DNA Unit

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1.

A 3-nucleotide sequence complementary to the codon is called the A 3-nucleotide sequence on the mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid is called the A long molecule made up of many repeating subunits is a How many carbon atoms are in deoxyribose? How many different amino acids are used to make most human proteins? How many different anticodons are there? How many different codons are possible? Identify the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

anti-codon

21.

The shorter pieces of DNA that are used to fill in the gaps have 2 names: The subunits are called These enzymes begin at a location on the DNA called This enzyme also To which carbon atom do the nitrogeous bases bind? To which carbon atoms do the phosphates bind? What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?

lagging strands Okazaki fragments monomers ORI (origin of replication) proofreads and corrects mistakes 1' 3' and 5' Deoxyribose sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Mature mRNA primary transcript Forms part of the structure of the ribosome and helps during translation ribosome nucleus Phosphate Sugar tRNA (transfer RNA) Simple sugars or monosaccharides Nucleotides Fatty acids and glycerol Amino acids Phosphate Sugar 3' UTR

2.

codon

22. 23.

3.

Polymer (or macromolecule) 5 20 61 64 Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases Protein

24.

4.

25.

5.

26.

6.

27.

7.

8.

28.

What is the final, edited version of the RNA called? What is the initial, unedited version of the RNA copy called? What is the role of Ribosomal (rRNA)?

29.

9.

It does this by

30.

10.

Name the polymer that cells use for structural purposes (e.g., hair, skin), communication (neurotransmitters, hormones) and protection (antibodies) New nucleotides are added by the enzyme Replication occurs in which direction? The 3-D shape of DNA is a The anti-codon is found on which molecule? The enzyme that connects them together is called The enzyme that unzips the double strands of DNA is called The initial, longer strands of replicated DNA are called The process of copying DNA is called The process of making an RNA copy of DNA is called The process of making protein from mRNA is called

31. 32. 33.

Where does it occur? Where does it occur? Which 2 parts form the backbone (sides) of the DNA ladder? Which molecule delivers the correct amino acids Which monomer makes it up? Which monomer makes them up? Which monomers make it up? Which monomers make it up? Which of these parts is negatively charged Which part of the backbone connects directly to the nitrogenous bases? Which part of the primary transcript can have a Poly-A tail indicating that the protein to be made must go to the Golgi to be packaged into a vesicle for excretion?

11.

DNA polymerase 5' 3' double helix tRNA

34.

12. 13. 14.

35.

36.

15.

ligase helicase leading strands

37.

16.

38. 39.

17.

40.

18. 19.

replication transcription translation

41.

20.

42.

Which part of the primary transcript contains portions of the gene that will be translated and that must be spliced together? Which part of the primary transcript has an "on/off" switch controlling the quantity of mRNAs to be made? Which parts get spliced out (removed)? Which polymer acts as storage energy, insulation, and makes up a large portion of the plasma membrane? Which polymer includes both DNA and RNA? Which polymer is the primary energy source for animals? Which scientists cut up DNA and analyzed the bases and determined that the number of Adenine always equaled the number of Thymine? Which scientists won the Nobel prize for making the first accurate 3-D model of DNA? Which type of RNA is made during this process? Which word is used to describe how the 2 strands of DNA run in opposite directions, but parallel to each other? Who was the scientist who used X-rays to determine that the DNA molecule is a spiral or helix? Why the difference?

exons

54.

Why?

DNA is too big to leave the nucleus DNA shouldn't leave the nucleus because it is protected there

43.

5' UTR

44.

5' UTR, 3'UTR, introns Lipids

45.

46.

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates

47.

48.

Chargoff

49.

Watson and Crick

50.

messenger RNA (mRNA)

51.

antiparallel

52.

Rosalind Franklin

53.

3 codons are "Stop" codons and do not code for any amino acids. Since anti-codons are only associated with amino acids, there is no need for an anticodon to match the stop codons