SOV language Korean is classified as an SOV language, which stands for word order.

English on the other hand is an SVO language. A subject is the one who acts. An object is the one who receives the subjects action. <English> Yunho loves Jaejoong. Who loves Jaejoong? Yunho does. Who is loved by Yunho? Jaejoong is. In Korean this sentence will be in the the word order: <Korean> Yunho Jaejoong loves. Topic-prominent language Although we call it a subject, its position is not for subjects, the actor, only. A topic can also be in the position. A topic may not be an actor, but the one which the sentence is about. Let's take an example: You bumped into a friend after lunch. Your friend asks you, "Hey, how about a lunch?" You might want to say, "Lunch? I already had it. How about a cup of coffee?" The first part of this speech can be understood, 'As for (or, speaking of) lunch, I already ate it.' In Korean, this can be stated simply: <Korean> Food, I ate. Agglutinating language Now, you may have been confused, saying, "I don't get it. How come no one interprets it 'A food ate me.'?" This is where the powerful function of particles, endings, and conjugation comes in. By attaching these little grammatical devices, you label each words, so that your words come into places without causing misunderstanding. Basic Sentence Formation: {Subject/Topic+particle} + {Object+particle} + {Verb/Adjective+conjugation} Consonants () Consonant chart Plain-Aspirated-Tensed [k] [k'] [kk]

 [n] [t] [t'] [tt] [R or L] [m] [p] [p'] [pp] [s] [ss] [zero / ng ] [ch] [ch'] [cc] [h] Dictionary Order: (), , (), , , (), (), , (), , , , , Aspirated ones are with more puff of air than the plain ones. As for tensed ones, you add more stricture, but without puff of air, when letting out the sound. Tensed ones are difficult for beginners, and many students take long time to acquire the correct pronunciation. Pronouncation Help: is similar to g as in god. is similar to k as in sky. is similar to k as in kill. is similar to d as in do. is similar to t as in stop. is similar to t as in two. is similar to tt as in butter (not [t] but a flap like a Spanish [r]), in a syllable initial position. is similar to l as in filling, in a syllable final () position. is similar to b as in bad. is similar to p as in spy. is similar to p as in pool. is similar to s as in astronaut. is similar to s as in suit. is similar to j as in jail. is similar to tz as in pretzel.

 is similar to ch as in charge. is similar to h as in hat. Vowels ()

Simple-Palatalized-Labiovelarized-Others [a] [ya] [ae] [yae] [o^] [yo^] [e] [ye] [o] [yo] [wa]/ [wae] [oe] [yu] [wo^]/ [we] [ui] [u^] [none] [none] [u^i] [i]

Pronounciation: (, ), , (, ), , (, , ), , (, , ), , (), is similar to "Ah". is similar to "yard". is similar to "cut". is similar to "just" or "Eliot". is similar to "order". is similar to " Yoda". is similar to " Ungaro". is similar to "you". is similar to "good" or "le chatau".

 is similar to "easy". is similar to "add". is similar to "yam". is similar to " editor". is similar to " yes". is similar to " Wow!" or "what". is similar to "wagon". is similar to "Koeln". is similar to " one". is similar to " weather". is similar to "we" or "Oui!". Traditional vowel classification: Traditionally, vowels are classified into three categories, that is yang (bright), yin (dark), and neutral. This classification is very important, for it will be used when we learn conjugation of predicates and some phonological aspects of Korean. The classification also principles the vowel-hamp3ony phenomena that Korean has as a member of Altaic language family. The cassification is as follows: yang (bright) -- and series (, , , , ) yin (dark) -- and series (, , , , ) neutral -- and 3. How to make a character out of alphabet Each character is designed to represent one syllable, the structure of which may be described as ? where C stands for a consonant, and V does a vowel--?means that the consonant in the position is optional. ? + V + (CC) initial consonant vowel final consonant (coda) Some vowels are placed on the right side of the initial consonant; some are placed underneath the initial consonant: Vowels , , (and their derivatives, i.e. , , ,) are placed on the right; and vowels , , are placed undersneath the initial consonant. Final consonants are always placed at the bottom. E.g) + + = [kam] + + =[ kuk]

++= + = [na] + = [hwa] + = [ae] + + = [ot] + + = [kot] + + = [kkot] + + = [pat] + + = [hu^] + + = [o^p] + + = [tto^ ] NB) Final consonant clusters: , , , , , , , , , , Except for , , , , , , (ones with placed befre another consonant), when followed by another consonant or nothing, the second consonant of the cluster becomes silent. This second consonant will come alive when there is a vowel after it. = kap "price" + = kap kwa "price and" + = kapsi "price (with a subject particle)" Final clusters with '+consonant' formations are pronounced with slight irregularity. As for , , , , , the foregoing liquid sound [] of the cluster is ignored when followed by another consonant or nothing. This comes alive when the cluster is followed by another vowel. However, Seoul speakers (and many other regions too) tend to throw in a touch of liquid sound for the even when the cluster is followed by a consonant or nothing. = sa(l)m "a living" + = sal mi "a living (with a subject particle)" In clusters and , however, [] is alive even when followed by another consosnant. + = kku^l k'o "boil and.." [u]Random Vocab [jagisogae] Self-introduction [sogaehada] To introduce oneself

 [Mannaseo ban-gapsseumnida.] It's a pleasure to meet you. 000 [ Jeoneun 000rago haeyo.] My name is [geunmuhada] To work [ miguk] The United States of America (U.S.A) [Sikago-eseo wasseoyo.] I am from Chicago. [ han-guk] Korea [ilnyeon] One year [anae] Wife [ai] Children [ golpeu] Golf [tenisseu] Tennis 9 [spocheu] Sports [joahada] To enjoy [jayeon] Nature [areumdaptta] Beautiful [saramdeul] People u [chinjeol-hada] Friendly (kind) [ chukku] Soccer [ yagu] Baseball [ takku] Table tennis [tenisseu] Tennis [bolling] Bowling [ danggu] Pool [suyeong] Swimming [ dalligi] Running(jogging) [maraton] Marathon [seungma] Horseback riding [chejo] Gymnastics [haki] Hockey [haendeubol] Handball [baedeuminteon] Badminton [ yanggung] Archery [ golpeu] Golf

SOV language Korean is classified as an SOV language, which stands for word order. English on the other hand is an SVO language. A subject is the one who acts. An object is the one who receives the subjects action. <English> Yunho loves Jaejoong. Who loves Jaejoong? Yunho does. Who is loved by Yunho? Jaejoong is. In Korean this sentence will be in the the word order: <Korean> Yunho Jaejoong loves. Topic-prominent language Although we call it a subject, its position is not for subjects, the actor, only. A topic can also be in the position. A topic may not be an actor, but the one which the sentence is about. Let's take an example: You bumped into a friend after lunch. Your friend asks you, "Hey, how about a lunch?" You might want to say, "Lunch? I already had it. How about a cup of coffee?" The first part of this speech can be understood, 'As for (or, speaking of) lunch, I already ate it.' In Korean, this can be stated simply: <Korean> Food, I ate. Agglutinating language Now, you may have been confused, saying, "I don't get it. How come no one interprets it 'A food ate me.'?" This is where the powerful function of particles, endings, and conjugation comes in. By attaching these little grammatical devices, you label each words, so that your words come into places without causing misunderstanding. Basic Sentence Formation: {Subject/Topic+particle} + {Object+particle} + {Verb/Adjective+conjugation} Pronouncation Help for vowels an contesents of the Korean alphabet: is similar to g as in god. is similar to k as in sky. is similar to k as in kill.

 is similar to d as in do. is similar to t as in stop. is similar to t as in two. is similar to tt as in butter (not [t] but a flap like a Spanish [r]), in a syllable initial position. is similar to l as in filling, in a syllable final () position. is similar to b as in bad. is similar to p as in spy. is similar to p as in pool. is similar to s as in astronaut. is similar to s as in suit. is similar to j as in jail. is similar to tz as in pretzel. is similar to ch as in charge. is similar to h as in hat. is similar to "Ah". is similar to "yard". is similar to "cut". is similar to "just" or "Eliot". is similar to "order". is similar to " Yoda". is similar to " Ungaro". is similar to "you". is similar to "good" or "le chatau". is similar to "easy". is similar to "add". is similar to "yam". is similar to " editor". is similar to " yes". is similar to " Wow!" or "what". is similar to "wagon". is similar to "Koeln". is similar to " one". is similar to " weather".

 is similar to "we" or "Oui!".

How to make a character out of alphabet: Each character is designed to represent one syllable, the structure of which may be described as ? where C stands for a consonant, and V does a vowel--?means that the consonant in the position is optional. ? + V + (CC) initial consonant vowel final consonant (coda) Some vowels are placed on the right side of the initial consonant; some are placed underneath the initial consonant: Vowels , , (and their derivatives, i.e. , , ,) are placed on the right; and vowels , , are placed undersneath the initial consonant. Final consonants are always placed at the bottom. E.g) + + = [kam] Random Vocab [jagisogae] Self-introduction [sogaehada] To introduce oneself [Mannaseo ban-gapsseumnida.] It's a pleasure to meet you. 000 [ Jeoneun 000rago haeyo.] My name is [geunmuhada] To work [ miguk] The United States of America (U.S.A) [Sikago-eseo wasseoyo.] I am from Chicago. [ han-guk] Korea [ilnyeon] One year [anae] Wife [ai] Children [ golpeu] Golf [tenisseu] Tennis 9 [spocheu] Sports [joahada] To enjoy [jayeon] Nature [areumdaptta] Beautiful [saramdeul] People

u [chinjeol-hada] Friendly (kind) [ chukku] Soccer [ yagu] Baseball [ takku] Table tennis [tenisseu] Tennis [bolling] Bowling [ danggu] Pool [suyeong] Swimming [ dalligi] Running(jogging) [maraton] Marathon [seungma] Horseback riding [chejo] Gymnastics [haki] Hockey [haendeubol] Handball [baedeuminteon] Badminton [ yanggung] Archery [ golpeu] Golf