Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)

This problem set considers the "classic" Bourdet example for a pressure buildup test analyzed using
derivative type curve analysis. For completeness, the Bourdet, et al. paper is also attached however,
you must provide your own analysis you are to only use the Bourdet analysis as a guide, there are considerable differences of opinion as to what the "right" answers should be.
Be sure to work the problem using BOTH shut-in time (t) and effective shut-in time (te). Recall that te
is the time function for the equivalent pressure drawdown case. A Horner plot is provided, as well as the
semilog t and effective shut-in time te plots you are to use all of these plots.
Finally, for some reason, Bourdet, et al. chose not to work in terms of pressure, pws, but instead to work in
terms of the pressure drop, p. This is not a limitation, but it does require that you use p1hr rather than
pws,1hr-pwf(t=0) in the semilog skin factor relation.
For your convenience, the governing relations for type curve analysis using the "Bourdet -Gringarten" type
curves are:
Formation Permeability:
k = 141.2

'
qB pwD or pwD MP
h
p or p' MP

Dimensionless Wellbore Storage Coefficient:

C D = 0.0002637

Skin Factor:
s=

[t or te ]MP
2 [t / C ]
ct rw D D MP
k

2s
1 C D e MP

ln
CD
2

Notes:
a. The Bourdet-Gringarten type curves for radial flow behavior, including wellbore storage and skin
effects, are provided in a 1 inch-by-1 inch format in this handout.
b. You have also been provided with log-log "pressure and pressure integral RATIO function" plots and
type curves. Use of these materials is at your discretion, BUT you should note that these functions
may significantly improve your ability to assess the transition and end of wellbore storage effects.
You are strongly encouraged to use these resources.
You are NOT required to use these pressure and pressure integral RATIO functions, they are provided
to assist your analysisand are not intended to confuse you.
c. You are to provide a comprehensive HAND ANALYSIS of these test data type curves are provided
for hand analysis. You are also permitted to perform SUPPLEMENTARY analyses of these data
using software (e.g., your own software, Saphir, FAST, etc.) HOWEVER, YOU ARE REQUIRED
TO SUBMIT HAND ANALYSES OF THESE DATA.

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve Dimensionless Pressure and Pressure Derivative Functions
Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve: Dimensionless Pressure and Pressure Derivative Functions

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve Dimensionless Pressure Integral and Pressure Integral-Derivative Functions
Bourdet-Gringarten Type Curve: Dimensionless Pressure Integral and Pressure Integral-Derivative Functions

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Problem Definition and Requirements
Given:
These data are taken from the Bourdet, et al. reference and are to be considered accurate enough for
engineering analysis. Assume that wellbore storage and skin effects are present.
Reservoir properties:
=0.25

rw=0.29 ft

Oil properties:
Bo=1.06 RB/STB

o=2.5 cp

Production parameters:
pwf(t=0) = ? psia

ct=4.2x10-6 psia-1

qo=174 STB/D (constant)

h=107 ft

tp=15.33 hr

References:
1. Bourdet, D.P., Ayoub, J.A., and Pirard, Y.M.: "Use of Pressure Derivative in Well Test Interpreta-tion,"
SPEFE (June 1989) 293-302.
Required:
1. For this problem, you are to perform the following analyses:
z "Preliminary" log-log analysis.
z Cartesian analysis of "early" time (wellbore storage distorted) data.
z Semilog analysis of "middle" time (radial flow) data.
z Log-log type curve analysis.
z Cartesian analysis of "late" time (boundary-dominated) data (i.e., the "Muskat Plot").

You are to complete the table on the next page provided for you to tabulate your results.

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Required Results
Required: Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
You are to estimate the following:
z "Preliminary" log-log analysis:

a. The wellbore storage coefficient, Cs.

b. The dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD.
c. The formation permeability, k.
z Cartesian analysis of "early" time (wellbore storage distorted) data:

a. The pressure drop at the start of the test, pwi(t=0) this should be 0 psi.
b. The wellbore storage coefficient, Cs.
c. The dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD.
z Semilog analysis of "middle" time (radial flow) data: (use both Horner and MDH methods)

a. The formation permeability, k.

b. The near well skin factor, s.
c. The radius of investigation, rinv, at the end of radial flow or the end of the test data.
z Log-log type curve analysis: (use both t and te methods)

a.
b.
c.
d.

The formation permeability, k.

The near well skin factor, s.
The wellbore storage coefficient, Cs.
The dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD.

z Cartesian analysis of "late" time (boundary-dominated) data: "Muskat Plot"

a. Average pressure DIFFERENCE, p = p pwf (t = 0) (if applicable).

Results: Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Log-log Analysis:
Wellbore storage coefficient, Cs

RB/psi

Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD

Formation permeability, k

md

Pressure drop at the start of the test, pwi(t=0)

psi

Wellbore storage coefficient, Cs

RB/psi

Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD

Cartesian Analysis: Early Time Data

Horner or te

Semilog Analysis:
Formation permeability, k

Near well skin factor, s

md
ft

te

Log-Log Type Curve Analysis:

Formation permeability, k

Near well skin factor, s

Wellbore storage coefficient, Cs

Dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient, CD

ft
t

md

md

=
RB/psi

=
=

Cartesian Analysis: Late Time Data ("Muskat Plot" if applicable)

=

md

Radius of investigation, rinv (end of radial flow or end of test) =

Average pressure DIFFERENCE, p = p pwf (t = 0)

t (MDH)

psia

RB/psi

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Well Test Data Functions
Well Test Data Functions:
Point
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

t, hr
8.330E-03
1.250E-02
1.667E-02
2.083E-02
2.500E-02
2.917E-02
3.333E-02
3.750E-02
4.583E-02
5.000E-02
5.833E-02
6.667E-02
7.500E-02
8.333E-02
9.583E-02
1.083E-01
1.208E-01
1.333E-01
1.488E-01
1.625E-01
1.792E-01
1.958E-01
2.125E-01
2.292E-01
2.500E-01
2.917E-01
3.333E-01
3.750E-01
4.167E-01
4.583E-01
5.000E-01
5.417E-01
5.833E-01
6.250E-01
6.667E-01
7.083E-01
7.500E-01
8.125E-01
8.750E-01
9.375E-01
1.000E+00
1.062E+00
1.125E+00
1.188E+00
1.250E+00
1.312E+00
1.375E+00
1.438E+00
1.500E+00
1.625E+00

te, hr
8.325E-03
1.249E-02
1.665E-02
2.080E-02
2.496E-02
2.911E-02
3.326E-02
3.741E-02
4.569E-02
4.984E-02
5.811E-02
6.638E-02
7.463E-02
8.288E-02
9.523E-02
1.076E-01
1.199E-01
1.322E-01
1.474E-01
1.608E-01
1.771E-01
1.934E-01
2.096E-01
2.258E-01
2.460E-01
2.862E-01
3.262E-01
3.660E-01
4.056E-01
4.450E-01
4.842E-01
5.232E-01
5.619E-01
6.005E-01
6.389E-01
6.770E-01
7.150E-01
7.716E-01
8.278E-01
8.835E-01
9.388E-01
9.936E-01
1.048E+00
1.102E+00
1.156E+00
1.209E+00
1.262E+00
1.314E+00
1.366E+00
1.469E+00

p, psi

3.81
6.55
10.03
13.27
16.77
20.01
23.25
26.49
29.48
32.48
38.96
45.92
51.17
57.64
71.95
80.68
88.39
97.12
104.24
115.90
126.68
137.89
148.37
159.07
171.79
197.12
220.15
244.34
266.27
264.98
304.44
323.90
343.83
358.05
376.25
391.97
403.69
428.63
447.34
463.55
481.75
496.23
512.95
527.41
541.15
550.86
562.85
574.32
583.81
602.27

p'(t), psi

6.75
9.87
13.98
17.29
20.08
23.33
21.12
23.48
30.80
33.76
43.84
57.78
66.91
72.79
77.66
81.64
80.55
88.78
100.16
107.64
117.25
131.18
136.13
144.82
152.26
172.53
155.13
197.70
208.73
246.72
229.26
236.52
283.48
283.25
255.69
254.54
253.64
260.60
261.24
263.38
262.50
255.25
255.65
255.70
250.50
239.87
237.73
229.43
224.24
207.76

p'(te), psi

6.76
9.88
13.99
17.32
20.12
23.37
21.17
23.53
30.90
33.89
44.02
58.06
67.26
73.22
81.64
82.22
89.09
89.60
101.22
108.84
118.69
132.91
138.11
147.06
154.84
175.92
158.47
202.66
214.60
254.94
237.04
245.14
293.97
294.78
267.03
266.47
266.43
274.46
276.33
278.87
279.70
273.22
272.94
270.05
270.79
260.34
259.39
252.16
246.40
229.24

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Well Test Data Functions (continued)
Well Test Data Functions: (continued)
Point
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103

t, hr
1.750E+00
1.875E+00
2.000E+00
2.250E+00
2.375E+00
2.500E+00
2.750E+00
3.000E+00
3.250E+00
3.500E+00
3.750E+00
4.000E+00
4.250E+00
4.500E+00
4.750E+00
5.000E+00
5.250E+00
5.500E+00
5.750E+00
6.000E+00
6.250E+00
6.750E+00
7.250E+00
7.750E+00
8.250E+00
8.750E+00
9.250E+00
9.750E+00
1.025E+01
1.075E+01
1.125E+01
1.175E+01
1.225E+01
1.275E+01
1.325E+01
1.375E+01
1.450E+01
1.525E+01
1.600E+01
1.675E+01
1.750E+01
1.825E+01
1.900E+01
1.975E+01
2.050E+01
2.125E+01
2.225E+01
2.325E+01
2.425E+01
2.525E+01
2.625E+01
2.725E+01
2.850E+01

te, hr
1.571E+00
1.671E+00
1.769E+00
1.962E+00
2.056E+00
2.149E+00
2.332E+00
2.509E+00
2.682E+00
2.849E+00
3.013E+00
3.172E+00
3.328E+00
3.479E+00
3.626E+00
3.770E+00
3.911E+00
4.048E+00
4.182E+00
4.312E+00
4.440E+00
4.686E+00
4.922E+00
5.148E+00
5.364E+00
5.570E+00
5.769E+00
5.960E+00
6.143E+00
6.319E+00
6.488E+00
6.652E+00
6.809E+00
6.961E+00
7.107E+00
7.249E+00
7.452E+00
7.645E+00
7.829E+00
8.004E+00
8.172E+00
8.332E+00
8.484E+00
8.631E+00
8.771E+00
8.905E+00
9.076E+00
9.239E+00
9.392E+00
9.539E+00
9.678E+00
9.811E+00
9.968E+00

p, psi
615.52
629.25
642.23
659.71
667.19
673.44
684.65
695.11
704.06
709.80
719.50
725.97
730.20
731.95
733.70
736.45
739.69
742.64
744.70
747.19
748.94
748.02
750.78
753.01
754.52
756.27
757.51
758.52
760.01
760.75
761.76
762.50
763.51
764.25
765.07
765.50
766.50
767.25
767.99
768.74
769.48
769.99
770.73
770.99
771.49
772.24
772.74
773.22
773.48
773.99
774.49
774.73
775.23

p'(t), psi

197.56
182.27
169.91
151.22
139.88
134.31
116.75
114.03
107.18
96.38
82.69
78.06
72.36
69.85
58.90
48.95
41.46
39.18
38.76
41.04
37.92
32.48
26.91
23.84
21.86
26.74
24.21
23.62
22.26
21.34
20.27
19.60
19.01
18.93
17.59
17.89
17.21
16.33
15.40
15.19
15.04
14.50
13.35
13.31
13.13
12.41
11.84
11.72
10.67
11.14
11.10
10.04
10.06

p'(te), psi

219.81
202.80
191.06
169.07
165.14
153.47
144.48
137.61
122.87
112.89
106.94
100.59
93.66
87.79
78.15
73.95
63.32
55.68
52.89
50.41
51.84
49.57
46.61
40.42
38.54
35.80
33.94
39.45
38.29
36.77
35.63
35.38
34.60
34.14
33.75
33.37
32.52
32.82
31.43
31.90
31.76
31.42
31.89
30.77
30.66
31.19
30.66
30.90
30.07
30.15
30.34
29.98
29.97

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Cartesian Plot Early-Time Pressure Data
Cartesian Plot: Early-Time Pressure Data

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Semilog Plot "MDH" Plot Pressure Data versus Shut-In Time
Semilog Plot: "MDH" Plot Pressure Data versus Shut-In Time

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Semilog Plot "Horner" Plot Pressure Data versus Horner Time
Semilog Plot: "Horner" Plot Pressure Data versus Horner Time

10

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Semilog Plot "Agarwal" Plot Pressure Data versus Effective Shut-In Time
Semilog Plot: "Agarwal" Plot Pressure Data versus Effective Shut-In Time

11

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Log-log Plot Pressure Drop and Pressure Drop Derivative Data versus Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)
Log-log Plot: Pressure Drop and Pressure Drop Derivative Data versus Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)

12

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Log-log Plot Pressure Drop and Pressure Drop Derivative Data versus Effective Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)
Log-log Plot: Pressure Drop and Pressure Drop Derivative Data versus Effective Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)

13

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Log-log Plot Pressure Ratio and Pressure Integral Ratio Data Functions versus Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)
Log-log Plot: Pressure Ratio and Pressure Integral Ratio Data Functions versus Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)

14

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Log-log Plot Pressure Ratio and Pressure Integral Ratio Data Functions versus Effective Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)
Log-log Plot: Pressure Ratio and Pressure Integral Ratio Data Functions versus Effective Shut-In Time (1 inch x 1 inch)

15

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Data (Bourdet (Radial Flow) Example SPE 12777)
Late-Time Cartesian Plot ("Muskat Plot") Pressure Buildup Case
Late-Time Cartesian Plot ("Muskat Plot"): Pressure Buildup Case

16