese

cHrNA, r5g, r8o, 54\ 5;57t 569

47e7z

(in SA),48, 16r

Communist Peace Medal, zo Communist votersr 4rg Compol, 233

czBcHosLovA'(',P,r T4
Dadoo, Dr Yusuf, 3c, S9z Daily Dispatch,4Sz

t',,.
';:.'.,,

Chipenda, Daniel, 537 Chitenda, Man, 564 'Choc Eleven" 537 Chon Hing, 159-6o Christian Aetion, zg44

Comrde, The,333 Concilium (BOSS HQ), zr3

Concordia Development

Daily Eqess, 237, 32g, 47r, Daily Mdl, 244" 307-8, 33t Daily Minor, r83, r88, 363,
535

-Ncnaqualand, t32, rg4, T4r Conflict Studies, t7o

Burni4rurctrill'

Georgp,

Buthelezi, Chief Grtrhe' . .49?t4'r-r 6o8l' : :r' ' Butki' Sydney' r5o' r53 Buys, C, L, t3?, Sgt-,6 Bye!g,' Ibrd (Franh)r"4o6-7
Gaetano, Dr M.r 364 C,sllaghan, Jrrncar MPr 375 Calhn, slonel'r J3t4-6

t2r-2

Christian League of Sorth Africa, jz8-3o,'j3o Christopher Robert & Cr'., 3el Churcfi, Serrator Frank, 169r CI A (Central Intelligence Agency), t1g, t+7t, t84-7,
zo8, zt4-t6, zzo,2961 345, 4r3, 428-4r, 483-4, 5o4,
538, 54o,

coNGo, t7t,5Q

Ddty

452

skeuh,

Coirgress of Democrsts, ro2

Connolly, John,357 Conradie, Abe, rJZ-8 Conservative Party, 4ro Constantine, leary, zro
Contacto Zza

Dqily Telegapb 163, 33rr39r,

454t 534 Dale Carnegie (SA) Ltd, SSr
Das

*g

Ka?ital,494

5444t

552a 557t

Cinderella Prison, 7:,4

Cillie, Mr Justioc, rz8

57t,6tt,620

'

Conway Hall, r74 Coolg James, 3r4 Cook, Stuart, 298, 3oo Cook, Thelma, 3r5 Coronationville Township, 6o

Davies,Bernard, 4o4 Davis, Reverend Don, 257 Deakin, George, 6zo

Dean, Malcobnr'3o6 Deas, Sue, tirzzd De Beer, Eugenc,286-8

l:' !,'
:,lt
.

De Boers, ?2$ 462

.::i,,
;'.i

it,

!::i'r.'

"-S$aNdci&:V.4;{!!' .:i': Fe Sro$h{r,&rieiart, Ai3 "

PtfbgdCryrpalsar
,De

rj

'\ Dnrmnood, Martene, l+g

Dnrnmondr Melv1,n,449 Drury, Keni z916
Dube Vilagq Soweto,68

'... - ,:,

' .'': ::i.:. . 'r ,

lla.Bruyr4 Hema, aro Defene Force (SA), 543,566'

Feacr;dga of }{$eef Pqinrnt! ' and.Dgsr&tor8, atr Feraadier, Anro.4rq, S4r

mcud, CkscoE *tEr 47z Ir'fiednlini, Ilorn Er-+

me

llr'.,ii'.;

Chatlest De Jiger, Breggie,4Tr 'De Keyser, Ethel' 34+ 358, t89 De Kock, Joy (also JoY Mqcdotnald)' 15-16 De Kokr' SPike' 3r3-r4 De Lissovoy, lgterr 17

Gslei

]92!t r7r '

'

Duggrd, Prof. J.,6o5

tri Ferrcira, Ib,nel,55r

Ferila$de#Vima

Du Plessis, 'Dr4)e', t47, l49t I5I_3 Du Plessis, J. D., 58r Du Preez, Ben (alias Scauss)'
Dutch Reformed Church, ro4 Du Toit, Pat, r47J

FIFA,

Ferreira, Lieutenea\ ?4t 23! Ferronha, Dr Antonio, S5r Ferus, Johnn zzt-3
zoo

f;rleadloe rryer, I-)tcctive Sergeaot 4r4-r5' FUMO,,549,

Fyeh, David,3?9

qf&fib,ase

55r

?elport, Vlok,

337

Financial Times, t83, zt4 First, Julius, 3r First, Ruttr, sze Slovo, Ruth
.

Qaitakellr HrUh, ejz Gand4r, L O, V.r-rrg, rz3t

r28

Dernqcrstic Aati-Demo , Otgsqizetionr 3T2

DaNMARK, 83' 85

EAsr BBRLIN|zor3r;2t4
EAST

Deqnct, Johnr 575 De Oliveits, A. N. R.' 54r DepgrFttcot of Neriwl

GERM/WY|2or242 Ebbete, Lesley, 394 Ecorcnist, The, tTl Eslin, Colia, me,42741 436t
Ego, Prosper J., 485 Elago, Matheus, 566 Ennals, David, r9r, 398 Ennals, John, 358 Enthoven, Martin, zzz

Fisctrer, Bram, ec, ror-t3, r4j-8, zo3, 254,347

Guoer, Daier.r83

Ganga, Jean Claude. zoa -

I :,

Fischer, Molly, I47 Flynn, Terence,297

LadyG,244 !a$ryott""{y, (ieldenhuys, Mike,

45, 416 _4P7+t 437t 439, 562 Geller, Uri, 176
:

'$esirritt.(84)' 225 ' I,rbchoux,, Dddnique' i39-4o

Deonond, C,omas, 2lY2a
Deutscfrc

43Hr

FOMACO,553

III--4,

-:r-+, s3z, s4o, s43

Genenl LawArnendmt Ac$

Georgiades, P., j3S German Intelligence, GERMANY, tgb

Fonda, Jane, 176

Prtts Agenur, z7

Foot, Michael, Mp, 24 Ford Foundationr 43T Ford, Sam, r35.

Foreign Preos A,ssociatio+
r8o-.8ar

Geds, D" K., r98

57

,
3!t,

,,

Deueche Vclle, 5?7 De Vater, N. V. D.r 4or

Dc'Villiers,

Dwlin,

l. L'

Eprile, Cecil, 156, r59, 169

595-7

t82, tBS,321.
Equity (actors' unioa), r78' Era$nus Commissioo, 5z3t 529t

Bernadette

(McAliskey),328 De Vries, Baeil, r97 De Wet, Dr Carel,489 Diamond brlbes, r?7 Dkk' Nancy, zr9
.
.

Forcign Student Leadership Pmgram,438 Fort Hare, 2o3, z4r,243,

435

4zr

j6t ^ 5r8, 525, Sz7, 537, 54+ . Gcrrar4 Johq fZ8 ::

Gestapo,

4t7t

221:2t 337t g45t g54n 414r.,

43o'

2j, tot, Z*,,.

{41}"

443,48$ 4Sfr:SI{;

5584
Escape route, 75 ETHIOPIA, 252, Evans,

"Sr,

Dh

Bnrgcr,

'
.

Diedericlrs' Dr N., 5o3, 5ro-t2,

t9t

Etsinger, Jan, zz3

&T

439

JiIl, 1854,

236, 2,14,

27Or 2741

29t,395, 472

JI6

-Diederidrs, Diogo, Tony, 547

Nio funior,
zt9

Evenhry N ezos, 34o, 373, 37

54:

5rz

DiscuM

PeoPIc,

Division Cl of BOSS' f Dini Tricks'), 237,3@

Exeter Uaivergity, 34E Expasen (Swe.den)r 3zz

47r

Fouche, H.r 598 Fourie, j., 167 FnANCE, 17,2O4t 3t7t 4r7t 432, 486,5v1, S25t 53;7t S6ot
544

Fort hison, tzz, t38r r4j-54 Fortuin, Bill, zg7 Forum !florld Featurcr, r5g r68-7tr 3zG7, Su

Gluclvnan,

Gilbert, Vic,4r9 Gillis, Judge Bemard, 39r Glasgozl Heradr 3gt.' Gloy, J. H." S93

Ghana, tSg, SgB Gibson, Richardr 43r-a

85

Fair Play for Cuba

Dolphin Sqnare, t67' ?or Dor Saqtw, Dr Msicelino, Do$olavskyr 4r

Dovaston, Roy' 526 'DrcyeB Ertk,85
P61sq

rl

t8r-zrzg3'264

Ttaiiititu, r55r t59r

'

Fairer-Srnith, John, 3o,p, 3rz Falling I-eaves, the, Zr 'False-flag' spies, 345 False passports, 44u:7

Committee, 432

FRELIMO, V"
537,54o

Franco, Francisco, r7r Franz, Mora,y,68 Frescq F. fLr 295 Frasen Roanie, r7g Fraser" $an&, jj4
548-So

Goldberg, S., zr7 Golden Rmdezomsr 5z3

Goldblatt, Frede, 348 Goldblatt, Jobn, r83, zr4 Goldberg, Denis, 253, zj5 --

DrJ., rzezt

Golding P[iljp, z3r-4

Golding, $Tinifred,

qqq*i+,

z3

r
,

Firnon, Jeremiatr,273 Featber, Vic, 57j

yrencn-'Iutclllgrncer44tr46.6,

Fretrch, Rogcr,r 376

Goldrcich, Hs?el, \tolclrelcn, ilAzel,

Arthpr,32,253

Gazetu,4i' 9yt:W GRAB 5.{o

Goodwio,'B9by Facel,,fm.,l ,.. i,.

32-3

i...:..' \: j:.a:rl4:ii:,

,la.., ' ,i,.,lr ' ; , : - .:,.

ir:.,

',. : i.

::.

'&8 * rNslx
Grary (csctpceL 146; -Gd'ter

'
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52+

:rNDgx;l 6l&
ggF92
:

Ocnd Rixr loermcsburgr

Ifcbemann traucatloirgt goots,

205

_H'trnrn $igbts f,orrrriuee, Humanttiee P:,oiect, 333

rra

Iearccm,

Sietowood; Emie, 375 Grevling (warder), r48 Grimond, lo, z5z - Grobbelaer, Blaar, roz (flotdiatt, r83, zr8, 3c6,, 3zr, g28' 3?6, 363, 37 5, 38Q7,
530

Unaon cmrncil, r74 ennfq+,sali:138, 4r7 I. :'

Hancl Hctnpstead Ecln, 343

-

Henderson, Di*id, 176 Ileperor Roland, jr5-22

'

Huurphry, Dereftr

JlunUoUt Ferbvnhip, 565 Humpbreye, John, zr9

36lz

Isarmrn, Geidd.

Isgsct,

ISGOR,

raa

Sog

TSRABL 86,

g;

Hepplc, Bob,253,347 Herbstein, Dennis, r83

ICARIS,

zo4

Herf, Hans, 5o5,

Hesse,

5o8

Herrmsnn, Frank, 39r

Hesketh, Lord, 54o

4rrr'42t' 4254, 459' 4684,

Fritz, r5r

Heysteck, Capain A. M.,

Gustd;an (South Africa)' a4g 'Gldknore, Jose, see Roberto, H. GUINBA, 538

H. F..Venroerd hospital, r13 ' Hiemstra, Mr Justihe, r3o '

5g

'

Ilika,

Gmede, Isaac, rz9

Hain, P.eter, roor.2ro, 3o5t
,

Fr.anrs, r3o Hfllmore, Peterr 468-9 Himmler, Heinrich,36

48o, 606 Inacio, Hermino, 277 Indian Congess (SA), r79 Indian government, 256 Indians (in SAL +8 INDONBSIA, 223 Inforniation Departrnent, 68,

Immigration Law,88 Imrnoratity Act, x6 2or 48, ro3,

&, 467 rwcstta, I7o ITALyT 245t 3t7; l'z7 : : ..

Jacobs, Dr, 615 Jacobsen, Henry, 589 Jacobsen, Quentiri, r83,
589-9,2

Israeli Intclligene,

ztg,

1zg

"

t: i.'.'.1 .

,]i,,

JAMA.ICA,3g6
Jamesons

..

.,, i:
'.

l::ir'; r'

l,:,:r!,;,

r77,558

Jardimo Jorge, SSo

Derek,237 JAPAN, r33t 3r7t 331 -

. " . ')tli
.:).::..fit"

Ilain, AldeJaiae,37os 39r.

Ilipkin, John,

gp-gg, 46o:-42t 4644' llein, Sally, 387.

Hrin,:Velter, 37o

49

Hitchcock, B.
308

!f. D. ('Bob'),
jj,86, 88
:

333

'

Information Scandal', 339, KwaZulu),435

515-25, 558 I"k"tt,n Movement (of

Inyide thb Cottpoty.

Jardine, David, lZ6 Jelliman, Elsa, 3S9 \ Jesus, r93 Jcwish Boerd of Deputieer 8S

.
i

I /'lirl:l

:'. . iti.i

Hitchins, Laura, 65

Hitler, Adolf, r9,

Innes, Colonel, 555

.Lftin.Prcsecartion'Fun4 $S Ilaii, Mwadini, 333

Ilain Defence Fund,

393

Hit

ft*llctti

George, 364-5
167

Haoilton, Charlgtte,

magazine,4Sr Hoare, Colonel Mike, 542 Hodgson, 'lack', z9-32, 5gz Hodgson, Rica, 3r-2, 2'lll2 zlit

Diary,4r3

A CIA

lettish Chronicle (SA), 88 'Jewish Pmblcur', the, 87

Jewr, 85-92, 38o tohamcsburg Stats zg5 ro3ir x5& 2'/l,i!{o; Jg27 4g8' 61:,,,.i; , I jolatmesburg Swdqt', ?{rnffij aa, 8r, 82, ro8, ge/z;.9!2;,9621, :t.
Johnson, Lyndon, 187.

i.,';'3rl
,t.r'!..1'!\:t.

Hammer and SiCkle frles' 4r7

I:taWsted wtrl' Higrgato Exttax, g43

Ilanson, Mr, 5o6
Hansard (SA), 36

349,353 Hoefling, Rita, 483-4 HoLLAND, 2o4t !37i n7g, 486t

Holmes, David, 6zo Holmes, Edwardr 4z8-9
522, 525, 527

Institute for the Study of Conflict, r7o-7t,32t Institute ofRace Relations, 3ez,
6o5

. 'rlii,:11 : i;:i!:l;irii

':l:J)iilil
'I

'tL'iixl}
;l{i:*i.'
r,,i':i,'.l;:

Machine Ltd (IBM),323 International Coun of,Justice,

2c,9

International Business

5t5, 52r, 554

r'.::tjli4'

Johnson, M. A. ('Jobnny'),

22-4,261, rr4-t5, rz6;

r6E,
'
).

Ilardy, Peter, $5 Iihfgraves, J. A., 575

Fl{rtnelr'' Michael, z9

Hamn, Imam A., 582

,

HoNG KoNG, t34, r'g, 42t4 'Honorary White', 339 HooleS Frank, ttr, zro Hooson, Emlyn, v.P,4ofuT

International Ddence and Aid Fund, 9, 3r,65, z,q, zg4, International Red Cross, 6o4 International School, Prague,
74

236, 3o5, 3g3, 4zzt 45r, 476; Jokell, Victor, 3zz Jones, Gerald T. V.r 288 Jones, Jack, 575 Jordan, Paul, 376 Jordan, V. R., S5z Joseph, Psul, z9J Joubert, Fritz, r8r-z Joubert, Marie, 3or
Joycer Jones, Rosie, 288 Jordaan, J. 599, 615

5t7t521'523

. '

:i.

'r'1
.;

1"!\:,,
),n::.'j

349,35r' 353' 359' 582

.,t:.1\.1:t;

jBl:;'i
.l

Ilarris, Jarnes ('Ted'), 438' 'I{smb, John, 94-roo I&irris, rPopeye', r5r
Hg;rvafd University, 17

Haron, Mrs

G,

583

Ilope Lerecc.hc & Sayle, ro Iloqse attest, 6r House of Commo4s, r8z

Howarth, Gerald, 382-5, 39o

International Student

Huclfeld, Leslie, ur,

,188

337

Internatiolal Univenity
Exctnnge Fund, 564, 569 Imtitation to South Africo,335

Conference, 438

Ilatqngh" G., 598 flawkins, Arme, r8z

;

Hugo, Eugene and Margaret,

Huisemeo, Frikkie, z7S4 Huisamcn, Gideon, 27 5-6, 27g,

Il*vtrcyr Cbafls, t?6;575

lRA,

2J77, 383,

,H*zdhtrot"' Petg' r' 252

33r Ilcstb, Edwatrdi ,$P; ?27

IRAN, 2?3
TRELANb,

4iz, 482, S3.3

Ikkyr'Dedsitgti,

zlz

.'

:260, 378

z7i, it:L

. .",.,.1jri Kai, Mr Ho Ghee, 159-6r "

Kajee, Abmcd,3or

steu4

a&

Human Rights Commiseion, z6z

34\343t

tr{Dtx ..frr
fl{&J,*{,iff nFltl4tt'f
.

i'+.. r!!l
'.)

S,rErlt(,rr J{lt ,sBffru$ Slienrr'g+g .;t t'r:!t!t-' n^r-:i r^

rKANU/${g;lr

r"Fli$ lFrd.t''i6z-{'' ErMclraie'r{6?

KoSWv,qnd*ti*,ai:6ra+rlt
1ftsy t!rjrtr'x,1l, i''r'

6r7n

:-'

:.

iitlit,

XssrilB, Ronnie' 349 Ks{hfadl, Abmed ( Kathy)'

Krog, A. J:; !39' Krog, C,arl, 617 Krugpr, Jimmy, 2381262,

Jgcohrs'

'. ,: ,' I 1:' i i' 5o1 "1" ,, m,

LctJdo, lfiliwt, 7r,7&8 Levy (prisoner), r5r Lewfu, Fcthcr ifrihur, 555

Maimmcr'Arthrr
Maisels, Itry,5g4,
592

nd

Jeaay5

'''r'l;', r'"4'
:'r1,...; "

Lelrd$:MesBiiSg 'i,

K;ffi, L. G. ('Kin'),4i3 .' ltgilnda' KerEetrh' 3r4' s4z Kazimbc, lusoesn3z5i-7

:..'.lt
i:i:.

,55

493' 495t 1974 Knrshc.bev' Nftiar rcn-3

Ku Klrut Klanr
.

ST

zgr 4t-zr8.4. 95, W Libcral Party (UK), ggl LIBERTA,463 Liebenberg, J. lL,284 Lindeque, P. C.,45r

Liberal Pany of Soutii Aflica,

tvlakarioe, Altt&iirliqp, 504

lil. Co I''
,,r;ir,',
, ,

:"1.-

r:i

::':;,'

Malan, Genergl Mapu$rt$45, MALAWI' 3\7t 3?f1i Jz},$t : '

Mitki4cordolrrs2g' " '357,&8,'6$

'548,

.l l'l.j''

Malaza,

Kumm, Bhorn and Julb' 8r-3

Kushner, AubreY, zzgl KuwArrr 5o8

Lin Mehmel,

S.8.,586

Keda, Ben,245
,,,

.Sceler' Cbristine, 4O8, 44S

Kcefian, Hdes, 3o8 Keew, General J. M., r55
453

Labour Psrty, 33r

I-acev, Eric' 375

Lobatsi, Botswam, !7t 3r-z I-ombard, Ham Jurgene, 3n 3r6-20 London County C;orocil, saa

556

Malik, Abdul Malings'S.,586

55r .' (Michncl )$ 3,oo ,,

:
.-:.,i

Marrchcgter Univercity, 379 Msrrcciko,

Llrbr$ctragec" fred lod

Ri$

GLC
Loodon Old Bqrs,3r5 London School of Econonicg,
349

Mlndi:la, Nelsoo, &r.4a, 83'

2281 250-83, 347, &9, 58E Maodele, lginnb N.r 83i "
, -. rjilil:.]

Lu234

i:,:j

C'crretal J. J- f Jack')' ' Kenp, ::,,45' &;,Sg;72' IQ4, rO7' rO9t wr ?93,3ry1t 33*4rr 17ot

Keitsing, N. ('Fish')' Kelly, J. D.R., er9 Kesrp' Frair$ 3r4-r5

75{

3t2-r3

I-agraiue, Jean (McClaY)' zga4 I-a Guma, AJ.qoztT Li**ootn Bishop Donglr 484
I-ang, John, 57r Laurencc, Paric*, 35p{ Leballo, Fotlako CF.IC')' zl*8,

Louw, Eric, z7 Louw, Joe, r5-r8

Loubser, J.,

5919

"228-40,,244,564 Mandela; Zfuadzi,28 'Mandeb Particle, Thefrztf,

Ma&gqld, Torn, 457-8 :,",,':l'
Ma.poza,
l',

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il"-.',,

,,'.r\]
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4i,

Sor;5o8, Jro, 53z,1 536,

Low, Benny:
3791,393

Lubbook, Eric (Lord Avebury),

162

Marine.,Dia$ondColp@
Marslrill, Belta, zr8
Marshsll Squarg 32,
253
.i4j&i

Arthur,8o

: . .\'4!.1". .. / " li:'.'\,

.

.-, Jtti,
I

3Js

.:t:h:.nli',

Kesrp C.ommfueion' 339

K4n$irytot Post,343 Kent, Charlcs and Roberb

3r7-t9,430.31
LEBANON' 463

Ludi, Gerard (Gcraldl), ror.Z

Lutheran Church, 566
t38,2421 254

[:

IJS

Kent UniverritY, 348 rz8 Kentridge, SYdneS '

trBNYA, 548

3274

BraY, lrdriorr 537 Lce, Christopher' 176 Leeds University' 347

. ilfii:,1lltj,,

Luthuli, Chief Albert, 17 7r, Luttig" Dr H. G., zor Luyt, Louis, 524
Mabelane, Matthewr 58o

Manin Lutfrer Kilg Mcmcial

Fund,294 Manr, Karl,494 Mascarenhas, Anthony, er8 Mnseko, Jimmy, r49

". t,:iit:1.. :..1r.:!: "]'.fi'

Leeuwkop Prfuon, r29' r5r-2b

,., I(hnnr Sherrif, rJr

-KGB,215,242,4o8' 535 Kmathe, Nic, 583 Klatt, Ifike (alias l(ahn)' rzz
Khoaripe; Lucar, tzp Khoza, A.' 585 Kil.cyi Deqqifr EEli; 185; zr4

Ky Brigsde' 574

Lefewe, Alan, 466 Tdevre, Dr Dianq 465-7 Le Figaro' 539 Legum, Colin, 352 Le Mesurier, Johru 5zo
Lennoa" Johnr 277

t6t, zt4r 487

Mabiiq Nimrod, zr9 Mide6 Julius,

noesl,
qeg

Mabiia, P. ('Harry')" 58r Machel, Samora;547 'Madhouser.The', t45 Madida; Asron end Lydia,

il*ffx,-w:i'.
488,6rr

titiat

r-

Mashaba; Paulus, z3t Mason, Petcr, 3io9l Matanzima, Chirif l(tiec, a5r Mettlrcure, Michecl, r48 Mathews, Prof, Z. IC, zog Mayekiso, C.alebr z3r' .., 't'

Kbg,

Corena--eg4

Lesley Prisonr rz4

King, David' zz3 King, Jesniftrr aog KiDg, Martin kfihcr'

17, ?94

LEsorHo' 3t8r 4831 573 Lestor, Joano lrP' 338

,
t,.'.,,,

Kinslrase hospitrl' 9z rKiesiniieri Henry' 543' 557

Letanka, Stenley' 244 Letlalo, Bridget and familY, 77 I-ctlalo, Tim and Ptt,7z

Bernard, r48 Msgo, Elizabcth, z8Z Mqsgban, Petct, zzgr' z7z Matrarat S. R. and Tim, a6o6r

-sso Magidson,
,

Mayib*ye, ?3
Msqeba,

Mazitulela, Victor, 234 Mbcki, Govann z13tz51

Mboy&, Tmr,54o

Z I., S8r

McBride, Scan, zog Club), 38o McGoll, Ewaoo 59r

"

Kitoo* Eliirfotr.{f3 KAhilL,592

"

GJJ", Tom

(alias Boou, alia!

Sebina)r 7e-4

Mahlatini, Fred, zr9 Mahomo, Nana" 43r Mrhon, Bcrnadette,9

MCC (Mrrybb6oc'Crictct '',i

.;1.

':;

itf l,ri

:fi{Us8,".is$,
Mondlgne, Dr E. C., 564
MONCOLTAT 326

,
,

r"''i;*1
.r,f ,idt;;

. .,,,lrpdl 'rt;l:

Netiolql Studcrtt

Monnredi, GYnthia, Montwedi, Jewel, Jobanna and '

,,,

6rt'r7

' :.t'" .':,:. ' NttioritlUdbd;o{ :' ' 4S8'.

,.'''' Distributive l?orten (SA), zo

Nor& Wcrre*';t9dvcid66r
NoRwAY, 2rB Noticiasita &oira1.g5o

r' ;' I

Illinois,204 .: :

,,,,'drlil.

Mcliulu,

Fetience

(Patti'),

298-30I

Mck*osh, Peter, 554 McKsy, Gerald E, zo9

McManus, James, r83

Morake, Andrew, r5z-3 More, Brigadrer Charles, 52o Morenor Mrr 5o6

Smr

613

i,,

' l;. $,' 'r'.iri:ii.ti

" r ...
'

Natbngl Unbn of lmrorlistr

'(NUD, r83, 3t6,!zz,

589

387,

Morgan, Henry (alias Metterlink, alias Bruce),

264-82

National':Ltnisn of, South African Studena' (N U SAS!

223,
378

Nt$huattiha, Dr l{.r 585 ,' ,,r::.. Nucltiar Fuel Finance 3.S'" tS3 Nufaka (cir:Nfehi), ts.,3m ,: :'r ' ''.r, r''il Nuiornar Sarn, 3r8 -

Ntsalo, 'Bully', 245

'

, l',1iii
.' ,:i.';J

.:,.rl.i
..

Mcphilter,

Melleneg Yieot' zz4 Mervis, Ioel, 8r-z Methodist Church, 88, z5r Medrven, Stuart (dias Martin), Metterlink, Charles (alias Morgan, H.),267 Meyer, |-P.'iF;; $
s45

Ross, 383, 385' 393

Mornins Star, 242, 37 54'

Morris: Michaelr 3ao Morrison, John, 295 Mg{risonr Lionel, 333

Natiornl Union of Students (NUS), l+6

432 Negro

346,3jt-2

Nyathi, Johnson Ivan, 583-5

Vusicrud

i
.

'Il1; ";

ivlorrissey, Sidney G., 554 ' uonocco' zz3

National Youth Action, ez3 Natiocal Yolfb Or$nlzation,

Pr.ess

Obscrtw, 32, g&,, ?S*3o

Omeil Secrce AEt (SA),

O'Hagrn" Timr 5tl-zt Oiukwu, C.olonel C., tg6

47740

r&':'.

Mort, David, 5rz

Mlda@.Rs$no{rd' n
"-

255

ldliianga, Couetable' 613

'

MIs'

37

lvlicrofln container,

lCititgrv intetligence of South A,frrga (DIvlI),'Sr, 54o,

79

Mos@w, 4rr 73, rozt zlot 242, 26t Mostert, M., 57r Motau, Edgar, 74-5 Mothopcng, ZePh,5874
Motsoaledi, Elias, 255
MOZAMBTQUE, t7,
2O3, 349t
\

Nehnr Award, 256

Intanatiotl, 43t

5o,56

Nel, M. J. ("Ihyr'), z5-8, rr3,

' 54F58 MilUgan; SPike, 176

MillinshiP' Bill,48o Mills, David, 3rr Mills, HaYleY, 176
&liaerals, 429

53r, 537,545-53 Mozambique National

Resistance

Neuss at Tcttr 3o4 Neut Statesrw4 zt3 Nat Yorh HaaH Trblry.,St New York Times, t7t, 572

Neto, Dr Agostiabo; 539t 544 Neu African 57r

t!5, t2!, r23, r38

Oliveira, Ped$e.A-, 5i4r' ,. . Olympic Games, eoor sEri . '.r:i

.

Owttlfu*tur366'. -,r::,.
r8o-day detention drqrc,

r:r:'i:.:

t42-54,

(MNR),

NBw ZEALAND| 2oli lJ'le {&!

Nichas, Charohnpos

MPLA,

545-50

('Lampiet),

539' 544-5 Mpondo, Bubbles, 48o-r Mugabe, Robert, 55o, 555'-6 Mulder, Dr Connie, 3351 339t

Niehon, Vddemer,437
Niesewand, Peter, 363, 367 NialrlDc Rcnz (Holland), 479 NIGERIA, 83, zt2r 3r7 Nght Setrools .{ssocietion, z16 Nirrety-day detentioa clause, 57-8 Nkoana, Mattheq 94

338

Oosthuizen, J. J. ('Ooaie), Sr Open Universit!, zr1 ' Operation Borman', 268. ' Operation Buttonhole'r. 573 ' Operation lVheelchair', 579 Oppenheim, Nathrio and Vro.

r6t

r36t

r'

Dyk,5o7
4621 465

Ministry of Ddence (British)'

466*t

'Mr Chips', 279-8r

Oppcnheimer, l{er:y, 9234, Oppenheimer, Sir Emest, 37

)iiirir: i:;!ii.,
'i'r'i,i::, i!;:.1
.

i.'l tl,,
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:"

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Minox'spY'camera, r72 Miirty' Abdul, 57o . i&xed tvlarriages Actr 48 Miuiib, zr8 Mlangenir Andte& 255
Mngomezulu, Ma:rr-zt9 Mobunr' Sesc Seko, 545,553 'Modipane, S., 583 Modiee, T., 599 Mokoena, Dr Joseph, 246-9

34r, 5o5' 522 Muller, S' L.,55 Murder and Robber-Y Sqrtadt
136,6q2

0ppenlieimer, Mary, 465, -trlnltg, oi6anizarlon 6f atl&i

Oman, AIi Lau"br rjo,

(OAID, z4e

Murray, James, 575

564

Mvemve, BoY (alias Dube, J.)t Mvemve, Doglas' 564

)"ii1;: i;
Li1'r

':

ilrir'
.j',li
,i

Myert, A. M. $. (1Sue'!

4op

Mokoen& Triste, 248

lvlokonlrane, Dan" 348

'i.it l
i,:ri ii,

Moloi, Elias, r5z

tvtondsy Club, 33o

NAMIBIA, P9t 5371 545 National Ftont, r7z National Liberal Club,336' 389

Nftomo, Edith,60?-8 Nkosi, Isasc' r48 Nkosi, Len or Leon (Spiv'), 34-5 Nkosi, Mces, 599 Nkrumah, Kwamer 538 Noblc, Alex, 388 Nof,fke, Catl, 28, 483, 492
NORTIIBRN IRBLAND, 223,

Oscewabrandrvag (Ox.nnggos

rjb3

Guard), 19 Otiopo, Mr &, 74 Oxford, Kenneth, 377 Oxfold University" 3o4

,,

P..{. Esaie Agency (coodui$=

36i,4rz,423

;fit r"iffiTfiil'a'"llj

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Poqo FSC} {r: Porgnan Court Hotel, 3r3 PORTUGALT 277 t 347t 364' 533' ., &grriradon, a66 537' 5474 fshrAfric*n&*,Qong$Ec Pornrguegc,Seeret Po{ice ' ' ;' &'hqr?4*4'.42,,''.)' ,(PIDE), S37, 54t,547t 961 , ' 5,3?St, #".?6r 257t ?lTs Post, Tht" x5r r554r 16rr,16& tt9,43c" 584 'f.9t

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.

ruooai'e'Drfischd, 33f5t .
339, 34tr,5o5r

Radio Berlin, zo Radio monitoring, SZz Radio Moscow, 577 Rafferty, Pat, rzo Ramrattan, Dinna
Ramsey

@AP),294

'

,54 Rhys,

!q,

Sr7, Stg,

,ri,i.lt . :
.'ril{lr,

Ethel,93 $ice, Jenny (Mre f,{sirrorc),S92 Ridrardson, CUartec, rgt -+ir-'

295

, ',, 1*' illl;rr,'r.:;111ii

"-'I.."r

\\:ii

Pqtouna (BBC),

Pmotou
518,

Magaaine (SA), 260'

+S8

225,3@,327

Ranalho, Jose, g48 (Drummond) 44g

,::.,,,t
..:

PantheonPressr 54o
PASAGUAYT 223 Bar,itqe, John' T19, 454 Parker, Aida' SS6-8

M\

Postal Sorter Spies, 35o-55 Potgieter, Captainr r3o Potgieter, Justice.H. J., zz4 Potter, Elaine (neGoldberyL r83

Richardson, Eddic, r3r,

r.4tr

2954 .

r34

Rotd Dailjl
Sz, 78,

Dr A. M., 574

Parker, Robert ('Bob'), r4r Padiamentary Association qf Overseas Correspondcntq

PotterrT-,gllyn'rl8 t,'

Fcwull, E6odl' MF, 325-30,

Ptice,Brian;,417
Princc, llarold

383

t$zr 387

Primitive Peoplds Fund' zzo

'

Rankin,

gt, ror, to4, lo8, II4-3o, t35: r'4i r58, 285, 34r, 362, 45rz 4i9t 4984: 5Or, 5rc-r3

Md,

16;

z2-3,28,

Riewlei,568 Riot Squad, 59

Rise of

Richardson, Mauleeo, ag6 Riechsbiete4 Thco, 45o-

,.

tfu South Afticot

Dr

Kenrleth, z3o

Pepy"]oop,,Grre& 4o5
Hhss.Bop1,,149 6o6 F4sr lflPsr. r49, "tt
"

(Harry')'

Raphael; Adam,336,

r3y40

Puon, Atan'

po

Prince, Viv,45o Prieon oonditions, r,4b54' Prison rationr, t4z-3, z6t 'Prisons Act trial', the, rr4-3o, 284-5 Prigons frct, t25, tt7t 2t4t 262 Piaate Eyer 46o Profumo, John, 443 Pmgressive (Federal) Party, 23, 29,361 63, tt8',4z8 PRO International (Germany),
Pmteas, the, 314-16 Protopapas, Adonis (rTony'),

Raynor, !f. ('Bilt'), 459 Redn's Digest, z6o Reading University, 347, 376 Rebels, The, t7t Recio, Alvaro (alias Leite), 547 545' 566

Rapport,3r4

&\

576

Ph$le, .G ltr., 59i r,ftekli Georep: 2t7, zST

Pearson, f;lifi, 17 Ireleer, P. C., Pegdry" Tom, MPr 425 Fentose, Barrier 4S6-91 461?7o

z5c{,3

Reconnaissance C-ommando,

B"{S.a.r", Vafressa,

Redmoird, Helen, z7z-3 Reid, Jimmy,4r7

t76, 4t7

Rogers, Matthewr 4tg Rongpona, na*i{rig Ror{<e. Kate, zao: ,1 Rose,

Ro&iques, Sergeant Joe, 593-6

.,:.: ,

ReiAu g49 r . Rivets, Chade$ 575: , Rivonia trial 3o-3r, &r 254 Robben I.slagd Jailr z5e<3 Roberto, Holden (alias Gilrfore : end Ventura), Si8, S+o, S+S Robin Hood Grenratorium, &ilihull,zdT I :r :',:.,1: ., '

.'

Keith,4o4

Pedta;Micf/relt
Pemkor, 523

?rfir7

'

Rees, John, 3zz-4 Reeves, Bishop Ambrose, 243

Jhaeritc, The' 338

?ick; Kathy" zr9

Phitby, IKim, r84, 429; M3

Pilger, John, r83 Pin, Leong Yun, i6r Pitman, Harry, 586 Plant, Cyril, 525 Plimptona Fransis,43r Pognr:rd, Beniamin (J Beniie'), ' :|:'Ii(F2h ta;5, 127 . Police Act, 56o ' Police Amendment Act, 6o4 ' Political files (UK), 4r7 I Fopb'Pbul VL 206 Poputatiotr (qf Soutli Afrrca)t 6os

5r6

Reilly, Geraldr 2SA Rern, R. V., rz6

Pniil=Vil1i.qn,'$lynuoe'
('Ray'), 286-92
Puppetegrx The,

50.4

l',
.

3go

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i^i

Qoboza, Percy, 498 Queea Elizabeth (llRlf),

r8r"

Retief, Piet, zr Reuters, r7r R&)olutiott Africaine, /32 RHoDDstA, 347, 4!2, 4efu9t
527-9o 543t 549t 55o Rhodesian Chrictirn Group,

ro3-4, 116, 156 Resha, Robert ('Robbie,), 432

Republican Inrelligenc S'endce (iRI'), 38, 4r-4t 544,89,

Rowling,'John, 385 Royal Garden Party, i8r Royal Institute of International Afriro; r8z Ruskin College Kitson
___Crmmittee, 473 Rus$isn 8gent, Russouw, Johanr

Rosenstrom, Stephan, zzz Round, Edwand.-(Pd)i'8g r, Rouxr. Edward ('Eddiet} 6i1 Roux, Ja'nis, z.6z1 4?8

nussrA, r8o,4zgr 557;,5$

78

I
:
'

46&9

2ro

SACHED,4949
Sadrs, Stephanie (n6e

Pofitlarr

$Squad, ro4
Racial Adiustmetrt Action

SSr

Socie$

3319

'i

Rhoderian Intelligence, r84, 3s7t 3rrt 545 Rhodesian Sanctions Act, 528

555,1

Keurplr ;

,r

Sacks, Andrew- Aubrey ,''' :l' i':; 1..',,; 1'Airay') 1Uios Johnronl,'

rr8-ao, z84.jz

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grelqa.{ :.!i,o[n1.IIIEU|'t uf Oasizatiol 553

StlrlE$ttr?4 Senteo, Wilfrcd r53

stlwtn iilf'{t6ir*''..",i. ':ir::r;: , t:.\ .,i :':,".'

Scnyatsi, Joseph' Separate devdoPmccr Setalo, Patricicr"tce; Settlers (r8zo)r 86

-'*.f"*'.i:t l

Sordro.Iilerold,
4q7-9^

ltpl ![!G{!1

$qb&i"

n,Sitt&'sfrld*n (khrgrtss- of ' ,l .,,f!a& usi@ (SACTU)r'

Suronan Un*a,
221

St+

90

Soullier, Jamcc ('Jimmy'),

;

Safenhagen, J., 5o5

Osen,'a$t$fl ' ,,, ,' ', ,' ,

.

:l;riltff,;
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'j":

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254

Stand$d Fiqanr; 5o6-rr

;'

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South Africs Foundarion, SS South African Aininys (SAA), South African Associated
546, 576

Star, Riogo, r?6

Srb.tr Aatmb, r7r

Saloiee,

Sirarpevitle $ootings, z+ ?or

Steenkamp, Leoni

State of Emergency, z3o Steel, Davidl Mpr airglr 4#l

'
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, sasdsrn! Jocc; azo SANROC (Soutb Africao

Non-Racial OtYmPic e,onmittee), 96, tgt, zoq ?P?,ztt, 3rz-16, 354' 37O SARL (S@thern Afryican Leagtre), 553 '- AhodesiaD SASO (South African Studcotr' Orgrnization), +g2'

Sulimur' 58r

Straq Sanaic (Mrs JffBaofts)'

176

23o,432

'

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(SAAN), 23,

Shebeens' 7r Sheehemr" David' 566

South African Broedcasting Corporation (SAB C), 28, South

59,352,45\

54

Stein, Isaiah, ao4, Steincr, rcrrt, Sio

.

rz5

.,',

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Party (SACP),2oj

zfu,4N,543 Afrkin Cmptrnist

Ssirntn' Dr lorag, 539-4,\ '.$ehep$, Dr N.

5631

545

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39

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South African Council of Churctres, 3z?, 6o5 South Afriaan Digest, 27,
489

53, @ ror-3, to't 360, 368, 573,592

3Hr,

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(STST), 37o-93 St Paul's Cathednl, z+l Strachan, Harol4 r r4*i5,r17,

123, Strauss, HsccheL

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Stepbens

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Skelbotn' Sir Nor$aat 986

Sledgs, 592

Sdrmls Council (British), 334 $cieniolwy, Churc.h qf' 4824

Soorpio, 564

PWfi ?09 '

'

Meritsr 8g
349

Slovo, Josepb:({oe')' 30' &49t Slovo, Ruth (n6e Firet)' Smit, Dr Robert and Jean-Cora, 5oo-5r4 Smith, Bill' 78
Graq41',,3?gt .

lz

$corlANB

Soweto Students' Rcpresentative Couocil, i3z sPArN, 23G7,4r7, 527 Spanish Security Police, zzo
Sparks, .{llister,

Namibir Soweto, 66t7tr 486

South African Spor6 Association, zo3 Southern African Shrdcnt Programme,.437 South West Africa, sc

Strydo,nr" llans, 87 suDANr 223 &atday E xpr es s Oohresbug), t4, t7,20,22r7t 3c-3tr' ?3t 35t 44, 56, 62,18r 83, gr'

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Smith, Cyril' NtP, 47o, 4"r, Smith, Detcstive Scr$aot

Sparros, Judgc G$rld, 334i{o,

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,P'8ts!b

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Smith, MarSare' ro8-9 Smith, Willirm Frederhk

533,618 Sobukwe' Robcrt Mangnlisot

('\fillie')'

Sparrowr' Uly', 33g, 339 Spear of the Nation (Umkhonto urc Sianrc), 3o, 35t *t 19$ 254,473, 564 Special rBnnch (Scothnd Ysrd), r75,363,.6, TIf$ 39rt
Spengler, Aa (alias

&6,479

TeWqh l&r.3j}0r,.-, Srtday Timcs, r'tq, r6j, r83,

Sundq
378
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2i8, 285, Tait ?4$:tg!'1647t, 589

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4r4:r5i

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24-4,352,43t'

587

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Sobukwe, Veronicar {.3r . Society for Individrul . Frecdoq ?8:2, . - ..

Spring, Mrnin" lZ6 Springer, Axel, 516 Spriugfietd, Du8ty, 176

CampbcllL 13, i5r 568

Mr

556

Africa, zo4 Suppressirn of Comminb. , : Act, 53, tz13, zz'tr'Jzr Suppon Tbe Sprirybok Cricketers (FundL fgo
Sussex

Univenily,348

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$r,ga,eeoeL

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Thorpg Ureular 4oz

Tierney, E. J., 599 Time-Ufe, t7t

393-4ror 4r4, 4I6 448, 4Sz: 45VA' 464t 479,6goo1 ,'

Organizetion (SWAPO), ryg' 3r8;' 473 swAzrLAND, 3or 6o, 89 359,

SWEDENT 84,tr2a ' 49,1' 588

Univenity, 376 Sqith Ifeet African Feople's

Swangca

Sg

Turok, Mary, 36o Turrer Qollegc,4933 ' , Twenet Fotn Hansr 3it Tyler, Parkerr 36S

DrRi*iid ff6c} '' : ,.- '': " 565 Turok,Beq!59 '

Tume4

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Vanqa,

:-riq.

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l7_esthuizen,

J.lJ.q r.93

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563

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Service

(JKIAS),

Advisory
358

Ulltveit-&{oe, Tt'zar1, zz3

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UN

Van Rcrnhrrg,

Cgmmittee Against Commission for

?89' 4r7'

Timol".I{eriva and Y,usuf,

S9q

UN High
5

Aparttreid 487

szg),358

I. (g$tt

Van Riebeeck, !an, tS7 Van $7yk, Akc, 562 YarZyl, Capmin, r:o Van Zyl, Elrna, 492 Vaw{a, B. R, 59z vENEzuELA, &8, g7 Venter, Brigadier P. J.

$wedish Communist Party, 389 Sweetrnan, Stella, zzo sw TTZERLAND, 2.O4, ?t5, g&e

?oivo, Ja Tofuo Hemran,2585

3r8 Tombs, Peter, 3o4-5 To The Poitttr 334, 5z4t 5z9t 548' 554 Toure, Sekou, 538 Tracey, H; B. (rlee'), 4rr-x5 Trades Union Congress (TUCL szs
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r-r3

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3r7, @2,432,5O2,5O6, 515-16, 5r8,537,564

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United Bank of Kuwait, 5o8 United Kennels; Cork, 4or United Naticrs,27, 5o, tt:z,
449> 525,55o, 610

UNITA, 53y4r,,543

Union of Black Janrnalistsr 43z

,..: :.'t;ii.i:.

('Tiny'),

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Treason gjal, z5z

United Parry of South Africa

Ver*trrd, ttcndfi,

Verges, Jacqrrcs, 432

ri4, rj8

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Trelawny, Carol,968 Trevor, Bob, 373-6 Tribffie,24.4,3430 358

Terrebhnche, Msjor

Triegaardt, Denise, 6z Triegaardt, Maria, 64 Triegaardt, Rictrard ('Uncle Dick'), 6o-65, zo3 TRINIDAD, 3OO

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342' 4:16' VIETNAri,r, 3{i5,546

556

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Vigrre, Randolph,

UPNA,538
Urban Arlas Act, 216
URUGUAY,452

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Viktor, J. l.,91-l6

57r : ' .r(. 47

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('Terry'),

Trudcaq, Piere, j?z

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37-, 44r 6r, 53,96, rr4-r5,

tt8, t251,

r2gr,

Tsafendas, Dcmetrioc ('Dimitri), r58, 358, q76.,9 Tsetsewa, Constable, 613

p4

r9z, 224, tz6, 234, 6:,, 34t1

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427,45r, 476 489r.tr5,

557t 579

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Tbonar,,Albert' r9z tloriras, rJcaauette, 20
Ttiotrtas, Te{gyi,4os

Tshabalala, Mary, 57-8 Tshabalala, Rapbacl, 5e4;

5tu9 Tucker, Inspector, 537 Twsdry Mqarirc,43r

TUNISIA, 223

473 " 1:i^ Vald, Gcofir,4gn

r33{

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4?ro,

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Wffr,
529

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\Finter, Ctvyr 6T-zt 'Vinter, Jean Am5 445 lfinter, Patricia Anne (still
untraced), 445

:i".,'.,Irdtrrcr Keit}r.,3q6-ra $t rlF,a'retri. Kcnneth CI(en'), r'i: .'t

!7inter, Peter (an alias),

\Folmarans, Major, r54

3o6

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298
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r9-2O

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47\

524

Withers, Ian and Stuart' 3o3-4 Wolfaardt, Manie, 5o5

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T.t

lfolpe, I{arold,

253

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Voods, Donsld, 482r Sg9 Vorld Cotnrcil of Churches, 359

Vorld Health Organization,

World' Tlu

\[orld Univerrity

($d Weeherd VailO,4934

Service

9z

W@berg; Sheila, rrz

294

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Xtrvier, Manuel, 537 X54 (agent), 54-5 Yan, Ah, 16r

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York, Susannah, 176

Young, G. K., 383, 393 vouni-uuerai ei 3i ;71, Youth League (ANC), z4r Yu Chi Chaa Club, 257

llt

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' :Vhito Person, dcfinitircn of, 48 il ": $uspects Section (of Vhite 'FOSS), .' +72, j7z ,;,': ClA, 429 rPVln* ff;&ls ':, Vild eese (mercenaries), 542 i::ir ' Wilhekny, Jorge' 516
Wilkes, Norman @obinson),
272

Zackon, Barney, zzo zAtRBr 92,2ll' 544-5 ZamJcrczi Cl;ttb' 372' 536 zAMBtA, 73, l7o, 246, 274, 3cf,,,3r4, 54t-2, 564,577 Zambiao Intelligenct, 472

ZAPIJ, zg7
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Witkim' Ivor,

E7

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zuLuLAND (KwaZulu)
(See also ButJrelezi)

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435

Zutphen, G.t 279

$6 VirFr'

Zwanerlrjo'79
Zwatte, Lazsrus

Strn and Astrid, 35ffi9

('Laz')r ?&-8o

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