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Hindu-Muslim Relations during National Movement & Gandhi (Free Available) Serbian Government Approves Kosovo Deal (Only For Premium Members)
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HINDU-MUSLIM RELATIONS DURING NATIONAL MOVEMENT & GANDHI

The Hindu-Muslim relations during the freedom struggle were not ordered by individuals only. They were sadly built into the making and unmaking of our nationalist idioms as, for example, the Hindi-Urdu controversy had shown. Although language and religion do not necessarily converge, the image conjured up was that they do. The Mahatmas
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misfortune was that when the communal passions could be whipped up, his Ram-Rahim recipe turned distasteful to all but the sanest. As the author points out, The Christians disapproved his stand on conversion; the Sikhs did not think of him as their friend; the RSS brigade addressed him as Mahmud Gandhi; some others said that his reading of the Quran defiled a temple. If the story of our freedom struggle showcases phases and examples in which Gandhian moral power seemed to gain exceptional ascendancy, there were no fewer instances or indications of it losing appeal or having impact on the course of things. After the Non-cooperation-Khilafat phase of the movement the Gandhian mystique was less evident among the Muslim masses, and arguments, parleys or bargains with the Muslim League were not the best ways to achieve integrative nationalism. When the League and the Congress were driven by political interests, Gandhis moral recipe was politely brushed aside. They placed him on a high pedestal, listened to him respectfully, but bypassed him on serious policy matters. On Partition, he was told to retire to the Himalayas. Faith and Freedom offers a fine intellectual menu on Indian freedom movement as well as Gandhis place in it. Mushirul Hasan draws extensively from the archival sources, from the best of the primary and secondary accounts on the subject, and he sensitively prises out historical wisdom from the poetry and literature of the period. Akbar Ilahabadi, Saadat Hasan Manto, Ismat Chughtai and others illumine the themes and times. He is aware that while historical reality cannot be objectively presented, nor its value determined by a victory in a plebiscite, its complexities can be honestly confronted and explained. Freedom struggle was not all about driving the British out of the country. It was about constituting the nation in the context of the colonial rule in which the various stake-holders struggled to be heard and adopted ideologies and strategies that did not necessarily conform to those of the Congress or of the Mahatma. Colonial modernity provided the site for nationalist definition and use of both faith and freedom, with its concomitant clashes, truces and violence. Faith and Freedom is a scholarly book which brings out the richness and complexities of Indias struggle for freedom and of Gandhian leadership, without quite equating the two. Instead, it raises the issues that they grappled over and the people who were drawn into them, which both enlarges and enriches the canvas of our understanding.

CROWD SOURCING SCIENCE

Agroup of Russian space enthusiasts has shown the world how citizen science can contribute to scientific advancement. They have spotted in an image four objects that supposedly belong to the defunct Russian Mars 3 spacecraft that landed on the Red Planet on December 2, 1971. The four objects parachute, heat shield, terminal retrorocketand lander that resemble the Mars 3 mission were identified in an image taken by the HiRISE camera on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. They are seen in a follow-up image as well. Thanks to the amateurs, the Mars 3 lander, which transmittedsignals for 14.5 seconds before falling silent, hascome alive in a different way. Since nearly 2,500 computers were required for viewing the high resolution image, crowdsourcing was resorted to. This is not the first time that crowdsourcing has been used for solving complex scientific problems. The concept was popularised way back in 1999 by the SETI@home project at the University of California,Berkeley; the project
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was to search for alien signals from radio telescope data. The August 2010 discovery of a rare pulsar (PSR J2007+2722), the first astronomical object to be found through volunteer computing, attracted worldwide attention. Today, hundreds of citizen science projects have been completed and many more are in different stages of completion. In the past few years, citizenscience has evolved tremendously; current projects require active participation in the form of collecting data from the field, in much the same way scientists do. The concept has become acceptable and popularamong scientists of late. In fact, researchers are using citizen science to justify and improve the possibility of getting funding. That hundreds of papers based on citizen science data have been published in reputed journals, including Science , is proof of how traditional science has come to accept the model.

SERBIAN GOVERNMENT APPROVES KOSOVO DEAL

The Serbian government approved a landmark agreement to normalise relations with breakaway Kosovo, but thousands of Kosovo Serb demonstrators, chanting Treason, Treason, rejected the deal. Up to 10,000 flag-waving protesters gathered in the divided northern Kosovo town of Mitrovica, demanding that the EU-brokered agreement be annulled and branding the Serbian officials who endorsed it traitors. The Serbian government approved the deal unanimously at an extraordinary session and ordered ministries to implement it, said government spokesman Milivoje Mihajlovic. The agreement could end years of tensions and put the Balkan rivals on a path to EU membership The Prime Ministers of Serbia and Kosovo reached a tentative EU-mediated deal in Brussels on Friday that would give Kosovos ethnic Albanian leadership authority over rebel Kosovo Serbs. In return, the minority Serbs would get wide autonomy within Kosovo. Kosovo, which is considered by nationalists to be the medieval cradle of the Serbian state and religion, declared independence in 2008. Serbia has vowed never to recognise it, and Serbian officials insist that the latest agreement does not mean Belgrade has defacto recognised Kosovos statehood. It is not clear how the deal will be implemented on the ground in northern Kosovo where hardline Serb leaders vehemently reject any authority coming from Pristinas ethnic Albanians and consider the region a part of Serbia. In Mitrovica, hardline Kosovo Serbs said they will prevent the implementation of the agreement and form a self-ruled region in the north. Kosovos Parliament voted in favour of a resolution to support the initial agreement. The Serbian Parliament is expected to do the same later this week. Ending the partition of Kosovo between the Albanian majority and the Serb-controlled north about a fifth of the country is a key condition of Serbias further progress toward EU membership.

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