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ALGEBRA PROJECT

UNIT 3

SOLVING
LINEAR EQUATIONS
SOLVING
LINEAR EQUATIONS
Lesson 1 Writing Equations
Lesson 2 Solving Equations by Using Addition
and Subtraction
Lesson 3 Solving Equations by Using Multiplication
and Division
Lesson 4 Solving Multi-Step Equations
Lesson 5 Solving Equations with the Variable
on Each Side
Lesson 6 Ratios and Proportions
Lesson 7 Percent of Change
Lesson 8 Solving Equations and Formulas
Lesson 9 Weighted Averages
WRITING EQUATIONS
Example 1 Translate Sentences into Equations
Example 2 Use the Four-Step Plan
Example 3 Write a Formula
Example 4 Translate Equations into Sentences
Example 5 Write a Problem
Translate this sentence into an equation.
A number b divided by three is equal to six less than c.
b divided by three is equal to six less than c.

Answer: The equation is .


Translate this sentence into an equation.
Fifteen more than z times six is y times two minus eleven.
Fifteen more than z times six is y times two minus eleven.

15 z 6 y 2 11
Answer: The equation is .
Translate each sentence into an equation.
a. A number c multiplied by six is equal to two more than d.
Answer: The equation is .

b. Three less than a number a divided by four is seven more


than 3 times b.

Answer: The equation is .


Jellybeans A popular jellybean
manufacturer produces 1,250,000
jellybeans per hour. How many
hours does it take them to produce
10,000,000 jellybeans?

Explore You know that 1,250,000 jellybeans are produced


each hour. You want to know how many hours it
will take to produce 10,000,000 jellybeans.
Plan Write an equation to represent the situation.
Let h represent the number of hours needed to produce
the jellybeans.
1,250,000 times hours equals 10,000,000.

1,2500,000 h 10,000,000
Solve
Find h mentally by asking, “What number times 125
equals 1000?”
h=8
Answer: It will take 8 hours to produce
10,000,000 jellybeans.
Examine If 1,250,000 jellybeans are produced in one hour,
then 1,250,000 x 8 or 10,000,000 jellybeans are
produced in 8 hours. The answer makes sense.
A person at the KeyTronic World Invitational
Type-Off typed 148 words per minute. How
many minutes would it take to type 3552
words?

Answer: It would take 24 minutes.


Translate the sentence into a formula.
The perimeter of a square equals four times the length
of the side.
Words Perimeter equals four times the length
of the side.
Variables Let P = perimeter and s = length of a side.
Perimeter equals four times the length
of a side.

P 4s
Answer: The formula is .
Translate the sentence into a formula.
The area of a circle equals the product of π and the square of
the radius r.

Answer: The formula is .


Translate this equation into a verbal sentence.

12 2x 5

Twelve minus two times x equals negative five.


Answer: Twelve minus two times x equals negative five.
Translate this equation into a verbal sentence.

a2 3b

a squared plus three times b equals c divided by six.


Answer: a squared plus three times b equals c divided by six.
Translate each equation into a verbal sentence.

1.

Answer: Twelve divided by b minus four equals


negative one.

2.

Answer: Five times a equals b squared plus one.


Write a problem based on the given information.
f = cost of fries f + 1.50 = cost of a burger

4( f + 1.50) – f = 8.25
Answer: The cost of a burger is $1.50 more than the cost of
fries. Four times the cost of a burger minus the cost of fries
equals $8.25. How much do fries cost?
Write a problem based on the given information.
h = Tiana’s height in inches
h – 3 = Consuelo’s height in inches
3h(h – 3) = 8262
Answer: Consuelo is 3 inches shorter than Tiana. The product
of Consuelo’s height and three times Tiana’s is 8262. How tall
is Tiana?
SOLVING
EQUATIONS
by using
ADDITION
and
SUBTRACTION
Example 1 Solve by Adding a Positive Number
Example 2 Solve by Adding a Negative Number
Example 3 Solve by Subtracting
Example 4 Solve by Adding or Subtracting
Example 5 Write and Solve an Equation
Example 6 Write an Equation to Solve a Problem
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Add 12 to each side.

Answer: and

To check that –15 is the solution, substitute –15 for h in the


original equation.
Solve . Then check your solution.

Answer: 40

Check:
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Add –63 to each side.

Answer: and

To check that 29 is the solution, substitute 29 for k in the


original equation.
Solve . Then check your solution.

Answer: –61

Check:
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Subtract 102 from each side.

Answer: and

To check that –66 is the solution, substitute –66 for c in the


original equation.
Solve . Then check your solution.

Answer: –171

Check:
Solve in two ways.

Method 1 Use the Subtraction Property of Equality.

Original equation

Subtract from each side.

Answer: and

or
Method 2 Use the Addition Property of Equality.

Original equation

Add to each side.

Answer: and

or
Solve .

Answer:
Write an equation for the problem. Then solve the equation
and check your solution.
Fourteen more than a number is equal to twenty-seven. Find this
number.
Fourteen more than a number is equal to twenty-seven.

14 n 27

Original equation

Subtract 14 from each side.


Answer: and

To check that 13 is the solution, substitute 13 for n in the


original equation. The solution is 13.
Twelve less than a number is equal to negative
twenty-five. Find the number.

Answer: –13
History The Washington
Monument in Washington, D.C., was
built in two phases. From 1848–
1854, the monument was built to a
height of 152 feet. From 1854 until
1878, no work was done. Then from
1878 to 1888, the additional
construction resulted in its final
height of 555 feet. How much of the
monument was added during the
second construction phase?
Words The first height plus the additional height equals
555 feet.
Variables Let a = the additional height.
The first height plus the additional height equals 555.
152 a 555
Original equation
Subtract 152 from each side.
and

Answer: There were 403 feet added to the Washington


Monument from 1878 to 1888.
The Sears Tower was built in 1974. The height to the Sky
Deck is 1353 feet. The actual recorded height is 1450 feet.
In 1982, they added twin antenna towers, which does not
count for the record, for a total structure height of 1707
feet. How tall are the twin antenna towers?

Answer: 257 feet


SOLVING
EQUATIONS
by using
MULTIPLICATION
and
DIVISION
Example 1 Solve Using Multiplication by a Positive
Number
Example 2 Solve Using Multiplication by a Fraction
Example 3 Solve Using Multiplication by a Negative
Number
Example 4 Write and Solve an Equation Using
Multiplication
Example 5 Solve Using Division by a Positive Number
Example 6 Solve Using Division by a Negative Number
Example 7 Write and Solve an Equation Using Division
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Multiply each side by 12.

Answer: and

To check that 9 is the solution, substitute 9 for s in the


original equation.
Solve .

Answer: 12
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Rewrite each mixed number as


in improper fraction.
Multiply each side by ,
the reciprocal of .
Answer: or Check this result.

To check that is the solution, substitute for

k in the original equation.


Solve .

Answer:
Solve .

Original equation

Multiply each side by ,


the reciprocal of –15.

Answer: Check this result.

To check that 5 is the solution, substitute 5 for b in the


original equation.
Solve .

Answer:
Space Travel Using information from
Example 4 in the Student Edition, what
would be the weight
of Neil Armstrong’s suit and life-
support backpack on Mars if three
times the Mars weight equals the Earth
weight?
Words Three times the weight on Mars equals the
weight on Earth.
Variables Let w = the weight on Mars.
Three times the weight on Mars equals the weight on Earth.

3 w 198

Original equation

Multiply each side by .

and

Answer: The weight of Neil Armstrong’s suit and life-support


backpacks on Mars would be 66 pounds.
Refer to the information about Neil Armstrong in
Example 4. If Neil Armstrong weighed 216 pounds on
Earth, how much would he weigh on Mars?

Answer: He would weigh 72 pounds on Mars.


Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Divide each side by 11.

Answer: and

To check, substitute 13 for w.


Solve . Then check your solution.

Answer: 17

Check:
Solve .

Original equation

Divide each side by –8.

Answer: and
Solve .

Answer: –23
Write an equation for the problem below. Then solve the
equation.
Negative fourteen times a number equals 224.
Negative fourteen times a number equals 224.

–14 n 224

Original equation

Divide each side by –14.

Answer: Check this result.


Negative thirty-four times a number equals 578. Find the
number.

Answer: –17
SOLVING
MULTI- STEP EQUATIONS
Example 1 Work Backward to Solve a Problem
Example 2 Solve Using Addition and Division
Example 3 Solve Using Subtraction and Multiplication
Example 4 Solve Using Multiplication and Addition
Example 5 Write and Solve a Multi-Step Equation
Example 6 Solve a Consecutive Integer Problem
Danny took some rope with
him on his camping trip. He
used 32 feet of rope to tie his
canoe to a log on the shore.
The next night, he used half of the
remaining rope to secure his tent during a thunderstorm.
On the last day, he used 7 feet as a fish stringer to keep the
fish that he caught. After the camping trip, he had 9 feet
left. How much rope did he have at the beginning of the
camping trip?
Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
Statement Undo the Statement
He had 9 feet left. 9
He used 7 feet as a
9 + 7 = 16
fish stringer.
He used half of the remaining
rope to secure his tent.
16 × 2 = 32
He used 32 feet to tie 32 + 32 = 64
his canoe.
Answer: He had 64 feet of rope. Check the
answer in the context of the problem.
Olivia went to the mall to spend some of her monthly
allowance. She put $10 away so it could be deposited in the
savings account at a later date. The first thing she bought
was a CD for $15.99. The next stop was to buy hand lotion
and a candle, which set her back $9.59. For lunch, she spent
half of the remaining cash. She went to the arcade room
and spent $5.00 and took home $1.21. How much was
Olivia’s monthly allowance?

Answer: $48.00
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation

Add 13 to each side.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.

Answer: Simplify.
To check, substitute 10 for q in the original
equation.
Solve .

Answer: 14
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Subtract 9 from each side.

Simplify.

Multiply each side by 12.

Answer: s = –240 Simplify.


To check, substitute –240 for s in the original equation.
Solve .

Answer: 363
Solve .

Original equation

Multiply each side by –3.

Simplify.

Add 8 to each side.

Answer: r = 14 Simplify.
Solve .

Answer: 21
Write an equation for the problem below. Then solve the
equation.
Eight more than five times a number is negative 62.
Eight more than five times a number is negative 62.

8 5 n 62

Original equation

Subtract 8 from each side.

Simplify.
Multiply each side by .

Answer: n = –14 Simplify.


Three-fourths of seven subtracted from a number is
negative fifteen. What is the number?

Answer: –13
Number Theory Write an equation for the problem below.
Then solve the equation and answer the problem.
Find three consecutive odd integers whose sum is 57.

Let n = the least odd integer.


Let n + 2 = the next greater odd integer.
Let n + 4 = the greatest of the three odd integers.
The sum of three consecutive odd integers is 57.

= 57
Original equation
Simplify.

Subtract 6 from each side.


Simplify.

Divide each side by 3.

Simplify.

or 19 Answer: The consecutive odd


integers are
or 21 17, 19, and 21.
Find three consecutive even integers whose sum is 84.
Answer: 26, 28, 30
SOLVING EQUATIONS
with the
VARIABLE ON EACH SIDE
Example 1 Solve an Equation with Variables on Each Side
Example 2 Solve an Equation with Grouping Symbols
Example 3 No Solutions
Example 4 An Identity
Example 5 Use Substitution to Solve an Equation
Solve .
Original equation
Subtract 7s from each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 8 from each side.
Simplify.

Divide each side by –2.

Answer: s = 5 Simplify.
To check your answer, substitute 5 for s in the
original equation.
Solve .

Answer:
Solve . Then check your solution.

Original equation

Distributive Property

Subtract 12q from


each side.
Simplify.

Subtract 6 from
each side.
Simplify.

Divide each side by –8.

Answer: q = 6 Simplify.

To check, substitute 6 for q in the original equation.


Solve .

Answer: 36
Solve .

Original equation

Distributive Property

Subtract 40c from each


side.
This statement is false.
Answer: There must be at least one c to represent the
variable. This equation has no solution.
Solve .

Answer: This equation has no solution.


Solve . Then check your
solution.

Original equation

Distributive Property

Answer: Since the expression on each side of the


equation is the same, this equation is an identity. The
statement is true for all values of t.
Solve .

Answer: is true for all values of c.


Multiple-Choice Test Item
Solve .
A 13
B –13
C 26
D –26
Read the Test Item
You are asked to solve an equation.
Solve the Test Item
You can solve the equation or substitute each value
into the equation and see if it makes the equation
true. We will solve by substitution.
A: Substitute 13 for b.
B: Substitute –13 for b.
C: Substitute 26 for b.
D: Substitute –26 for b.

Answer: Since the value –26 makes the statement true, the
answer is D.
Multiple-Choice Test Item
Solve .
A 32
B –32
C 26
D –26
Answer: C
RATIOS
and
PROPORTIONS
Example 1 Determine Whether Ratios Form a Proportion
Example 2 Use Cross Products
Example 3 Solve a Proportion
Example 4 Use Rates
Example 5 Use a Scale Drawing
Determine whether the ratios and form a
proportion.

Answer: The ratios are equal. Therefore, they form a


proportion.
Do the ratios and form a proportion?

Answer: The ratios are not equal. Therefore, they do not


form a proportion.
Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

Write the equation.

Find the cross products.


Simplify.
Answer: The cross products are not equal, so .
The ratios do not form a proportion.
Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

Write the equation.

Find the cross products.


Simplify.
Answer: The cross products are equal, so .
Since the ratios are equal, they form a
proportion.
Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

Answer: The cross products are equal. Therefore, the ratios do


form a proportion.
Use cross products to determine whether the pair
of ratios below forms a proportion.

Answer: The cross products are not equal. Therefore, the


ratios do not form a proportion.
Solve the proportion .

Original equation

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 8.

Answer: Simplify.
Solve the proportion .

Answer: 6.3
Bicycling The gear on a bicycle
is 8:5. This means that for every
eight turns of the pedals, the
wheel turns five times. Suppose
the bicycle wheel turns about
2435 times during a trip. How many times
would you have to turn the pedals during the trip?
Explore Let p represent the number of times needed to
crank the pedals.
Plan Write a proportion for the problem.
turns of the pedals turns of the pedals

wheel turns wheel turns


Solve Original proportion

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.

Answer: 3896 = p Simplify.


Examine If it takes 8 turns of the pedal to make the wheel
turn 5 times, then it would take 1.6 turns of the
pedal to make the wheel turn 1 time. So, if the
wheel turns 2435 times, then there are 2435 × 1.6
or 3896 turns of the pedal. The answer is correct.
Before 1980, Disney created animated movies using cels.
These hand drawn cels (pictures) of the characters and
scenery represented the action taking place, one step at a
time. For the movie Snow White, it took 24 cels per second
to have the characters move smoothly. The movie is
around 42 minutes long. About how many cels were drawn
to produce Snow White?

Answer: About 60,480 cels were drawn to produce Snow


White.
Maps In a road atlas, the scale for the map of Connecticut
is 5 inches = 41 miles. The scale for the map of Texas is 5
inches = 144 miles. What are the distances in miles
represented by 2.5 inches on each map?

Explore Let d represent the actual distance.


Plan Write a proportion for the problem.
Connecticut:
scale
scale

actual actual
Texas:
scale
scale

actual actual
Solve Connecticut:

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.

or 20.5 Simplify.
Solve Texas:

Find the cross products.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.

or 72 Simplify.
Answer: The actual distance in Connecticut represented
by 2.5 inches is 20.5 miles. The actual distance
in Texas represented by 2.5 inches is 72 miles.
Examine: 2.5 inches is of 5 inches. So 2.5 inches
represents (41) or 20.5 miles in Connecticut
and (144) or 72 miles in Texas. The answer is
correct.
The scale on a map of the United States is

inches = 750 miles. The distance, on the map,

between Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., is

about inches. What is the distance in miles

between the two locations?

Answer: The distance in miles between Los Angeles and


Washington, D.C., is about 2,114 miles.
PERCENT of CHANGE
Example 1 Find Percent of Change
Example 2 Find the Missing Value
Example 3 Find Amount After Sales Tax
Example 4 Find Amount After Discount
State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the percent of
change.
original: 32
new: 40

Find the amount of change. Since the new amount is greater


than the original, the percent of change is a percent of
increase.
40 – 32 = 8
Find the percent using the original number, 32,
as the base.
change percent change

original amount 100 percent

Find the cross products.


Simplify.

Divide each side by 32.

Simplify.
Answer: The percent of increase is 25%.
State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the percent of
change.
original: 20
new: 4

Find the amount of change. Since the new amount is less than
the original, the percent of change is a percent of decrease.
20 – 4 = 16
Find the percent using the original number, 20,
as the base.
change percent change

original amount 100 percent

Find the cross products.


Simplify.

Divide each side by 20.

Simplify.
Answer: The percent of decrease is 80%.
a. State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the
percent of change.
original: 20
new: 18

Answer: The percent of change is a decrease of 28%.


b. State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the
percent of change.
original: 12
new: 48

Answer: The percent of change is an increase of 300%.


Sales The price a used-book store pays to buy a book is
$5. The store sells the book for 28% above the price that it
pays for the book. What is the selling price of the $5 book?

Let s = the selling price of the book. Since 28% is the percent
of increase, the amount the used-book store pays to buy a
book is less than the selling price. Therefore, s – 5 represents
the amount of change.
change percent change

book store cost 100 percent

Find the cross products.


Distributive Property
Add 500 to each side.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 100.

Simplify.
Answer: The selling price of the $5 book is $6.40.
At one store the price of a pair of jeans is $26.00. At
another store the same pair of jeans has a price that is
22% higher. What is the price of jeans at the second store?

Answer: The price of jeans at the second store is $31.72.


Sales Tax A meal for two at a restaurant costs $32.75. If
the sales tax is 5%, what is the total price of the meal?

The tax is 5% of the price of the meal.

Use a calculator.

Round $1.6375 to $1.64. Add this amount to the


original price.

Answer: The total price of the meal is $34.49.


A portable CD player costs $69.99. If the sales tax is
6.75%, what is the total price of the CD player?

Answer: The total price of the CD player is $74.71.


Discount A dog toy is on sale for
20% off the original price. If the original
price of the toy is $3.80, what is the
discounted price?
The discount is 20% of the original price.

Subtract $0.76 from the original price.

Answer: The discounted price of the dog


toy is $3.04.
A baseball cap is on sale for 15% off the original price. If
the original price of the cap is $19.99, what is the
discounted price?

Answer: The discounted price of the cap player is $16.99.


SOLVING
EQUATIONS
And
FORMULAE
Example 1 Solve an Equation for a Specific Variable
Example 2 Solve an Equation for a Specific Variable
Example 3 Use a Formula to Solve Problems
Example 4 Use Dimensional Analysis
Solve for b.

Original equation

Subtract 12c from each side.

Simplify.

Divide each side by 5.


Simplify.

or

Answer: The value of b is .


Solve for y.

Answer: The value of y is .


Solve for x.

Original equation

Add xy to each side.

Simplify.

Add 2z to each side.

Simplify.

Use the Distributive


Property.
Divide each side
by 7 + y.

Answer: The value of x is . Since division by 0 is

undefined, .
Solve for a.

Answer: The value of a is .


Fuel Economy A car’s fuel economy E (miles per

gallon) is given by the formula , where m is

the number of miles driven and g is the number of

gallons of fuel used. Solve the formula for m.


Formula for fuel economy.

Multiply each side by g.

Answer: Simplify.
Fuel Economy If Claudia’s car has an average fuel
consumption of 30 miles per gallon and she used 9.5
gallons, how far did she drive?
Formula for how many miles driven

E = 30 mpg and g = 9.5 gallons

Multiply.

Answer: She drove 285 miles.


Fuel Economy A car’s fuel economy E (miles per

gallon) is given by the formula , where m is

the number of miles driven and g is the number of

gallons of fuel used. Solve the formula for g.

Answer:
If Claudia drove 1477 miles and her pickup has an
average fuel consumption of 19 miles per gallon, how
many gallons of fuel did she use?

Answer: She used around 77.74 gallons.


Geometry The formula for the volume of a cylinder
is , where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is
the height. Solve the formula for h.

Original formula

Divide each side by .

Answer:
Geometry What is the height of a cylindrical swimming
pool that has a radius of 12 feet and a volume of 1810
cubic feet?

Formula for h

V = 1810 and r = 12

Use a calculator.

Answer: The height of the cylindrical swimming


pool is about 4 feet.
Geometry The formula for the volume of a cylinder
is , where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is
the height.

Solve the formula for r.

Answer:
What is the radius of a cylindrical swimming pool if the
volume is 2010 cubic feet and a height of 6 feet?

Answer: The radius is about 10 feet.


WEIGHTED AVERAGES
Example 1 Solve a Mixture Problem with Prices
Example 2 Solve a Mixture Problem with Percents
Example 3 Solve for Average Speed
Example 4 Solve a Problem Involving Speeds of
Two Vehicles
Pets Jeri likes to feed her cat gourmet cat food that costs
$1.75 per pound. However, food at that price is too
expensive so she combines it with cheaper cat food that
costs $0.50 per pound. How many pounds of cheaper food
should Jeri buy to go with 5 pounds of gourmet food, if she
wants the price to be $1.00 per pound?
Let w = the number of pounds of cheaper cat food. Make a
table.

Units (lb) Price per Unit Price

Gourmet cat food 5 $1.75 $8.75

Gourmet cat food w $0.50 0.5w

Mixed cat food 5+w $1.00 1.00(5 + w)


Write and solve an equation using the information
in the table.
Price of price of price of
gourmet cheaper mixed
cat food plus cat food equals cat food.

8.75 0.5w 1.00(5 + w)

Original equation

Distributive Property
Subtract 0.5w from
each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 5.0 from
each side.

Simplify.

Divide each side


by 0.5.

Simplify.

Answer: Jerry should buy 7.5 pounds of cheaper cat food


to be mixed with the 4 pounds of gourmet cat food to
equal out to $1.00 per pound of cat food.
Cheryl has bought 3 ounces of sequins that cost $1.79 an
ounce. The seed beads cost $0.99 an ounce. How many
ounces of seed beads can she buy if she only wants the
beads to be $1.29 an ounce for her craft project?

Answer: Cheryl should buy 4.6 ounces of beads.


Auto Maintenance To provide protection against freezing,
a car’s radiator should contain a solution of 50%
antifreeze. Darryl has 2 gallons of a 35% antifreeze
solution. How many gallons of 100% antifreeze should
Darryl add to his solution to produce a solution of 50%
antifreeze?
Let g = the number of gallons of 100% antifreeze to be
added. Make a table.
Amount of Price
Solution (gallons)
35% Solution 2 0.35(2)

100% Solution g 1.0(g)

50% Solution 2+g 0.50(2 + g)


Write and solve an equation using the information
in the table.
Amount of amount of amount of
antifreeze in antifreeze in antifreeze in
35% solution plus 100% solution equals 50% solution.

0.35(2) 1.0(g) 0.50(2 + g)

Original equation

Distributive Property
Subtract 0.50g from
each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 0.70 from
each side.

Simplify.

Divide each side


by 0.50.

Simplify.

Answer: Darryl should add 0.60 gallons of 100%


antifreeze to produce a 50% solution.
A recipe calls for mixed nuts with 50% peanuts.

pound of 15% peanuts has already been used.

How many pounds of 75% peanuts needs to be add

to obtain the required 50% mix?

Answer: of a pound of 75% peanuts should be used.


Air Travel Mirasol took
a non-stop flight from
Newark to Austin to visit
her grandmother. The 1500-mile trip took three hours and
45 minutes. Because of bad weather, the return trip took
four hours and 45 minutes. What was her average speed
for the round trip?

To find the average speed for each leg of the trip,


rewrite .
Going

Returning
Round Trip

Definition of weighted average

Simplify.

Answer: The average speed for the round trip was about
343.9 miles per hour.
In the morning, when traffic is light, it takes 30 minutes to
get to work. The trip is 15 miles through towns. In the
afternoon when traffic is a little heavier, it takes 45
minutes. What is the average speed for the round trip?

Answer: The average speed for the round trip was about 23
miles per hour.
Rescue A railroad switching operator has discovered that
two trains are heading toward each other on the same
track. Currently, the trains are 53 miles apart. One train
is traveling at 75 miles per hour and the other train is
traveling at 40 miles per hour. The faster train will
require 5 miles to stop safely, and the slower train will
require 3 miles to stop safely. About how many minutes
does the operator have to warn the train engineers to stop
their trains?
Draw a diagram.

53 miles apart

Takes 5 miles to stop Takes 3 miles to stop


Let m = the number of minutes that the operator has to warn
the train engineers to stop their trains safely. Make a table.

r t d = rt

Fast train 75 m 75m

Other train 40 m 40m


Write and solve an equation using the information
in the table.
Distance distance
traveled by fast traveled by
train plus other train equals 45 miles.

75m 40m 45

Original equation

Simplify.

Divide each side by 115.


Round to the nearest hundredth.

Convert to minutes by
multiplying by 60.

Answer: The operator has about 23 minutes to warn


the engineers.
Two students left the school on their bicycles at the
same time, one heading north and the other heading
south. The student heading north travels 15 miles per
hour, and the one heading south travels at 17 miles per
hour. About how many minutes will they be 7.5 miles
apart?

Answer: They will be 7.5 miles apart in about 14 minutes.


THIS IS THE END
OF THE SESSION
BYE!

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