Tuesday 5th February 2013

Enzymes

Learning Objectives (Syllabus Points)

Define enzyme and active site Explain enzyme-substrate specificity Explain the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity Define denaturation Explain the use of lactase in the production of lactose-free milk

http://vanessaruns.com/2010/07/08/post95/

Groups
Explain enzyme-substrate specificity and define enzyme and active site
Jess, Anne-Kathrin, Vin, Harriet

Explain the effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on enzyme activity and define denaturation
Kate, Emmanuelle, Meghan, Kyle

Explain the use of lactase in the production of lactose-free milk

Georgia, Calvin, Louis, Anne-Sophie

Instructions to Marketplace
1 minute look at test to be taken at the end of the
lesson. No notes to be taken yet

13 minutes Poster creation must be designed

for visitors to view and understand. No more than 10 words can be used

9 minutes The group will split, 2 of you will be

researchers and one of you the stall holder

9 minutes Everyone must return to their stall and

teach the content to the stall holder

9 minutes Test is conducted in exam conditions

Test to be taken at the end of the lesson

1. Define the term active site of an enzyme. (1 mark) 2. Explain the effect of pH on enzyme activity.

(3 marks) 3. Outline enzyme-substrate specificity.

(5 marks) 4. Simple laboratory experiments show that when the enzyme lactase is mixed with lactose, the initial rate of reaction is highest at 48 C. In food processing, lactase is used at a much lower temperature, often at 5 C. Suggest reasons for using lactase at relatively low temperatures. (3 marks)

Answers
1 A site where a substrate binds to 2 Enzymes have an optimal pH; lower activity above and below optimum pH / graph showing this; too acidic / basic pH can denature enzyme; change shape of active site / tertiary structure altered; substrate cannot bind to active site / enzyme-substrate complex cannot form; hydrogen / ionic bonds in the enzyme / active site are broken / altered; 3 Active site of enzyme binds to specific substrate; Shape of active site and substrate fit/complement each other; Lock and key model; Enzyme/active site is not rigid and substrate can induce slight changes in shape; Allows substrates of similar structure to bind with same enzyme; Induced fit model; Causes weakening in bonds of substrate and so lowers activation energy; 4 Less denaturation / enzymes last longer at lower temperatures; lower energy costs / less energy to achieve 5 C compared to 48 C; reduces bacterial growth / reduces (milk) spoilage; to form products more slowly / to control rate of reaction;