NAME: Marie Joyce C.

Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL Dr. James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball KU Basketball Program Founder Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The concept of basketball was born from Naismith's school days in the area where he played a simple child's game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. After serving as McGill's Athletic Director, James Naismith moved on to the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891, where the sport of basketball was born. In Springfield, Naismith was faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for play inside during the Massachusetts winter for the students at the School for Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals. Naismith joined the University of Kansas faculty in 1898, teaching physical education and being a chaplain. In addition to the creation of the basketball, James Naismith graduated as a medical doctor, primarily interested in sports physiology and what we would today call sports science and as Presbyterian minister, with a keen interest in philosophy and clean living. Naismith watched his sport, basketball, introduced in many nations by the YMCA movement as early as 1893. Basketball was introduced at the Berlin Olympics in 1936. Naismith was flown to Berlin to watch the games. He died in Lawrence, Kansas, in 1939. Today basketball has grown to become one of the world's most popular sports. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS The only essential equipment in basketball is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Basketball Court For the international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. 92 by 49 ft.) The National Basketball Association (NBA) is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m). Most courts are made of wood. A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05 m) above the court and 4 feet (1.2 m) inside the baseline. BACKBOARD A backboard is a piece of basketball equipment. It is a raised vertical board with a basket attached. It is made of a flat, rigid piece of material, often plexi glass. It is usually rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and international basketball.. Size of a basketball backboard .5 feet (42 inches)Size of a basketball rim. The diameter of the rim is 18 BASKET NET The net shall be made by a white cord shall be:1. Suspended from the ring2. Manufactured so they check the ball momentarily as it pass through the basket. No less than 400 mm. and no more 450 in length 4.Manufactured with 12 loops to attach it to the ring. The upper section of the net shall be semi-rigid to prevent: The net from rebounding up through over the ring, creating possible etanglement. The ball from becoming trapped in the net or rebounding back out of the net. THE BALL CIRCUMFERENCE between 75 and 78 cm. (29.5 and 30.25 inches)WEIGHT 600 and 650 grams. (20 and 22 oz).AIR PRESSURE around 8 lbs. .THE BALL The ball is round and the outer casing should be either Leather, Rubber or other suitable Synthetic materials .

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

CLOTHING

BSM CS 2-B

Players each team should wear the same outfits which must not clash with the opposing team and wear a numbered shirt and no two players in the same team should wear the same number. Players are numbered between 4 and 15. Loose-fitting shorts for mobility, and sleeveless vests are the standard attire. Basketball shoes should be rubber-soled and with protected ankle supports, although these are not necessary. Most important of all, make sure your clothing is comfortable. It is important to wear towelled socks; and it is not a bad idea to buy a pair of shoes a little too big to enable you to wear two pairs of socks which will reduce the risk of blistering. GAME CLOCK This is a clock that runs whenever the ball is in play, and stops whenever the ball goes out of bounds or when a fool is committed. Goal Tending .Game Clock Operation Last Minutes of Play/Field Goal. The clock stops after a successful field goal. -Shows how much time remains in the game. Give-and-go: A fundamental offensive play in which a player passes to a teammate, then cuts to the basket and receive a quasi- immediate return pass for an open layup or dunk. game time. Regulation play in the NBA is divided into 12 minute quarters (10 minutes in the WNBA. College games are split into 20 minute halves Give and Go. SCOREBOARD is a large board for publicly displaying the score in a game or match. Most levels of sport from high school and above use at least one scoreboard for keeping score ,measuring time, and displaying statistics.

THE 5 POSITIONS OF PLAYERS

* Center *
The center generally plays closest to the basket on both offense and defense. He must be able to get up as high as possible for rebounds. As the last line of defense, he needs to be able to defend against and block shots from inside. The number one physical thing you want in a center is height. The center is almost always the tallest player on the team. While a center with a stick figure-like body type such as that of Manute Bol can still have value as long as he's extraordinarily tall, ideally you'd like your center to have physical strength and overall athleticism to go with the height. The center should have good physical skills of rebounding, getting off a quick jump shot in a crowd, the hook shot, and using the backboard on his shots-all things that come up repeatedly for a player who plays close to the basket. On the other hand, it would only be a bonus if a center were an effective outside shooter or fast break player, as these aren't skills that are typically needed for where a center is and what he is expected to do. * Power forward * The power forward is closest to the center in physical attributes and playing style, though with somewhat more speed and athleticism. The power forward is most often the second tallest player on the team, though it's even more important for a power forward than a center to be more than a largely stationary, very tall shot blocker and rebounder. The power forward spends a lot of time inside, so he must be strong and comfortable with a lot of physical play and banging around, and must be an effective rebounder and effective inside shooter like the center. The power forward, though, is expected to also have the ability to hit shots from a little farther out than from where the center would typically shoot. * Small forward * The small forward of course isn't "small" compared to the general population. But he's usually the shorter of the two forwards on the team. Both in terms of physical attributes and skill set, the small forward is a "tweener." He must have enough height and ability to play inside to do center and power forward type things, as well as having the speed and athleticism to do guard type things. He is usually the second or third best outside shooter of the five positions, and needs to be an all purpose defender. * Shooting guard * The shooting guard is, as the name indicates, usually the player that takes the most shots. He needs to be a dangerous outside shooter, including from three point range. Often the shooting guard handles the ball second most on the team, behind only the point guard. So it is almost as important for him to have top ball handling and passing skills as the point guard, and slightly more important to have the skills of moving without the ball and getting open. The shooting guard needs to be quick and athletic. Shooting guards typically have a bit more height than point guards.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

* Point guard *

BSM CS 2-B

The point guard handles the ball the most of any player on the team, generally bringing the ball down the court and initiating the offensive plays. As such, he needs to be the best ball handler, dribbler, and passer on the team. Point guard is the position that least needs excessive height. Not only are point guards typically smaller than the average basketball player, they can occasionally be smaller than the average person. Muggsy Bogues is the most extreme example of this, having had a very successful NBA career as a point guard at just 5'3". That's not ideal size certainly, but it shows that it's possible to play the position, and play it well, even at such a height. All players benefit from intelligence and court vision, but the point guard most of all, since he's often coordinating all five players on offense. Point guards need to have a good outside shot, though it's not quite as crucial as for shooting guards. Some point guards are offensive weapons comparable to shooting guards and take plenty of shots themselves. Others see their primary role as passing to set up shots, and only take shots when the opposition over commits to double teaming the player(s) to whom they're trying to pass and leaves them wide open for a shot.

THE BASIC SKILL

-The sport of basketball requires five basic skills. While some players might be more experienced with some skills than others, it is best to have at least some ability in all five areas. Basketball is a fast-paced game that requires the knowledge and instinct to perform quickly and properly. Be sure to practice all five skills. DRIBBLING Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to move up and down the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-handling skills and knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how to dribble equally well with both hands. SHOOTING In order to score points in basketball, you need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires precise aiming, arm extension and lift from the legs. There are different types of shots you need to learn, including jump shots, layups and free throws. RUNNING Running is a big part of basketball. In a full-court game, you will find yourself running back and forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball, running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks. PASSING Passing is another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball player. Basketball is a team sport that involves finding a teammate who is open for a shot. The ability to pass the ball to this player can make the difference between scoring and not scoring. Really great passers are an important part of a basketball team and usually the ones who set up scoring plays. JUMPING Jumping is another skill that can define how good a basketball player is. Jumping is involved in offense during the jump ball in the beginning, while taking shots and sometimes while trying to catch a pass. On defensive you will need the ability to jump when trying to block a shot or a pass. Being able to out jump your opponent for a rebound also is important.

OFFICIATING OFFICIALS
THE OFFICIATING STAFF. The makeup of the officiating corps is strictly a matter of choice. The minimum number is five: a referee, an umpire, a scorer, a timer and a shot-clock operator. In some cases, eight officials are used in a lineup comprising a referee, two umpires, a shot-clock operator, two scorers and two timers. Years ago, when there was a center jump after each field goal or free throw; two officials did it all-the referee on the court and one combined scorer-timer on the sidelines. REFEREE IS OFFICIAL IN CHARGE. Although the duties of the officials may not concern spectators or players, you should know that the referee controls the game. The referee is the official who tosses the ball up for the center jump at the start of the game and each overtime period. The referee's assigned chores range from inspecting and approving all equipment before the game's starting time to approving the final score. In between, the referee is responsible for the notification of each team three minutes before each half is to begin and deciding matters of disagreement among the officials. The referee has the power to make decisions on any points not specifically covered in the rules and even to forfeit the game if necessary. OFFICIALS CONDUCT GAME. During actual play, there is no practical difference between the referee and umpire(s). They are equally responsible for the conduct of the game; and, because of the speed of play, their duties are dictated essentially by their respective positions on the court from moment to moment. For this reason, the rules specify that no official has the authority to question decisions made by another official.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

The officials' control, which begins 30 minutes before starting time for men and 15 minutes for women and concludes with the referee's approval of the final score, includes the power to eject from the court any player, coach or team follower who is guilty of flagrant unsporting conduct. When the referee leaves the confines of the playing area at the end of the game, the score is final and may not be changed. As we pointed out earlier, jump balls occur only at the start of the game and all overtimes; but officials still must concentrate upon throwing the ball up straight. At other times, play will be resumed with a throw-in. The team not obtaining the ball after the first center jump will begin the alternating process. OFFICIALS' SIGNALS. When a foul occurs, the official is required by the rules to (a) signal the timer to stop the clock, (b) designate the offender to the scorer and use his or her fingers to indicate the number of free throws. When a team is entitled to a throw-in, an official must (a) signal what caused the ball to become dead, (b) indicate the throw-in spot (except after a goal) and designate the team entitled to the throw-in. DUTIES OF SCORERS AND TIMERS. Scorers must (a) record, in numerical order, names and numbers of all players, (b) record field goals made and free throws made and missed, keep a running summary of points scored, (d) record fouls called on each player and notify officials when a player-disqualification or bonus-free-throw situation arises, (e) record timeouts and report when a team' s allotted number has been used, and (f) record when a squad member has been ejected for fighting. It is the game-clock and shot-clock operators' responsibility to keep everyone abreast of key factors while carrying out the timing regulations.

THE RULES OF BASKETBALL

James Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball:

1.The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. 2.The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist. 3.A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good speed. 4.The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it. 5.No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game. No substitution shall be allowed. .6.A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4 and such as described in Rule 5. 7.If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul). 8.Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal. 9.When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. 10.The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 11.The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee. 12.The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between. 13.The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.

TERMINOLOGIES OF BASKETBALL
Alternating-possession rule: The possession arrow changes direction after each held ball situation, alternating which team gets possession of the ball. Assist: A pass that immediately precedes and sets up a scored basket. Backboard: The rectangular or fan-shaped board behind the basket. Backcourt: The half of the court that is opposite a teams offensive basket; the court a team i s attempting to defend. Ball handler: The player with the ball; usually the point guard at the start of a play. Ball Side: The half of the court from the middle to the sideline where the ball is currently located. May also be referred to as the strong side. Bank shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced (or banked) off the backboard at such an angle that it then drops into the basket. Baseline: The boundary line behind each basket; also called the endline. Basket: Attached to the backboard, it consists of a metal rim 18 in diameter suspended 10 from the floor, from which a 15 -18 corded net hangs, and through which points are scored; also used to refer to a successful field goal.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

Beat the defender: When an offensive player, with or without the ball, is able to get past an opponent who is guarding him. Bench Points: The number of points scored during a game from players that began the game on the bench. All points scored by non-starters. Blocked shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, thereby preventing a field goal. Blocking: The use of a defenders body position to illegally prevent an opponents advance; the opposite of charging. Bonus free throw: See One-and-One. Bounce pass: A pass that strikes the floor before it reaches the receiver. Boxing out: A players attempt to position his body between his opponent and the basket to get rebounds and prevent the opponents from doing so. Also referred to as Blocking out. Carrying the ball: Also called palming; a violation committed by a dribbler that involves placing the dribbling hand under the ball and momentarily holding or carrying it while dribbling. Center: Also called the pivot player; an offensive position typically played by a tall player who plays mainly in the key areas (at the post). Center court circle: The circular area at midcourt from which jump balls are taken. Charging: A personal foul committed when an offensive player illegally contacts a defensive player who has established position or is stationary. Chest pass: A two-handed pass thrown from the passers chest in a straight line to the chest area of the receiver. Controlling the boards: Securing a majority of the rebounds. Conversion: A made basket or free throw. Court vision: A players ability to see everything on the court during play such as where his teammates and defenders are set up which enables him to make better choices in passing; the best players possess this trait. Crossover dribble: A dribble in which the ball is moved from one hand to the other while the dribbler changes directions. Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player to elude an opponent or to receive the ball. Cylinder: The imaginary area directly above the basket where goaltending or basket interference can occur. Dead ball: Occurs whenever the whistle blows to stop play and after a field goal, but before the opponent gains possession of the ball. Defense: The team not in possession of the ball whose objective is to keep the opponent from scoring; also a specific pattern of play used by a defending team. Defensive rebound: A rebound of an opponents missed shot. Double-double: When a player scores double-digits in 2 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility. Double dribble: A violation that occurs when a player dribbles the ball with two hands simultaneously or stops dribbling and then dribbles again. Double foul: A situation in which two opponents commit a foul against each other simultaneously. Double team: A defensive tactic in which two defenders temporarily guard one player. Downcourt or down the court: The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt into its frontcourt and towards its own basket. Dribble or dribbling: Process by which a player repeatedly bounces the ball off the floor so that it returns to his/her possession. Its the only legal means by which a single player may move the ball across the court. Drive: A quick dribble directly to the basket in an effort to score. Dunk: When a player close to the basket jumps and strongly throws the ball down into it; an athletic, creative shot used to intimidate opponents. Elbow: A term often used to indicate the area of the court where the free-throw line and side of the key meet. Elbowing: It is a violation if a player vigorously or excessively swings his elbows, even if there is no contact; it is a foul if contact is made. End line: See baseline. Established position: When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive players head and shoulder get past him; the offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging. 4-point play: A made 3-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw. Fake or feint: A deceptive move to throw a defender off balance and allow an offensive player to shoot or receive a pass; players use their eyes, head or any other part of the body to trick an opponent.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

Fastbreak: An offensive strategy in which a team attempts to move the ball downcourt and into scoring position as quickly as possible so that the defense is outnumbered and does not have time to set up. Field goal: A basket scored on any shot other than a free throw, worth two or three points depending on the distance of the attempt from the basket. Flagrant foul: Unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent. Forward:An offensive position played to the sides of the basket near the key area and out toward the sideline along the baseline. Foul (also referred to as personal foul): A violation resulting from illegal contact with an opposing player. Foul line:See Free-throw line. Foul shot: See Free-throw. Free throw: An unguarded shot taken from behind the free-throw line after a foul. If successful, the shot counts one point. Free-throw lane: Also called the key or lane; a 12-foot wide area extending from the baseline to the free-throw line. Players may not be in this area during a free-throw attempt. Free-throw line: A 12-foot-long line that is parallel to and 15 feet from the backboard. Free-throw line extended: An imaginary line drawn from the free-throw line to the sideline to determine the location for certain plays. Front court: The half of the court (divided by the center line) that contains the offensive teams basket; the offensive half of the court. Fullcourt press: A defensive tactic in which a team guards the opponents closely the full length of the court. Game clock: Shows how much time remains in each quarters or halves of games. Guard: An offensive position played primarily at the perimeter, or away from the basket. Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent him from getting close to the basket, taking an open shot or making easy an pass, while avoiding illegal contact. Half-court or set offense: When a team takes the time to develop a play in its frontcourt, such as the give-and-go or a screening play; opposite of fast break. Held ball: Formerly called a jump ball. When two players on opposite teams are in joint control of the ball. Help Side: The half of the court from the middle to the sideline opposite to where the ball is currently located. Hesitation Dribble: A dribbling action with a change-of-pace intended to confuse and/or freeze the defender. The basic action is a stutter step in which the dribbler momentarily slows his or her pace and speed. High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, such as a layup. High post: An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane at the elbow / free-throw line extended area. Inbounds: The area within the baselines and sidelines of the court; also the act of bringing the ball into this area by means of a throw-in. Incidental contact: Minor contact usually overlooked by officials. Inside shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket. Intentional foul: A personal foul that the official judges to be premeditated. In the paint: In the key area, so named because this area of the floor is painted. Jump ball: The procedure for starting play at the beginning of a game or an overtime period. The official tosses the ball into the air between the two opponents positioned at the center-court circle; the two players jump up and try to tap the ball to a teammate. Jump shot: A shot that is released after the shooter has jumped into the air. Jump stop: A method used to come to a complete stop. Both feet must land simultaneously either parallel or staggered in order for it to be a jump stop. Key: Also called the free-throw lane or lane; the area measuring 12 feet in width and extending from the free-throw line to the end line. Layup or layin: A shot taken close to the basket that is usually banked off the backboard towards the basket. Loose ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team. Low post: An imaginary area outside either side of the foul lane close to the basket. Lower percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, such as one thrown by a player who is off balance or outside his shooting range. Man-to-man defense: A team defense in which each player is assigned to guard a particular opponent.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

Offense: The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of play that a team uses while attempting to score. Offensive rebound: A rebound of a teams own missed shot. Officials: The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls. One-and-one: The bonus free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls after the opposing team exceeds a certain number of team fouls in a half. The person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the shooter takes a second shot. Out of bounds: The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines. Outside shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter. Over-and-back violation: A violation that occurs when the offensive team returns the ball into the backcourt once it has positioned itself in the front court. Overhead pass: A two-handed pass thrown from above the forehead. Overtime: An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game. Palming: See Carrying the ball. Pass: An intentional throw to a teammate. Passer: The player who passes the ball to a teammate. Period: Any quarter, half or overtime segment. Perimeter: The area beyond the foul circle away from the basket, including 3-point line, from which players take long-range shots. Personal foul: Contact between players that may result in injury or provide one team with an unfair advantage; players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent; these are also counted as team fouls. Pick: See Screen or Screener Pick and Roll: A play in which an offensive player sets a pick for the dribbler, then cuts off that pick, or rolls, toward the basket looking for a pass from the dribbler for a shot. Pick-up games: Impromptu games played among players who just met. Pivot: A footwork technique in which a player keeps one foot in contact with a spot on the floor while moving the other foot to adjust the position of the body or to evade a defensive player. Point guard: An offensive position played by a guard who usually brings the ball up the court and initiates the offense. Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball. Possession arrow: Used to determine which teams turn it is to inbounds the ball to begin a period or in a held ball situation. Post: An offensive position played close to the basket along the key. Press: An aggressive defense that attempts to force the opponents to make errors by guarding them closely from either half court, three-quarter court or full court. Quadruple double: A triple double with double-digits scored in 4 categories. Rebound: The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed shot. Run: Occurs when one team scores several field goals in quick succession while its opponents score few or none. Scoring opportunity: When a player gets open for a shot that is likely to score. Screen or screener: The offensive player who stands between a teammate and a defender to gives his teammate the chance to take an open shot. Scrimmage: An unofficial game between two teams, or five-on-five play between team members in a practice situation. Shot clock: A clock that limits the time a team with the ball has to shoot it; 24 seconds in the NBA; in college, 35 seconds for men, 30 seconds for women. Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket. Shooters roll or shooters touch: The ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket. Shooting range: The distance from which a player is likely to make his shots. Sidelines: 2 boundary lines that run the length of the court. Sixth man: The best substitute on a team; usually the first player to come off the bench to replace a starter. Slam dunk: See dunk. Squaring up: When a players shoulders are facing the basket as he releases the ball for a shot; considered good shooting position. Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court. Swing man: A player who can play both the guard and forward positions. 3-point play: A made 2-point field goal in which the shooter was fouled, followed by a successful free-throw.

NAME: Marie Joyce C. Maglonzo

BSM CS 2-B

3 seconds: A violation in which an offensive player remains within the key for more than three seconds at a time. Team fouls: Each personal foul committed by a player is also counted against his team; when a team goes over the limit, its opponent is awarded free-throw opportunities. Technical foul: A foul that does not involve contact with an opponent; a foul that involves unsportsmanlike conduct by a player, coach or non-player; or a contact foul committed by a player while the ball is dead. Ten-second line: The mid-court line over which the offensive team must advance the ball from the backcourt within 10 seconds to avoid a violation. Three-point field goal: A made basket from a distance greater than 19 feet and nine inches during a high school or college game. Three-on-two: A common fast break situation in which three offensive players attempt to score on two defenders. Timeout: When play is temporarily suspended by an official or at the request of a team to respond to an injured player or discuss strategy. Transition: The shift from offense to defense, and vice versa. Traveling: A violation occurring when a player with the ball takes a step without dribbling (moving the established pivot foot). Triple double: When a player scores double-digits in 3 categories during one game (points, assists and rebounds are most common, but it can also be blocks or steals); a sign of great versatility. Triple Threat Position: Triple threat is an offensive position a player can use who has not dribbled yet. The offensive player stands with knees flexed, feet slightly wider than shoulder width, and both hands on the basketball. From this position, the offensive player can either shoot, dribble, or pass to a teammate thereby being a triple threat with the basketball. Turnover: A loss of possession of the ball by means of an error or violation. Upset: When a higher-seeded (better) team loses to a lower-seeded (inferior) one. Violation: An infringement of the rules thats not a foul. The penalty for a violation is the awarding of the ball to the opponent. Weakside: The side of the court away from the ball. Zone defense: A team defense in which each player is responsible for defending an area of the court and the opponents within that area. Zone offense: An offensive pattern of play designed to attack (score against) a particular zone defense.