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Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
Uniqueness Theorem
Purpose: To determine under what conditions our source-field solution is unique
Gi G i Given: Sources J , M radiating in a lossy material medium with profile: = j , = j , G G The electric and magnetic fields radiated by J i , M i satisfy: G G Gi G G Gi E = j H + M ; H = ( j + ) E + J
(1)
Ga G a Gb G b Assume 2 sets of solutions that satisfy (1): E , H and E , H : Ga Ga Gi Ga G a Gi + )E + J H + M ; H = ( j E = j Gb Gb G i Gb G b Gi + )E + J H + M ; H = ( j E = j Subtracting (3) G from (2): G Gt G G Gt + ) E = J H = M ; H = ( j E = j where, G G G G G G E = Ea Eb; H = H a H b
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EE625
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
(6)
From (4) we can derive the Poynting Theorem based on the difference fields: G G* G G G G* G * w E H ds + ( E ( j + ) E + H ( j ) H )dv = 0
S V
(7)
where
(11)
(12)
The real and the imaginary parts must be zero separately. Thus,
2/7
EE625
{
V
V
G2 G ( + ) E + H
G2 j E
} dv = 0 G + j H } dv = 0
2
2
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
(13) (14)
(15)
3/7
EE625
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
Observations:
We stated that a unique solution, G G * for G G *we must have: G ds = 0 w E H ds = 0 , or w E H n
S S
G* G =w H n Eds = 0
S
(16)
It is noted G that (16) is satisfied when: G G G E is uniquely specified over the entire surface S. Then, n E = 0 over S, and E and a) n H are G* G G unique. = 0 over S, and E and G H is uniquely specified over the entire surface S. then H n b) n H are unique. G G E is H is known over the remaining part of S, c) WhenG n G known over a part of S, and n then E and G H are unique. G G G d) Both n E and n H are uniquely specified over the entire surface S, then E and H are unique.
4/7
EE625
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
Uniqueness Theorem
Gi Gi G G A field E , H in a lossy region radiated by sources J and M can be uniquely specified within Gi Gi the region by the sources J and M plus the tangential projection of the electric or magnetic fields on S.
Lossless Medium , , 0 :
In general, the uniqueness theorem breaks down for lossless media. It is still applied to a lossless problem in the limit that the losses tend to zero. Is this a concern? No, the physical world is lossy.
5/7
EE625
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
G G J i, M i
, ,
G H n
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EE625
Computational Electromagnetics
Prof. S. Gedney
G G J i, M i
V
, ,
G H n
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