Jung-Myers Extraversion Introversion Sensing iNtuitive Feeling Thinking

Brain Typing Front F: Back B: Empirical E: Conceptual C: Animate A: Inanimate I: anterior, forepart, energy-expending, external, expressive, broad, many posterior, rear, energy-conserving, internal, reflective, deep, few observe, experience, literal, concrete, actual, realistic, 5 senses, pragmatist, what is imagine, envision, figurative, abstract, theoretical, idealistic, 6th sense, visionary, what could be living, persons, emotion, compassion, encourage, feelings, deductive, subjective, relational non-living, things, logic, justice, critique, issues, inductive, objective, systematic synthetic, holistic, universal, adaptable, multiple, graceful, artistic, spatial adeptnessperipherally, etc., pattern-skilled, sufficient solution, welcoming of interruptions, skilled at drawing and sculpting, spatial and visual logic, play-oriented analytic, divisible, local, ordered, sequential, mechanical, detailed, speech-skilled, exact solution, resistant to interruptions, skilled at reading and writing, numerical and verbal logic, work-oriented

Perceiving

Right R :

Judging

Left L:

Right Brain: Jung-Myers ENFP INFP ENTP INTP ESFP ISFP ESTP ISTP Brain Typing FCAR BCAR FCIR BCIR FEAR BEAR FEIR BEIR Front, Conceptual, Animate, Right Back, Conceptual, Animate, Right

Left Brain: Jung-Myers Brain Typing

ENFJ INFJ ENTJ INTJ ESFJ ISFJ ESTJ ISTJ

FCAL BCAL FCIL BCIL FEAL BEAL FEIL BEIL

Front, Conceptual, Animate, Left Back, Conceptual, Animate, Left

The eight Jung-Myers mental processes and their respective cerebral locales based upon neuroscientific studies The following reflect the brains influence on the eight Jung-Myers mental processes and their respective cerebral locales. These are only basic points. (For a more detailed explanation, refer to Jonathan Niednagels book Your Key to Sports Success): Extraversion and Introversionmeasuring the focus and levels of energy Extraversion (E): activated principally in front of forebrainanterior to central sulcus --personalitythe prefrontal cortex is the most significant area for creating ones outward personality. --Expressing language through conversation/speech (activated by Brocas [left anterior forebrain]). In general, Extraverts speak more and louder than Introverts. (Nurturing, environment, and genetic variances also affect speech patterns; thus explaining most speech differences among Extraverts [and Introverts].) A University of California medical school used PET scans to examine brain regions of people while speaking. They looked at the brain while they (1) made nonsense syllables, (2) recited the months of the year, and (3) recited a briefly memorized prose passage. While both the "mindless" recitation of the months and the prose passage used Wernicke's area (the top back part of the temporal lobe), ONLY the prose showed activity in Broca's area. The conclusion: rote memorized verbal tasks require little thought or sophisticated cortical activity. Bookheimer, S., et al. 2000. Neurology, Vol 55(8), 1151-1157. --voluntary motor movements (activated by primary motor cortexanterior to central sulcus). Moving the body is an Extraverted (energy-expending) function, activated by the motor cortex. --high degree of attention to outside world (principally a function of the anterior forebrainespecially right superior frontal gyrus) --expressing emotion (left anterior forebrain) --dopamine (a neurotransmitter that says do it is primarily in anterior forebrain. --cingulate gyrusregarded as the volition and will center (located in anterior forebrain); it causes humans to act. In addition, Extraverts are innately designed to expend energy whereas Introverts conserve it.

--planningan integral part of taking action and expending energy. Planning involves maintaining one main goal while working on sub-goals for that main goal. This is apparently one of the unique human brain functions. The National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland has published findings that show that that particular task is performed in the most anterior part of the frontal lobes called the fronto- polar prefrontal cortex. Koechlin et. al, Nature 1999, vol 399(6732) 148-151. Introversion (I): activated principally in back of brainposterior to central sulcus --understanding and comprehension of language (processed in left temporal lobeWernickes) --5 senses (taking in world around self) --touch and pressure (parietal lobewhich controls the primary sensory cortex. Behind the primary sensory cortex is a large association area that controls fine sensationweight, size, shape, etc.) --smell and sound (temporal lobe) --sight (occipital lobe) --long-term memorystored primarily posterior to central sulcus --neuroscientists now suspect there are 4 separate memory systems in the brain (rather than one as long believed). Conscious memory of facts and eventshippocampus; associative learning (like Pavlovian conditioning)cerebellum; emotional memoriesamygdala; memories of learned skillsbasal ganglia. These are posterior brain regions. --In Alzheimers disease, long-term memory fades as the posterior brain cells die --self awareness (parietal lobe) --Introverts conserve energy whereas Extraverts expend it. --reading (posterior region) Dr. Kenneth Pugh, Psychiatrist and Medical Researcher at Yale, has been studying the neural pathways which are generated in good readers. When the brain is asked to go from the listening and speaking modes to the visual spatial, yet abstract production of reading, new relationships between regions in the cortex are formed. This is true for all written languages. Skilled readers have engineered neural networks, which take the visual sensory input from "eye to meaning" in about 150 milliseconds. This is done through the dominant path of the eye to three posterior gyrus (areas in the back half of the cortex). The lingual, fusiform and angular gyrus collaborate to convert letters into meaning.

Sensing and iNtuitionmeasuring the way information is gathered or perceived

Sensing (S): Essentially the 5 senses: sight, smell, sound, taste and touch --the processing of sensory input and sensory discrimination is facilitated by the parietal lobe. --5 senses (taking in world around self) --touch and pressure (parietal lobewhich controls the primary sensory cortex. Behind the primary sensory cortex is a large association area that controls fine sensationweight, size, shape, etc.) --smell and sound (temporal lobe) --sight (occipital) --viewing and inaudibly reading language (posterior forebrain) --though most Sensing processes take place in the back of the brain, some reside in the brains anterior. For example, research demonstrates damage to the right frontal lobe creates an impairment of pictorial stimuli sequences. --the anterior right forebrain is especially adept at design and spatial fluency in contrast with the lefts verbal fluency. iNtuition (N): specializing in abstract, conceptual matters --abstract understanding of languageespecially w/consonants. (Wernickes, posterior left) --intonation is a dimension of the iNtuitive brain function. Persons with right forebrain damage speak with flattened intonation. --metaphorPersons with right forebrain deficit pick literal interpretations of metaphorical statements. --A striking finding from many who suffer right-brain strokes is that they can understand the literal meaning of sentences-their left brain can still decode the words--but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. Asked to explain even a common proverb, such as "a stitch in time saves nine", they can only say it must have something to do with sewing. --visual imagerymost aspects of visual imagery are right hemisphere duties. Thinking and Feelingmeasuring the way information is reasoned Thinking (T): Inanimate, logical, objective, and systematic reasoning. Thinking is found in both hemispheres; the right specializes in spatial logic and the left in verbal and numerical logic. --synthetic, spatial reasoning is engaged in the posterior right forebrain. For example, damage in right parietal areas results in spatial reasoning deficits.

--verbal logicprincipally a function of the left hemisphere, especially in Brocas area. (ESTJs and ENTJs are the most gifted in oral language logic, ESTJs in practical realm and ENTJs with abstract. Feeling (F): Animate, subjective, values-driven, and emotional reasoning. Feeling is found in both hemispheres --sensing and retaining emotionemotional memory (posterior--amygdala) In the latter 1990s, PET studies conclusively validated the amygdalas influence on feelings and emotion. ---expressing emotionas early as the 1980s, electroencephalographic studies revealed in patients that the left frontal region showed higher activity during negative emotions. --a 2002 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences was the first to examine the neurological roots of what scientists call "negative affect," a trait that predisposes people to anxiety, irritability, anger and a range of other unpleasant moods. The researchers conducted brain scans that measured changes in blood flow within their subjects brains. The scientists found that increased brain activity in one particular region the ventromedial prefrontal cortex -- was associated with those who reported greater negative affect. Researchers say the circumstantial evidence indicates that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex acts as a sort of volume knob for emotions. While the emotions may be produced elsewhere in the brain in response to stimuli, this region of the brain can make them deafening or muted. Judging and Perceivingmeasuring the way we engage the outer world (and hemisphere dominance) Judging (J): Structure, organization, seeking closure, local/detailed, methodical, and analytic (step-by-step). --the left brain is essentially the Judging hemisphere (unknown to Jung and Myers) --left brain performs sequential analysis, approaching matters methodically --left brain performs sequential body functionswhich are mechanical, inflexible, rigid --left brain is orchestrated to a state of local bias --the J left brain is the conscious hemisphere, more in touch with the moment. It is time driven, clock drivenespecially the SJs. Perceiving (P): Adaptable, flexible, open-ended, global/universal, and synthetic (multiple, parallel processor) --right brain is principally the Perceiving hemisphere --its involved in parallel/pattern processing --right brain processing is tilted towards the global --performs holistic body functionswhich are smooth, graceful

--the P right brain is the subconscious hemisphere; it is has greater difficulty paying attention. This explains why the vast majority of persons diagnosed with ADD are right-brained dominant Ps. The right-brained P is process-oriented rather than time/clock driven. --as reported above, many who suffer right-brain strokes can understand the literal meaning of sentences--their left brain can still decode the words--but they can no longer get jokes or allusions. An intact right brain is needed to make the more playful connections. -- the current assumptions about the relationship between handedness and lateralization are oversimplified. This is especially evident in left handed people who demonstrate use of their "non-dominate hand" in many more activities than right handed people. A study out of Duke University shows that, if at all possible, our brain will solve tasks by processing information in only one hemisphere. We see this on simple problem solving tasks. However, as the tasks get more complex, the brain will always choose to process by coordinating information between the two hemispheres. Weissman and Banich (2000). Neuropsychology, vol 14(1), 41-59.

The descriptions below (except for the physical attributes) are similar to the 16 personality types that have been popularized and expanded in recent years from the early 20th century typological findings of Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Jung. Unlike Jungs oft-errant psychological theories, his personality evaluations were insightful and based upon observing normal behavior in thousands of people over the course of his lifetime. BTI's independent studies and experiences have led us to concur that there are sixteen types. However, our belief concerning the various types is quite different from the norm. We distinguish these differing designs as Brain Typesfound in all people the world overeach with unique cerebral/cognitive, physical/motor and visual/spatial skill proficiencies. The short definitions below of each Brain Type are only simple summariesgeneric descriptions for the majority within each category. Though personas can vary significantly within individuals of each Brain Type (due to nurture: parenting, upbringing, etc., and nature: genetic variances), we believe that differing inborn neural circuits in each BT affect specific cognitive, physical, and spatial skills and that these similarities within each design are due to genetic hardwiringnature. BTI has built upon the empirical data collected by Jung and subsequent protagonists of his by applying neuroscientific, genetic, and biomechanical studies implemented by others and us. Our attempt has been to take Jungs soft typological findings into the 21st century hard sciences for verification. Our efforts have convinced us that Jung, including his modern-day devotees, was (and are) on the right trackthough we believe they are far removed from the accuracy and

scientific understanding now available for evaluating human behavior (cognitive, physical, and spatial). Not only do we believe that Jungs original type preferences and functions can be attributed to specific regions of the brain, but that they can be directly linked to specific motor (via the brains motor cortex) and spatial skills. Whereas Jungs followers have devoted their attentions to outward personality characteristics, BTIs studies and experience have led us to minimize outward persona and fixate on internal biological and physical characteristics that dictate cognitive, physical, and spatial behaviors. We are not interested in the typical psychological aspects of mankind but rather the quantifiable and verifiable biological behavioral dimensionsto be applied pragmatically to living life. We are not psychologists nor do we practice psychology. We are attempting to bring about a new and verifiable science--which we call Brain Typing. We are not there yet, but we believe we aren't far away. BTI has recently released new terminology and nomenclature for our Brain Types, distinct from the 8 letters espoused by Jungian enthusiasts. Though we find no fault in Jungs 8 terms, we believe there is a much more accurate and scientific way to describe mans inborn skills. Though we have privately used these descriptions for years, we now believe the time is better for sharing some of this information with the publicwhich is generally disinterested in technical terms. Nonetheless, we believe it is necessary to assist others in going deeper into Brain Types and how the brain directs our various inborn "behaviors". We believe that Brain Typing is the most accurate methodology for evaluating and describing mans inborn normal behaviorcerebrally and physically. Each of the 16 Brain Types have sub-classifications (which we hold in confidence at this time)based upon other genetic variables. BTI has recently finished collaboration on another genetic study regarding a particular brain neurotransmitter. As other outside studies have already demonstrated that various neurotransmitter polymorphisms affect personality and behavior, BTI has pursued this course as well since 1996examining the different Brain Types. Though we still believe that all people the world over fall into only one of the 16 designs, we clearly realize that each BT has other genetic variances that create sub categories within it. This helps explain further the minor differences within each inborn design. We encourage you to keep abreast of not only what BTI is espousing and bringing about, but to notice published genetic studies that are strongly suggesting and proving that mans normal behavior is more than 50% genetically based. Further Reading ... - BRAIN TYPES & THE BRAIN - BODY SKILLS -

The 16 Brain Types can be categorized in broader terms. Below they are listed as SJs, SPs, NFs, and NTs. ELs / SJs BEIL / ISTJ "Investigator" gatherer of data; compelled to identify reality and bring order; stable, conservative, dependable, reserved, logical, fastidious, systematic, painstaking, thorough, dutiful; fine motor skilled. FEIL / ESTJ "Supervisor" excels at organizing and running activities and orderly procedures; matter-of-fact; consistent, efficient, energetic, pragmatic, critiquing; likes rules and laws; values traditions; commerce-oriented; fine motor skilled. BEAL / ISFJ "Assistant"

concerned with others welfare; responsible, reserved, patient, practical, friendly, orderly, inquisitive regarding people, harm-avoiding; conscientious, thorough, loyal; service-oriented; gross motor skilled. FEAL / ESFJ "Facilitator" hospitable, focuses on usefulness; energetic, realistic; develops and nurtures relationships; sensitive to praise and criticism; expresses feelings; conscientious; orderly; friendly promoter, commerce- oriented, gross motor skilled. ERs / SPs BEIR / ISTP "Athlete" artful with machines, tools, and hands; seeks action and excitement; superb tacticianseizing the moment; athletic, competitive, witty but usually not wordy; street smart; ever-thinking; can be intense with deep convictions; adaptive; fine motor skilled. FEIR / ESTP "Opportunist" "smooth operator," deal-maker; tactical, enterprising; adaptable, persuasive, energetic; seeks fun and excitement; athletic; enjoys the moment; realistic, good natured, self-focused; body- and clothes-conscious; entrepreneur; negotiator; promoter; fine motor skilled. BEAR / ISFP "Artisan" appreciates beauty and texture; artistic, athletic and graceful; reticent, not verbally expressive; realistic; sensitive, modest, kind; sympathetic; impulsive, enjoys freedom; service-oriented; gross motor skilled. FEAR / ESFP "Entertainer" performs to entertain others; enjoys creating party-like atmosphere; spendernot a saver; expressive; down-to-earth; radiates warmth and optimism; impulsive, enjoys promoting and business; rhythmical and athletic; gross motor skilled. CAs / NFs BCAR / INFP "Idealist" deep internal values; idealistic, romantic, appears calm; generally reticent; creative, avoids conflict, sensitive, aware of others feelings; sacrificial, welcomes new ideas; flexible, interested in learning and writing; composer; language skilled. FCAR / ENFP "Motivator" highly energetic; enthusiastic, charming, imaginative, improvisational; sees possibilities; spontaneous; easily bored with repetition; enjoys solving peoples problems; catalyst, marketer, language skilled. BCAL / INFJ "Wordsmith" potential gifted writer; imaginative, conscientious; has concern for the needs and development of others; empathetic; enjoys enriching inner life; methodical; quietly forceful; counselor; language skilled. FCAL / ENFJ "Educator" teacher/pastor; socially sophisticated; expressive, ambitious, catalyst, cooperative, devoted, fluent, imaginative, emotional; opinionated; interested in ideas and possibilities; seeks order, language skilled.

CIs / NTs BCIR / INTP "Logician" master of conceptual logic; problem-solver; scientificdesires understanding of universe; designs logical models; seeks precision; introspective; adaptable; tends to excel in theoretical, philosophical subjects; logical abstraction skilled. FCIR / ENTP "Strategizer" "precocious planner," imaginative, alert to possibilities; quick thinking; likes complexity; computer proficient; enjoys oneup-manship; enthusiastic, outspoken, artistic, comedic, manipulative, spontaneous, entrepreneurial; logical abstraction skilled. BCIL / INTJ "Inventor" applicator of ideas; builder of theoretical systems; self-confident; independent, reserved, single-minded, conceptual; seeks knowledge; not impressed with authority; determined, analytic, stubborn, skeptical, scientific; logical abstraction skilled. FCIL / ENTJ "Chief Executive Officer" born "CEO," driven, takes charge; harnesses people to a distant goal; strategic; expressive; potential good debater and public speaker; seeks vision and purpose; political; self-focused; structured; logical abstraction skilled.

Brain Typing has identified body skill connections consistent with each of the 16 Types. The 16 wirings can be broken down into 4 groups, each group having a preferred or dominant skill. Below is an illustration of the 4 Brain Type groupings and their corresponding motor skill giftedness. For more information please visit our products page. A few examples are:

ST -- Larry Bird, Wade Boggs, Brett Favre SF -- Magic Johnson, Ken Griffey Jr., Emmitt Smith NF -- Julius Erving, John Olerud, Jerry Rice NT -- Bill Russell, Greg Maddux, Rich Gannon