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Technical Proposal For IGW

Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. MAY 2012

Technical Proposal for IGW

Table of Contents
Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 2 1 Huawei proposal for BIG Overview ......................................................................................... 3 1.1 1.2 Analysis of BIG IGW Requirements ............................................................................. 3 Huawei proposal for BIG .............................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.7 1.8 Overview of Proposed Solution ............................................................................ 5 Key Points of Huawei Design ............................................................................... 7 Scalability (IGW) ................................................................................................... 8 High Flexibility Solutions ....................................................................................... 8 System reliability ................................................................................................... 9 Bandwidth Capacity and Link Design ................................................................. 18 Datacom Solution Highlights............................................................................... 19 Solution Overview ............................................................................................... 20 Huawei NG-SDH Features ................................................................................. 20 Dimension of Power Solution.............................................................................. 24 Reliability of Power Solution ............................................................................... 24 Powerful Huawei Network Management ............................................................ 26 Abundant Northbound Interfaces for OSS Integrated Solution .......................... 26

Datacom Solution ....................................................................................................... 17

Huawei Transmission Network Solution ..................................................................... 20

Power Solution ........................................................................................................... 23

Huawei NMS Solution ................................................................................................ 24

Lawful Interception Solution ....................................................................................... 28 Inter-working Solution ................................................................................................. 30 1.8.1 1.8.2 Inter-working with TDM Networks ....................................................................... 30 Inter-working with IP Networks ........................................................................... 30 The incoming call number is standard number................................................... 32 Illegal incoming number call rejected ................................................................. 33

1.9

Illegal Number Blocking .............................................................................................. 31 1.9.1 1.9.2

Key Solution Highlights .......................................................................................................... 33 Reliability ................................................................................................................................... 34 Excellent Voice Quality .............................................................................................................. 36

Annex A. Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................ 41

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Technical Proposal for IGW

1 Huawei proposal for BIG Overview


1.1Analysis of BIG IGW Requirements
In year 2011, based on the IGW new license released, BIG is going to apply International Gateway (IGW) license to Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC). This is inline with the long term business development and strategy of BIG to boast the revenues and increase competitiveness. The main responsibilities of the IGW in BIG encompass the following functions: Routing/switching international voice calls between ICX and International operators. Routing inter operator Short Message Service (SMS) as and when necessary Providing Interface for Lawful Interception (LI) facilities Providing Monitoring Facility of System for BTRC Provision for Transferring CDRs to BTRC. Provide bandwidth and infrastructure in favor of VSPs for international connectivity with overseas carriers Provide necessary capacities with ICX to terminate the calls of VSPs to ANS through ICXs. Provide support to VSPs for building-up connectivity with overseas carriers, switching of the incoming calls for call termination to ANS operators through ICX, monitoring of bandwidth utilization, extraction and storage of Call Detail Record (CDR), sending CDR to National Monitoring Center (NMC) for online and offline monitoring and analysis, storage and analysis of Traffic Data, Log files, Call Accounting, Signaling and QoS related information

With these new business requirements, BIG is urgently in need to deploy a reliable, cost-efficient, scalable and robust IGW Network. The deployment of the IGW is crucial to BIG business in the future in terms of revenues and strategy. The successfulness of BIG IGW will propel BIG to be experienced and efficient Class-4 and IGW operator, with huge revenues stream. As the largest and top ILEC, BIGs ultimate transformation strategy is moving towards ALL-IP Next Generation Network (NGN). BIG requires the vendor to supply, install, testing and commission the International Gateway (IGW) with Core Network, Transmission, Datacom and other facilities on turn-key basis. The BIG future network is an IP-based network which is fully compliant with ETSI and ITU-T standards. The IGW covers one Point of Presence (PoP) in Dhaka, the Core Network, transmission, Datacom and other facilities should be deployed and distributed in this PoP. The future target architecture of BIG is shown in the following figure.

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Figure 1 BIG Target IGW Architecture

With extensive experience and deep insights in IGW deployment, Huawei has made out this proposal based on thorough understanding of the requirements in IGW license document. The key points of Huawei understanding of the tender document requirements are summarized as the following.

1.1.1.1 Main Driver of IGW Deployment


1.1.1.1.1 One of the most notable drivers is to fulfill BTRC urgent and stringent requirements on IGW with the tight timeline given. 1.1.1.1.2 Increase revenues stream and improve the bottom-line of the profitability of BIG 1.1.1.1.3 Insufficient capacity of current network architecture, including PSTN switch, transmission, datacom and other facilities to support large IGW requirements. 1.1.1.1.4 BIG also want to deploy a Network which is reliable, scalable, cost-efficient and future-oriented.

1.1.1.2 The Key Points of BIG IGW Requirments


1.1.1.2.1 Large capacity and able to scale with future growth The IGW solution required by BIG is of large capacity and should be able to scale to support higher capacity with modular expansion method. The network elements proposed for IGW should support network expansion without any software and hardware upgrade. 1.1.1.2.2 Field-proven

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Technical Proposal for IGW

The network elements proposed, including Core network, transmission and datacom must be field proven. They should be commercially deployed in overseas market and running stably for past few years. 1.1.1.2.3 Feature-rich The BIG IGW solution should be feature-rich and support a host of features, including software and hardware features. The IGW should support different routing, translation, signaling analysis, statistics monitoring and traffic measurement features based on the requirements in the tender document. 1.1.1.2.4 Low TCO The IGW solution shall provide an advantageous OPEX savings and CAPEX in long term perspective. The IGW solution should require a comprehensive construction of IGW with minimum investment as BIG prefer one time investment.

1.2Huawei proposal for BIG


1.2.1Overview of Proposed Solution
Huawei proposes to use Softx3000, UMG8900, SE2600, OSN3500NTP Server, NE40E-X3, S9300, S3300, N/U2000, Eudemon 1000E to construct a world-class IGW network for BIG. It is the best-in-breed solution in the industry as the proposed network elements are the most reliable and feature-rich. The proposed solution is targeted to provide the most reliable, scalable and robust platform for BIG large interconnection traffic purpose. Various advanced technologies and techniques are embedded in the proposed solution. Huawei proposed BIG IGW solution and interconnection is shown below.

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Figure 2 Proposed IGW Network Topology for BIG

The key ideas of Huawei proposed IGW solution are based on the following important network components: Softswitch base on CPCI platform as the call control of the IGW. Media Gateway as the signaling and media adaptation gateway. In the proposed IGW solution, all the equipments will be deployed in Dhaka, one Softx3000 process the call control and forwarding. The Media Gateway will be connected with ICX or other TDM Networks. The Softx3000 will link to the International Operators by SIP/H.323 trunks through I-SBC (SE2600). Huawei NMS, N2000 will be centrally deployed in Dhaka, will manage IGW Core Network elements, U2000 will manage the Datacom elements. Two Gateway routers, four LAN switches and three Firewall will be installed at Dhaka IGW site which will form the IP core for the proposed IGW system. One LAN switch will be installed at the BTRC site to provide connectivity for the monitoring equipment. The Soft Switch and the Media Gateway will be connected to the IP core with suitable IP interface (GE/FE). Fire walls are provided to ensure network security. One NTP server will be installed in the proposed IGW for keeping time synchronization. The Billing system will be installed at the proposed IGW site for processing, generating and

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Technical Proposal for IGW

management of Bills. The mediation devices collect the raw CDRs from the switching network elements, pre-process the raw CDRs applying the business rules and distribute them to the appropriate devices for further process in order to generate the Bills. There will be sufficient storage capacity and security in the billing system hardware for storing the billing data. Appropriate monitoring devices (O & M Control Console) will be installed at BTRC for viewing real-time traffic and call data and for saving traffic data, log files and CDR dumps. The monitoring system to be provided is also capable of online and offline monitoring and analyzing of the CDR, Call Accounting, Signaling, QoS and others. Huawei has developed an end-to-end IGW solution in accordance with ETSI and ITU-T standards. Huawei has been very actively participating in ETSI and ITU-T and other related standards organizations and forums. The compliance to these standards allows BIG to safely roll-out an end-to-end IGW network without any network issues. All the interface, including bearer and signaling interfaces are designed in accordance to the international standardization. The availability of these standard-conforming interfaces will allow BIG for a smooth commissioning and inter-working with its existing network environment to the near future next generation target network ensuring feature inter-working and end-to-end interoperability.

Product

Entity in Tender
Softswitch Media Gateway

the

Functionality of Entity
Call Control Media and signaling adaptation

Units
1 1

Sites
Dhaka Dhaka

Softx3000 UMG8900

XPTU N2000 NTP Server OSN3500 SE2600

LI Core Network NMS NTP MUX SBC

LI Interface Conversion NMS

1 1 1 1

Dhaka Dhaka Dhaka Dhaka Dhaka

Session Border Controller


Table 1 Huawei IGW Solution Product Model

The solution based on the following dimension parameter: 1. Average Holding time (for all calls): 60 second 2. Erlang/trunk: 0.70

1.2.2 Key Points of Huawei Design


The IGW solution proposed is embedded with various advanced technologies and designs that set BIG on par with the global IGW operators in the world. The solution is proposed after careful study of the current network environment and application in Bangladesh as well as full consideration of the requirements of a world-class IGW network stated in the BIG IGW tender document, encompass NGN, transmission, datacom and SMS gateway.

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Technical Proposal for IGW

1.2.3 Scalability (IGW)


The traffic model for IGW solution: 1. Huawei propose the BIG IGW as the following traffic:

Site Name

STM-1

E1

Erl/Trunk

Average Holding time (s)

Percentage of IP call

Dhaka

0.70
Table 2 IGW Traffic Capacity

60

90%

2. Capacity of whole systems: Site Name Dhaka TDM Trunks 11000 No. of CCS7 Sig 30
Table 3 IGW Traffic Capacity

IP Trunks 9000

Total BHCA 600K

Total Erl 10K

The total Trunks is 20K and the total BHCA reach to 600K under the 60s average holding time and 0.70Erl/trunks. 3. MUX Capacity: STM-16 Dhaka STM-4 4
Table 4 MUX Traffic Capacity

STM-1 24

FE 0

1.2.4

High Flexibility Solutions

TDM&IP Dual Bearer


TDM&IP Dual Bearer solution can help the operator migrate his network from TDM based to IP based smoothly. The TDM&IP dual bearers are classified into inter-Softswitch dual bearers and intra-Softswitch inter-MGW dual bearers. The TDM/IP dual bearer service provides a basis for the seamless upgrade from TDM networking to IP networking. The features of the service are as follows: Inter-Softswitch dual bearer: A mixture of ISUP (TDM bearer), TUP (TDM bearer),is supported in an office direction. When routing a call out of the office, the system can select a route based on the preference policy of the bearer network. Intra- Softswitch inter-MGW dual bearer: IP (mesh connection) and TDM bearers are used between intra-softswitch MGWs. When connecting an intra- Softswitch call, the system can

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Technical Proposal for IGW

select a route based on the data configuration and the preference policy of the bearer network.

1.2.5 System reliability


1.2.5.1 Redundancy and Reliability of Hardware Distributed Hardware Structure
The SOFTX3000 adopts the distributed hardware structure. The modular design of the functions realizes the distributed processing. The functions of the modules are independent of each other, and are controlled by different processors. The fault in one processor does not affect the operation of the whole system.

Redundancy Design
The hardware of the SOFTX3000 adopts designs such as active/standby mode, load sharing mode, and redundancy configuration, to ensure reliability of the hardware system. The main parts in the SOFTX3000 adopt the multi-processor backup design. For example, the SMU, FCCU, CDB, BSG/MSG, and iGWB have two processors working in active/standby mode. In normal conditions, the active processor controls the running of the module, and the standby processor synchronizes with the active one in real time. When the active processor is faulty, the standby one takes over the service at once. The standby processor takes the place of the faulty active processor to control the operation of the system without interrupting the service. The service modules and interface modules of the SOFTX3000 adopt load sharing mode. That is, two or more boards share the related functions during the normal working. Once a board becomes faulty, the other boards take over the tasks of the faulty board provided that certain performance indexes, such as call loss, are ensured. The IP interface of the SOFTX3000 supports physical backup, thereby ensuring reliability of the IP routes between the SOFTX3000 and the IP bearer network.

Derating Design
This design is to lower the values of the electric stress and heat stress to the values smaller than the rated values when the electronic components run. Through this, the following purposes can be achieved: Postponing degeneration of the parameters Prolonging their service lives Enhancing their reliability

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Maintainability Design
The maintainability design aims to meet the specified quantitative and qualitative demands on maintainability, especially the demand on reducing maintenance time. The maintenance design covers the following: Product design and maintenance simplification Reachability Standardization and exchangeability Modularization Error prevention design and identifier Testing and diagnosis technology Human and environment factors

These are described as follows: The boards are designed to be hot-pluggable to reduce board replacement time. No cable is led out from the front panel, thus facilitating board removal and assembly, and decreasing maintenance time. When a module in the system is faulty, the maintenance terminal detects and reports the fault. The local maintenance MML operation terminal helps the maintenance staff to locate and rectify faults quickly and easily.

Selection and Usage of Components


The selection and usage of components are key to ensure component reliability. For the SOFTX3000, the component types, specifications, and suppliers are selected based on the demands on product reliability. The focus is on component replacement and unification. The component unification and reliability model analysis is used to reduce the number of components used and improve system running, after the components pass the aging test. Thus, the components are of high quality ensuring the reliability of the hardware system.

Power Reliability
To improve the reliability of the power supply system, the following techniques are employed in the SOFTX3000:

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Distributed power supply: Two power supply systems work in the redundancy backup mode. The systems have the protection functions against lightening, power failure, over and under voltage, and over and under current. When the power fails, the whole system can restart within five minutes.

The power module of the subrack adopts 2+2 backup design. When one power module is faulty, it does not affect the operation of the system.

Overvoltage and overcurrent protection measures are applied to +5 V / -48 V power input and external interfaces (such as E1 interfaces). These measures comply with Appendix B of ITU-T Recommendation G.703 and relative specifications.

The UMG8900 supports 1+1 backup mode, N+1 backup mod and load-sharing mode for hardware design, provides the high reliability hardware platform. The bearer processing board and interface board support 1+1 and load-sharing mode. The call control board supports 1+1 backup mode. The main control board and clock cascading support 1+1 backup. The UMG8900 supports backup of FE/GE ports and reliable networking with the L2/L3 LAN Switch, router and MSTP. If any peer network element fails, services are not interrupted. TDM SDH / SONET support 1+1 backup, N:1 backup and load-sharing mode.

1.2.5.2 Software Reliability


The SOFTX3000 ensures the software running status by taking measures, such as protection measures, error tolerance measures, and fault monitoring measures.

Compliance with the CMM Flow


Huawei strictly follows the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) procedures throughout the development of the SOFTX3000, from requirement analysis, system design to software test. Code walk-through, inspection, review, unit test, system test, and other useful quality assurance measures taken in the SOFTX3000 development improve the reliability of the software considerably.

Protective Measures
The software of the SOFTX3000 applies a modular structure in hierarchical mode. All software modules are developed based on a loose coupling mechanism, minimizing a faulty module's impact on other modules. In addition, the software of the SOFTX3000 is added with functions of

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detecting, isolating, and correcting errors; in an emergency condition, the SOFTX3000 can provide an approach for quickly locating the faults.

Fault Tolerance
To prevent impact on the system by certain software faults, the SOFTX3000 adopts the following measures for the key software: Scheduled detection Real-time monitoring of tasks Storage protection Data check Saving of operation logs

These measures improve the fault tolerance of the software, that is, the self-healing ability in the case of software error.

Troubleshooting
The SOFTX3000 automatically detects and diagnoses hardware and software faults. It can isolate, switch over, restart, or reload the faulty hardware.

Supporting Hot Patches


Sometimes the host software must be modified when the equipment is running in order to remove system bugs, add new functions, and adhere to service requirements. The traditional way is to stop the equipment for upgrading. This, however, affects the service processing and communication quality. The SOFTX3000 supports installation of hot patches to the host software. In this way, the host software can be upgraded without interrupting the services, thus improving the communication quality. The UMG8900 provides the distribution of software modules designed and high-reliability software architecture to implement the highly reliable protection. The realization of the distributed processing module designed to support the software fault detection and isolation. Support the overload protection feature. When the system overloads, it starts the self-protection mechanism, shielding some traffic, and ensure secure and reliable operation of the system.<}0{><0}

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1.2.5.3 Reliability of Charging Hardware Reliability of Charging Gateway


In the iGWB system, key devices are redundant for backup. This ensures that services are not interrupted when a fault occurs in the system. Two-Node System In the iGWB two-node system, each pair of boards work in active/standby mode. The automatic switchover mechanism ensures system reliability and service continuity. Redundant Disks Using RAID The iGWB adopts the most commonly used RAID technology. It configures local disks as RAID 1 to prevent data loss in case of a disk failure. Dual-Network and Dual-Plane Architecture iGWB server communicates with the SOFTX3000, SMU through the Base plane, Fabric plane, and external network interfaces. This dual-plane architecture improves system reliability. It is provide the following functions. The SOFTX3000 is connected to iGWB through the primary and secondary links on the Base plane to form two planes. The primary and secondary boards are connected to the SMU through the Base plane and then connected to the NMC through the SMU. Data on disks are synchronized between the primary and secondary boards through the Fabric plane. The primary and secondary boards provide an independent external network interface for connecting to the BC and uploading CDR files to the BC through FTP or SFTP. For network isolation purpose, this network interface is only used to access the charging network to ensure the network security.

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Figure 3 Hierarchical Storage of the Bills

From the time a call is completed to the time the CDR information is transferred to the billing center, there are four levels of CDR buffer against CDR data loss due to abnormal causes. The four levels are: host CDR pool buffer, original CDR file buffer, final CDR file buffer and automatic CDR file backup on the IGWB server. Host CDR pool buffer: The host CDR pool stores the original CDRs. Original CDR file buffer: After being transferred from the host CDR pool to the IGWB Server, the original CDRs are stored first in the hard disk as the level-two buffer. Final CDR file buffer: After processing the original CDRs, the IGWB Server saves the final CDR data to be sent to the billing center to carry out the level-three buffer. Automatic backup in IGWB Server: The IGWB Server adopts 1+1 backup mode. The active server regularly backs up the CDR data in the hard disk to the standby server to carry out the level-four buffer. The primary and secondary boards provide an independent external network interface for connecting to the third-party server and backing up CDR files to the third-party server through FTP or SFTP. The network interface is independent to ensure network security.

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Software Reliability of Charging Gateway


The iGWB software adopts automatic fault detection, data security, a virtual IP address to improve system reliability. Automatic Fault Detection The system automatically detects the running status of software and hardware and submits faults if it occur. You can view the running status and faults of software and hardware on the client. If a hardware fault occurs in a key component or a fault is not rectified automatically, the primary and secondary servers are switched over to ensure normal running of the system. If a software (such as a process) fault occurs or a fault is not rectified automatically, the active and standby processes are automatically switched over to ensure normal running of the system. Data Security The CDRs on the primary and secondary boards are synchronized in real time through the CDR synchronization mechanism. Local disks are set to a RAID mode to ensure security of important data such as charging information, original CDRs, final CDRs, and status information. System data is stored in different paths for redundancy backup. When an exception occurs, system data is loaded and checked automatically. To protect important data, the iGWB provides automatic backup of charging data. Virtual IP Address The virtual IP address technology is used to ensure normal connections between the SOFTX3000 and the BS after the primary and secondary boards of the iGWB are switched over. Transmitting CDRs between the SOFTX3000 and the iGWB The SOFTX3000 sends the CDRs to the iGWB in real time through UDP over two Base planes. Receiving CDRs by the primary and secondary boards of the iGWB The iGWB uses CDR synchronization technology to synchronize CDR files on the primary and secondary boards of the iGWB.

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Sliding Window Protocol CDRs are transmitted between the SOFTX3000 and the iGWB through the Sliding Window Protocol. The SOFTX3000 sends some CDRs to the iGWB. After receiving the CDRs, the iGWBchecks and filters the CDRs and then stores the CDRs in the window. After the CDR data is written into the hard disk completely, the iGWB responds to the SOFTX3000. Then the SOFTX3000 continues to send new CDRs. To ensure transmission efficiency, the iGWB can receive and check new CDRs while storing CDR data. The key data about the sliding window status in the iGWB is written into the hard disk in time. When the iGWB is restarted or the primary and secondary servers are switched over, no CDR is lost or duplicate during transmission.

CDR Processing Reliability Three modules are involved in the CDR processing from receiving CDRs to generating final CDRs. The iGWB creates a reliable CDR processing task between the three modules. CDRs are processed in the unit of the package. After original CDRs are stored successfully, the information about CDR packages is also stored in the hard disk. After original CDRs are processed and stored as final CDRs, the package numbers are also stored. When the iGWB is restarted, the iGWB can calculate the package number of the original CDRs that are not processed based on the package numbers of final CDRs. Then the iGWB continues to process the remaining original CDRs.

CDR Distribution When CDR files are distributed in PULL mode, the billing center fetches CDRs from the iGWB. The iGWB provides the FTP or SFTP user name and password to the billing center and opens the read and write authorities of the directory where the second copy of final CDRs is stored. When CDR files are distributed in PUSH mode, the iGWB sends CDRs to the billing center. The billing center provides the FTP or SFTP user name and password to the iGWB and opens the directory where the final CDRs are stored.

CDR Backup CDR backup further ensures CDR reliability. The iGWB automatically backs up CDR files on other storage devices through the LAN or WAN to improve data security.

1.2.5.4 Data Reliability


The SOFTX3000 provides the following data protection mechanisms: The SOFTX3000 supports a synchronous data backup mechanism between the active and standby modules in real time. Whenever an active module is down, the standby

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module is automatically switched to be the active one. All programs and data on the module are immediately brought into effect. The SOFTX3000 supports the backup of data from the database of the active processor to a flash memory. This enables quick restart of the active processor after data is obtained from the flash memory. The SOFTX3000 supports the automatic CDR backup mechanism. The OMU conducts a regular CRC of the mainframe data. If the data of the mainframe is not consistent with that of the background, the BAM server starts a setting procedure to the foreground. If the setting procedure fails after preset attempts, an alarm is generated to remind the operation staff to restore the data.

1.3 Datacom Solution


The proposed architecture of the datacom network is presented in this chapter. Two Core Routers, Two Core LAN Switch, Three Firewall to be used in Dhaka. Brief description of the network as stated below: a) Core Routers There will be two routers as Core Routers to be installed at Dhaka. These routers will be connected each other by transmission resources (1GE) in the uplink and in downlink they are connected with Core LAN Switch or Media Gateway directly. b) Core LAN Switch There will also be two LAN switches as Core LAN Switched to be installed at Dhaka. In Dhaka site, these switches will be connected with Core Router for uplink and in the down link they will connect with Media Gateway by multiple GE interfaces, Soft switch by multiple FE interfaces. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is deployed between the connections of all sites Core Router and Switches to implement the redundancy mechanism. c) Firewall There will be one firewall to protect the network elements and provide secure access or connectivity for remote users. Firewall will be used between the network of NGN Switch platform and Billing Center/NMS, BTRC and LEA. Another 2 firewall will be deployed between Core Routers and Lanswitch to protect the network elements from the International Attack. Detail network diagram for BIG IGW IP Core Network is shown in the following Figure:

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Figure 5 IP Core Network Diagram

Equipment Place: 1. Core Router 2. Core LAN Switch 3. Firewall ( Dhaka) ( Dhaka) ( Dhaka)

Equipment List: 1. Core Router 2. Core LAN Switch 3. Firewall = NE40E = S9300 = E1000E (2Units) (2 Units) (1 Unit)

1.3.1 Bandwidth Capacity and Link Design


For voice service, the compression code of media compression arithmetic can adopt different standards. Adopting different formats of message encapsulation, the formats and efficiency of media message encapsulation in different packet bearer network (such as Ethernet, IP, ATM) are different and should be determined by the actual bearer network.

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Compared with media traffic, the bandwidth of signaling traffic is very small. But it demands higher for transmission reliability and low time delay. Take the Dhaka Site as an example, according to the calculation of NGN core network designing and planning table for all NGN and IP Equipment interface will be as below:

MGW Core LAN Switch Media traffic: GE optical link, load balancing mode

Soft Switch Core LAN Switch Signaling traffic: FE electrical link, active/standby mode

Core LAN Switch Core Router GE optical link

Core LAN Switch Firewall GE optical link

Firewall BTRC, LEA, BILLING/NMS FE electrical link

1.3.2 Datacom Solution Highlights


There will be five routers as Core Routers to be installed at four locations (Dhaka, Other 3 cities). These routers will be connected each other by transmission resources in the uplink and in the downlink they are connect with Core LAN Switch via GE interface as well. There will also be two switches as Core LAN Switch to be installed at Dhaka. These switches will be connected with Core Router for uplink and in the down link they will connect with Media Gateway by multiple GE interfaces, Soft switch by multiple FE interface. Equipment Reliability The hardware and software design greatly affect the reliability of the equipment. The Huawei proposed NE40E routers adopt carrier class design and the availability of the system can reach 99.999%. It has a passive backplane. All of the key parts such as main control board, switching fabric, power supply and fan, have redundant design and are all hot swappable. There is no single point of failure in the system. Besides, Huawei has implemented a large number of reliability software features on the routers, including Non-Stop Forwarding, Graceful Restart, Hot Patching and etc. Network Reliability To construct a high-reliable network, besides deploying high-reliable equipment, the high-reliable characteristics of equipment should be effectively considered and applied in the network layout to organize a high-reliable network with full redundancy capability.

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Technical Proposal for IGW

Service Access Reliability Service access solution is also very important to ensure end to end service reliability. Normally, the end service system (e.g. MGW or Softswitch) has dual connections to the IP/MPLS network, and it has two working modes, one is active backup mode, another is load sharing mode. For active backup mode, the end service system has one IP address for two interfaces, for load sharing mode, the end service system has one IP address per interface. To access service systems working in load sharing mode, we proposes that the end service systems be directly connected layer 3 equipments so as to protect against the access link failure. Enhanced VRRP Huawei core routers have enhancement on standard VRRP, which uses BFD for fast failure detection and then trigger VRRP to switchover traffic. With enhanced VRRP, the switchover time is reduced from more than 3 seconds to less than 50ms. Enhanced VRRP is used to protect against local PE node failure and local PE-CE link failure.

1.4 Huawei Transmission Network Solution


1.4.1
Solution Overview

Huawei offers next generation SDH products OptiX OSN NG-SDH series OSN 3500, which can provide SDH/PDH, Ethernet, ATM, and SAN service in a unified single platform. OSN 3500 is STM-64/16 level equipment. In order to meet the ICX requirement for Transmission equipment, Huawei offers OptiX OSN 3500 and OptiX iManager U2000 in this proposal. Following equipments are offered as per requirement: 1. OptiX OSN Series Equipment OptiX OSN 3500 2. Dimension Site Dhaka-1 STM-16 0 STM-4 16 STM-1 24 E1 FE 1 Sets Dhaka

ICX will provide the connectivity between ICX and IGW. In ICX site, 2 OSN3500 will be deployed in Dhaka Site to handle most of the transmission.

1.4.2

Huawei NG-SDH Features

Unified Platform All the software and service cards, such as SDH, PDH, data cards (Ethernet, ATM, RPR, and SAN) are universal to each other, which greatly minimize the initial investment, spare parts as well as

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maintenance cost. Network traffic upgradeability will be achieved just through modular expansion with non-traffic affecting pattern, and without replacing the hardware system. Unified product series can also shorten the time of network deployment and training expenses. Data awareness Capability As NG-SDH equipment, OptiX OSN 3500/1500 can provide abundant service interfaces for voice and data services, such as SDH, PDH, ATM, FE/GE. For Ethernet data traffic Transport, it supports GE/FE transparent transmission; convergence and L2 switch to address various customers' requirements via GFP/LCAS/VCAT and supporting MPLS L2 VPN. It can also provide ESCON/FICON/FC, ATM, WDM, RPR etc. RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) Solution The OptiX OSN series is integrated with RPR technology to support access, aggregate and transport of 10M/100M/1000M Ethernet service. The main features and specifications are listed below. Supports 10Base-T/100Base-FX/TX, 1000Base-SX/LX to access FE/GE Ethernet traffic Supports encapsulation of GFP and LAPS protocols. Supports VCAT (Virtual Concatenation) and LCAS mechanism for bandwidth protection of data traffic Flexible configuration of the RPR ring from VC-3-1v to VC-4-8v. The mapping granule can be VC-3 or VC-4. Destination strip to realize spatial reuse mechanism Bandwidth fairness Mechanism Standard WRAPPING and STEERING protection mechanism with switch over time less than 50ms and the optimized protection technology of WRAPPING+STEERING, which is Huawei patent technology. Auto recovery of the topology to plug and play. Powerful QoS mechanism, support five priorities of A0, A1, B-EIR, B-CIR and C. Supports MPLS and stack-VLAN technology to provide VPN in the RPR ring, the service can be EVPL and EVPLAN. Supports flow-control based on 64K granularity by the CAR (Committed Access Rate) scheme. Ethernet over SDH Solution The OptiX OSN series is integrated with Ethernet over SDH Technology to support access aggregate and transport of10M/100M/1000M Ethernet service. The main features and specifications are listed as below. Supports 10Base-T/100Base-FX/TX, 1000Base-SX/LX to access FE/GE Ethernet traffic

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Supports Layer 2 switching and the ability to classify Ethernet traffic as defined in IEEE 802.1Q-tag standard. Mapping granularity: VC-12-nv, VC-3-nv, and VC-4-nv for Ethernet data, huge access and transmission capacity up to 2.5Gbps per Ethernet service card. Supports transparent transmission and convergence from FE to FE, FE to GE and GE to GE for Ethernet traffic. Supports Layer 2 VPN function and implements the EPL(Ethernet Private Line) , EVPL(Ethernet Virtual Private Line), EPLn/EPLAN(Ethernet Private LAN) and EVPLn/EVPLAN(Ethernet Virtual Private LAN) services. Supports Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), achieving dynamic capacity adjustment of transmission bandwidth and protection of concatenated group.. Support encapsulate protocols such as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP),High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) and Link Access Procedure-SDH (LAPS). High Traffic Grooming Capacity It supports large capacity high/low order cross-connect, Multi-ADM design, and flexible add-dropping capability. With high traffic grooming capacity, it supports STM-1/4/16/64 Mesh, ring, star and chain topology. Best for IP/ATM DSLAM Transport The OSN series provides good transport solution for DSLAM. OSN support ATM solution, Ethernet over SDH, RPR and WDM transport solutions for both ATM-based and IP-based DSLAMs. Different solutions can be used for different requirements on bandwidth, and can be smoothly shifted from one solution to another, so as to protect your investment. Highly Integrated Platform OSN series products support highly integrated large capacity traffic service boards with low power consumption. It also adopts OADM upgradeability just inserting new WDM cards on the existing platform without replacing the hardware system. Therefore, NGSDH is the future-proof solution because these features greatly preserve the original investment of your network. Best for Lease line services NG-SDH is the best for leased line services for business customers. So far, three different types of leased line services are available over the OSN series products: the TDM leased line (transparent transport mode), Ethernet private line (transparent transport mode) and Ethernet virtual private line (Bandwidth is shared and VALN/LSP is used to isolate data of different users. Ethernet leased line services can be very flexible in bandwidth, and can be either in the transparent mode or in the bandwidth shared mode.

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Upgradeability (ASON -based platform) OSN 3500/1500 are ASON-based platform, can be smoothly evolved into intelligent network just by software upgrade. It supports intelligent features such as protection and restoration, Automatic Topology and Resources discovery, automatic end to end service provisioning, SLA services etc. Service provisioning in traditional SDH has been a manual, lengthy, and costly process. To manually provision an end-to-end high-speed connection, a service provider must determine which SDH rings the connection traverses and provision bandwidth on each ring manually. If any ring is at full capacity, the carrier must find an alternative ring path or upgrade the capacity of a ring and propagate the information to all sites manually. These are very time-consuming processes and can even take months. The deployment of ASONbased nodes allows carriers to automate the provisioning and management of the network and promises to lower the cost of operation by reducing service activation times from few weeks to seconds via Point & click on EMS/NMS. Several ASON-based networks which had been deployed by Huawei worldwide are in commercial operation and these types of ASON-ready Huawei OSN series products has been deployed over 30 countries. Operable & manageable Platform Service boards are compatible to save spare part and operation cost, Hot-swappable SFP optical modules, Remote board information collection and remote maintenance, In-service software upgrade, IP over DCC, OSI over DCC for multi vendor interoperability and end to end service provisioning. With highly integrated NP chips, full compatibility in hardware and software, special consideration for Operation & maintenance, smoothly scalable to ASON networks (Automatic switching optical network), OptiX OSN series will bring significant cost saving for BTCL in terms of CapEx and OpEx.

1.5 Power Solution


Huawei proposed power system covers stable, uninterrupted and efficient industry leading Rectifier System, Battery Backup and Inverter System. TP481000D is a huge capacity AC&DC power system, which convert AC to DC and supply -48V DC power to the telecommunication equipments in core room. The TP481000D power system is usually composed of AC power distribution frames, DC power distribution frames, rectifier frames, rectifier modules (SMR) and monitoring units (CSU).The power system, using 48V/100A rectifier modules, can reach 6000A output by expansion. Huawei proposed battery solution covers 8 hours backup comprising 2 sets of battery banks. Huawei proposed inverter system is a high performance system suitable for the telecommunication equipments which requires uninterrupted power solution. Our proposed Inverter System can be monitored by LCD display for the proper monitoring and efficient usage.

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1.5.1 Dimension of Power Solution


The following table shows the power consumption requirement for Dhaka: Product Softx3000 UMG8900 XPTU SE2600 OSN3500 Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 300 AC Power Requirement (W) 334 DC Power Requirement (W) 1410.5 738 250 985 300

Total

634

3683.5

1.5.2 Reliability of Power Solution


For the reliability and uninterrupted DC power system, our proposed solution is based on the N+1 rectifier system design. The required rectifier system has been calculated based on the DC power requirement for the load and battery charging current. Then the rectifier system has been provided as N+1 redundancy. For the reliability and uninterrupted AC power system, our proposed solution is based on the N+1 inverter system design. The required inverter system has been calculated based on the AC power requirement for the load and the proposed inverter system has been provided as N+1 redundancy. Besides, 8 hours battery backup has been provided comprising 2 sets of battery banks for the uninterrupted Power Supply in case of the failure of commercial power. Sufficient CBs and fuses have also been provided considering redundancy.

1.6 Huawei NMS Solution


Huawei O&M, iManager N2000 supports the monitoring and management of Softx3000 and UMG8900 based on the same server. iManager N2000, which is the centralized element management system (EMS) with centralized management functionalities on Huawei network elements, including alarm management, performance management, configuration management, software management, security management, etc. All these important functionalities equipped in Huawei EMS as they are crucial for effective monitoring and management of BIG ICX. The detailed O&M functionalities of the N2000 are illustrated in the diagram below.

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Figure 6 N2000 O&M Functions

Operators can manage and maintain the authorized network elements via the N2000 Client, through the TCP/IP Ethernet network. N2000 provides open and standard northbound interfaces to be integrated into upper level NMS system. Huawei can therefore help the operator to build a highly efficient and well-integrated O&M system. To monitor and manage the datacom and transmission network, Huawei proposes U2000.

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Figure 7 Inter-working of OSS and EMS

1.6.1 Powerful Huawei Network Management


iManager N2000 & U2000 can manage all the core network elements and the related IP network equipments. Characteristics: Advanced modularized architecture Abundant northbound interfaces for NMS integration NE Software management and remote upgrade Customized performance report based on Web Alarm correlation Delivering bulk MML commands to multiple NEs Network time synchronization through NTP High Availability system Inventory information management Full backup and restoration of N2000 & U2000 Equipment panel and interface tracing Collection and storage of performance data Centralized security management Encrypted transmission in FTP mode based on SSL Integrated script platform Distributed system with multiple servers Reliable and multiform security mechanism

1.6.2 Abundant Northbound Interfaces for OSS Integrated Solution


Huawei proposed NMS provides abundant and flexible northbound interfaces to the NMS. The flexible northbound interfaces offered by the NMS can help operators to: Conveniently and quickly construct the operation and maintenance system Seamlessly integrate Huaweis mobile NEs into their current O&M system The integration proposal for configuration, monitoring, performance and backup is as follows:

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a)

Configuration Tool Integration

Huawei proposed NMS provides configuration north-bound interface to the configuration tools for inquiring the configuration files. It can export the configuration data into .xml files periodically. The configuration tools can fetch the configuration files from the directory of the NMS through FTP. It supports configuration file importing interface that enables the configuration tools to modify radio algorithm parameters and neighboring parameters. After updating the parameters, the configuration tools transfer the configuration file to the NMS. It then parses the file and generates script files and downloads them to NEs. Then the files are activated on NEs and NEs execute the modification. When the execution completes, NEs generate result files and notify NMS. It then collects the result files and combines them. The configuration tool can then get the result file from the NMS through FTP. The detailed file format and control flow shall be negotiated and confirmed by TMCZ and Huawei. b) Monitoring Tool Integration

In Huawei OSS solution, our proposed NMS collects and stores all the alarms of all NEs. The monitoring tool can collect the alarms from the NMS directly, instead of connecting to each NE. It provides various alarm north-bound interfaces to the monitoring tools, including alarm ASCII streaming interface, alarm CORBA interface, alarm file interface and alarm SNMP interface. The NMS has successful stories of integration with HP TeMIP through alarm CORBA interface, with IBM Micromuse Netcool through alarm ASCII streaming interface, alarm SNMP interface and alarm COBRA interface. c) Performance Tool Integration

In Huawei OSS solution, N2000 and U2000 collects and stores the performance data of all NEs. The performance tool can collect the performance data from them directly instead of connecting to each NEs. It provides the performance north-bound file interface to the performance tool. It has successful stories of integration with IBM Vallent Metrica and Mycom NMS-Proptima through performance north-bound file interface d) Backup Tool Integration

Huawei proposed NMS supports to back up configuration data of the network elements and system data of the NMS itself. The backup tool can get the backup files from the NMS through FTP.

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1.7 Lawful Interception Solution


Huawei Softswitch solution supports LI solution and meets both ETSI and 3GPP specification. In Huawei proposed solution, Huawei suggests MC (Monitoring Center) are purchased and managed by national security administration or LEA. The following figure shows Huawei interception solution logic architecture based on ETSI/3GPP.

Figure 5 Lawful Interception Solution

Softswitch (Softx3000): SOFTX3000 provides the support of LI function, and performs call control function for intercepted calls. It can intercept all the communication and non-communication actions of the intercepted number in real time. The communication actions include outgoing/incoming traffic, supplementary service activation, SMS transmission/reception, FAX, etc. For the communication action, Softswitch can generate and send IRI/CC to LIG/MC. For the non-communication actions, Softswitch can generate and send IRI to LIG/MC. The LI service will not affect any other telecommunication services. MGW (UMG8900):

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The MGW is connected to the MC or LIG (modify according to your project) through E1s over ISUP. It is controlled by the softswitch via H.248 protocol, to duplicate the interception content (CC) and send to the MC or LIG through E1s in PCM voice format. LIG: LIG is Huawei internal terminology. In ETSI/3GPP standards, LIG is called mediation. Its main functions are: Managing the interception targets, the LI operator can use the LIG client to activate, list, deactivate the interception targets. This function module is called ADMF in ETSI/3GPP standards; Receiving the interception related information from TNE and transferring it to MC. This function module is called DF2 in ETSI/3GPP standards; Optional Receiving the interception call content from TNE and transferring it to MC. This function module is called DF3 in ETSI/3GPP standards; MC: MC is Huawei internal terminology. In ETSI/3GPP standards, MC is called LEMF. Its main functions are: Receiving and Storing interception related information from LIG; Receiving and Storing call content from LIG or TNE; Intelligently analyzing the stored information, such like restoring the call content, intelligent show the interception related information. Interface and Function: There are two kinds of interfaces in the LI solution: X interface and Handover interface (HI). X interface is the interface between TNE and LIG, HI is the interface between LIG and MC. X interface includes X1, X2, and X3 logical channels. X1: based on TCP or UDP/IP, transmits the commands/responses between TNE and LIG. LIG/MC can activate/deactivate/inquire targets through this channel. TNE is the server point while X1 is based on TCP/IP protocol. X2: based on TCP/IP, provides the interception relative information to LIG, like calls establish/release PDP activation and so on. LIG is the server point in TCP link. X3: transmits the Content of Communications, like speech, user packet. Handover interface includes HI1, HI2, and HI3 logical channels. Controlling LIG system security and monitoring LIG system activity.

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HI1:TCP/IP or manual. HI1 interface is the command control interface used to activate or deactivate intercepted targets. HI2: based on TCP/IP, MC will receive the IRI through this interface. LIG uses FTP protocol to delivery IRI to MC according to ETSI/3GPP standards. HI3: MC receives the intercepted CC (Call Content) through this interface.

1.8 Inter-working Solution


1.8.1 Inter-working with TDM Networks
Huawei has extensive experience in IOT execution and MVI (Multi-Vendor Integration) deployment both in Huaweis IOT open lab and in customer network environment. Huawei also generated plenty of new software applications with our partners. Except the system integration with our partners, Huawei also has performed the IOT of many standard interfaces with other mainstream equipment vendors products. Here IGW will connect with ICX or some of the International operators with TDM. Softx3000 uses ISUP protocol to communicate with the TDM network in Signaling plane. UMG8900 provides the inter-working functions with the TDM networks through SS7 signaling link, also provides the necessary codec and media format translation functions. UMG8900 is embedded with signaling gateway (SGW) function, support inter-working and adaptation from MTP2, MTP3 to M2UA and M3UA. In this way, the UMG8900 acts as a single connection point to TDM based networks and no independent SGW is needed. Various signaling protocols supported by UMG8900 embedded SGW, such as R2, IUA, M2UA, M3UA and ISUP. Please refer to the figure below for more illustration of the signaling protocol stack supported by UMG8900.

Figure 8 UMG8900 Protocol Stack

1.8.2 Inter-working with IP Networks


To inter-work with IP network, one SBC (SE2600) needs to be deployed at the IP network border to control the voice, video, and data session. It supports the following features:

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Network security Quality of Service (QoS) Network Address Translation (NAT)

While working as a I-SBC, SE2600 provides the following functions: Serving as the SIP/SIP-T trunk and H.323 trunk, the SE2600 can interconnect the SoftX3000s that are deployed in different networks. By exchanging trunk signaling, the SE2600 allocates media addresses and port numbers and generates channels for media streams to help forward media streams. By handling signaling and media, the SE2600 supports NAT traversal, security defense, and topology hiding.

Figure 9 - Inter-working with IP Network

1.9 Illegal Number Blocking


Since the VOIP number is illegal number in Bangladesh, Huawei provide the blocking illegal number function in the expansion proposal. The number blocking function is provided by

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softswitch. BIG can configure any of the numbers or number ranges which need to be blocked in the softswitch. When softswitch found the caller number is in the list of blocked number, the call will be rejected by softswitch. The function is incoming caller number discrimination; the number range to be rejected can be configured in softswitch. When any incoming call go through BIG NGN, the softswitch would compare the incoming call number with the configured illegal number, when the incoming call number is the illegal number, the softswitch will reject the call directly.

1.9.1 The incoming call number is standard number.

Figure 11: Standard incoming call number Subscriber B call subscriber A; Softswitch will identify the B number with the number range which be configured as illegal; The B number not included in the illegal number range; The softswitch transfer the call to the A number normally.

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1.9.2 Illegal incoming number call rejected

Figure : illegal incoming call rejected Subscriber B call subscriber A; Softswitch will identify the B number with the number range which be configured as illegal; The B number is included in the illegal number range; The softswitch rejected the call.

Key Solution Highlights

1. High rate The use of high-speed serial data links and the switching structure brings as wide as 2.5 Tbit/s bandwidths for data switching. 2. High availability All boards and back inserted boards are hot swappable, and a redundancy mechanism is available for essential components such as power supply, fans, management modules, and boards. This contributes to 99.999% system availability. 3. High expandability

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By adding an interface board to a subrack, the operator can increase the number of interfaces on an board and realize subrack cascading. 4. High scalability Backplanes can be smoothly upgraded to 10 GE, and the performance of the interface board is highly scalable. 5. High manageability The use of standard management buses realizes efficient management of any system components. The SOFTX3000 provides advanced hardware technology, featuring modular hardware structure, large capacity, and high integration. All boards use advanced integrated circuits such as the ASIC, PLD, and FPGA. This simplifies the working of the SOFTX3000 and improves the integration of the system. When serving as the Class-5 only, SOFTX3000 V300R010 supports a maximum of 2 million subscribers. When serving as the Class4 only, SOFTX3000 V300R010 supports 360K TDM trunk circuits. With the distributed hardware structure, high-performance chips, high-speed buses, and high speed Intel processors, the SOFTX3000 provides powerful processing capabilities.

Reliability
Huawei IGW solution and network elements are all designed to be fully redundancy. All the important components, including Softx3000, UMG8900, OSN and NE40E are embedded with redundancy features, including control cards, service processing cards, power supply, fans, bus and software blocks, are designed to work in redundancy mode. There is no single point of failure in the whole system. The H.248 connections between Softx3000 and UMG8900 are based on SCTP protocol and Multi-homing mechanism is used to make it more reliable. SCTP with Multi-homing mechanism is also been used in the SIGTRAN technology as transmission layer in both Softx3000 and UMG8900. UMG8900 Protection Capability for TDM Connection

The UMG8900, as a large-capacity and high-density media gateway device, provides large-capacity SDH/SONET interfaces. The SDH/SONET interfaces serve as the convergence interfaces of the lower-layer network service, and its security is important. Therefore, the Huawei media gateway, UMG8900 is designed with the function of SDH/SONET interface protection. The SDH/SONET interface protection uses the linear multiplex section protection, and the protection modes consist of the 1+1 backup and 1:N backup. When configuring the SDH/SONET interface protection, set the optical interface on the master SDH/SONET interface board to the work channel of the protection group, and that of the slave SDH/SONET interface board to the protection channel. In this case, when the optical interface of the work channel fails, services are automatically switched to the optical interface of the protection channel, and the services are not interrupted.

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The following figure shows the work mode of the 1+1 backup.

A Work channel Protect channel

Work channel Protect channel

Figure 20 1+1 Backup

In the 1+1 backup mode, each work channel has a dedicated protection channel. The transmitter sends signals over the two channels, and the receiver receives the signals from the channel with the signals of a better quality. The following figure shows the work mode of the 1:N backup.
A Protect channel (send) Protect channel (receive) Work channel 1 (send) Work channel 1 (receive) Work channel 2 (send) Work channel 2 (receive) B

Work channel N (send) Work channel N (receive) Bridge Selector Selector Bridge

Figure 21 N+1 Backup

The difference between the 1: N backup and 1+1 backup is that N channels share one dedicated slave channel. When the system is normal, service streams are transmitted over the work channel. When the work channel is disconnected or its performance deteriorates, the transmitter switches to the protection channel to transmit the service streams and the receiver receives the information over the protection channel. IP Interface Load Sharing

The UMG8900 supports the load-sharing working mode of IP interfaces. Two load-sharing IP

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interfaces are configured with IP addresses respectively, and separately carry services. These two IP interface are backup for each other. When a IP interface is faulty, traffic is automatically switched to the other IP interface. Thus, the normal operating of bearer services is not interrupted. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

The UMG8900 supports the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) protocol. Through BFD, the UMG8900 periodically sends UDP-based fault detection packets, to detect and check disconnection faults of the transmission link, optical interface, and electrical interface, and faults caused by applications, such as packet loss, error code, and forwarding on the link layer and network layer. When BFD deployed, the time of link changeover is below 200ms.

Excellent Voice Quality


Huawei IGW solution is embedded with different mechanism to guaranteed high quality of voice in the network. In the VoIP networks, these factors can affect the voice quality from the following aspects: Delay and jitter

Delay and jitter refer to duration when an NE forwards service messages in a communication network. When a voice packet is transmitted from A to B over the IP network, time overhead is generated during the process of packet sending, transmitting, and receiving. End-to-end delay contains codec delay, encapsulation and decapsulation delay, and network transmission delay. Jitter is mainly caused by the network. The least intermediate nodes (such as routers and switches) in the end-to-end transmission path result in the smallest jitter. If a delay exceeds 250 ms, the communication satisfaction decreases. Therefore, end-to-end delay cannot be longer than 250 ms. Packet loss ratio

On IP networks, due to causes such as network congestion, service packets that cannot be transmitted from the source address to the destination address are discarded. The packet loss ratio is the percentage of lost packets in relating to the whole packets to be transmitted. IP packets are lost on the IP network in two cases: The packets are lost during the network transmission, and the routing device discards IP packets when the network is congested. When the packet loss ratio is greater than 10%, the voice quality is severely affected. Echo

Echo indicates that speakers can hear their own voices in the earpiece during the conversation. Echo is categorized into two types: electrical echo and acoustic echo. Noise

Noise is any interfering sound, it can be thought of as any undesirable characteristic that

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degrades the signal of interest. level

The voice level is an item used to measure the voice, and its unit is dBm. dBm represents the decibels of one mW. The voice transmitting and receiving level is another key factor affecting the voice quality. Therefore, the voice gateway must be able to adjust the voice level. Usually, the voice level is set to 0 dBm. Huawei Voice Quality solution The UMG8900 realizes a series of voice technologies, including dynamic/static Jitter-Buffer (DJB/SJB), electrical echo cancellation (EEC), acoustic echo cancellation (AEC), gain control (GC), packet loss compensation (PLC), noise suppression (NS). Huawei provide these VQE technologies to solve these problems

Figure 22 Voice Quality Solution

Factors Quality

Affecting

Voice

Huawei VQE solution

Delay and jitter Packet loss ratio Electrical echo Cancellation Acoustic echo Cancellation Noise Level

Dynamic and Static Jitter-Buffer Packet Loss Compensation Electrical echo Cancellation Acoustic echo Cancellation Noise Suppression Automatic Gain Control

Dynamic and Static Jitter-Buffer

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Figure 23 Jitter-Buffer Processing

When voice streams are transmitted through the Nb interface across multiple MGWs on an IP network, voice streams jitter occurs at the receiving end due to IP network jitter. To minimize the impact of the IP network on the voice quality, the UMG8900 adopts the Jitter-Buffer technology. That is, the UMG8900 buffers the received voice packets and then outputs them at a regular interval after they re-queue. In this manner, jitter is defeated and voices can be smoothly received. Please refer to the diagram above for more illustration. Generally, the longest Jitter-Buffer modifies the voice packet queue best, which, however, results in long delay and degrades the voice quality. Therefore, the UMG8900 provides the adaptive Jitter-Buffer technology to balance jitter and delay. That is, the UMG8900 can adjust the Jitter-Buffer depth against IP network jitter based on the actual jitter conditions of an IP network. Dynamic Jitter-Buffer: The DJB is automatically invoked by the system to improve the voice quality for each VoIP call. The UMG8900 also supports static Jitter-Buffer which is mainly applied to data services. Users can set the SJB to 0300 ms with the relevant command. Packet Loss Compensation Owing to network congestion, buffer overflow, and error bits, packages are always lost in the connectionless network. Real-time data streams such as voice packets have a strict sequence, and thus discarding is better than retransmission. The voice compression codec algorithms used by IP calls are always in frame, and they are sensitive to packet loss. Consecutive frame loss obviously affects the intelligibility, naturalness, and clearness of the integrated voice at the receiving end. To avoid the effect of packet loss, the package loss compensation (PLC) algorithm is used. Based on the dependencies of the context voice information, the lost frames are regenerated during the decoding, and in this way, the effect of the received voice is guaranteed.

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The PLC processing flow is shown in the following figure.

Figure 24 Packet Loss Compensation Processing

Electrical Echo Cancellation The echo means that the speaker voice is looped back to the speaker through network devices. The feature of the echo is that the perceived quality of the speaker is affected, and that of the hearer is not. In the single-IP telephone system, voice signals are received and sent through different physical lines, that is, the four-wire circuits, and thus no echo is generated. When the IP network and the PSTN network are interconnected, at least one of the two communication parties is the two-wire phone, and two wire four wire transformation circuits are covered, and the echo is generated. The reason of the echo generation is as follows: Full-duplex data transmission allows simultaneously transmitting messages in two directions in one frequency band, that is, in a digital user loop, use one twisted pair cable to transmit two signals of different directions. At the two full-duplex ends, the hybrid lines are used to separate the transmission in two directions. To avoid the reflection of local and remote signals at the hybrid, you must know the precise impedance of lines. The line impedance depends on the line parameters; however, usually the precise line parameters are unknown. In this way, attenuated and distorted transmission signals are leaked to the input end of a receiver, and the echo arise. This is the electrical echo. Automatic Gain Control In the communications system, input voice signals are often collected with microphones. When gains of the audio enlargement system are fixed, the collected voice signals vary with the speakers distance to the microphone. In this way, remote users hear the voice with unsteady volume, and the subject quality of voice decreases. To enhance the subject quality of voice, the automatic gain control (AGC) technology is introduced. The AGC function can compensate changes of the voice volume, retain the voice level, and help users enjoy steady, clear conversations. At present, the voice quality enhancement

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(VQE) function provided by the UMG8900 has the following functions settings: Enabling the AGC function or not as a whole. Enabling the AGC function of the local exchange or other exchanges. Setting the adjustment maximum value from 3 dB to 12 dB. Setting the adjustment target level value. Setting the target level from 23 dBm to 6 dBm.

Noise Suppression At present, the voice quality enhancement (VQE) function provided by the UMG8900 can support the noise suppression (NS) function. NS can: Detect input signals during a conversation. Identify and eliminate noise. Provide clear, high-quality voice for users.

Enabling the noise reduction (NR) function or not according to the channel configuration. The NR can: Detect the local and remote input signals at the same time, or detect the local or remote input signals, and identify and eliminate noise. Set the noise suppression energy from 0 dB to 15 dB. Automatically adjust the local or remote output voice volume based on the local or remote input noise to help users in a noisy environment hear pleasant, clear voice. Enabling the noise compensation (NC) function or not according to the channel configuration. The NC can: Adjust the local and remote input signals, or adjust the local or remote input signals. Set the adjusted voice volume gains from 3 dB to 12 dB.

Voice quality specifications of UMG8900 In a good network condition: MOS > 4.0 In a poor network condition: MOS > 3.5 (packet loss rate = 1%, network jitter = 20 ms, delay = 100 ms)

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3 Annex A. Abbreviations and Acronyms


Abbreviation Description

ACL AMG AS ASL ASN.1 ATM BAM BAS BGCF BHCA BRA BFD BAM BHCA CCF CDB CDR CLIP CLIP CMU CN CPU CSCF CDB

Access Control List Access Media Gateway Application Server Analog Subscriber Line Board Abstract Syntax Notation One Asynchronous Transfer Mode Back Administration Module Broadband Access Server Breakout Gateway Control Function Busy Hour Call Attempt Basic Rate Access Bi-directional Forwarding Back Administration Module Busy Hour Call Attempt Charging Collection Function Central Database Board Charging Data Records Caller Line Identification Presentation Caller Line Identification Presentation Connection Maintenance Unit Connection Node Central Processing Unit Call Session Control Function Central Database Board

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CLIP DOPRA

Caller Line Identification Presentation Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture

DCN DDI DOPRA

Data Communication Network Direct-Dialing-In Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Real-time Architecture

ECF ENIP FRR FTAM FTP FE FTAM FTP GE GUI H.248 HONET HRB HSS HTML IAD IADMS I-CSCF ID iGWB

Event Charging Function Enhanced Network Intelligent Network Fast Reroute File Transfer Access and Management Protocol File Transfer Protocol Fast Ethernet File Transfer Access and Management Protocol File Transfer Protocol Gigabit Ethernet Graphical User Interface H.248/MECAMGO protocol Home Optical Network High-speed Routing Board Home Subscriber Server Hyper Text Markup Language Integrated Access Device Integrated Access Device Management System Interrogating CSCF Identity iGateWay Bill

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Technical Proposal for IGW Abbreviation Description

iMAP IMS IM-SSF INAP IP ISDN ISO ITU-T

Integrated Management Application Platform IP Multimedia Subsystem IP Multimedia Service Switching Function Intelligent Network Application Part Internet Protocol Integrated Services Digital Network International Organization for Standardization International Telecommunication Union -

Telecommunication Standardization Sector ISDN L2UA LAN LDD LSP M3UA MA MCU MDC MG MGCF MGCP MGW MIB MML MRF MRFC MRFP Integrated Services Digital Network Layer 2 User Adaption Layer Local Area Network Label Distribution protocol Label Switch Path Message Transfer Part 3 (MTP3) -User Adaptation Layer Multi-service Access Multipoint Control Unit Message Distribution Center Media Gateway Media Gateway controller Function Media Gateway Control Protocol Media Gateway Management Information Base Man Machine Language Media Resource Function Media Resource Function Controller Media Resource Function Processor

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Technical Proposal for IGW Abbreviation Description

MRS MTBF MTP MTTR NAT NGN NMS NIC NMS NPB OLT ONU OSA OSS POTS PSTN PBX PC P-CSCF PDH PLMN POTS PRA PSTN PVM QoS

Media Resource Server Mean Time Between Failure Message Transfer Part Mean Time To Repair Network Address Translation Next Generation Network Network Management System Network Interface Card Network Management System Network Processing Board Optical Line Terminal Optical Network Unit Open Service Access Operating Support System Plain Old Telephone Service Public Switched Telephone Network Private Branch Exchange Personal Computer Proxy CSCF Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Public Land Mobile Network Plain Old Telephone Service Primary Rate Access Public Switched Telephone Network Packet Voice Module Quality Of Service

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Technical Proposal for IGW Abbreviation Description

RAID RM RPB RPR RTP SCF S-CSCF SDH SG SGW SHLR SIP SMB SNMP SPB SQL STM-1 SYS STM-1 TDM TCP TFTP TL1 TMG TMN TSS

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Resource Manager Resource Processing Board Ring Packet Resilience Real-time Transport Protocol Session Charging Function Serving CSCF Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Signaling Gateway Signaling Gateway Smart Home Location Register Session Initiated Protocol System Management Board Simple Network Management Protocol Service Processing Board Structured Query Language Synchronous Transfer Mode 1 System Management Board Synchronous Transfer Mode 1 Time Division Multiplexing Transmission Control Protocol Trivial File Transfer Protocol Transaction Language 1 Trunk Media Gateway Telecommunications Management Network Test Board

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Technical Proposal for IGW Abbreviation Description

UMS UDP UMG URL VoIP VPN VoIP VPN VSP VSU VVR WAN XML

U-SYS Management System User Datagram Protocol Universal Media Gateway Uniform Resource Locator Voice Over IP Virtual Private Network Voice Over IP Virtual Private Network Voice-band Signal Processing Board Voice-band Signal Unit Veritas Volume Replication Wide Area Network Extensible Mark-up Language

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