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UNIT 3
SOLVING
LINEAR EQUATIONS
SOLVING
LINEAR EQUATIONS
Lesson 1 Writing Equations
Lesson 2 Solving Equations by Using Addition
and Subtraction
Lesson 3 Solving Equations by Using Multiplication
and Division
Lesson 4 Solving Multi-Step Equations
Lesson 5 Solving Equations with the Variable
on Each Side
Lesson 6 Ratios and Proportions
Lesson 7 Percent of Change
Lesson 8 Solving Equations and Formulas
Lesson 9 Weighted Averages
WRITING EQUATIONS
Example 1 Translate Sentences into Equations
Example 2 Use the Four-Step Plan
Example 3 Write a Formula
Example 4 Translate Equations into Sentences
Example 5 Write a Problem
Translate this sentence into an equation.
A number b divided by three is equal to six less than c.
b divided by three is equal to six less than c.
15 z 6 y 2 11
Answer: The equation is .
Translate each sentence into an equation.
a. A number c multiplied by six is equal to two more than d.
Answer: The equation is .
1,2500,000 h 10,000,000
Solve
Find h mentally by asking, “What number times 125
equals 1000?”
h=8
Answer: It will take 8 hours to produce
10,000,000 jellybeans.
Examine If 1,250,000 jellybeans are produced in one hour,
then 1,250,000 x 8 or 10,000,000 jellybeans are
produced in 8 hours. The answer makes sense.
A person at the KeyTronic World Invitational
Type-Off typed 148 words per minute. How
many minutes would it take to type 3552
words?
P 4s
Answer: The formula is .
Translate the sentence into a formula.
The area of a circle equals the product of π and the square of
the radius r.
12 2x 5
a2 3b
1.
2.
4( f + 1.50) – f = 8.25
Answer: The cost of a burger is $1.50 more than the cost of
fries. Four times the cost of a burger minus the cost of fries
equals $8.25. How much do fries cost?
Write a problem based on the given information.
h = Tiana’s height in inches
h – 3 = Consuelo’s height in inches
3h(h – 3) = 8262
Answer: Consuelo is 3 inches shorter than Tiana. The product
of Consuelo’s height and three times Tiana’s is 8262. How tall
is Tiana?
SOLVING
EQUATIONS
by using
ADDITION
and
SUBTRACTION
Example 1 Solve by Adding a Positive Number
Example 2 Solve by Adding a Negative Number
Example 3 Solve by Subtracting
Example 4 Solve by Adding or Subtracting
Example 5 Write and Solve an Equation
Example 6 Write an Equation to Solve a Problem
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Answer: and
Answer: 40
Check:
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Answer: and
Answer: –61
Check:
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Answer: and
Answer: –171
Check:
Solve in two ways.
Original equation
Answer: and
or
Method 2 Use the Addition Property of Equality.
Original equation
Answer: and
or
Solve .
Answer:
Write an equation for the problem. Then solve the equation
and check your solution.
Fourteen more than a number is equal to twenty-seven. Find this
number.
Fourteen more than a number is equal to twenty-seven.
14 n 27
Original equation
Answer: –13
History The Washington
Monument in Washington, D.C., was
built in two phases. From 1848–
1854, the monument was built to a
height of 152 feet. From 1854 until
1878, no work was done. Then from
1878 to 1888, the additional
construction resulted in its final
height of 555 feet. How much of the
monument was added during the
second construction phase?
Words The first height plus the additional height equals
555 feet.
Variables Let a = the additional height.
The first height plus the additional height equals 555.
152 a 555
Original equation
Subtract 152 from each side.
and
Original equation
Answer: and
Answer: 12
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Answer:
Solve .
Original equation
Answer:
Space Travel Using information from
Example 4 in the Student Edition, what
would be the weight
of Neil Armstrong’s suit and life-
support backpack on Mars if three
times the Mars weight equals the Earth
weight?
Words Three times the weight on Mars equals the
weight on Earth.
Variables Let w = the weight on Mars.
Three times the weight on Mars equals the weight on Earth.
3 w 198
Original equation
and
Original equation
Answer: and
Answer: 17
Check:
Solve .
Original equation
Answer: and
Solve .
Answer: –23
Write an equation for the problem below. Then solve the
equation.
Negative fourteen times a number equals 224.
Negative fourteen times a number equals 224.
–14 n 224
Original equation
Answer: –17
SOLVING
MULTI- STEP EQUATIONS
Example 1 Work Backward to Solve a Problem
Example 2 Solve Using Addition and Division
Example 3 Solve Using Subtraction and Multiplication
Example 4 Solve Using Multiplication and Addition
Example 5 Write and Solve a Multi-Step Equation
Example 6 Solve a Consecutive Integer Problem
Danny took some rope with
him on his camping trip. He
used 32 feet of rope to tie his
canoe to a log on the shore.
The next night, he used half of the
remaining rope to secure his tent during a thunderstorm.
On the last day, he used 7 feet as a fish stringer to keep the
fish that he caught. After the camping trip, he had 9 feet
left. How much rope did he have at the beginning of the
camping trip?
Start at the end of the problem and undo each step.
Statement Undo the Statement
He had 9 feet left. 9
He used 7 feet as a
9 + 7 = 16
fish stringer.
He used half of the remaining
rope to secure his tent.
16 × 2 = 32
He used 32 feet to tie 32 + 32 = 64
his canoe.
Answer: He had 64 feet of rope. Check the
answer in the context of the problem.
Olivia went to the mall to spend some of her monthly
allowance. She put $10 away so it could be deposited in the
savings account at a later date. The first thing she bought
was a CD for $15.99. The next stop was to buy hand lotion
and a candle, which set her back $9.59. For lunch, she spent
half of the remaining cash. She went to the arcade room
and spent $5.00 and took home $1.21. How much was
Olivia’s monthly allowance?
Answer: $48.00
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer: Simplify.
To check, substitute 10 for q in the original
equation.
Solve .
Answer: 14
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer: 363
Solve .
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer: r = 14 Simplify.
Solve .
Answer: 21
Write an equation for the problem below. Then solve the
equation.
Eight more than five times a number is negative 62.
Eight more than five times a number is negative 62.
8 5 n 62
Original equation
Simplify.
Multiply each side by .
Answer: –13
Number Theory Write an equation for the problem below.
Then solve the equation and answer the problem.
Find three consecutive odd integers whose sum is 57.
= 57
Original equation
Simplify.
Simplify.
Answer: s = 5 Simplify.
To check your answer, substitute 5 for s in the
original equation.
Solve .
Answer:
Solve . Then check your solution.
Original equation
Distributive Property
Subtract 6 from
each side.
Simplify.
Answer: q = 6 Simplify.
Answer: 36
Solve .
Original equation
Distributive Property
Original equation
Distributive Property
Answer: Since the value –26 makes the statement true, the
answer is D.
Multiple-Choice Test Item
Solve .
A 32
B –32
C 26
D –26
Answer: C
RATIOS
and
PROPORTIONS
Example 1 Determine Whether Ratios Form a Proportion
Example 2 Use Cross Products
Example 3 Solve a Proportion
Example 4 Use Rates
Example 5 Use a Scale Drawing
Determine whether the ratios and form a
proportion.
Original equation
Simplify.
Answer: Simplify.
Solve the proportion .
Answer: 6.3
Bicycling The gear on a bicycle
is 8:5. This means that for every
eight turns of the pedals, the
wheel turns five times. Suppose
the bicycle wheel turns about
2435 times during a trip. How many times
would you have to turn the pedals during the trip?
Explore Let p represent the number of times needed to
crank the pedals.
Plan Write a proportion for the problem.
turns of the pedals turns of the pedals
Simplify.
actual actual
Texas:
scale
scale
actual actual
Solve Connecticut:
Simplify.
or 20.5 Simplify.
Solve Texas:
Simplify.
or 72 Simplify.
Answer: The actual distance in Connecticut represented
by 2.5 inches is 20.5 miles. The actual distance
in Texas represented by 2.5 inches is 72 miles.
Examine: 2.5 inches is of 5 inches. So 2.5 inches
represents (41) or 20.5 miles in Connecticut
and (144) or 72 miles in Texas. The answer is
correct.
The scale on a map of the United States is
Simplify.
Answer: The percent of increase is 25%.
State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the percent of
change.
original: 20
new: 4
Find the amount of change. Since the new amount is less than
the original, the percent of change is a percent of decrease.
20 – 4 = 16
Find the percent using the original number, 20,
as the base.
change percent change
Simplify.
Answer: The percent of decrease is 80%.
a. State whether the percent of change is a percent of
increase or a percent of decrease. Then find the
percent of change.
original: 20
new: 18
Let s = the selling price of the book. Since 28% is the percent
of increase, the amount the used-book store pays to buy a
book is less than the selling price. Therefore, s – 5 represents
the amount of change.
change percent change
Simplify.
Simplify.
Answer: The selling price of the $5 book is $6.40.
At one store the price of a pair of jeans is $26.00. At
another store the same pair of jeans has a price that is
22% higher. What is the price of jeans at the second store?
Use a calculator.
Original equation
Simplify.
or
Original equation
Simplify.
Simplify.
undefined, .
Solve for a.
Answer: Simplify.
Fuel Economy If Claudia’s car has an average fuel
consumption of 30 miles per gallon and she used 9.5
gallons, how far did she drive?
Formula for how many miles driven
Multiply.
Answer:
If Claudia drove 1477 miles and her pickup has an
average fuel consumption of 19 miles per gallon, how
many gallons of fuel did she use?
Original formula
Answer:
Geometry What is the height of a cylindrical swimming
pool that has a radius of 12 feet and a volume of 1810
cubic feet?
Formula for h
V = 1810 and r = 12
Use a calculator.
Answer:
What is the radius of a cylindrical swimming pool if the
volume is 2010 cubic feet and a height of 6 feet?
Original equation
Distributive Property
Subtract 0.5w from
each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 5.0 from
each side.
Simplify.
Simplify.
Original equation
Distributive Property
Subtract 0.50g from
each side.
Simplify.
Subtract 0.70 from
each side.
Simplify.
Simplify.
Returning
Round Trip
Simplify.
Answer: The average speed for the round trip was about
343.9 miles per hour.
In the morning, when traffic is light, it takes 30 minutes to
get to work. The trip is 15 miles through towns. In the
afternoon when traffic is a little heavier, it takes 45
minutes. What is the average speed for the round trip?
Answer: The average speed for the round trip was about 23
miles per hour.
Rescue A railroad switching operator has discovered that
two trains are heading toward each other on the same
track. Currently, the trains are 53 miles apart. One train
is traveling at 75 miles per hour and the other train is
traveling at 40 miles per hour. The faster train will
require 5 miles to stop safely, and the slower train will
require 3 miles to stop safely. About how many minutes
does the operator have to warn the train engineers to stop
their trains?
Draw a diagram.
53 miles apart
r t d = rt
75m 40m 45
Original equation
Simplify.
Convert to minutes by
multiplying by 60.