ACADEMIA PREUNIVERSITARIA

INGLS - 1 BACHILLERATO AGOSTO 2010

PROGRAMACIN
1 QUINCENA AGOSTO ORACIONES DE RELATIVO VERBOS IRREGULARES VOZ PASIVA REDACCIN 2 QUINCENA AGOSTO MODALES (SIMPLES Y PERFECTOS) ESTILO INDIRECTO MAKE / DO ADJETIVOS EN ed / -ing

ORACIONES DE RELATIVO RELATIVE CLAUSES

Son oraciones subordinadas que empiezan con un pronombre de relativo y hacen la funcin de un adjetivo modificando a un nombre, junto al que se hallan, y que se llama antecedente. Pronombres relativos Who  sustituye a una persona en funcin de sujeto. Que, el cual, la cual..

Whom  sustituye a una persona en funcin de complemento. Que, el cual Whose  sustituye a un posesivo. Cuyo Which  sustituye a una cosa. Que, el cual, la cual When  sustituye a un complemento circunstancial de tiempo. Cuando.

Where  sustituye a un complemento circunstancial de lugar. Donde, en el cual.. El tipo de ejercicio ms frecuente es en el que te dan dos oraciones y te piden que las combines con una oracin de relativo. Tienes que seguir los siguientes pasos. 1. Subrayar lo que se repite en cada oracin. Jane is a university student. She wants to become a lawyer. Susan has bought a new house. We lived there in 2004. 2. Tachar lo que se repite en la segunda oracin y sustituirlo por el pronombre de relativo correspondiente. Jane is a university student. WHO wants to become a lawyer. Susan has bought a new house. We lived WHERE in 2004. 3. Mover el pronombre de relativo detrs de lo que se repeta en la primera oracin. 4. Copiar el resto de la segunda oracin, en orden, detrs del pronombre de relativo. Jane, who wants to become a lawyer, is a university student. Susan has bought a new house where we lived in 2004.

5. La oracin de relativo va entre comas cuando el antecedente es un nombre propio o algo nico en su especie. (el antecedente es la palabra que precede al pronombre de relativo). 6. Who/which se pueden sustituir por that slo en las oraciones de relativo especificativas. 7. Atencin a las oraciones de relativo con whose. Whose siempre va seguido de un sustantivo al que determina.

ORACIONES DE RELATIVO ESPECIFICATIVAS Y EXPLICATIVAS Especificativas (Defining relative clauses): me dan una informacin importante para reconocer el antecedente. Explicativas (Non-defining relative clauses): no es importante la oracin de relativo para reconocer al antecedente porque es un nombre propio o el nico en su especie; va entre comas la oracin de relativo. Aaden informacin adicional.

A Choose the correct answer. 1 . I would like to go to the shop (when / where / which) you bought that dress. 2. These are special flowers (who / whose / which) only grow in the jungle. 3. Did you help the tourists (whose / who / which) car had a flat tyre? 4. You should order the vegetarian meal (who / when / which) I highly recommend. 5. August is a time (which / whose / when) many people are on holiday. 6. Is that the girl (who / whose / which) Mark is going to marry?

Combine the sentences using a relative clause. 1. Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. 2. That new CD is great. You bought it. 3. They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo 3

4. The artist is very talented. He won first prize.

5. Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me.

6. This is the town. I was born here.

7. Ill never forget the day. We met on that day.

8. The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

9. Blanca had a 3-month-old kitten. His name was Sylvester.

10. Pasta is a food. Most people like it.

11. I know the boy. He called you last night.

12. Here is the shop. I bought my new hat here.

13. Thats the woman. Her purse was stolen.

14. This is the time. We usually meet at this time.

15. Im still angry about the argument. I had it with my brother. 16. Americans will never forget the morning of 29th August, 2005. Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans then.

17. The city was flooded because its dikes were broken by the hurricane. Thi city is next to a huge lake.

18. People were able to leave the city in time. They had cars.

19. Other people waited on their roofs for two days to be rescued. They had no 4

way to get out of the city.

20. Thousands of survivors were taken to an indoor stadium. There was no electricity or water there.

21. There were many people. Their families were lost in the floods.

22. A million people had nowhere to go. Their homes were destroyed. B Complete the sentences with who, which, whose, when or where. 1.I will never forget the day ............we met. 2.Jenny bought the CD ..............she had always wanted. 3.I'm looking for the person ........... has lost this bag. 4. This is my neighbour ..... daughter is a famous actress. 5. I failed the exam ...... I took last Monday. 6.We visited the town ....... William Shakespeare was born.

Combine each pair of sentences with a non-defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. 1.Mark was an excellent spy. He hadn't had any previous experience.

2.The Golden Dragon serves delicious food. It is run by a Chinese family.

3.Laura went on holiday to Miami. She had grown up there as a child.

4. Jane is a famous actress. Her parents are my neighbours.

5. FBI agents arrested Hanssen in February 2001. They caught him red-handed

A Choose the correct answer. 1 . No one saw the spy (where / when / who) installed the secret miniature camera . 2. The criminals were hiding in a house (which / whose / where) the police couldn't find them . 3. That's the man (whose / who / which) children I look after. 4. I'd like to read a book (where / which / who) isn't too serious. 5. Sean Connery is one of the actors (who / which / when) played James Bond. 6. Ill call you back at a time (where / when / who) you can talk for more than just a few minutes.

B Combine the sentences with who, which, where or whose. 1. Rita recently visited London. She had lived in London as a child. 2. The dancer was very famous. He had performed on stage many times.

3. lt's better to water your garden at night. The ground dries less quickly then.

4. The film was excellent. Steve had recommended the film.

5. The famous author, Stephen King, was in a car accident. We had read his book.

6. Mona travelled alone to Kathmandu. She met many backpackers there.

D Translate the sentences into English. 1 . No fue difcil para la polica encontrar al acosador, que haba dejado una pista. 2. Recuerdas el da en el que ocurri el accidente? 3. Cogimos un taxi hasta la embajada britnica, donde renovamos nuestros pasaportes. 4. La carne, que estaba demasiado hecha, saba fatal. 5. Dimos las gracias a los voluntarios cuya organizacin haba acordado ayudamos Combine each pair of sentences with a relative clause. 1 . My sister Kate has loved the theatre since she was a child. She is an actress. 2. I can't find the key. That key opens the front door. 3. Borley Rectory was a haunted house. A man lost his sight in one eye there. 4. Andy feels jealous. His younger brother won a prize. 5. Helena lives far from school. Her mother sometimes drives her home. 6.The book is very interesting. It tells you about life in China.

EXTRA PRACTISE Combine each pair of sentences with a relative clause. 1. There's the boy. He broke the window.

2. The film star gave a party. It cost $10,000.

3. That's the palace. The Queen lives there.

4. You met a man at the party. He is a famous film star.

5. My friend came to the party. He's a policeman.

6. There are the policemen. They caught the thief.

7. What's the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress.

8. I gave her a watch. It stopped after two days.

9. My car was very expensive. It's a Mercedes.

10. You're reading a book. I wanted to read it.

11. The Red Lion is a pub. We met in it for a drink.

12. There's someone at the door. He wants to speak to George.

13. Here are the letters. They arrived this morning.

14. I met Mr Da Silva. He is President of Brazil.

15. It's very spicy food. I don't like it.

16. That's the house. I was born there.

17. Where is the lady? She ordered fish. 18. Those are the cars. They only take unleaded petrol.

19. The children went to New York. They speak English.

20. Do you know the children? They live in that house.

21. Do you like the people. Sarah invited them to her party.

22. The clothes come from C&A. They are good quality.

VERBOS IRREGULARES
BEAT BEAT BEATEN BATIR, GOLPEAR

BECOME

BECAME

BECOME

LLEGAR A CONVERTIRSE EN VENIR CORRER

SER,

COME RUN

CAME RAN

COME RUN

BLOW FLY GROW KNOW THROW

BLEW FLEW GREW KNEW THREW

BLOWN FLOWN GROWN KNOWN THROWN

SOPLAR VOLAR CRECER, CULTIVAR SABER, CONOCER ARROJAR, TIRAR

BURN DREAM HANG LEARN SMELL SPOIL

BURNT/BURNED DREAMT/DREAMED HUNG/HANGED LEARNT/LEARNED SMELT/SMELLED SPOILT/SPOILED

BURNT/BURNED DREAMT/DREAMED HUNG/HANGED LEARNT/LEARNED SMELT/SMELLED SPOILT/SPOILED

QUEMAR SOAR COLGAR APRENDER OLER ARRUINAR, MIMAR

BEGIN DRINK RING SING SINK SPRING SWIM

BEGAN DRANK RANG SANG SANK SPRANG SWAM

BEGUN DRUNK RUNG SUNG SUNK SPRUNG SWUM

EMPEZAR BEBER LLAMAR CANTAR HUNDIRSE SALTAR NADAR

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BET BURST COST CUT HIT HURT LET PUT SET SHUT SPREAD

BET BURST COST CUT HIT HURT LET PUT SET SHUT SPREAD

BET BURST COST CUT HIT HURT LET PUT SET SHUT SPREAD

APOSTAR REVENTAR COSTAR CORTAR GOLPEAR HERIR DEJAR, PERMITIR PONER COLOCAR CERRAR UNTAR, EXTENDER

BLEED DEAL FEED FEEL HEAR KEEP LEAD LEAVE MEAN MEET READ SLEEP SWEEP

BLED DEALT FED FELT HEARD KEPT LED LEFT MEANT MET READ SLEPT SWEPT

BLED DEALT FED FELT HEARD KEPT LED LEFT MEANT MET READ SLEPT SWEPT

SANGRAR COMERCIAR ALIMENTAR SENTIR OR GUARDAR DIRIGIR DEJAR, MARCHARSE SIGNIFICAR CONOCER,REUNIRSE LEER DORMIR BARRER

BEND LEND SEND

BENT LENT SENT

BENT LENT SENT

DOBLAR PRESTAR ENVIAR

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SPELL SPEND

SPELT SPENT

SPELT SPENT

DELETREAR GASTAR DINERO, PASAR EL TIEMPO

BRING BUY FIGHT THINK

BROUGHT BOUGHT FOUGHT THOUGHT

BROUGHT BOUGHT FOUGHT THOUGHT

TRAER COMPRAR LUCHAR PENSAR

DIG STICK STING SPIN

DUG STUCK STUNG SPUN

DUG STUCK STUNG SPUN

CAVAR PEGAR(PEGATINA) PICAR GIRAR

LAY PAY SAY

LAID PAID SAID

LAID PAID SAID

PONER, EXTENDER PAGAR DECIR

STAND UNDERSTAND

STOOD UNDERSTOOD

STOOD UNDERSTOOD

ESTAR DE PIE COMPRENDER

GET SELL TELL

GOT SOLD TOLD

GOT SOLD TOLD

CONSEGUIR VENDER CONTAR

BUILD FIND HAVE HOLD LIE

BUILT FOUND HAD HELD LIED

BUILT FOUND HAD HELD LIED

CONSTRUIR ENCONTRAR TENER SUJETAR MENTIR

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LIGHT LOSE MAKE SHINE SHOOT SIT WIN CATCH

LIT LOST MADE SHONE SHOT SAT WON CAUGHT

LIT LOST MADE SHONE SHOT SAT WON CAUGHT

ENCENDER PERDER HACER, FABRICAR BRILLAR DISPARAR SENTARSE GANAR COGER

FORGIVE GIVE

FORGAVE GAVE

FORGIVEN GIVEN

PERDONAR DAR

SHAKE TAKE

SHOOK TOOK

SHAKEN TAKEN

SACUDIR COGER

SPEAK STEAL BREAK CHOOSE FREEZE

SPOKE STOLE BROKE CHOSE FROZE

SPOKEN STOLEN BROKEN CHOSEN FROZEN

HABLAR ROBAR ROMPER ELEGIR CONGELAR

SWEAR TEAR WEAR

SWORE TORE WORE

SWORN TORN WORN

JURAR ROMPER,DESGARRAR LLEVAR PUESTO

BITE HIDE

BIT HID

BITTEN HIDDEN

MORDER ESCONDER

RIDE

RODE

RIDDEN

MONTAR

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RISE WRITE

ROSE WROTE

RISEN WRITTEN

ELEVAR ESCRIBIR

BE DO DRAW DRIVE EAT FALL FORGET GO LIE SEE SEW SHOW WAKE UP

WAS/WERE DID DREW DROVE ATE FELL FORGOT WENT LAY SAW SEWED SHOWED WOKE UP

BEEN DONE DRAWN DRIVEN EATEN FALLEN FORGOTTEN GONE LAIN SEEN SEWN SHOWN WOKE UP

SER, ESTAR HACER DIBUJAR CONDUCIR COMER CAER OLVIDAR IR TUMBARSE VER COSER MOSTRAR DESPERTARSE

PASSIVE - PASIVA
La voz pasiva se usa cuando no es importante quin realiza la accin. Se forma con to be + participio Sujeto paciente + verbo pasivo (to be+participio)+complementos+(complemento agente). Pasos para pasar una oracin de activa a pasiva. 1. Analizar la oracin y buscar CD o CI para que sea sujeto paciente. Suelen aparecer inmediatamente detrs del verbo de la oracin. The fox is following the chickens in the barn SUJ VB CD CCL

The chickens ...... SUJ PACIENTE 2. Del verbo tomo dos datos: 14

a. Su tiempo verbal para drselo al verbo to be b. Su forma para ponerlo en participio. The fox is following the chickens in the barn Tiempo presente continuo to be = is being Forma follow participio The chickens are being followed. 3. Pongo el resto de complementos: The fox is following the chickens in the barn SUJ VB CD CCL = followed

The chickens are being followed in the barn SUJ PAC VB PASIVO CCL

4. Finalmente ponemos el sujeto activo como complemento agente precedido siempre de la preposicin by. The fox is following the chickens in the barn SUJ VB CD CCL

The chickens are being followed in the barn by the fox. C.AGENTE Casos en los que no se pone complemento agente. Cuando el sujeto activo sea: people: People buy many presents for Christmas Many presents are bought for Christmas. Pronombre personal: She has corrected the exam The exam has been corrected. Compuesto de one o body: Someone stole my car yesterday My car was stolen yesterday. El lgico de la oracin: The firemen put out the fire The fire was put out.

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PASIVA CON CD Y CI Cuando en la oracin activa hay CD y CI podemos hacer dos pasivas, cada una con un sujeto distinto. They brought me a T-shirt from Dublin. I was bought a T-shirt from Dublin.

A T-shirt was brought to me from Dublin. En este caso, si el CD pasa a sujeto, hay que poner to delante del CI. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive. Omit the agent when possible. 1. Engineers are improving mobile phones. 2. They might meet Sue at the station. 3. They didnt tell the children the news. 4. Tim has changed his phone number. 5. Do they speak French in Switzerland? 6. The school will give new students extra help. 7. The policemen were watching him very carefully. 8. John had not signed the paper when we arrived. 9. Do they sell English books at that shop? 10. They are showing my mother the photographs. 11. Should we send the invitations today? 12. The students could have solved the problem earlier. 16

13. The wont give customer free samples. 14. Someone has stolen my bicycle. 15. Have they cleaned the house yet? 16. Theyre building a new hotel in our town. 17. People report many supernatural occurrences each year. 18. It is unlikely that they will ever find an explanation. 19. George Bernard Shaw attended a sance in 1935. 20. Did the inhabitants of Borley Rectory trick the investigator? 21. They promised a full explanation to the residents. 22. They have offered him a new job. 23. The detective was questioning the burglars. 24. He could have deceived you. 25. Tourism has harmed the environment. 26. I heard that someone had stolen his money.

A Choose the correct answer. 1 . People who believe in the supernatural.....................this book. a. shouldn't be read b. should read 2.The house ........ many visitors every year. a. is attracted b. attracts 17

3.The investigators .......by the results of their tests. a. were surprised b. surprised 4.Ghosts ......... in that house. a. often see b. are often seen 5.Mayerling's book ........by many people. a. will read b. will be read

D Choose the correct answer. 1. To this day, no explanation (has been found / had been found) for the mystery of Borley Rectory. 2. As they sat in the room, objects in the room above (are being moved / were being moved). 3. The house (has been investigated / had been investigated) many times before it burnt down 4. Mayerling (could be hurt / could have been hurt) more seriously during the sance in 1935. 5. At present, Mayerling's claims (are being taken / were being taken) seriously by several experts. Complete the sentences with the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets. 1. At the moment several new hotels (build)________________ in our city. 2. Your suggestion (not discuss)_______________________ at yesterdays meeting. 3. (should/bake)____________ this cake____________________ at a high temperature? 4. We saw several cars at the side of the road. They (stop)______________ by the police. 18

5. Every day, thousands of items (produce)_________________ at our factory. 6. In the last decade, a lot of research (do)____________________ in genetics. Complete the sentences using the correct active or passive form of the verbs in brackets. 1. We slept at our aunts house while our flat (paint)_______________________. 2. Kathy wasnt at the party. She (might not/invite)_______________________. 3. The doctor (give) __________ the patient some new medicine yesterday. 4. Im sure the thief (catch) ______________ soon. 5. How many emails (get)_________ John__________ every day? EXTRA PRACTISE Rewrite the sentences in the passive. 1. They arrested her last week.

2. John wrote a letter.

3. They invited ten friends to the party.

4. They have just built a new house.

5. The police caught the thieves yesterday.

6. The maid will clean all the house for tomorrow.

7. My brother hit me.

8. They removed two cars from the street.

9. They have just cleaned the room.

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10. We will build a new house. 1. A bus knocked her down. 2. Barriers were keeping back the flood water. 3. I will pay off my bank loan in five years time. 4. Nobody can hold anything against me. 5. Police blocked off the road. 6. The company laid off 3000 of its employees. 7. The draught blew out the candle. 8. The judge let her off with a fine. 9. The police are holding back the protesters. 10. They laid off thirty more people last week. 11. They locked up the criminal. 12. They put forward an idea for discussion. 13. They will make up a story. 14. They're pulling down the old cinema. 15. This money will make up for the inconvenience. 16. We will continue to lend support to our allies. 17. We've never heard of her. 18. You can hang up your jacket over there.

19. Nobody can hold anything against me.

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20. Police blocked off the road. 21. The company laid off 3000 of its employees. 22. The draught blew out the candle. 23. The judge let her off with a fine. 24. The police are holding back the protesters. 25. They laid off thirty more people last week. 26. They locked up the criminal. 27. They put forward an idea for discussion.

28. They will make up a story. 29. They're pulling down the old cinema. 30. This money will make up for the inconvenience. 31. We will continue to lend support to our allies. 32. We've never heard of her.

33. You can hang up your jacket over there.

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REDACCIN - OPINION ESSAY (80 100 words)

Brainstorming Antes de empezar a escribir haz una lista de tus ideas. Despus decide que ideas son importantes y elimina las irrelevantes. Agrupa las ideas que te quedas por prrafos. Organizacin por prrafos Son redacciones en las que tu expresas tu opinin y la defiendes con argumentos. Tiene cuatro prrafos:

1. Opening paragraph: Escribe de forma general sobre el tema que vas a tratar. Puedes incluir tu opinin en la ltima lnea.(3 o 4 lneas). 2 y 3 Body: defiende tu opinin con razones, hechos y ejemplos.. 4 Closing paragraph: Es una parfrasis del primer prrafo, es decir, dices lo mismo con otras palabras.

Useful language In my opinion As I see it It seems to me that It is clear that I think / believe / feel that I (strongly) believe Obviously Clearly As far as I am concerned Personally Of course Fortunately / unfortunately En mi opinin De la manera en que yo lo veo Me parece que Esta claro que Yo creo que Yo (firmemente) creo que Obviamente Claramente En lo que a mi se refiere Personalmente Por supuesto Afortunada / desafortunadamente

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MODALS MODALES SIMPLES Y PERFECTOS

USES Ability MODAL Can Be able to could Suggestion Can could Request Can Could May (formal) Certainty that something is possible Possibility Cant EXAMPLE He can ski He will be able to drive We could smoke in class We can go to the cinema We could go to the theatre Can you lend me your pen? Could you open the door? May I open the door? She cant study at the university. She is too young.

May Might

Sarah may visit Paul on Saturday Sarah might visit Paul on Saturday You must study English You have to study hard You need to do exercises She must study at St Peters because she is wearing the uniform. You neednt pick me up. Ill take a taxi. You dont have to pick me up. Ill take a taxi. You mustnt smoke in class. You should wear trousers. You ought to wear jeans. You should be more polite. You ought to be more polite. 23

Obligation

Must Have to Need to

Certainty that something is true Lack of obligation

Must

Neednt Dont have to

Prohibition Opinion

Mustnt Should Ought to

Advice

Should Ought to

GRAMMAR A Choose the most suitable modal. 1. (May / Could / Should) you give me directions to Piccadilly Circus? 2. The weather was so hot that we (cannot / couldn't / might not) go outside. 3. We (mustn't / can't / don't have to) get up early on Sundays.

4. Is this seat free? (May / Should / Must) I sit here? 5. In my opinion, you (ought to / may / can) apologise to her. 6.You (may / can / must) switch off your mobile phone in the cinema. 7.I really don't think that you (may / are able to / should) drive so fast.

GRAMMAR A Choose the most suitable modal. 1. (May / Could / Should) you give me directions to Piccadilly Circus? 3. The weather was so hot that we (cannot / couldn't / might not) go outside. 6. We (mustn't / can't / don't have to) get up early on Sundays.

7. Is this seat free? (May / Should / Must) I sit here? 8. In my opinion, you (ought to / may / can) apologise to her. 6.You (may / can / must) switch off your mobile phone in the cinema. 7.I really don't think that you (may / are able to / should) drive so fast.

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C Write a sentence to express what you would say in the following situations. Use at least one modal for each answer. Example: You want the person sitting next to the window to open it. (request) Could you open the window, please? 1.You see a small child swimming alone in a swimming pool. (prohibition) 2.Your friend has lost a valuable necklace. (advice) 3.Tell your friend that it isn't necessary for her to take notes in class. (lack of obligation) 4.You want to borrow your friend's camera. (permission) 5.You tell your friend that you are a good swimmer. (ability) Write what you would say in the following situations. 1. Your friend wants you to go to a film with him, but you have an exam tomorrow. (obligation) 2. Your friend wants to bring food to the party, but there is no need for him to do that. (lack of obligation)

3. You want to listen to your friends CD. (permission)

4. Your friend has been getting low marks recently.(advice) 5. Your friends are at your house but your parents are sleeping and dont want any noise. (prohibition)

6. Your friend thinks she wont succeed in the game but you are convinced she will. (ability)

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Write what you would say in the following situations. 1. Your friend wants you to go to a film with him, but you have an exam tomorrow. (obligation) 2. Your friend wants to bring food to the party, but there is no need for him to do that. (lack of obligation)

3. You want to listen to your friends CD. (permission)

4. Your friend has been getting low marks recently.(advice) 5. Your friends are at your house but your parents are sleeping and dont want any noise. (prohibition)

6. Your friend thinks she wont succeed in the game but you are convinced she will. (ability) B Write a sentence about something: 1.Students must do at school. 2.You have to do at home today. 3.Your friends might do at the weekend. 4.A good friend should/shouldnt do. 5.You cant do now but you think youll be able to do in the future. 6.You can do now but you couldnt do when you were a baby.

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MODAL PERFECTS
Certainty or logical conclusion about an event in the past. Guess about something which happened in the past Ability to do something in the past, but which in the end was not done. Advice which was not followed in the past. Expectations which were not fulfilled in the past. Criticism which was given after an event. Must have + participle He must have worked as a carpenter.

May/might+have+participle She may have won the lottery. Could have +participle Should have + participle He couldnt have heard. He is deaf. You should have studied.

You shouldnt have worn a piercing because it is forbidden. A Complete each sentence with one of the modal perfect forms below. Use each form once. 1. You were very ill. You ...............gone to the doctor. 2. I haven't got my keys. I ..forgotten them. 3. Now you're in trouble. You gone through that red traffic light. 4. You helped me. Why didn't you?

Shouldnt have + participle

5. I'm not sure where she is. She ..gone out.

D Write a sentence for what you might say in the following situations. Use at least one modal perfect each time. 1. You went to the dentist and he said your teeth were in a terrible condition. 2. Rob promised to arrive on time but he is already late. What do you think has happened? 3. It was raining very heavily and your friend drove past you while you were waiting for the bus. 4. You land at the airport, but your suitcase hasnt arrived. In your opinion, what has happened? 27

REPORTED SPEECH
STATEMENTS: ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS Verbos introductores: o She told me (that) o She said to me (that) o She said (that) Cambios en los tiempos verbales: o Present Past o Past Past perfect o Will would o Can could o May might o Must had to Cambios en las expresiones temporales: o Now then o Today that day o Yesterday the day before o Last week the week before o Tomorrow the following day o Next week the following week o Ago before Cambios en adverbio: o Here there Cambio en pronombres y determinantes o This that o These those Cambios lgicos de la oracin. Ejemplo: Cristina: I am very happy today. Cristina said that she was very happy that day.

QUESTIONS: PREGUNTAS Verbo introductor (ms comn): She asked (me) YES/NO QUESTIONS : VERBO INTRO + IF + SUJ + VERB + COMPL Ejemplo: Do you like English? The teacher asked me if I liked English. WH- QUESTIONS: VERBO INRO + WH- WORD + SUJ + VERB + COMPL Ejemplo: What did you do yesterday? Cristina asked me what I had done the day before.

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COMMANDS: ORDENES VERBO INTRO + TO + INFINITIVO + NOT TO + INFINITIVO Verbo introductor: o She ordered (me) Ejemplo: Open the book. Cristina ordered me to open the book Dont speak in the English class. Cristina ordered me not to speak in class. SUGGESTIONS: SUGERENCIAS VERBO INTRO + V-ing Verbo introductor: o She suggested (me) Ejemplo: Lets go to an Italian restaurant tonight. Cristina suggested going to an Italian restaurant that night. Choose the correct answer: 1. I enjoy my work said the policeman. The policeman said that she enjoyed/had enjoyed her work.

2. He stole my bag yesterday insisted the woman. The woman insisted that he was stealing/had stolen her bag the day before.

3. Ill give you all the information, the suspect told the investigator that he would give/gave him all the information.

4. The weather has been terrible, complained the man. The man complained that the weather was/had been terrible.

5. We are going to watch a film in class today, announced the teacher. The teacher announced that they were going to watch/are going to watch a film in class that day.

6. We cant help you, they told her. They told her that they wouldnt/couldnt help her.

Choose the correct answer. 1. "I don't know what to wear." Lisa said that she (hadn't known / didn't know) what to wear.

2. "The party is going to be fantastic." They said that the party (is going to be / was going to be) fantastic. 29

3. "We didn't tell anyone!" Kate and Carol claimed that they (didn't tell / hadn't told) anyone.

4. "Rodney is watching TV." Jackie informed me that Rodney (had watched / was watching) TV.

5. "Some boys broke this window." She told us that some boys (were breaking / had broken) that window.

6. "The 6.15 train is going to arrive late." They announced that the 6.15 train (is going to / was going to) arrive late.

Change the sentences into reported speech. 1. Ill miss you next summer My boyfriend told me that 2. These students must get help now The teacher said that 3. I am having a party here tonight. Laura said that 4. You didnt try hard enough yesterday My coach complained that 5. I cant find my ring The man said that 6. I closed the shop early today. She mentioned that 7. I have passed all my exams. The student boasted that 8. You are making too much noise Our neighbours complained that

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Change the sentences into reported speech. 1 . "Doug will arrive late tomorrow." I heard that 2. "He closed the shop early." She mentioned that 3. "I am working in a flower shop." Julie says that 4. "We don't know what we will do." They said that 5. "Ottawa is the capital of Canada." The tour guide told us that 6. "Alison is going to meet me at 9 o'clock." Tommy informed me that 7. "I can't stand these colours." She said that 8. I bought this shirt last year. She told me that . Change the questions into reported speech. 1. Do you exercise a lot? the doctor asked Mr. Smith. 2. Has there been a lot of crime in this city? the tourist asked 3. How many suspects did they arrest? the lawyers wondered 4. Did you watch the new reality TV programme last night? Ian wanted to know 5. Where can I find tickets to the show the man inquired. Change the following orders and suggestions to indirect speech. 1. Be quiet! The teacher ordered the students 2. Dont forget to turn off the lights My dad told me

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3.

Lets buy tickets to the concert! My friend suggested

4. Dont come into my garden!. The old man warned us 5. Come home right away. My mum told me 6. Lets not go out tonight. He suggested 7. Please dont shout. She asked me A Report the questions, orders and suggestions. 1. "Listen to this song!" Laura told me

2. "Have you got enough money?" My mother asked me .

3. "Don't do anything until you hear from me."

He told

4. "How many people are coming to the concert?" The singer inquired

5. "Let's go home."

She suggested

A Report the questions and orders. 1. "Look at me!" Sarah shouted to us

2. My mother asked, "Where did you put the groceries?"

3. "When does the last train leave for Brighton?" Kathy inquired.

4. "Do you know anyone here?" I asked Dennis.

5. "Call us when you arrive in London, Jane," her parents said .

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6. "Don't open this door!" the lion tamer shouted .

7. "Let's listen to my new CD," she suggested.

Change the following sentences into direct speech. 1. Helen told me that she liked my new haircut.

2. Matt promised that he wouldnt be late for the meeting that afternoon.

3. The teacher told us not to talk during the lesson.

4. Sara suggested that we bring those CDs to the party. Change the sentences into reported speech. 1. I will explain everything tomorrow Peter promised that 2. I didnt go to school yesterday The girl admitted that 3. I like this kind of food The customer said that 4. We havent seen Patricia today The girls claimed that 5. I cant concentrate here. The student complained that 6. Dont open that envelope before your birthday My friend insisted 7. Dont do the washing up before you go out. My mother told me 8. Lets have a party for Louise. 33

I suggested 9. Dont touch that . The policeman warned 10. Discuss your idea with the headmistress My teacher suggested 11. Finish the work by Thursday. His boss ordered

MAKE/DO
Las collocations son frases hechas. Vamos a estudiar las que aparecen con los verbos make y do: MAKE Make a mistake cometer un error Make a noise hacer ruido Make money ganar dinero Make a difference marcar una diferencia Make friendo hacer amigos

DO Do (someone) a favour hacer un favor Do business hacer negocios Do your best hacer lo mejor que puedas Do homework hacer los deberes Do the right thing hacer lo adecuado Do the dishes lavar los platos

B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the collocations in A 1. My clothes are too tight for me. I need to __________________ 2. Theyre over an hour late. They must have ________________ 34

3. John seldom _______, but this time he was furious. 4. After the first five minutes of the film, we _________ because it was so boring. 5. She almost ________ with worrying when her daughter came home late. 6. The president ______________ when the scandal broke out.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER Complete each sentence with a word below. Mistake, favour, noise, difference, business, best 1. Could you do me a _________________ and bring me the homework? 2. Dont make a __________________ or he will hear us. 3. It doesnt make a ___________ to me. Whatever you decide will be fine with me. 4. Theyve done ___________ together many times, so they decided to become partners. 5. Our coach always reminds us that its not winning that is important, but doing your __________________. 6. I made a ___________. I shouldnt have taken this bag with me. Copy the following words in the right place. 1. a noise 2. the right thing 3. a mistake 4. friends 5. my bed 6. my best 7. business 8. the dishes 9. money 10. someone a favour 35

11. a difference 12. my homework do___________________________ do___________________________ do___________________________ do___________________________ do___________________________ do___________________________ make ________________________ make ________________________ make ________________________ make ________________________ make ________________________ make ________________________

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ADJECTIVES WITH ED AND ING ADJETIVOS EN ED/-ING

Hay algunos adjetivos que se forman aadindole ed o ing al verbo. * Los adjetivos con ed sufren la accin del verbo del que procede: A bored boy  un chico aburrido, est aburrido. * Los adjetivos en ing realizan la accin del verbo del que procede: A boring boy  un chico aburrido, que aburre a los dems.

A Read the sentences and answer the questions that follow.

His shocked colleagues described him as a serious and quiet man. One of the most shocking pieces of information was the fact that the Americans had built a secret tunnel.
1. Which noun does the adjective in bold in each of the sentences describe? 2. Which adjective describes a feeling / state? 3. Which adjective describes a noun that causes a feeling / state? 4. How do you say these adjectives in your language? B Choose the correct answer. 1. Grandfather was (surprised / surprising) when his family organised a party for him. 2. The news had a very (surprised / surprising) effect on us all. 3. The actor did not like the (damaged / damaging) article about him in the newspaper. 4. The building was (damaged / damaging) during the war. 5. This is an (amazing / amazed) discovery which will help mankind. 6. We were all (boring / bored) and slept through the play. 7. lan has got a very (interested / interesting) story to tell. 37

8. I knew he hadn't understood because of his (confusing / confused) expression.

A Choose the correct answer. 1 . When Dave heard that his best friend had won the competition, he was very (excited I exciting). 2. We are (pleasing I pleased) that you've decided to accept our offer. 3. I enjoy physics, but most people think it's (bored I boring). 4. The joke wasn't that (amusing I amused), but everyone laughed anyway. 5. Jeff was very (surprised I surprising) when his exgirlfriend walked into the room. 6. Natalie is an (amazed I amazing) cook. You should taste her cakes!

Rewrite the sentences with the correct adjectives. 1. Large dogs terrify me. I am ...................................... . 2. The news about his death shocked him. The news ............................... . 3. Playing golf bores me. I think that golf ...................... . 4. His stories always amuse everyone. Everyone

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REDACCIN - WRITING AN INFORMAL LETTER ORDER a) b) c) d) e) f) g) direccin de la persona que escribe (justo al revs que en espaol) fecha saludo inicial, siempre con dear resumen del contenido de la carta desarrollo del contenido de la carta primer saludo de despedida : Looking forward to hearing from you soon segundo y ltimo saludo de despedida: Best wishes/ Lots of love a) 32 Castle Street, Harrogate North Yorks b) 26th February, 2002 c) Dear Dave, d) Im sorry I havent written to you for such a long time. Recently, Ive been very busy, but today I have some free time at last. e) A lot has happened since I last wrote to you. As you know, I moved to

Harrogate a few months ago. (I hope I remembered to tell you that!) At first I felt quite depressed because I missed all my old friends, but things have improved. Last week I went on a class trip and got to know the kids in my class a lot better. I was sure they were snobs when I first met them, but now I feel comfortable with everyone. I went to a party last weekend and had a great time. They often have parties here, so it looks like Ill be quite busy in the future. f) g) Looking forward to hearing from you soon. I want to hear all your news. Lots of love, Helen. EXERCISE Write Daves reply to Helen. Make sure that you:

Use the above letter as a model. Include the address and a date. Use informal language and the correct punctuation.

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